CN113216943A - Wireless electromagnetic wave transmission receiving and transmitting system for logging-while-drilling signals - Google Patents
Wireless electromagnetic wave transmission receiving and transmitting system for logging-while-drilling signals Download PDFInfo
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- CN113216943A CN113216943A CN202110566802.9A CN202110566802A CN113216943A CN 113216943 A CN113216943 A CN 113216943A CN 202110566802 A CN202110566802 A CN 202110566802A CN 113216943 A CN113216943 A CN 113216943A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wireless electromagnetic wave transmission receiving and transmitting system for logging-while-drilling signals, which comprises underground equipment and wellhead equipment, wherein the underground equipment is provided with a transmitting system and a receiving system, the transmitted signals comprise uplink signals and downlink signals, the wellhead equipment is provided with a transmitting system and a receiving system, a ground transmitting system transmits an instruction signal to an underground instrument, and the underground instrument responds correspondingly after receiving the instruction to transmit underground data. In order to avoid mutual interference of the down-transmitted signal and the up-transmitted signal, a transmission scheme with separated frequency and time is adopted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wireless electromagnetic wave transmission receiving and transmitting system for logging-while-drilling signals.
Background
The early oil exploitation technology means is simple, the exploitation depth is shallow, the development cost is high, logging while drilling has the advantages of high real-time performance, accurate underground formation parameters acquisition, high efficiency, low cost and the like, and the logging while drilling is a development trend of the logging technology, wherein an electromagnetic wave transmission mode is a hotspot of recent measurement while drilling technology development. In addition, the wireless electromagnetic wave transmission system for the logging-while-drilling signal has the advantages of high transmission rate and easiness in realizing bidirectional communication. The advanced radio electromagnetic wave measurement technology exists abroad, but the technology is always locked abroad, so that China needs to research the own electromagnetic wave measurement technology while drilling. At present, the electromagnetic wave transmission while drilling technology in China is in a test stage, the technology utilizes extremely low frequency electromagnetic waves to transmit data (resistivity, rock density, porosity, permeability, oil saturation, pore pressure and the like) measured by an underground directional and geological information sensor to the ground in real time, processes the uploaded data, and finally displays the measured data on a monitoring terminal. The underground transmitting system is realized by the principle that underground stratum parameter electric signals are subjected to coding modulation processing; then the power is amplified and then the electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the ground by a transmitting antenna; and the ground receiving system processes and detects the received signals and acquires underground measurement signals through demodulation and decoding.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a logging-while-drilling signal radio electromagnetic wave transmission receiving and transmitting system.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a wireless electromagnetic wave transmission receiving and transmitting system for logging-while-drilling signals comprises well head equipment, underground equipment and a receiving and transmitting antenna;
the wellhead equipment comprises a ground transmitting system and a ground receiving system which are used for transmitting electromagnetic signals and control instructions to the underground equipment and receiving return signals of the underground equipment, a processing module used for calculating the underground return signals and a front-end conditioning circuit used for preprocessing the received signals, wherein the ground transmitting system and the bottom surface receiving system share a transmitting and receiving antenna, the processing module is connected to the transmitting and receiving antenna through a digital-to-analog converter and the ground transmitting system in sequence to serve as a transmitting branch, and the transmitting and receiving antenna is connected to the processing module through the front-end conditioning circuit to serve as a receiving branch;
the downhole equipment comprises a transmitting system and a downhole electromagnetic signal receiving system, wherein the transmitting system and the downhole electromagnetic signal receiving system are used for transmitting the received electromagnetic signals back to the wellhead equipment according to control instructions of the wellhead equipment.
The beneficial effects of the above scheme are that, sharing receiving and dispatching antenna can practice thrift the cost, and it is more simple and convenient to realize receiving and dispatching operation, and two-way signal teletransmission in the pit aboveground, signal in the pit is controlled to the aboveground, selects suitable state to carry out signal transmission. Meanwhile, the underground emission state and the working state can be flexibly controlled by issuing the command on the ground, and the power consumption can be reduced.
Further, the processing module comprises an IO module, an analog-to-digital conversion module, a core control module and an SPI module, wherein the core control module is respectively connected to the IO module, the analog-to-digital conversion module and the SPI module, and is connected to the upper computer through the SPI module.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned scheme is that, after a series of module digital processing, can show data in real time at the host computer demonstration, the people of being convenient for analyze and observe.
Further, the front-end conditioning circuit comprises a first relay, a second relay, an isolation transformer, a front low noise amplifier and a multistage active band-pass filter, wherein the transceiver antenna is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion module of the processing module sequentially through the isolation transformer, the front low noise amplifier and the multistage active band-pass filter, and is connected to the IO module of the processing module through the first relay and the second relay; the second relay is also connected to the isolation transformer; the first relay is also connected to the ground launch system.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned scheme is that, the closure of two relays different moments can control separately going on of signal receiving and dispatching, owing to the receiving and dispatching sharing antenna, alright so can avoid the underground signal of receipt and the ground signal down not to play the conflict, avoids the damage of circuit. An isolation transformer is added to play an isolation role and play a role in isolating direct current signals.
Furthermore, the transceiving antenna comprises a first transceiving antenna and a second transceiving antenna, wherein one signal transceiving end of the first transceiving antenna is connected to a metal sleeve of a wellhead and is connected to the processing module through the front end conditioning circuit, the other transceiving end of the first transceiving antenna is connected to the grounding pile, one receiving and transmitting end of the second transceiving antenna is connected to the metal sleeve of the side vacancy wellhead and is connected to the processing module through the first relay and the second relay respectively, the other transceiving end of the second transceiving antenna is connected to the grounding pile, and the first transceiving antenna and the second transceiving antenna are in orthogonal connection at the grounding pile.
The beneficial effect of the above scheme is that the purpose of the connection mode is to process noise by using adaptive filtering, and to satisfy the processing mode, two paths of signals are required, that is, a dual-channel receiving circuit is required, so that another path of the same processing circuit is added to the receiving system to process the received noise signal S2, and the signal M2 is obtained after some processing of S2, and is used for subsequent adaptive filtering processing. (see fig. 4) has the advantages of effectively removing noise, improving the signal-to-noise ratio and being applicable to different test environments.
Further, when the transmitter is in the transmitting mode, the processing module controls the first relay to be turned on and the second relay to be turned off; when the receiving module is in a receiving mode, the processing module controls the first relay to be switched off and the second relay to be switched on.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned scheme is that, two kinds of receiving and dispatching modes have been controlled in the closure of two relays, avoid like this that the signal is received and is carried out and then produce the conflict and damage circuit arrangement simultaneously with the transmission.
Furthermore, the underground transmitting system comprises an underground transmitting plate and an underground DSP plate, wherein one end of the underground DSP plate is connected with the underground receiving system, and the other end of the underground DSP plate is connected with the receiving and transmitting antenna through the underground transmitting plate.
The technical scheme has the advantages that another modulation signal OFDM signal is generated in the DSP board and is input into the underground transmitting board, and the signal is amplified through the power amplifier in the transmitting board and then is transmitted out through the transmitting antenna. So that the downhole tool implements several different ways of signal modulation.
Furthermore, the underground transmitting plate comprises a UART interface, a single chip microcomputer, an analog switch and a power amplifier module, the underground transmitting plate adopts FSK modulation and OFDM signal modulation to process received electromagnetic signals, when FSK modulation is adopted, the electromagnetic signals transmitted from the underground DSP plate sequentially pass through the UART interface, the single chip microcomputer, the analog switch and the power amplifier module to be output to the receiving and transmitting antenna, and when OFDM modulation is adopted, the electromagnetic signals transmitted by the DSP plate are directly output to the receiving and transmitting antenna through the analog switch and the power amplifier module.
The beneficial effect of the above scheme is that the DSP board and the transmitting board are connected for communication, and the FSK signal and the OFDM signal can be sent selectively through the analog switch.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless electromagnetic wave transmission transceiving system for logging-while-drilling signals according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit relationship of a wireless electromagnetic wave transmission transceiver system for a logging-while-drilling signal according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a downhole apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the dual channel mode of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
A wireless electromagnetic wave transmission transceiving system for logging-while-drilling signals is shown in figure 1 and comprises wellhead equipment, downhole equipment and transceiving antennas;
the wellhead equipment comprises a ground transmitting system and a ground receiving system which are used for transmitting electromagnetic signals and control instructions to the underground equipment and receiving return signals of the underground equipment, a processing module used for calculating the underground return signals and a front-end conditioning circuit used for preprocessing the received signals, wherein the ground transmitting system and the bottom surface receiving system share a transmitting and receiving antenna, the processing module is connected to the transmitting and receiving antenna through a digital-to-analog converter and the ground transmitting system in sequence to serve as a transmitting branch, and the transmitting and receiving antenna is connected to the processing module through the front-end conditioning circuit to serve as a receiving branch;
the downhole equipment comprises a transmitting system and a downhole electromagnetic signal receiving system, wherein the transmitting system and the downhole electromagnetic signal receiving system are used for transmitting the received electromagnetic signals back to the wellhead equipment according to control instructions of the wellhead equipment.
The original system can realize the data uploading from the underground to the well, so the transmission is single, the controllability is lacked, the transmission of the underground data needs to be flexibly controlled in the practical engineering application, the whole transmission mechanism needs to be improved, in addition, the original ground receiving antenna receives signals at two ends of a sleeve and a grounding pile, because the impedance between the sleeve and the grounding pile is very large, the received signals are very weak, the receiving mode of the antenna needs to be improved, the resistance at two ends of the receiving antenna is reduced, and the amplitude of the received signals is improved.
The improved structure of the whole transmission system is schematically shown in the following figure 1. The underground instrument is provided with a transmitting system and a receiving system, the transmitted signals comprise uplink signals and downlink signals, the ground is provided with the transmitting system and the receiving system, the ground transmitting system transmits an instruction signal to the underground instrument, and the underground instrument transmits underground data after receiving the instruction. Two wire antennas on the ground can receive and transmit, one antenna is connected to a metal sleeve of a wellhead with an instrument, and the other antenna is connected to a metal sleeve of a wellhead with a vacant position beside, so that impedance between the two antennas is relatively small, and amplitude of a received signal is larger. In order to avoid mutual interference of the down-transmitted signal and the up-transmitted signal, a transmission scheme with separated frequency and time is adopted.
Further, the processing module comprises an IO module, an analog-to-digital conversion module, a core control module and an SPI module, wherein the core control module is respectively connected to the IO module, the analog-to-digital conversion module and the SPI module, and is connected to the upper computer through the SPI module.
Further, the front-end conditioning circuit comprises a first relay, a second relay, an isolation transformer, a front low noise amplifier and a multistage active band-pass filter, wherein the transceiver antenna is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion module of the processing module sequentially through the isolation transformer, the front low noise amplifier and the multistage active band-pass filter, and is connected to the IO module of the processing module through the first relay and the second relay; the second relay is also connected to the isolation transformer; the first relay is also connected to the ground launch system.
The ground front-end conditioning circuit mainly comprises a relay module, an isolation transformer module, a preposed low-noise instrument amplification module and a multistage active band-pass filter module. The ground front-end conditioning circuit carries out analog processing on weak signals received by the antenna, improves the signal-to-noise ratio, facilitates digital demodulation processing on target signals at the back and decodes correct signals.
The underground signal received by the receiving antenna is mixed with a direct current signal of a hundred millivolt level, if the underground signal directly enters a preamplifier, the amplifier is easily saturated, and the signal is distorted when the amplifier is subjected to multiple amplification. The front end of the amplifier is additionally provided with the transformer, so that the direct-current signal can be isolated, the high-frequency clutter interference can be inhibited, the signal quality is improved, and the rear-end signal can be effectively amplified without distortion.
The receiving system and the transmitting system are common antennas, which causes the transmitting and receiving systems to form a loop, with the result that the transmission and reception interfere with each other. The high-power signal emitted by the emitting system can reach dozens of hundreds of watts, and the receiving system can be directly burnt out if the high-power signal flows back to the front end of the receiving system, so that two relays are used for controlling the on-off of receiving and emitting, the relays can bear the high-power signal, and when the high-power signal is emitted, the relays S1 are controlled to be turned on and the relays S2 are controlled to be turned off through the DSP; when receiving, the DSP controls the relay S1 to be closed and the relay S2 to be opened.
The receiving and transmitting antenna comprises a first receiving and transmitting antenna and a second receiving and transmitting antenna, wherein one signal receiving and transmitting end of the first receiving and transmitting antenna is connected to a metal sleeve of a wellhead and is connected to the processing module through the front end conditioning circuit, the other receiving and transmitting end of the second receiving and transmitting antenna is connected to a ground pile, one receiving and transmitting end of the second receiving and transmitting antenna is connected to the metal sleeve of the side vacancy wellhead and is connected to the processing module through the first relay and the second relay, the other receiving and transmitting end of the second receiving and transmitting antenna is connected to the ground pile, and the first receiving and transmitting antenna and the second receiving and transmitting antenna are in orthogonal connection at the ground pile.
When the wireless terminal is in a transmitting mode, the processing module controls the first relay to be switched on and the second relay to be switched off; when the receiving module is in a receiving mode, the processing module controls the first relay to be switched off and the second relay to be switched on.
The underground transmitting system comprises an underground transmitting plate and an underground DSP plate, as shown in figure 3, one end of the underground DSP plate is connected with the underground receiving system, and the other end of the underground DSP plate is connected with the receiving and transmitting antenna through the underground transmitting plate.
The underground transmitting plate comprises a UART interface, a single chip microcomputer, an analog switch and a power amplifier module, the underground transmitting plate adopts FSK modulation and OFDM signal modulation to process received electromagnetic signals, when FSK modulation is adopted, the electromagnetic signals transmitted from the underground DSP plate sequentially pass through the UART interface, the single chip microcomputer, the analog switch and the power amplifier module to be output to a receiving and transmitting antenna, and when OFM modulation is adopted, the electromagnetic signals transmitted by the DSP plate are directly output to the receiving and transmitting antenna through the analog switch and the power amplifier module.
The transmitting and receiving system can realize that the surface system controls the state of underground emission. The ground system can make the underground system transmit gain and frequency after identification by means of the transmission of DBPSK signals, and different transmission frequencies can realize signal transmission at different rates. For the modulation mode control of the underground signals, fsk modulation and ofdm signal modulation circuit modulation boards are respectively used, and a specific underground signal transmission mode is selected through the on-off control of an analog switch. The DSP board generates ofdm signals, the single chip microcomputer generates fsk signals, and the single chip microcomputer receives information from the DSP board and then controls on-off selection of the analog switch to send out the ofdm signals or the fsk signals. The control of the gain and frequency of the transmitted signal is also transmitted to the singlechip through the DSP board, so that corresponding control is performed.
Based on the above manner, as shown in fig. 4, after analog amplification and filtering are performed on signals S1 and S2 received by the orthogonal two antennas, the signals enter the FPGA and are subjected to digital processing to obtain signals M1 and M2, and then adaptive filtering is performed on the signals M1 and M2 to extract a useful signal U.
The dual-channel receiving adopts an orthogonal antenna to receive two paths of signals, the S1 signal is a mixed signal formed by superposing a useful signal U and a noise signal S3, and U is a magnetic field E emitted from the undergroundrConverted electrical signal, U ═ Erdl, S1 ═ U + S3; the S2 signal is a noise signal received by the other antenna, and since the antenna corresponding to S2 is orthogonal to the antenna corresponding to S1, only the noise signal can be received, and S2 can be approximated to S3.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A wireless electromagnetic wave transmission receiving and transmitting system for logging-while-drilling signals is characterized by comprising wellhead equipment, underground equipment and a receiving and transmitting antenna;
the wellhead equipment comprises a ground transmitting system and a ground receiving system which are used for transmitting electromagnetic signals and control instructions to the underground equipment and receiving return signals of the underground equipment, a processing module used for calculating the underground return signals and a front-end conditioning circuit used for preprocessing the received signals, wherein the ground transmitting system and the ground receiving system share a transmitting and receiving antenna, the processing module is connected to the transmitting and receiving antenna through a digital-to-analog converter and the ground transmitting system in sequence to serve as a transmitting branch, and the transmitting and receiving antenna is connected to the processing module through the front-end conditioning circuit to serve as a receiving branch;
the downhole equipment comprises a transmitting system and a downhole electromagnetic signal receiving system, wherein the transmitting system and the downhole electromagnetic signal receiving system are used for transmitting the received electromagnetic signals back to the wellhead equipment according to control instructions of the wellhead equipment.
2. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the processing module comprises an IO module, an analog-to-digital conversion module, a core control module and a serial communication module, wherein the core control module is connected to the IO module, the analog-to-digital conversion module and the serial communication module, respectively, and connected to the upper computer through the serial communication module.
3. The system as recited in claim 2, wherein the front-end conditioning circuit comprises a first relay, a second relay, an isolation transformer, a front-mounted low noise amplifier and a multistage active band pass filter, wherein the transceiver antenna is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion module of the processing module sequentially through the isolation transformer, the front-mounted low noise amplifier and the multistage active band pass filter, and is connected to the IO module of the processing module through the first relay and the second relay; the second relay is also connected to the isolation transformer; the first relay is also connected to the ground launch system.
4. The system as recited in claim 3, wherein the transceiver antennas comprise a first transceiver antenna and a second transceiver antenna, wherein one transceiver end of the first transceiver antenna is connected to a metal sleeve of a wellhead and connected to the processing module through the front end conditioning circuit, the other transceiver end of the first transceiver antenna is connected to a ground stub, one receiving end of the second transceiver antenna is connected to the metal sleeve of the side vacant wellhead and connected to the processing module through the first relay and the second relay respectively and connected to a transmitting system through the first relay, the other transceiver end of the second transceiver antenna is connected to the ground stub, and the first transceiver antenna and the second transceiver antenna are orthogonally connected at the ground stub.
5. The system for transmitting and receiving logging-while-drilling signals through radio-electromagnetic waves according to claim 4, wherein when in a transmitting mode, the processing module controls the first relay to be on and the second relay to be off; when the receiving module is in a receiving mode, the processing module controls the first relay to be switched off and the second relay to be switched on.
6. The system as recited in claim 5, wherein the downhole transmitting system comprises a downhole transmitting board and a downhole DSP board, wherein one end of the downhole DSP board is connected to the downhole receiving system, and the other end of the downhole DSP board is connected to the transmitting and receiving antenna through the downhole transmitting board.
7. The system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the downhole transmitting plate comprises a UART interface, a single-chip microcomputer, an analog switch and a power amplifier module, the downhole transmitting plate processes the received electromagnetic signals by FSK modulation and OFDM signal modulation, when FSK modulation is adopted, the electromagnetic signals transmitted from the downhole transmitting plate are generated from the single-chip microcomputer and output to the transceiving antenna through the analog switch and the power amplifier module in sequence, and when OFDM modulation is adopted, the electromagnetic signals transmitted from the DSP plate are output to the transceiving antenna through the UART interface, the single-chip microcomputer, the analog switch and the power amplifier module in sequence.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN113593213A (en) * | 2021-09-05 | 2021-11-02 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | Ground transmitting device and method suitable for wireless remote measuring system for drilling |
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