CN113177168A - Positioning method based on Web element attribute characteristics - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a positioning method based on Web element attribute characteristics, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: determining the attribute name to be verified according to different types of target elements; step two: acquiring a characteristic value of a target element; step three: XPath is constructed according to element characteristic values. The Web element attribute feature-based positioning method adopts the feature attribute of a target element as positioning information, the obtained feature attribute of the element is irrelevant to a Dom structure and a page display style, the feature attribute of the element is mostly used for indicating the service purpose of the element (for example, the feature attribute value of a common submission button is Type and Submit), the feature attribute of the element is stable and unchanged after the Dom structure and the page style are changed, different feature attributes are read for different types of elements in a customized manner, and the unique feature attribute value of the target element on the page can be obtained by utilizing a dynamic feature attribute extraction algorithm, so that more robust element positioning is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of element positioning, in particular to a positioning method based on Web element attribute characteristics.
Background
RPA (robotic Process Automation), namely, robotic Process Automation. It is a work mode to replace manpower, used to relieve manpower in repeating tedious and regular workflow. The realization of robot process automation refers to non-invasive automation, i.e. different recognition techniques are used to locate the target element, not in the form of injected code.
In the product function of RPA, the accurate positioning element is a basic core function, in the field of Web automation, the traditional Web element positioning method mostly uses the traversal path from the target element to the root node based on the page Dom structure as the characteristic value (the traversal path is HTML- > BODY- > DIV- > DIV [2] - > SPAN), as the modern Web page display content is more and more complex and the interactive display is more and more abundant, the current Web mainstream frameworks (React, Vue and Angular) all adopt a Virtual-Dom technology to improve the performance, the technology realizes high-performance Web interactive display by dynamically controlling the addition and deletion change control of the Dom elements, and the addition and deletion of the dynamic Dom elements can cause the change of a traversal path from a root node to a target element, so that the elements cannot be correctly positioned during page automation and the automation operation cannot be completed; in addition, as the Web technology is continuously matured, Web development is gradually normalized and modularized, in order to ensure that the experience of cross-browsers is consistent, different browsers (Chrome/Firefox/Edge) have the same appearance and interaction, and the rendered Dom elements and styles of the same component in different browser types or even different release versions of the same browser type are different, which also causes that page automation cannot correctly position elements due to the fact that a user changes the browser or the browser version is upgraded, and cannot complete automation operation.
Therefore, we propose a positioning method based on the attribute characteristics of Web elements so as to solve the problems proposed in the above.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a positioning method based on Web element attribute characteristics, so as to solve the problem that most positioning methods proposed in the background art can cause that page automation cannot correctly position elements and cannot complete automation operation due to browser replacement or browser version upgrading of a user.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a Web element positioning method selects characteristic attribute values according to optimization of different elements and utilizes the characteristic attribute values to construct a target element XPath query character string, wherein the Web element positioning method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the attribute name to be verified according to different types of target elements;
step two: acquiring a characteristic value of a target element;
step three: XPath is constructed according to element characteristic values.
Preferably, in the first step, when determining the attribute name to be verified, the element attribute is first divided into a generic attribute and a proprietary attribute, where:
the general attributes refer to attributes that are ubiquitous and frequently used in HTML elements, and are as follows: an element ID attribute field, the attribute specifying a unique identifier for the element; name, element Name field, which specifies the Name of the element; a Title, namely an element Title field, which is commonly used for explaining the use purpose of the element, and when a mouse is hovered on the element, a text displayed by a prompt box; text is the Text inside the element;
the special attribute refers to reading the attribute specific to the element according to different element types, and the specific attribute is as follows:
input HTMLE element specific attribute: type is used for indicating the content of the Input element used for inputting or whether the Input element is a form submission operation or not;
img HTMLE element specific attribute: src, wherein the attribute specifies a file path of the embedded picture; alt, the attribute specifies the text description of the image, and the alternative text when the image can not be presented or the text is used for the screen reader to read the description to the user for listening;
iframe HTMLE element-specific attribute: src is the embedded page address;
a HTMLE element-specific attribute: href, including URL or URL fragment pointed by hyperlink; target specifies where to display the linked resource;
and finally, obtaining the ArrList according to the target element general attribute and the proprietary attribute.
Preferably, the specific process of acquiring the feature value of the target element in the second step includes:
(1) constructing a target element characteristic attribute AMap and an integer Count for recording the number of elements which can be matched through the current AMap in the whole situation, wherein the initial value is infinite;
(2) acquiring current attribute names K from the Attrlist one by one, acquiring a value V corresponding to the current element attribute name K, and adding the value V into the AMap; globally searching elements which can be matched with all attributes in the AMap, recording the number N of the elements meeting the conditions at present, and if the value of N is not less than Count at this time, indicating that the addition of the current attribute K does not enable the target element to be positioned more accurately, deleting the attribute K and the corresponding V from the AMap at this time; otherwise, updating the value of the Count to be the number N of the elements meeting the condition at present, and executing the step circularly until all attributes in the Attrlist are traversed, or only the target element can be matched uniquely through the attributes in the AMap;
(3) checking the Count field, if the field is 1, indicating that the target element can be uniquely positioned through the AMap, wherein the attribute value in the AMap at the moment is the characteristic value of the target element; if the field is greater than 1, it indicates that there are other elements in the page that satisfy the attribute value in the AMap, and at this time, a feature value needs to be further added to uniquely determine the target element, here, a deep traversal algorithm based on a Dom tree structure is adopted to obtain all element lists ElementArray that satisfy the attribute value of the AMap, and a position Index of the target element in the ElementArray is recorded, and at this time, the Index and all the attribute values in the AMap can be used as the feature value of the target element.
Preferably, in the third step, the XPath refers to an XML path language, which can be used to detect whether a certain node in the document matches with a certain pattern (pattern), and provides rich functions, which can flexibly support multiple attribute matching, and furthermore, the main stream browser supports XPath.
Preferably, the element attribute feature value obtained in the second step is used to construct an XPath character string of the target element, where the XPath is a positioning feature value obtained based on the attribute of the element, and the target element can also be stably positioned after the structure of the Html page is changed.
Preferably, the first step and the second step select the element with obvious characteristics as an anchor element, generate an attribute characteristic set, and generate an XPath unique positioning target element according to the relative position of the anchor element to the target element in the third step.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the Web element attribute feature-based positioning method adopts the feature attribute of a target element as positioning information, the obtained feature attribute of the element is irrelevant to a Dom structure and a page display style, and the feature attribute of the element is mostly used for indicating the service purpose of the element (for example, the feature attribute value of a common submission button is Type and Submit), and the feature attribute of the element is stable and unchanged after the Dom structure and the page style are changed.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a process of obtaining a feature attribute name of a target element according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process of extracting a feature attribute of a target element by using a dynamic feature attribute extraction algorithm according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution: a Web element positioning method selects characteristic attribute values according to optimization of different elements and utilizes the characteristic attribute values to construct a target element XPath query character string, wherein the Web element positioning method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the attribute name to be verified according to different types of target elements;
step two: acquiring a characteristic value of a target element;
step three: XPath is constructed according to element characteristic values.
Further, in the first step, when determining the attribute name to be verified, the element attribute is first divided into a generic attribute and a proprietary attribute, where:
the general attributes refer to attributes that are ubiquitous and frequently used in HTML elements, and are as follows: an element ID attribute field, the attribute specifying a unique identifier for the element; name, element Name field, which specifies the Name of the element; a Title, namely an element Title field, which is commonly used for explaining the use purpose of the element, and when a mouse is hovered on the element, a text displayed by a prompt box; text is the Text inside the element;
the special attribute refers to reading the attribute specific to the element according to different element types, and the specific attribute is as follows:
input HTMLE element specific attribute: type is used for indicating the content of the Input element used for inputting or whether the Input element is a form submission operation or not;
img HTMLE element specific attribute: src, wherein the attribute specifies a file path of the embedded picture; alt, the attribute specifies the text description of the image, and the alternative text when the image can not be presented or the text is used for the screen reader to read the description to the user for listening;
iframe HTMLE element-specific attribute: src is the embedded page address;
a HTMLE element-specific attribute: href, including URL or URL fragment pointed by hyperlink; target specifies where to display the linked resource;
and finally, obtaining the ArrList according to the target element general attribute and the proprietary attribute.
Further, the specific process of obtaining the feature value of the target element in the second step includes:
(1) constructing a target element characteristic attribute AMap and an integer Count for recording the number of elements which can be matched through the current AMap in the whole situation, wherein the initial value is infinite;
(2) acquiring current attribute names K from the Attrlist one by one, acquiring a value V corresponding to the current element attribute name K, and adding the value V into the AMap; globally searching elements which can be matched with all attributes in the AMap, recording the number N of the elements meeting the conditions at present, and if the value of N is not less than Count at this time, indicating that the addition of the current attribute K does not enable the target element to be positioned more accurately, deleting the attribute K and the corresponding V from the AMap at this time; otherwise, updating the value of the Count to be the number N of the elements meeting the condition at present; circularly executing the step until all attributes in the Attrlist are traversed, or only the target element can be uniquely matched through the attributes in the AMap;
(3) checking the Count field, if the field is 1, indicating that the target element can be uniquely positioned through the AMap, wherein the attribute value in the AMap at the moment is the characteristic value of the target element; if the field is greater than 1, it indicates that there are other elements in the page that satisfy the attribute value in the AMap, and at this time, a feature value needs to be further added to uniquely determine the target element, here, a deep traversal algorithm based on a Dom tree structure is adopted to obtain all element lists ElementArray that satisfy the attribute value of the AMap, and a position Index of the target element in the ElementArray is recorded, and at this time, the Index and all the attribute values in the AMap can be used as the feature value of the target element.
Furthermore, in the third step of the present invention, the XPath refers to an XML path language, which can be used to detect whether a certain node in a document is matched with a certain pattern (pattern), and provides rich functions, which can flexibly support multiple attribute matching, and furthermore, the main stream browser supports XPath.
Furthermore, the method includes the step two of obtaining the element attribute feature value, and constructing an XPath character string of the target element, wherein the XPath is a positioning feature value obtained based on the element attribute, and the target element can be stably positioned after the structure of the Html page is changed.
In a further aspect of the invention, said first and second steps select the distinctive feature element as an anchor element to generate an attribute feature set, and in step three, generate an XPath unique positioning target element based on the relative position of the anchor element to the target element.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, and for example, the flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, methods and computer program products according to embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
It should be noted that in the description of the present specification, reference to the description of the term "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "an example", "a specific example", or "some examples", etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples, which are described in this specification in connection with system embodiments that are relatively simple to describe as they are substantially similar to method embodiments, as may be described in connection with part of this specification. The above-described system embodiments are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components suggested as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
In addition, functional modules in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module may exist separately, or two or more modules may be integrated to form an independent part.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application or portions thereof that substantially contribute to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes. It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A positioning method based on Web element attribute features is characterized in that: the Web element positioning method selects characteristic attribute values according to optimization of different elements and utilizes the characteristic attribute values to construct an XPath query character string of a target element, wherein the Web element positioning method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the attribute name to be verified according to different types of target elements;
step two: acquiring a characteristic value of a target element;
step three: XPath is constructed according to element characteristic values.
2. The positioning method based on the attribute characteristics of the Web elements as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, when determining the attribute name to be verified, the element attribute is firstly divided into a general attribute and a special attribute, wherein:
the general attributes refer to attributes that are ubiquitous and frequently used in HTML elements, and are as follows: an element ID attribute field, the attribute specifying a unique identifier for the element; name, element Name field, which specifies the Name of the element; a Title, namely an element Title field, which is commonly used for explaining the use purpose of the element, and when a mouse is hovered on the element, a text displayed by a prompt box; text is the Text inside the element;
the special attribute refers to reading the attribute specific to the element according to different element types, and the specific attribute is as follows:
input HTMLE element specific attribute: type is used for indicating the content of the Input element used for inputting or whether the Input element is a form submission operation or not;
img HTMLE element specific attribute: src, wherein the attribute specifies a file path of the embedded picture; alt, the attribute specifies the text description of the image, and the alternative text when the image can not be presented or the text is used for the screen reader to read the description to the user for listening;
iframe HTMLE element-specific attribute: src is the embedded page address;
a HTMLE element-specific attribute: href, including URL or URL fragment pointed by hyperlink; target specifies where to display the linked resource;
and finally, obtaining the ArrList according to the target element general attribute and the proprietary attribute.
3. The positioning method based on the attribute characteristics of the Web elements as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific process for acquiring the characteristic value of the target element in the second step includes:
(1) constructing a target element characteristic attribute AMap and an integer Count for recording the number of elements which can be matched through the current AMap in the whole situation, wherein the initial value is infinite;
(2) acquiring current attribute names K from the Attrlist one by one, acquiring a value V corresponding to the current element attribute name K, and adding the value V into the AMap; globally searching elements which can be matched with all attributes in the AMap, recording the number N of the elements meeting the conditions at present, and if the value of N is not less than Count at this time, indicating that the addition of the current attribute K does not enable the target element to be positioned more accurately, deleting the attribute K and the corresponding V from the AMap at this time; otherwise, updating the value of the Count to be the number N of the elements meeting the condition at present; circularly executing the step until all attributes in the Attrlist are traversed, or only the target element can be uniquely matched through the attributes in the AMap;
(3) checking the Count field, if the field is 1, indicating that the target element can be uniquely positioned through the AMap, wherein the attribute value in the AMap at the moment is the characteristic value of the target element; if the field is greater than 1, it indicates that there are other elements in the page that satisfy the attribute value in the AMap, and at this time, a feature value needs to be further added to uniquely determine the target element, here, a deep traversal algorithm based on a Dom tree structure is adopted to obtain all element lists ElementArray that satisfy the attribute value of the AMap, and a position Index of the target element in the ElementArray is recorded, and at this time, the Index and all the attribute values in the AMap can be used as the feature value of the target element.
4. The positioning method based on the attribute characteristics of the Web elements as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the XPath refers to an XML path language, which can be used to detect whether a certain node in a document is matched with a certain pattern (pattern), and provides rich functions, which can flexibly support multiple attribute matching, and also supports XPath in a mainstream browser.
5. The positioning method based on the attribute characteristics of the Web elements as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and constructing an XPath character string of the target element by using the element attribute characteristic value obtained in the step two, wherein the XPath is a positioning characteristic value obtained based on the attribute of the element, and the target element can be stably positioned after the structure of the Html page is changed.
6. The positioning method based on the attribute characteristics of the Web elements as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the first step and the second step, the element with obvious characteristics is selected as an anchor element, an attribute characteristic set is generated, and in the third step, an XPath unique positioning target element is generated according to the relative position of the anchor element to the target element.
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