CN113231701B

CN113231701B - Blade air inlet and outlet edge six-axis electric spark machine tool

Info

Publication number: CN113231701B
Application number: CN202110520476.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 余祖元; 翟付纲; 龙金; 曹利新; 王晓明; 赵�智; 宋涛; 闫步云
Original assignee: Dalian University of Technology
Current assignee: Dalian University of Technology
Priority date: 2021-05-13
Filing date: 2021-05-13
Publication date: 2022-07-26
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-13
Also published as: CN113231701A

Abstract

The invention provides a blade air inlet and outlet edge six-axis electric spark machine tool, wherein a Y-direction linear moving shaft is fixed on the horizontal plane of a machine tool body of the special machine tool through two positioning grooves; the Y-direction linear moving shaft is connected with the X-direction linear moving shaft through a Y-axis sliding rail; two cradle mechanisms are connected to the upper surface of the X-direction linear moving shaft, one side of a first cradle is connected with a B-direction rotating shaft, one side of a second cradle is connected with an A-direction rotating shaft, the second cradle is connected with a blade clamp, a Z-axis supporting plate is arranged on the left end surface of the machine body to fix the Z-direction linear moving shaft, and the Z-direction linear moving shaft fixes the C-direction rotating shaft through accessories such as a sliding block, a transverse plate and a bearing box; the C-rotation-direction rotating shaft is connected with the electrode clamp through a shaft, and a hole position is formed in the inner side of the electrode clamp and used for connecting an actuator so as to provide vibration during machining. The invention has compact structure and simple assembly, can realize space complex motion with six degrees of freedom, improves the processing efficiency of the blade edge circular arc, and can stably and reliably carry out multi-degree-of-freedom electric spark processing on the air inlet and outlet edges of the blade.

Description

Six-axis electric spark machine tool for air inlet and outlet sides of blades

Technical Field

The invention relates to a blade air inlet and outlet edge six-axis electric spark machine tool, and belongs to the technical field of machine tool precision machining.

Background

The aeronautical manufacturing technology is always a top-end technology, the aircraft engine technology is a crown in the aeronautical manufacturing technology, and the blades play an important role in energy conversion in the aeronautical engine and are known as the heart of the aeronautical engine. Worldwide, the comprehensive industrial strength of a country is often represented by the development and processing technology level of an aircraft engine. In the whole machining process of the aircraft engine, the machining amount of the blade accounts for one third of the total machining amount, so the machining quality of the blade determines the machining quality of the engine to a great extent. The blade is used as a main part of an aircraft engine, and the air inlet and outlet edges of the blade are used as main working profiles of the blade, so that the air inlet and outlet edges are the most critical parts of the blade of the aircraft engine. At present, the following methods for processing the air inlet and outlet edges of the blade are available: manual grinding, numerical control abrasive belt grinding, robot grinding and electrolytic machining. The manual grinding is an early blade edge processing method which is manually ground by a technician and has the defects of low production efficiency, poor processing consistency and the like; the numerical control abrasive belt mill and the robot grinding have the defects of inevitable cutting force residual stress, grinding burn and the like in the machining process; the electrochemical machining has obvious advantages in machining of the blade basin and the blade back, but the machining precision of the blade edge is not high due to the fact that burrs are generated on the machining of the blade edge circular arc due to the fact that flow fields of an inlet and an outlet of the air inlet and exhaust edges are not distributed uniformly. Electric discharge machining has been widely used in various fields because of its advantages such as absence of cutting force during machining, capability of machining parts of complicated shapes, capability of machining any conductive materials, and the like. The blade material of the aircraft engine belongs to a high-temperature difficult-to-machine material, and the air inlet and outlet edges of the blade belong to a curved surface with a complex shape, so that the six-axis electric spark machine tool is adopted, and the designed forming electrode has obvious advantages in machining the air inlet and outlet edges of the blade. However, no relevant report is found about designing a six-axis electric spark machine tool with special blade air inlet and outlet sides.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a structural design scheme of a six-axis electric spark machine tool for air inlet and outlet edges of blades, the six-axis electric spark machine tool is a special machine tool suitable for machining the air inlet and outlet edges of the blades, the machine tool has better spatial layout in structural design so as to deal with the machining of more complicated curved surfaces of the air inlet and outlet edges of the blades, the equipment is compact in structure and simple to assemble, and the machining scheme introduced by the text can be used for better finishing the machining of the air inlet and outlet edges of the blades.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a six-axis electric spark machine tool with blades on the air inlet and outlet sides is characterized in that,

a first bed body positioning groove 32 and a second bed body positioning groove 37 are formed in the horizontal plane of the bed body 1, the first bed body positioning groove 32 and the second bed body positioning groove 37 fix the Y-direction linear moving shaft 30 through the bed body connecting block 29, the Y-direction linear moving shaft 30 is connected with the X-direction linear moving shaft 36 through the Y-axis sliding rail 31, the X-direction linear moving shaft 36 fixes the cradle connecting bottom plate 27 through the X-axis sliding rail 28, and the cradle connecting bottom plate 27 fixes the first cradle supporting frame 16 and the second cradle supporting frame 35 through the connecting piece 24; the connecting piece 24 is used for reinforcing the first cradle support frame 16, the first cradle support frame 16 fixes the A-rotation-direction rotating shaft 18 through the A-rotation-direction rotating motor support 17 so as to transmit torque to the first cradle 33, and the first cradle 33 mainly comprises a bottom plate, four cradle fixing plates and fixed corner bracket reinforcing ribs; the first cradle support frame 16 and the second cradle support frame 35 are coupled to the first cradle fixing plate a20 and the first cradle fixing plate c34 by fitting the first connecting end cap 19 and the second connecting end cap 21, the first cradle fixing plate B38 and the first cradle fixing plate d 40 are coupled to the B-turn rotating shaft 25 through the B-turn rotating motor support 26 in the Y-direction to transmit torque to the B-turn second cradle 15, and the second cradle 15 is mainly composed of a bottom plate and four cradle fixing plates; the bottom surface of the second cradle 15 is connected with a blade clamp 23 through a threaded hole, the blade clamp 23 clamps an engine blade 22, and the engine blade 22 is fixed in the second cradle 15 to drive the cradle to complete the change of the spatial position; the Z-direction lathe bed 2 is connected and fixed with a Z-direction linear moving shaft 5 through a Z-axis support plate 4, the Z-direction linear moving shaft 5 is connected with a Z-axis direct connection base plate 7 through a Z-axis sliding rail 6, and the Z-axis direct connection base plate 7 supports a fixed bearing box 13 through a fixed angle bracket 8 and an overhanging support plate 9; the bearing box 13 supports and fixes the C-direction rotating shaft 12, and the C-direction rotating shaft 12 transmits torque to the electrode clamp 14 through the C-direction rotating connecting shaft 41, the coupler 42 and the Z rotating shaft 44; an actuator clamping device 39 is arranged in the electrode clamp 14, wherein a first rolling bearing 43 and a second rolling bearing 45 are respectively connected to the upper part and the lower part of a Z-direction rotating shaft 44, a counterweight rope 11 is connected to the upper surface of the overhanging support plate 9 in order to ensure the stress balance of the Z-direction linear moving shaft 5, and the counterweight suspending hammer 3 is suspended by the counterweight rope 11 through a pulley 10.

Six axes are arranged in the space of the blade air inlet and exhaust side six-axis electric spark machine tool, an X-direction linear moving axis 36, a Y-direction linear moving axis 30, a Z-direction linear moving axis 5, an A-direction rotating axis 18, a B-direction rotating axis 25 and a C-direction rotating axis 12 are arranged in the space, the A-direction rotating axis 18 drives a first cradle 33 to do A-direction rotating motion, the first cradle 33 drives a second cradle 15 to do A-direction rotating motion, and the B-direction rotating axis 25 is used for driving the second cradle 15 to do B-direction rotating motion.

In order to reduce the shaft load, the counterweight suspending weight 3 needs to be applied to the C-rotation direction rotating shaft 12, the C-rotation direction rotating connecting shaft 41, the coupling 42, the Z-rotation shaft 44 and the like so as to reduce the movement load of the Z-direction moving shaft 5; also, the other side of the first cradling frame 33 is provided with the B-turn rotating shaft 25, and in order to achieve the motion balance to reduce the rotating load of the a-turn rotating shaft 18, the other side of the first cradling frame 33 needs to be applied with a proper weight.

The rotating shafts have repeated positioning errors, and the rotating centers of the blades are arranged at the central positions of the A-rotation-direction rotating shaft 18 and the B-rotation-direction rotating shaft 25 so as to ensure the movement precision.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts six-axis spatial structure arrangement, an XYZ linear moving shaft, a double-cradle mechanism and a C rotating shaft, wherein the A rotating shaft can provide rotating torque in the A rotating direction for the first cradle, and the second cradle is arranged in the first cradle, so that the first cradle can drive the second cradle to do A rotating motion, and an engine blade is arranged in the second cradle through a clamp, so that the engine blade can realize the A rotating motion; the rotating shaft in the B direction can drive the second cradle to rotate in the B direction, so that the blades of the engine can also easily realize the rotation in the B direction. The engine blade can realize six-degree-of-freedom spatial motion in the electric spark machine tool, the structure arrangement provides possibility for the electric spark machining of the complex air inlet and outlet edge curved surface of the engine blade, and the electric spark machine tool is very suitable for the curved surface machining of the blade edge due to the advantages of no cutting force, capability of machining any conductive material, capability of machining parts with complex shapes and the like in the electric spark machining process. The double cradles of the six-axis electric spark machine tool adopt a split type design, are convenient to process and assemble, and can ensure that the blade edge curved surface is processed with high precision by adopting a high-precision linear moving shaft (with the repeated positioning precision of 0.1 micron) and a high-precision rotating shaft (with the repeated positioning precision of 3.5 micro-arcs). Each accessory of the six-axis machine tool is processed in a block mode and finally assembled, integral processing of a structure which is difficult to process is abandoned, the structural process is better, the structure is simple, and the assembly is convenient; the blade clamp and the electrode clamp are simple in structure, convenient to disassemble, high in precision, safe and reliable.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a blade air inlet and outlet side six-axis EDM machine;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the six-axis machine;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the Z-bearing housing;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the six-axis machine tool electrical connections.

In the figure: 1. a bed body; 2, a Z-direction lathe bed; 3. a counterweight hanging hammer; a Z-axis support plate; a Z-direction linear moving shaft; 6, Z-axis slide rail; 7, connecting the Z axis directly with the substrate; 8. fixing the corner bracket; 9. a cantilevered support plate; 10. a pulley; 11. a counterweight rope; c rotating to the rotating shaft; 13. a bearing housing; 14. an electrode holder; 15. a second cradle; 16. a first cradle support frame; a rotating motor support of rotation direction a; a rotation axis of rotation; 19. a first connecting end cap; 20. a first cradle fixing plate a; 21. a second connection end cap; 22. an engine blade; 23. a blade clamp; 24. a connecting member; b rotating to the rotating shaft; 26, supporting a B-rotation-direction rotating motor; 27. the cradle is connected with the bottom plate; an X-axis slide rail; 29. a lathe bed connecting block; a Y-direction linear movement shaft; a Y-axis slide rail; 32. a first bed body positioning groove; 33. a first cradle; 34 a first cradle fixing plate c; 35. a second cradle support frame; an X-direction linear movement shaft; 37. a second bed body positioning groove; 38. a first cradle fixing plate b; 39. an actuator clamping device; 40. a first cradle fixing plate d; c rotating direction rotating connecting shaft; 42. a coupling; 43. a first rolling bearing; the Z rotation axis; 45. a second rolling bearing.

Detailed Description

The following further describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings and technical solutions.

The invention relates to a six-axis electric spark machine tool for an air inlet and exhaust edge of a blade, which is used for solving the problem that a complex curved surface of the air inlet and exhaust edge of an engine blade is difficult to machine.

The six-axis electric spark machining tool comprises a lathe bed, an XYZ linear moving mechanism, an ABC rotating mechanism, an AB-direction double-cradle mechanism, a C-direction rotating mechanism, a forming electrode and electrode clamping mechanism, an engine blade clamping mechanism, a C-direction rotating shaft and a counterweight mechanism.

The method comprises the following steps of (1) establishing a machine tool: firstly, a Y-direction linear moving shaft 30 is fixed on the horizontal plane of a bed body through a first bed body positioning groove 32, a second bed body dovetail groove 37 and a connecting screw, then the Y-direction linear moving shaft is connected with an X-direction linear moving shaft 36 through a Y-axis slide rail 31, the X-direction linear moving shaft 36 is connected with a cradle connecting bottom plate 27 through an X-axis slide rail 28, a first cradle support frame 16 and a second cradle support frame 35 are connected with a first cradle 33 through two holes on the first cradle support frame 33 and the second cradle support frame 35, a shaft and a coupling are arranged in the holes of the first cradle 33 and the support frames to be connected with an A rotation direction rotating shaft 18, the first cradle 33 is connected with a second cradle 15 through two support frame holes in the Y direction, a shaft and a coupling to be connected with a B rotation direction rotating shaft 25 are arranged in the holes, hole positions are arranged on the bottom plate of the second cradle 15 and used for fixing an engine blade clamp 23, and the blade clamp is used for fixing a blade; the motion forms of the two cradles are as follows: when the A rotation direction rotating shaft 18 rotates, the first cradle 33 is driven to do A rotation motion, meanwhile, the first cradle 33 can drive the second cradle 15 to do A rotation motion, and the second cradle 15 drives the engine blade clamp 23 and the engine blade 22 to do A rotation motion; when the rotating shaft 25 in the B direction rotates, the second cradle 15 is driven to rotate in the B direction, and the second cradle 15 drives the engine blade clamp 23 and the engine blade 22 to rotate in the B direction. The B-rotation axis 25 is fixed to the Y-direction side of the first cradle 33, and in order to balance the movement of the first cradle 33, the first cradle 33 needs to be reasonably weighted, and the weighting can be calculated through experiments and theoretical calculations. The Z-direction linear moving shaft 5 is fixed on the side surface of the lathe bed through a Z-axis support plate 4, the Z-direction linear moving shaft 5 is connected with a C-rotation-direction rotating shaft 12 through a Z-axis slide rail 6, an overhanging support plate 9 and a bearing box 13, the C-rotation-direction rotating shaft 12 transmits torque to an electrode clamp 14 through a C-rotation-direction rotating connecting shaft 41, a coupler 42 and a Z-rotation shaft 44, a balance weight rope 11 and a balance weight hanging hammer 3 are connected with the Z-direction lathe bed 2 in order to reduce the pressure of the bearing box 13 on the Z axis, and the mass of the balance weight hanging hammer 3 can be determined through experiments.

In order to realize the space motion of each motion mechanism, an A/D conversion card, an interelectrode state detection mechanism, a computer control system, a pulse generator, a vibration generator, a direct current power supply, a deionized water generating device, a deionized water spraying device and the like are matched to realize the air inlet and outlet edges of the electric spark machining blade, wherein the XYZABC six shafts adopt a moving shaft and a rotating shaft which are mutually independent, the motion among the shafts is not influenced mutually, the positioning and control precision of the shafts is high, the shafts are connected through a motion controller, and the accurate control of each moving shaft is realized by compiling a corresponding control program.

The discharge device is connected: the discharge equipment is connected according to fig. 4, wherein the two ends of the electrode and the blade are respectively connected with two stages of power supplies, and a signal acquisition device in the circuit can convert an electric signal into a digital signal in time, and finally the digital signal is displayed and controlled through a control program. The above is a detailed description of one embodiment of the present invention, but the above description is only a preferred example of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A six-axis electric spark machine tool with blades at air inlet and outlet sides is characterized in that a horizontal plane of a machine body (1) is provided with a first machine body positioning groove (32) and a second machine body positioning groove (37), the first machine body positioning groove (32) and the second machine body positioning groove (37) are used for fixing a Y-direction linear moving shaft (30) through a machine body connecting block (29), the Y-direction linear moving shaft (30) is connected with an X-direction linear moving shaft (36) through a Y-axis sliding rail (31), the X-direction linear moving shaft (36) is fixedly connected with a cradle connecting plate (27) through an X-axis sliding rail (28), and the cradle connecting plate (27) is fixedly connected with a first cradle supporting frame (16) and a second cradle supporting frame (35) through a connecting piece (24); the connecting piece (24) is used for reinforcing the first cradle support frame (16), and the first cradle support frame (16) fixes the A-rotation-direction rotating shaft (18) through the A-rotation-direction rotating motor support (17) so as to transmit torque to the first cradle (33); the first cradle support frame (16) and the second cradle support frame (35) are matched with the first connecting end cover (19) and the second connecting end cover (21) to connect the first cradle fixing plate a (20) and the first cradle fixing plate c (34), and the first cradle fixing plate B (38) and the first cradle fixing plate d (40) are connected with the B-turning rotating shaft (25) through the B-turning rotating motor support (26) in the Y direction to transfer torque to the B-turning second cradle (15); the bottom surface of the second cradle (15) is connected with a blade clamp (23) through a threaded hole, the blade clamp (23) clamps an engine blade (22), and the engine blade (22) is fixed in the second cradle (15) to drive the cradle to complete spatial position change; the Z-direction lathe bed (2) is connected with and fixes a Z-direction linear moving shaft (5) through a Z-axis supporting plate (4), the Z-direction linear moving shaft (5) is connected with a Z-axis direct connecting base plate (7) through a Z-axis sliding rail (6), and the Z-axis direct connecting base plate (7) supports and fixes a bearing box (13) through a fixed angle bracket (8) and a suspension supporting plate (9); the bearing box (13) supports and fixes the C-direction rotating shaft (12), and the C-direction rotating shaft (12) transmits torque to the electrode clamp (14) through the C-direction rotating connecting shaft (41), the coupler (42) and the Z-direction rotating shaft (44); an actuator clamping device (39) is arranged in the electrode clamp (14), wherein the upper part and the lower part of a Z-shaped rotating shaft (44) are respectively connected with a first rolling bearing (43) and a second rolling bearing (45), in order to ensure the stress balance of the Z-shaped linear moving shaft (5), a counterweight rope (11) is connected on the overhanging support plate (9), and the counterweight rope (11) suspends the counterweight hanging hammer (3) through a pulley (10);

the processing machine tool is provided with six shafts in space, an X-direction linear moving shaft (36), a Y-direction linear moving shaft (30), a Z-direction linear moving shaft (5), an A-direction rotating shaft (18), a B-direction rotating shaft (25) and a C-direction rotating shaft (12) are arranged in a rotating mode, the A-direction rotating shaft (18) drives a first cradle (33) and does A-direction rotating motion, the first cradle (33) drives a second cradle (15) to do A-direction rotating motion, and the B-direction rotating shaft (25) is used for driving the second cradle (15) to do B-direction rotating motion.

2. Blade edge six-axis edm machine according to claim 1, characterized in that counterweight hammers (3) are used to reduce the motion burden of the Z-axis moving shaft (5) in order to reduce the shaft burden.

3. Six-axis EDM machine with blades on the inlet and outlet sides, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, for the balancing of the movements, suitable counterweights are applied to the other side of the first cradle (33).

4. The six-axis EDM machine for machining air intake and exhaust sides of blades according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first cradle (33) is mainly composed of a bottom plate, four-sided cradle fixing plates, and fixed corner bracket reinforcing ribs, and the second cradle (15) is mainly composed of a bottom plate and four-sided cradle fixing plates.

5. The six-axis EDM machine for the air intake and exhaust sides of blades as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first cradle (33) is mainly composed of a bottom plate, four-sided cradle fixing plates, and fixed angle frame reinforcing ribs, and the second cradle (15) is mainly composed of a bottom plate and four-sided cradle fixing plates.