CN113162730A - Re-entering gap channel communication method based on space-time fountain codes - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reentry gap channel communication method based on a space-time fountain code, which comprises the following steps: fountain code encoding is carried out on the source information; judging the communication condition of plasma sheath channels at the transmitting antenna arrays at different positions according to the standing-wave ratio; and switching the transmission modes and the coding matrixes of different space-time fountain codes for the plasma sheath channels with different communication conditions. The invention discloses a reentry gap channel communication method based on a space-time fountain code, which realizes a continuous communication method of a hypersonic aircraft entering a plasma sheath region, and solves the problem of unstable wireless communication of a reentry channel caused by random variation of a communication time slot in spatial domain distribution and uncertainty of communicable time length.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and relates to a reentry gap channel communication method based on a space-time fountain code.
Background
In the flight process of the hypersonic aircraft, the windward side and the leeward side exist on the surface of the aircraft, and due to the fact that the windward side and the leeward side have different action strengths with the external environment, channel environments of the windward side and the leeward side are different, and on the whole, the windward side has violent action with the external environment, and therefore the channel environment of the leeward side is superior to that of the windward side. From the analysis on the space domain channel resources, a plurality of communication time slots exist on the lee side. Because the flying attitude of the aircraft continuously rolls and the flying attack angle and other parameters continuously change in the flying process, the positions of the windward side and the leeward side are continuously changed, and the area ranges of the windward side and the leeward side are also changed, the position and the size of the communication time slot are changed along with the change of the parameters of the windward side and the leeward side, and the channel with the communication time slot in the airspace distribution is called as an airspace gap channel. The uncertainty of the position and the size of the communication time slot in the spatial gap channel causes the uncertainty of the communicable time length, and the random change of the position of the communication time slot in the channel and the uncertainty of the communicable time length cause the time-break and the time-break of the communication link, which causes the traditional communication mode of keeping the link clear for a long time to be not suitable.
Particularly, when the hypersonic aerocraft returns to the atmosphere at a high speed, the shock waves form a plasma sheath surrounding the aerocraft, the plasma sheath generates a strong attenuation effect on electromagnetic waves, communication is easy to interrupt, and a flight area where radio signals are interrupted is a black barrier area due to the fact that the aerocraft penetrates through the plasma sheath formed by the atmosphere, so that the problem of continuous communication when the hypersonic aerocraft enters the plasma sheath area is solved. The discrete communication time slot of the plasma sheath in the airspace enables the plasma sheath to solve the possibility of communication interruption when the hypersonic aircraft enters the plasma sheath area, but the traditional communication mode of keeping the link smooth for a long time cannot be realized at present, and the problem that the re-entry channel wireless communication is unstable due to random variation of the communication time slot in the airspace distribution and uncertainty of the communicable time length cannot be solved.
Chinese patent CN201710953815.5 discloses a channel feedback-based adaptive coding and decoding method under plasma sheath, which divides the channel communication quality into different grades according to the transmit antenna standing-wave ratio measured in real time; dividing information to be sent into different number of levels according to importance degrees aiming at different channel levels; and dynamically adjusting the number of levels according to the channel change; coding information to be transmitted according to a windowed degree distribution function by adopting a fountain code coding mode; firstly carrying out pseudo code encoding on the generated code packet, and then modulating to generate a modulation signal; the modulated signal is transmitted through a plasma channel and then reaches a receiving end, the receiving end demodulates the modulated signal to obtain a demodulated signal, and then pseudo code decoding is carried out to obtain an effective coding packet; and decoding the effective coding packet by adopting a BP decoding algorithm. The technical scheme of the patent is mainly applied to the field of steady-state plasma sheath, and only the coding design is carried out on the characteristics of a plasma sheath channel in a time domain according to the overall state of the channel, for example, when the overall communication condition of the channel is poor, the grading number of information is increased, and the transmission reliability of key information is improved by improving the transmission probability of the key information. However, the patent fails to solve the problem that the random variation of the communication time slot of the dynamic plasma sheath in the spatial distribution and the uncertainty of the communicable time length lead to the instability of the wireless communication of the re-entry channel.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a reentry gap channel communication method based on a space-time fountain code, which realizes a continuous communication method of a hypersonic aircraft entering a plasma sheath region, and solves the problem of unstable wireless communication of a reentry channel caused by random variation of communication time slots in airspace distribution and uncertainty of communicable time length.
The technical scheme adopted by the embodiment of the invention is as follows: the re-entering gap channel communication method based on the space-time fountain code comprises the following steps:
fountain code encoding is carried out on the source information;
judging the communication condition of plasma sheath channels at the transmitting antenna arrays at different positions according to the standing-wave ratio;
and switching the transmission modes and the coding matrixes of different space-time fountain codes for the plasma sheath channels with different communication conditions.
Further, the communication condition of the plasma sheath channel at the transmitting antenna arrays at different positions is judged according to the standing-wave ratio, and the communication condition of the plasma sheath channel is judged by adopting a channel capacity estimation method based on VSWR, which is specifically realized by the following steps:
measuring the standing-wave ratio of the transmitting antenna in real time;
selecting standing-wave ratio threshold values corresponding to channel grade division;
and dividing corresponding standing-wave ratio thresholds according to the standing-wave ratio and the channel grade measured by the transmitting antenna in real time, judging the communication conditions of plasma sheath channels at the transmitting antenna arrays at different positions, and obtaining the channel grades corresponding to the plasma sheath channels at the transmitting antenna arrays at different positions.
Further, the channel grades are divided into three grades of channel excellent, channel good and channel poor;
when the channel grade of a plasma sheath channel at a transmitting antenna array is a channel difference, adopting a space diversity transmission mode;
when the channel grade of a plasma sheath channel at the transmitting antenna array is good, a transmission mode combining spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing is adopted;
when the channel grade of the plasma sheath channel at the transmitting antenna array is the channel quality, a spatial multiplexing transmission mode is adopted.
Furthermore, when the channel grade of the plasma sheath channel at the transmitting antenna array is the channel difference, the adopted coding matrixes are mutually orthogonal;
when the channel grade of a plasma sheath channel at the transmitting antenna array is good, the orthogonality between the rows of the adopted coding matrix is weaker than the orthogonality between the rows of the adopted coding matrix when the channel grade is poor;
when the channel grade of the plasma sheath channel at the transmitting antenna array is channel quality, the adopted coding matrix has no orthogonality between rows.
Still further, the method further comprises: and sequentially carrying out space-time decoding and fountain code decoding on the received space-time fountain code.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the space-time fountain code can effectively adapt to the characteristics of random change of the communication time slot of the hypersonic aircraft entering a plasma body area and uncertainty of communicable time length, and fully utilizes the discrete communication time slot of the plasma sheath cover existing on the airspace, the no-rate characteristic of the plasma sheath cover code, the diversity of the space-time coding and the multiplexing gain combination, the overall utilization rate of the empty domain resources in the reentry channel is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a design of a space-time fountain code according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of channel level versus spatial transmission mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph of adaptive switching variation of space-time fountain code coding form with SNR according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The overall design of the space-time fountain code-based re-entry gap channel communication method is shown in fig. 1, wherein the number and positions of the transmitting antennas and the receiving antennas can be adaptively arranged according to the characteristics of the aircraft. The method comprises the steps of carrying out fountain code coding on source information, carrying out modulation and serial-parallel conversion on coded fountain codes, judging communication conditions of plasma sheath channels at different positions of a transmitting antenna array according to a standing-wave ratio, adjusting a transmission mode and a coding matrix of a space-time fountain code for the plasma sheath channels with different communication conditions, and carrying out space-time fountain code coding according to the adjusted transmission mode and the coding matrix, wherein the transmission mode of the space-time fountain code comprises a space diversity transmission mode, a space multiplexing transmission mode or a transmission mode combining the space diversity transmission mode and the space multiplexing transmission mode, the switching of the three space-time fountain code transmission modes is based on the communication conditions at different positions of the transmitting antenna, and the perception of the communication state adopts a channel capacity estimation method based on VSWR (standing-wave ratio). The multi-coding mode switching of the space-time fountain code can provide diversity gain, multiplexing gain or the combination of the diversity gain and the multiplexing gain in time, all antennas transmit the same information during diversity transmission, which is equivalent to a receiving end receiving a plurality of copies of one information, so the transmission reliability of the diversity transmission is higher, all antennas transmit different information during multiplexing transmission, and no copy information exists, so the transmission efficiency of the multiplexing transmission is high, namely the frequency spectrum utilization rate is high; the diversity transmission brings diversity gain to the system, the multiplexing transmission brings multiplexing gain to the system, and the combination of the diversity gain and the multiplexing gain can realize the effective combination of transmission reliability and transmission efficiency, so that the space-time fountain code carries out multi-coding mode switching according to the communication conditions at different transmitting antenna positions, the error rate of the system can be effectively reduced, and the spectrum utilization rate of the system is greatly improved.
And each receiving antenna receives the space-time fountain code codes transmitted by each transmitting antenna, and the source information is obtained by decoding the space-time fountain codes, so that the space-time fountain code-based reentry gap channel communication method is completed.
Take an 8 × 8 multi-antenna downlink as an example, i.e., the number of transmit antennas and receive antennas is 8. If the traditional coding mode is adopted, the receiving antenna needs to correctly receive all data of 8 transmitting antennas, especially for large file transmission which is not susceptible to data packet loss, and if the data is lost, feedback retransmission is needed. Therefore, when the link communication strategy is designed, the 8 transmitting antennas and the 8 receiving antennas need to be considered in a whole set so as to ensure that the 8 transmitting antennas transmit { x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,x8The 8 information packets can be correctly received by the ground receiving end. The electron density of the plasma sheath on the windward side and the leeward side is very different, the windward side is likely to have communication interruption caused by strong attenuation of the plasma sheath on electromagnetic waves, at the moment, the receiving end needs to inform the transmitting end of resending partial error information through the leeward side antenna through a feedback loop, and the large time delay characteristic of a plasma sheath channel causes the transmission efficiency of the feedback resending transmission mode to be extremely low, so that the continuous communication of the hypersonic aircraft entering a plasma sheath region cannot be realized by a traditional communication mode of keeping a link smooth for a long time.
The data packet of the non-rate coding has non-rate property, a sending end starts to continuously send the coded data from a limited number of data packets, the best performance can be obtained aiming at any deletion rate, and the coding mode can effectively solve the problem of low efficiency of the feedback retransmission transmission mode. The fountain code selected in the space-time fountain code coding method provided by the embodiment of the invention is just a rateless code, and the { x ] code is transmitted by 8 transmitting antennas1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,x8The 8 transmitting antennas in the embodiment of the invention can be designed in groups, namely, coding matrixes and spatial transmission modes can be respectively designed according to the channel characteristics of the windward side and the leeward side.
The embodiment of the invention designs the spatial information transmission mode of the windward side and the leeward side according to the channel level, which is specifically shown in fig. 2. Suppose that at a certain moment, the transmitting antennas 1-4 are transmitting antennas on the leeward side, the transmitting antennas 5-8 are transmitting antennas on the windward side, and the signals transmitted by the 8 transmitting antennas correspond to { x }1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,x8I.e. x1～x8Corresponding to signals transmitted by the transmitting antennas 1-8, respectively, the space-time fountain code encoding step is:
(1) grading channels: when electromagnetic waves enter the plasma sheath from a free space, reflection and transmission phenomena can occur at the interface of the medium due to the change of a transmission medium, and the standing-wave ratio of the transmitting antenna can be changed due to the energy of the reflected electromagnetic waves. According to the electromagnetic wave transmission theory, the larger the energy of the reflected electromagnetic wave is, the larger the corresponding standing wave ratio is, and the worse the communication condition of the channel at the moment is, therefore, the communication condition of the channel can be judged according to the standing wave ratio, the standing wave ratio is directly related to the channel capacity, the channel capacity reflects the communication capacity of the channel, the requirement of the channel communication capacity is related to the information quantity to be transmitted, and the standing wave ratio threshold value corresponding to the specific channel communication condition classification grade is selected according to the actual application scene. Based on the method, the standing-wave ratios of the transmitting antennas can be measured in real time, the communication conditions of plasma sheath channels at the transmitting antenna arrays on the windward side and the leeward side are respectively judged, the channel grades of the windward side and the leeward side are respectively divided into three grades of channel excellent, channel good and channel poor according to the communication conditions, the standing-wave ratio threshold corresponding to the specific channel grade division is selected according to the actual application scene, the selection process is common knowledge in the technical field, and the details are not repeated;
(2) and (3) carrying out information grading transmission: the specific implementation mode of the invention respectively adjusts the transmission mode and the coding matrix of the space-time fountain code aiming at different channel grades. For example, when the channel quality is poor, the transmission method of space diversity is adopted, and the coding matrix is C4Coding matrix C4The two rows are mutually orthogonal, so that the system can obtain the maximum diversity gain, and the communication reliability is ensured when the plasma sheath seriously attenuates electromagnetic waves; when the channel quality is good, a transmission mode combining spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing is adopted, and the coding matrix is C'4Coding matrix C'4The orthogonality among the rows is weakened, and the system transmission rate is considered; when the channel quality is the channel quality, the spatial multiplexing transmission mode is adopted, and the coding matrix is C ″4Coding matrix C ″)4The middle rows have no orthogonality, the system diversity gain is 0, but the multiplexing gain of the system is improved, and the system can fully utilize the space domain communication time slot to carry out high-efficiency information transmission. Assuming that R is 1 in full-rate channel transmission, the coding matrix C is then used4、C′4And C ″)4The corresponding transmission rates are 1/2, 2, and 4, respectively.
The reliability of transmission of key information in the dynamic plasma sheath can be further improved by adding the classification technology provided by the patent CN201710953815.5 on the basis of the space-time fountain code provided by the patent.
Simulation analysis:
the plasma sheath has strong attenuation effect on electromagnetic waves, and strong random multiplicative interference introduced by the integrated channel of the hypersonic flight vehicle can also cause the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals entering the receiver to be reduced. In order to fully utilize the space domain resources and maximize the utilization of the space domain channel resources, the coding forms of the space-time fountain codes need to be switched according to the communication condition change of the channel, the reliability and the transmission rate of channel transmission are integrated, and the space-time fountain codes used in simulation are mainly divided into two coding forms: orthogonal space-time fountain codes (F-STBC) and quasi-orthogonal space-time fountain codes (F-QSTBC), and for a 4 x 4 multi-antenna system, the transmission matrix, i.e., the coding matrix, of the F-STBC and the F-QSTBC can be expressed as:
F-STBC：
F-QSTBC：
the transmission rates of the F-STBC and F-QSTBC are respectively:
RF-STBC＝1/2 (3)
RF-QSTBC＝2 (4)
fig. 3 shows the adaptive change of the coding form of the space-time fountain code according to the change of SNR (signal to noise ratio), and mainly compares the performances of four transmission modes, namely STBC (space-time block code), QSTBC (quasi-orthogonal space-time code), F-STBC (orthogonal space-time fountain code) and F-QSTBC (quasi-orthogonal space-time fountain code) in a plasma sheath transmission environment. It can be seen that the transmission performance of both STBC and QSTBC is poor due to the particularity of the plasma sheath channel, STBC can normally communicate when SNR is 11dB, and QSTBC needs to normally communicate when SNR is 12dB, which is mainly because the orthogonality of STBC coding is better than QSTBC, so that more diversity gain can be obtained than QSTBC. The transmission performance of the F-STBC and F-QSTBC is obviously better than that of the STBC and QSTBC, which shows that the no-rate characteristic of the fountain code enables the spatial channel resources of the plasma sheath channel to be better utilized. When SNR is less than 4, F-STBC can guarantee normal communication of link by means of more diversity gain and forward error correction capability of fountain code, F-QSTBC sacrifices partial diversity gain due to weakening orthogonality between channels, and thus link Bit Error Rate (BER) is higher.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The re-entering gap channel communication method based on the space-time fountain code is characterized by comprising the following steps:
fountain code encoding is carried out on the source information;
judging the communication condition of plasma sheath channels at the transmitting antenna arrays at different positions according to the standing-wave ratio;
and switching the transmission modes and the coding matrixes of different space-time fountain codes for the plasma sheath channels with different communication conditions.
2. The space-time fountain code-based re-entry gap channel communication method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the communication condition of the plasma sheath channel at the transmitting antenna array at different positions is determined according to the standing-wave ratio, and the communication condition of the plasma sheath channel is determined by using a VSWR-based channel capacity estimation method, which is implemented as follows:
measuring the standing-wave ratio of the transmitting antenna in real time;
selecting standing-wave ratio threshold values corresponding to channel grade division;
and dividing corresponding standing-wave ratio thresholds according to the standing-wave ratio and the channel grade measured by the transmitting antenna in real time, judging the communication conditions of plasma sheath channels at the transmitting antenna arrays at different positions, and obtaining the channel grades corresponding to the plasma sheath channels at the transmitting antenna arrays at different positions.
3. A space-time fountain code-based re-entry gap channel communication method according to claim 2, wherein the channel classes are divided into three classes of channel good, channel good and channel poor;
when the channel grade of a plasma sheath channel at a transmitting antenna array is a channel difference, adopting a space diversity transmission mode;
when the channel grade of a plasma sheath channel at the transmitting antenna array is good, a transmission mode combining spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing is adopted;
when the channel grade of the plasma sheath channel at the transmitting antenna array is the channel quality, a spatial multiplexing transmission mode is adopted.
4. A space-time fountain code-based re-entry gap channel communication method as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein when the channel level of the plasma sheath channel at the transmitting antenna array is channel difference, the rows of the adopted coding matrix are mutually orthogonal;
when the channel grade of a plasma sheath channel at the transmitting antenna array is good, the orthogonality between the rows of the adopted coding matrix is weaker than the orthogonality between the rows of the adopted coding matrix when the channel grade is poor;
when the channel grade of the plasma sheath channel at the transmitting antenna array is channel quality, the adopted coding matrix has no orthogonality between rows.
5. A space-time fountain code-based re-entry gap channel communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: and sequentially carrying out space-time decoding and fountain code decoding on the received space-time fountain code.
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