CN113252563A - Liquid absorption detection system and method based on terahertz photoacoustic effect and atomic force probe - Google Patents
Liquid absorption detection system and method based on terahertz photoacoustic effect and atomic force probe Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3581—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using far infrared light; using Terahertz radiation
- G01N21/3586—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using far infrared light; using Terahertz radiation by Terahertz time domain spectroscopy [THz-TDS]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01Q—SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES OR APPARATUS; APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING-PROBE TECHNIQUES, e.g. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY [SPM]
- G01Q60/00—Particular types of SPM [Scanning Probe Microscopy] or microscopes; Essential components thereof
- G01Q60/24—AFM [Atomic Force Microscopy] or apparatus therefor, e.g. AFM probes
- G01Q60/38—Probes, their manufacture, or their related instrumentation, e.g. holders
- G01Q60/40—Conductive probes
Abstract
The invention provides a liquid absorption detection system and method based on a terahertz photoacoustic effect and an atomic force probe. The invention is based on the photoacoustic effect, the liquid is heated to cause thermoelastic expansion, and acoustic waves which can be detected are generated; the phase-locked amplifier and the atomic force probe system are used for detecting the photoacoustic wave so as to obtain the intensity of the terahertz signal absorbed by the carried sample, and further, the terahertz wave detection with low cost, high sensitivity and high signal-to-noise ratio at room temperature is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of terahertz spectrum detection of sensors, in particular to a liquid absorption detection system and method based on a terahertz photoacoustic effect and an atomic force probe.
Background
As a section of electromagnetic spectrum resource which is not used in a large scale by human, terahertz (THz) has an extremely rich interaction effect between electromagnetic waves and substances, covers vibration and rotation frequencies of many biomacromolecules, and includes a low-energy excitation band of electronic materials. Further, the energy of THz wave photons is only millielectron volts (meV), and compared to X-rays, the molecular structure of a substance to be detected is not damaged by ionization. The THz has wide application prospect in a plurality of fields such as security inspection imaging, communication, atmospheric environment monitoring, biomedicine, military field and the like.
In the application fields of THz imaging, THz time domain spectrum detection and the like, THz radiation sources are used as carriers, THz wave detection is used as a basis, and due to the fact that ultra-short laser pulse generating THz waves is low in energy and high in thermal background coupling, detection equipment with high sensitivity and high signal-to-noise ratio is required to be used for detecting the THz waves. The technology of room temperature micro solid THz light source and detector is not mature, a plurality of THz emission-detection applications are still in the stages of principle demonstration and research, and the development of a room temperature working solid THz detection technology with high speed, high sensitivity, low noise and wide frequency band is one of important directions of THz core device research, and has significance. Particularly, in a medium and an organism with high water content, the THz wave is absorbed strongly, so that the transmission attenuation is serious, and the detection depth is small. How to extract weak characteristic information from complex background interference and transmit the information to the outside is a precondition for THz detection, imaging and application of a high-water-content object.
The substance can also generate other measurable physical effects-photoacoustic/thermo-elastic effects after absorbing the light pulse energy, and researches show that electromagnetic waves in the wavelength range from ultraviolet to X-ray can be used as photoacoustic effect excitation sources. The photoacoustic effect utilizes the instantaneous energy deposition of light pulses, emits ultrasonic waves through adiabatic expansion, utilizes a high-sensitivity sound detection technology to realize indirect measurement of weak excitation light, and has a great pushing effect on the application of far infrared and THz. Compared with the thermal detection based on average temperature rise, the THz photoacoustic detection technology has higher energy utilization rate and shorter response time and has more advantages than the existing thermal radiation absorption detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a liquid absorption detection system and method based on a terahertz photoacoustic effect and an atomic force probe, and aims to solve the problems of high noise and low sensitivity of a terahertz detection device.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a liquid absorption detection system based on a terahertz photoacoustic effect and an atomic force probe comprises:
the terahertz light source is characterized in that an electro-optic crystal is irradiated by adopting a fiber femtosecond laser pulse to generate quasi-continuous terahertz waves, and the terahertz waves are changed into THz pulses through an optical chopper and then irradiated onto liquid to be measured through a focusing lens;
after the liquid to be detected absorbs THz radiation, the liquid is heated to cause thermoelastic expansion, and detectable sound waves are generated;
the atomic force probe system comprises a micro-cantilever and a probe arranged on the micro-cantilever, and is used for detecting the mechanical vibration of the surface of the liquid to be detected, generating weak current through a piezoelectric effect and transmitting a current signal to a signal processing system;
and the signal processing system is used for acquiring and processing a current signal input by the atomic force probe system, the current signal is firstly converted into voltage by the trans-impedance amplifier, is acquired by the oscilloscope after being demodulated by the lock-in amplifier, and finally, the THz wave energy absorbed by the liquid to be detected is calculated.
The optical fiber femtosecond laser pulse is adopted to irradiate the electro-optical crystal to generate quasi-continuous THz wave, and the modulation is carried out to generate THz pulse with the pulse width larger than 10 ns.
The liquid to be detected is placed on a sample platform, and the sample platform and the atomic force probe system are arranged on the nanometer displacement platform.
A liquid absorption detection method based on a terahertz photoacoustic effect and an atomic force probe comprises the following steps:
a. setting the detection system; starting the detection system, and irradiating the electro-optical crystal by femtosecond laser pulses to generate quasi-continuous terahertz waves; the system relates to a precise atomic force probe, realizes the measurement of nm-level vibration displacement, and is established on an optical air-flotation vibration isolation platform in order to reduce unnecessary errors caused by external environment noise as much as possible;
b. modulating quasi-continuous terahertz waves to form THz pulses with pulse widths larger than 10ns, and then focusing the THz pulses to the surface of the liquid to be measured through a focusing lens;
c. the method comprises the steps of operating a nanometer displacement table, enabling an atomic force probe system to slowly contact liquid to be detected at a step pitch of nm level, enabling the liquid to be detected to absorb THz radiation, enabling the liquid to be heated to cause thermoelastic expansion to form surface displacement, achieving detection of the displacement of the nm level through measuring the atomic force between the probe and the liquid to be detected, then generating weak current through a piezoelectric effect, and transmitting a current signal to a signal processing system;
d. the current signal received by the signal processing system is firstly converted into voltage by the trans-impedance amplifier, is acquired by the oscilloscope after being demodulated by the lock-in amplifier, and finally the THz wave energy absorbed by the liquid to be measured is calculated. Therefore, the THz detection of the high-water-content object under the room temperature environment with low cost, high sensitivity and high signal-to-noise ratio is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the THz detection device is based on the photoacoustic effect, utilizes the instant energy deposition of THz pulse, carries out adiabatic expansion to emit ultrasonic wave when thermal diffusion does not occur, and compared with the average temperature rise of the traditional thermal radiation detection, the THz detection device has the advantages of higher energy utilization rate, shorter response time, no selectivity of the photoacoustic effect on detection wavelength and large measurable dynamic range.
(2) The atomic force probe working in a contact mode is adopted to obtain higher detection sensitivity than that of the ultrasonic transducer, and the device system works at room temperature, and has high responsivity and small equivalent noise power.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the detection method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a detection system according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of the principle of photoacoustic detection based on atomic force.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of atomic force based photoacoustic detection of absorbers.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a detection circuit of the atomic force probe system.
In fig. 2: 1. a terahertz source; 2. a focusing lens; 3. an atomic force probe system; 4. a sample stage; 5. a nano-displacement stage; 6. a lock-in amplifier.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the liquid absorption detection system based on the terahertz photoacoustic effect and the atomic force probe provided by the invention specifically includes:
the terahertz light source adopts fiber femtosecond laser pulses to irradiate the electro-optic crystal to generate quasi-continuous terahertz waves, and the terahertz waves are changed into THz pulses through the optical chopper and then irradiated onto liquid to be measured through the focusing lens;
after the liquid to be detected absorbs THz radiation, the liquid is heated to cause thermoelastic expansion, and detectable sound waves are generated;
the atomic force probe system comprises a micro-cantilever and a probe arranged on the micro-cantilever, and is used for detecting the mechanical vibration of the surface of the liquid to be detected, generating weak current through a piezoelectric effect and transmitting a current signal to a signal processing system;
and the signal processing system is used for acquiring and processing a current signal input by the atomic force probe system, the current signal is firstly converted into voltage by the trans-impedance amplifier, is acquired by the oscilloscope after being demodulated by the lock-in amplifier, and finally, the THz wave energy absorbed by the liquid to be detected is calculated.
The experimental principle is as follows:
as shown in fig. 3, the principle of photo-acoustic (surface displacement) detection of atomic force is described as follows, after an object absorbs THz wave energy, sound pressure fluctuation is generated through a photo-acoustic effect, the photo-acoustic wave causes vibration with amplitude a to be generated on the surface of an absorber, and deformation of a cantilever beam is caused through contact force conduction of a needle tip, so that a normal acting force N and a lateral acting force S are respectively:
S＝μ0·W,
N＝Wcosθ-Ssinθ
in the formula, mu0Is the coefficient of friction, F is the lateral force, S and W are the parallel and perpendicular interface forces, respectivelyIs the tangential angle between the horizontal plane and the contact surface. Under the action of a contact force W perpendicular to the surface, the deformation delta sw of the sample is equal to W/Ks, wherein Ks is the rigidity of the needle tip. Thus, the component δ s of the deformation of the sample in the vertical direction is equal to δ swcos θ, and the cantilever deflection δ c is:
where a is the THz photoacoustic effect-induced vibration amplitude of the sample surface of fig. 3. The contact normal force N of the probe and the surface of the sample is approximately constant and the friction force is small, through theoretical derivation calculation, the longitudinal deflection delta c of the cantilever beam is approximately in direct proportion to tan theta, the output voltage signal of the cantilever beam is measured through phase-locked amplification, and the amplitude related to THz absorption of an object can be measured through inversion calculation, so that the transmitted THz wave intensity can be obtained according to the THz-photoacoustic effect efficiency. And extracting the tuning fork resonant frequency and phase shift caused by the measurement disturbance of the phase-locked amplifier, and also obtaining the sample surface amplitude information.
Before the measurement, the influence of environmental noise (such as working in a quiet closed environment, on an air floatation vibration isolation platform, closing an indoor air conditioner and the like) needs to be reduced as much as possible.
The detection process of the invention is as follows: in fig. 2, firstly, a terahertz light source is turned on, a reference signal is output through an external lock-in amplifier, continuous THz waves are aligned to be subjected to pulse modulation and converted into THz pulses with a certain width, and then the modulated light source is focused on a sample to be measured through a focusing lens. The nano displacement platform is controlled by computer software, so that the atomic force probe slowly approaches the sample platform at a step pitch of nm level, a vibration signal generated by the displacement of the surface of a measured object due to THz photoacoustic effect is detected by the atomic force probe and converted into a voltage signal, and then the voltage signal is demodulated by the phase-locked amplifier to obtain the sound amplitude information related to THz absorption.
Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the photoacoustic detection of an absorber based on atomic forces.
FIG. 5 illustrates a detection circuit of an atomic force probe, including parasitic capacitance compensation, I-V conversion, and pre-amplification circuits. The parasitic capacitance compensation needs to be adjusted before the measurement starts to optimize tuning fork performance (quality factor).
Claims (4)
1. A liquid absorption detection system based on terahertz photoacoustic effect and atomic force probe is characterized by comprising:
the terahertz light source is characterized in that an electro-optic crystal is irradiated by adopting a fiber femtosecond laser pulse to generate quasi-continuous terahertz waves, and the terahertz waves are changed into THz pulses through an optical chopper and then irradiated onto liquid to be measured through a focusing lens;
after the liquid to be detected absorbs THz radiation, the liquid is heated to cause thermoelastic expansion, and detectable sound waves are generated;
the atomic force probe system comprises a micro-cantilever and a probe arranged on the micro-cantilever, and is used for detecting the mechanical vibration of the surface of the liquid to be detected, generating weak current through a piezoelectric effect and transmitting a current signal to a signal processing system;
and the signal processing system is used for acquiring and processing a current signal input by the atomic force probe system, the current signal is firstly converted into voltage by the trans-impedance amplifier, is acquired by the oscilloscope after being demodulated by the lock-in amplifier, and finally, the THz wave energy absorbed by the liquid to be detected is calculated.
2. The liquid absorption detection system of claim 1 wherein the electro-optic crystal is illuminated with fiber optic femtosecond laser pulses to produce quasi-continuous THz waves modulated to produce THz pulses with pulse widths greater than 10 ns.
3. The liquid absorption detection system of claim 1 wherein the liquid to be tested is placed on a sample stage, and the sample stage and atomic force probe system are placed on a nano-displacement stage.
4. A liquid absorption detection method based on a terahertz photoacoustic effect and an atomic force probe is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. providing a detection system according to any one of claims 1 to 3; starting the detection system, and irradiating the electro-optical crystal by femtosecond laser pulses to generate quasi-continuous terahertz waves;
b. modulating quasi-continuous terahertz waves to form THz pulses with pulse widths larger than 10ns, and then focusing the THz pulses to the surface of the liquid to be measured through a focusing lens;
c. the method comprises the steps of operating a nanometer displacement table, enabling an atomic force probe system to slowly contact liquid to be detected at a step pitch of nm level, enabling the liquid to be detected to absorb THz radiation, enabling the liquid to be heated to cause thermoelastic expansion to form surface displacement, achieving detection of the displacement of the nm level through measuring the atomic force between the probe and the liquid to be detected, then generating weak current through a piezoelectric effect, and transmitting a current signal to a signal processing system;
d. the current signal received by the signal processing system is firstly converted into voltage by the trans-impedance amplifier, is acquired by the oscilloscope after being demodulated by the lock-in amplifier, and finally the THz wave energy absorbed by the liquid to be measured is calculated.
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