CN113163381B - Intelligent lamp supporting rapid distribution network and implementation method thereof - Google Patents
Intelligent lamp supporting rapid distribution network and implementation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113163381B CN113163381B CN202110409938.9A CN202110409938A CN113163381B CN 113163381 B CN113163381 B CN 113163381B CN 202110409938 A CN202110409938 A CN 202110409938A CN 113163381 B CN113163381 B CN 113163381B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/80—Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/06—Authentication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
- H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
- H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
- H05B47/19—Controlling the light source by remote control via wireless transmission
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
- Y02B20/40—Control techniques providing energy savings, e.g. smart controller or presence detection
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent lamp supporting a rapid distribution network, which comprises an AC/DC circuit, wherein the output end of the AC/DC circuit is respectively connected with the input end of a DC voltage reduction circuit, the Vin end of a dimming driving circuit and the anode of a light source LED, the output end of the DC voltage reduction circuit is respectively connected with a Bluetooth chip and the VCC end of the dimming driving circuit, the PWM output end of the Bluetooth chip is connected with the PWM input end of the dimming driving circuit, and the OUT end of the dimming driving circuit is connected with the cathode of the light source LED; the invention also discloses a realization method of the intelligent lamp supporting the rapid distribution network. After the Bluetooth lamp passes authentication, after the unicast address issued by the intelligent terminal is stored, the Bluetooth lamp automatically defines the lighting model binding application secret key of all elements for the Bluetooth Mesh specification, subscribes the corresponding multicast address according to user configuration, optimizes the interaction flow of the intelligent terminal and the intelligent terminal, and reduces the network distribution time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rapid distribution network and control of intelligent lamps, and particularly relates to an intelligent lamp supporting rapid distribution network and an implementation method thereof.
Background
Along with the continuous development and mature application of the internet of things technology, more and more intelligent products are available, in the field of intelligent home, equipment occupied by the lighting lamp occupies more than 2/3, good lighting experience can be obtained and networking linkage of intelligent home equipment is realized after intelligent control is added, and the intelligent home equipment is popular among consumers. In practical applications, however, intelligent lamps face the following problems:
1. most of intelligent terminal equipment only supports WiFi and Bluetooth wireless communication, if other wireless communication protocols are adopted, gateway equipment is required to be added, and the additional configuration of a gateway increases the cost and restricts the consumption capacity;
2. in order to avoid gateway equipment, the intelligent lamp adopting the Bluetooth Mesh networking technology can reduce cost. However, the smart phones on the market do not support the PB_ADV mode to perform network distribution and control on the lighting fixtures, but only the GATT connection is established through Proxy node equipment, so that the time consumption is long, and the use experience is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent lamp supporting a rapid distribution network so as to solve the problems in the background technology. The intelligent lamp supporting the rapid distribution network has the characteristic of rapid distribution network.
The invention further aims to provide an implementation method of the intelligent lamp supporting the rapid distribution network.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an implementation method of an intelligent lamp supporting a rapid distribution network comprises the following steps:
periodically broadcasting unassigned network information by the Bluetooth lamp;
secondly, scanning Bluetooth broadcasting through the intelligent terminal, acquiring information of Bluetooth lamps which are not connected with the network, and generating random data;
thirdly, the random data are respectively sent to the Bluetooth lamp and the server;
fourthly, the Bluetooth lamp extracts secret key information and random numbers to carry out verification calculation, and the server carries out verification calculation through secret key information retrieval;
fifthly, sending calculation results of the Bluetooth lamp and the server to the intelligent terminal for comparison, and entering a Bluetooth Mesh authentication distribution network flow if verification is passed, wherein the Bluetooth lamp and the intelligent terminal perform authentication and distribution network data interaction;
sixthly, after the intelligent terminal is successfully allocated with the network, sending a unicast address to the Bluetooth lamp, and uploading network allocation data to a server;
seventhly, after the authentication of the Bluetooth lamp is passed, storing a unicast address, defining lighting model binding application keys of all elements for the Bluetooth Mesh specification by itself, and subscribing a corresponding multicast address according to user configuration;
after the network distribution is completed, the intelligent terminal sends a control command data packet to the Bluetooth lamp, and the Bluetooth lamp analyzes the data packet to extract control information;
ninth, executing dimming control and sending an analysis completion command to the intelligent terminal;
and (tenth), the intelligent terminal displays the control success information.
In the method for realizing the intelligent lamp supporting the rapid network allocation, in the step (four), the key information is generated by the server and is downloaded and burnt into a Bluetooth chip in the Bluetooth lamp for storage.
In the method for implementing the intelligent lamp supporting the rapid distribution network, in the step (seventh), after the authentication of the Bluetooth lamp is passed, the Bluetooth broadcast is turned off.
In the method for implementing the intelligent lamp supporting the rapid distribution network, in the step (eight), the control command data packet comprises a unicast address, a control type, a dimming parameter and a Mesh networking hop count.
The intelligent lamp supporting the rapid distribution network comprises an AC/DC circuit, a DC voltage reduction circuit, a Bluetooth chip, a dimming driving circuit and a light source LED, wherein the output end of the AC/DC circuit is respectively connected with the input end of the DC voltage reduction circuit, the Vin end of the dimming driving circuit and the anode of the light source LED, the output end of the DC voltage reduction circuit is respectively connected with the Bluetooth chip and the VCC end of the dimming driving circuit, the PWM output end of the Bluetooth chip is connected with the PWM input end of the dimming driving circuit, the RF_OUT end of the Bluetooth chip is connected with an antenna, and the OUT end of the dimming driving circuit is connected with the cathode of the light source LED.
In the invention, the intelligent lamp supporting the rapid distribution network further comprises an isolation diode, wherein the positive electrode of the isolation diode is connected with the output end of the AC/DC circuit, and the negative electrode of the isolation diode is connected with the input end of the DC voltage reduction circuit.
In the invention, the intelligent lamp supporting the rapid distribution network further comprises a clock circuit, and the clock circuit is connected with the CLK end of the Bluetooth chip.
In the invention, the intelligent lamp supporting the rapid distribution network further comprises an impedance matching circuit, wherein the impedance matching circuit is connected in series between the RF_OUT terminal of the Bluetooth chip and the antenna.
In the invention, the intelligent lamp supporting the rapid distribution network, the AC/DC circuit, the DC voltage reduction circuit, the Bluetooth chip, the dimming driving circuit and the light source LED are all arranged on the aluminum substrate.
In the invention, the Bluetooth chip is connected below the aluminum substrate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the Bluetooth lamp and the intelligent terminal can realize network distribution and control directly through Bluetooth broadcasting, and Bluetooth GATT connection is not required to be established, so that the network distribution efficiency is effectively improved;
2. after the Bluetooth lamp passes authentication, after the unicast address issued by the intelligent terminal is saved, the Bluetooth lamp automatically defines the lighting Model binding AppKey (application secret key) of all elements for the Bluetooth Mesh specification, subscribes the corresponding multicast address according to user configuration, optimizes the interaction flow of the intelligent terminal and the intelligent terminal, and reduces the network allocation time;
3. the key information is generated by the server, downloaded and burnt into a Bluetooth chip in the Bluetooth lamp for storage, and the key information is used for network distribution authentication in a one-machine-one-number mode, so that networking safety is ensured;
4. after the authentication of the Bluetooth lamp is passed, the Bluetooth broadcast is turned off, so that the purposes of reducing power consumption and enhancing network safety are achieved;
5. according to the invention, the output end of the AC/DC circuit is isolated from the input end of the DC voltage reduction circuit through the isolation diode, when the power supply is powered off, the filter electrolytic capacitor of the AC/DC circuit can be prevented from discharging the DC voltage reduction circuit, the DC voltage reduction circuit can be ensured to rapidly discharge when the power supply is powered off, and the Bluetooth lamp can be ensured to perform operations such as factory reset, dimming switching and the like in a rapid switching power supply mode;
6. according to the invention, the impedance matching between the RF_OUT end and the antenna part is ensured by the impedance matching circuit, so that the working efficiency of the antenna is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a distribution flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a control flow diagram of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a bluetooth lamp according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-4, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an implementation method of an intelligent lamp supporting a rapid distribution network comprises the following steps:
periodically broadcasting unassigned network information by the Bluetooth lamp;
secondly, scanning Bluetooth broadcasting through an intelligent terminal (a smart phone or a tablet) to acquire information of Bluetooth lamps which are not connected with the network, and generating random data;
thirdly, the random data are respectively sent to the Bluetooth lamp and the server;
fourthly, the Bluetooth lamp extracts secret key information and random numbers to carry out verification calculation, and the server carries out verification calculation through secret key information retrieval;
fifthly, sending calculation results of the Bluetooth lamp and the server to the intelligent terminal for comparison, and entering a Bluetooth Mesh authentication distribution network flow if verification is passed, wherein the Bluetooth lamp and the intelligent terminal perform authentication and distribution network data interaction;
sixthly, after the intelligent terminal is successfully allocated with the network, sending a unicast address to the Bluetooth lamp, and uploading network allocation data to a server;
seventhly, after the authentication of the Bluetooth lamp is passed, storing a unicast address, defining lighting model binding application keys of all elements for the Bluetooth Mesh specification by itself, and subscribing a corresponding multicast address according to user configuration;
after the network distribution is completed, the intelligent terminal sends a control command data packet to the Bluetooth lamp, and the Bluetooth lamp analyzes the data packet to extract control information;
ninth, executing dimming control and sending an analysis completion command to the intelligent terminal;
and (tenth), the intelligent terminal displays the control success information.
In the third step, the key information is generated by the server and downloaded and burnt into a bluetooth chip in the bluetooth lamp for storage.
By adopting the technical scheme, the secret key information adopts a one-machine-one-number mode and is used for network distribution authentication, so that the networking safety is ensured.
In the method for implementing the intelligent lamp supporting the rapid distribution network, in the step (seventh), after the authentication of the Bluetooth lamp is passed, the Bluetooth broadcast is turned off.
By adopting the technical scheme, the purposes of reducing power consumption and enhancing network security are achieved.
In the step (eight), the control command data packet includes a unicast address, a control type, a dimming parameter, and a Mesh networking hop count.
Example 2
Further, the intelligent lamp supporting the rapid distribution network comprises an AC/DC circuit, a DC voltage reduction circuit, a Bluetooth chip, a dimming driving circuit and a light source LED, wherein the output end of the AC/DC circuit is respectively connected with the input end of the DC voltage reduction circuit, the Vin end of the dimming driving circuit and the anode of the light source LED, the output end of the DC voltage reduction circuit is respectively connected with the Bluetooth chip and the VCC end of the dimming driving circuit to provide a working power supply of the corresponding circuit, the PWM output end of the Bluetooth chip is connected with the PWM input end of the dimming driving circuit, the current regulation of the dimming driving circuit is realized through PWM dimming signals, the aim of dimming is achieved, the RF_OUT end of the Bluetooth chip is connected with an antenna, and the OUT end of the dimming driving circuit is connected with the cathode of the light source LED.
Further, the DC-DC converter further comprises an isolation diode, wherein the positive electrode of the isolation diode is connected with the output end of the AC/DC circuit, and the negative electrode of the isolation diode is connected with the input end of the DC voltage reduction circuit.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, keep apart the output of AC/DC circuit and DC step-down circuit's input, can prevent that the filter electrolytic capacitor of AC/DC circuit from discharging DC step-down circuit when the power is cut off, ensure that DC step-down circuit can discharge fast when cutting off the power, guarantee that bluetooth lamp can carry out operation such as factory reset and dimming switch through quick switching power supply's mode.
Further, the Bluetooth chip also comprises a clock circuit, and the clock circuit is connected with the CLK end of the Bluetooth chip.
By adopting the technical scheme, the clock circuit consists of the Bluetooth SOC on-chip oscillating circuit and the external crystal oscillator circuit, and generates a 32MHz sine wave signal for providing the Bluetooth SOC clock.
Further, the device also comprises an impedance matching circuit, the impedance matching circuit is connected in series between the RF_OUT terminal of the Bluetooth chip and the antenna.
By adopting the technical scheme, the impedance matching from the RF_OUT end to the antenna part is ensured, and the working efficiency of the antenna is improved.
Example 3
This embodiment differs from embodiment 2 in that: further, the AC/DC circuit, the DC step-down circuit, the Bluetooth chip, the dimming driving circuit and the light source LED are all arranged on the aluminum substrate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the Bluetooth chip and the peripheral circuit part adopt modularized design, the dimming driving circuit and the light source LED are designed on the same aluminum substrate, and the space of the aluminum substrate is reasonably utilized.
Further, bluetooth chip connects in the below of aluminium base board, and bluetooth lamp body adopts heat dissipation plastic construction.
By adopting the technical scheme, the problem that the antenna is positioned above the aluminum substrate to cause light spot influence is solved by adopting a flip-chip mode; meanwhile, the Bluetooth chip can be far away from a heat source emitted by the light source LED, and is connected with the dimming electric drive circuit and the light source board LED in a reverse hook type socket mode, bluetooth signals are communicated with the outside through penetrating the plastic shell, and therefore the cost of the whole lamp is effectively reduced.
In the invention, a Bluetooth chip is selected from a TG7110B chip of a boiler micro company, a clock circuit is composed of an on-chip clock circuit of the Bluetooth chip and a peripheral 32M crystal oscillator circuit, and the crystal oscillator circuit adopts a passive crystal oscillator of 32 MHz; the impedance matching circuit adopts a pi-shaped circuit; the dimming driving circuit adopts a BP5711 type linear dimming chip of a crystal Feng Mingyuan as a core circuit; the DC voltage reduction circuit adopts a BP8501 type high voltage reduction chip of a crystal Feng Mingyuan as a core circuit, and the power supply outputs 3.3V; the light source LED adopts 2835 light sources of wood Lin Sen.
In summary, the Bluetooth lamp and the intelligent terminal can realize network distribution and control directly through Bluetooth broadcasting without establishing Bluetooth GATT connection, thereby effectively improving network distribution efficiency; after the Bluetooth lamp passes authentication, after the unicast address issued by the intelligent terminal is saved, the Bluetooth lamp automatically defines the lighting Model binding AppKey (application secret key) of all elements for the Bluetooth Mesh specification, subscribes the corresponding multicast address according to user configuration, optimizes the interaction flow of the intelligent terminal and the intelligent terminal, and reduces the network allocation time; the key information is generated by the server, downloaded and burnt into a Bluetooth chip in the Bluetooth lamp for storage, and the key information is used for network distribution authentication in a one-machine-one-number mode, so that networking safety is ensured; after the authentication of the Bluetooth lamp is passed, the Bluetooth broadcast is turned off, so that the purposes of reducing power consumption and enhancing network safety are achieved; according to the invention, the output end of the AC/DC circuit is isolated from the input end of the DC voltage reduction circuit through the isolation diode, when the power supply is powered off, the filter electrolytic capacitor of the AC/DC circuit can be prevented from discharging the DC voltage reduction circuit, the DC voltage reduction circuit can be ensured to rapidly discharge when the power supply is powered off, and the Bluetooth lamp can be ensured to perform operations such as factory reset, dimming switching and the like in a rapid switching power supply mode; according to the invention, the impedance matching between the RF_OUT end and the antenna part is ensured by the impedance matching circuit, so that the working efficiency of the antenna is improved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The implementation method of the intelligent lamp supporting the rapid distribution network is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
periodically broadcasting unassigned network information by the Bluetooth lamp;
secondly, scanning Bluetooth broadcasting through the intelligent terminal, acquiring information of Bluetooth lamps which are not connected with the network, and generating random data;
thirdly, the random data are respectively sent to the Bluetooth lamp and the server;
fourthly, the Bluetooth lamp extracts secret key information and random numbers to carry out verification calculation, and the server carries out verification calculation through secret key information retrieval;
fifthly, sending calculation results of the Bluetooth lamp and the server to the intelligent terminal for comparison, and entering a Bluetooth Mesh authentication distribution network flow if verification is passed, wherein the Bluetooth lamp and the intelligent terminal perform authentication and distribution network data interaction;
sixthly, after the intelligent terminal is successfully allocated with the network, sending a unicast address to the Bluetooth lamp, and uploading network allocation data to a server;
seventhly, after the authentication of the Bluetooth lamp is passed, storing a unicast address, defining lighting model binding application keys of all elements for the Bluetooth Mesh specification by itself, and subscribing a corresponding multicast address according to user configuration;
after the network distribution is completed, the intelligent terminal sends a control command data packet to the Bluetooth lamp, and the Bluetooth lamp analyzes the data packet to extract control information;
ninth, executing dimming control and sending an analysis completion command to the intelligent terminal;
tenth, the intelligent terminal displays the control success information;
in the fourth step, the secret key information is generated by a server and is downloaded and burnt into a Bluetooth chip in the Bluetooth lamp for storage;
in the step (seventh), after the authentication of the bluetooth lamp is passed, the bluetooth broadcast is turned off.
2. The method for implementing an intelligent lamp supporting a rapid distribution network according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (eight), the control command data packet includes a unicast address, a control type, a dimming parameter, and a Mesh networking hop count.
3. The intelligent lamp used in the implementation method of the intelligent lamp supporting the rapid distribution network according to claim 2, wherein: the LED dimming circuit comprises an AC/DC circuit, a DC voltage reducing circuit, a Bluetooth chip, a dimming driving circuit and a light source LED, wherein the output end of the AC/DC circuit is respectively connected with the input end of the DC voltage reducing circuit, the Vin end of the dimming driving circuit and the anode of the light source LED, the output end of the DC voltage reducing circuit is respectively connected with the Bluetooth chip and the VCC end of the dimming driving circuit, the PWM output end of the Bluetooth chip is connected with the PWM input end of the dimming driving circuit, the RF_OUT end of the Bluetooth chip is connected with an antenna, and the OUT end of the dimming driving circuit is connected with the cathode of the light source LED;
the DC/DC voltage reducing circuit also comprises an isolation diode, wherein the positive electrode of the isolation diode is connected with the output end of the AC/DC circuit, and the negative electrode of the isolation diode is connected with the input end of the DC voltage reducing circuit; the Bluetooth chip also comprises a clock circuit, wherein the clock circuit is connected with the CLK end of the Bluetooth chip; the antenna also comprises an impedance matching circuit which is connected in series between the RF_OUT terminal of the Bluetooth chip and the antenna.
4. A smart lamp for use in a method of implementing a smart lamp supporting a rapid distribution network as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the AC/DC circuit, the DC voltage reduction circuit, the Bluetooth chip, the dimming driving circuit and the light source LED are all arranged on the aluminum substrate.
5. The intelligent lamp used in the implementation method of the intelligent lamp supporting the rapid distribution network according to claim 4, wherein: the bluetooth chip is connected below the aluminum substrate.
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