CN113162719A - Annular network data communication architecture based on optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet - Google Patents
Annular network data communication architecture based on optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a ring network data communication architecture based on a fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet, which comprises: the electronic control unit and the sensors are sequentially connected in a head-to-tail mode through an optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet bus to form an annular network, data sent by the electronic control unit are transmitted one by one in a single direction through the sensors of the annular network and are converged to the electronic control unit to achieve input and output of the data, and transmission data of the sensors in the nodes of the annular network are concentrated in data frames. Compared with the traditional communication mode transmission, the electronic control unit can realize data communication circulation in the ring-shaped network node only by one-time receiving and sending, can obtain the transmission rate of 1-10G/s, and simultaneously improves the communication efficiency of the network node.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automobiles, in particular to a ring network data communication framework of an optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet.
Background
With the development of automobiles towards the direction of intellectualization, safety and individualization, more sensors are installed on intelligent automobiles compared with traditional automobiles due to automatic driving, unmanned driving and auxiliary driving, for example, an automatic driving system of Tesla, wherein at least 8 vehicle-mounted Ethernet cameras, at least 10 radar sensors (millimeter wave radar and ultrasonic radar) and the like are deployed on an automobile body. At present, the automobile network architecture is still a distributed network architecture, and after the sensors are connected with the switch through buses (a CAN bus, a LIN bus, a LVDS bus and a MOST bus), signals are transmitted to the ECU through the switch. The vehicle-mounted Ethernet camera shown in the figure 1 is connected with the ECU through the LVDS bus, the image collected by the vehicle-mounted Ethernet camera is received or the working mode of the vehicle-mounted Ethernet camera is controlled through the ECU, each vehicle-mounted Ethernet camera is connected with the ECU through an independent bus, the length of the wiring harness is inevitably increased by the added vehicle-mounted Ethernet cameras, so that the weight is increased, in addition, other sensors such as laser radar, inertial navigation and millimeter wave radar are added, the length of the wiring harness is inevitably increased by multiple sensors, the cost is increased by the wiring harness on one hand, the weight of a vehicle body is increased on the other hand, and the energy consumption is increased for the driving of the vehicle. On the other hand, the development of intelligent automobiles has put demands on low transmission delay and high reliability for the transmission of signals or data in the on-board network. Obviously, the conventional buses such as the CAN bus, the LIN bus, the LVDS bus, and the MOST bus do not meet the requirement, so to solve the problems existing in the prior art, it is necessary to provide an automobile network architecture with reduced harness cost, low latency, and high transmission bandwidth, so as to solve the technical problems existing at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical defects in the prior art, the invention provides a ring network data communication architecture based on an optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet, which comprises the following steps: the electronic control unit and the sensors are sequentially connected in a head-to-tail mode through an optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet bus to form an annular network, data sent by the electronic control unit are transmitted one by one in a single direction through the sensors of the annular network and are converged to the electronic control unit to achieve input and output of the data, and transmission data of the sensors in the nodes of the annular network are concentrated in data frames.
A ring network data communication architecture based on fiber optic vehicular ethernet, comprising: the electronic control unit and the sensors are sequentially connected in a head-to-tail mode through an optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet bus to form an annular network, data sent by the electronic control unit are transmitted one by one in a single direction through the sensors of the annular network and are converged to the electronic control unit to achieve input and output of the data, and transmission data of the sensors in the nodes of the annular network are concentrated in data frames;
the electronic control unit and the sensor both comprise optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chips, and each optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip comprises an optical module and a PHY module;
the PHY module comprises a multilayer structure, and an automatic judgment protocol layer, a physical medium related sublayer, a physical medium connection sublayer, an error correction layer and a physical coding sublayer are sequentially arranged from the bottom layer to the top layer.
A ring network data communication architecture based on fiber vehicle Ethernet is characterized in that in the unidirectional transmission process of data, the structure of a transmission data frame at least comprises: the frame head, the frame tail and the load data comprise regions for storing periodic data; the periodic data area includes a plurality of fixed-size data blocks, each fixed-size data block for storing a periodic data area generated by a corresponding sensor.
When a data frame passes through a corresponding node, the node takes out a downlink signal data segment sent to the node, and encapsulates an uplink data segment into a corresponding data block and then transmits the data block to a next node.
A data communication architecture of a ring network based on an optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet is further provided, and after a current sensor in the ring network receives transmission data of a front adjacent sensor and acquires required data, the remaining data and the data required to be transmitted are transmitted to a rear adjacent sensor.
An annular network data communication architecture based on an optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet is characterized in that in a starting stage, an electronic control unit addresses nodes in an annular network in a hanging connection sequence, wherein after the electronic control unit sends an addressing signal to a first node, the first node identifies the received addressing signal and transmits the received addressing signal to a next node, the next node acquires the number of the previous node, increases the number by 1 and transmits the number to the next node, and the like until the addressing data returns to the electronic control unit, and the electronic control unit analyzes the number of the addressing signal acquisition nodes and the position of each node in the annular network.
The annular network data communication architecture based on the optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet is characterized in that after a starting stage is finished, when an electronic control unit adopts node addressing, the electronic control unit sets the address of a sensor of each node or directly reads the node address of the sensor of each node.
A data communication architecture of ring network based on fiber vehicle Ethernet, further, in the unidirectional transmission process of data, the structure of transmission data frame at least includes: the device comprises a frame header, a control signal, load data and a frame tail, wherein the load data comprises a data storage period area;
the periodic data area comprises a plurality of data blocks with fixed sizes, and each data block with fixed size is used for storing the periodic data area generated by the corresponding sensor;
the payload data further includes an aperiodic data area for storing aperiodic data.
A data communication architecture of a ring network based on an optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet is further provided, and time synchronization information is packaged in a periodic data area when data frames are transmitted, so that sensor synchronization of each node is achieved.
A ring network data communication architecture based on an optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet is characterized in that in the transmission process of data frames, real-time data of each sensor is transmitted by adopting a time slice dividing mode from the beginning of a period, and a time slice from the end of the real-time data to the end of the period is used for transmitting non-real-time packets.
A ring network data communication architecture based on fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet, further, the electronic control unit at least comprises: the system comprises a first optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip, a first FPGA chip and an SOC chip, wherein the SOC chip is connected with the first FPGA chip, and the FPGA chip is connected with the first optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip.
A data communication architecture of an annular network based on an optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet is further characterized in that a first FPGA chip receives data provided by an SOC chip through a data communication bus, schedules and frames the data according to a preset mode message protocol, and/or receives a data frame received by a first optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip from a sensor, and unpacks the data frame from the sensor according to the preset message protocol;
and the first optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip acquires the data frame from the SOC, transmits the data frame to each sensor and/or receives the data frame sent by the sensor.
A data communication architecture of a ring network based on an optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet is further provided, wherein a first optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip comprises an optical module and a PHY module, wherein the optical module is used for converting an optical signal received from an optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet bus into an electric signal and then transmitting the electric signal to the PHY module, and/or converting the electric signal from the PHY module into an optical signal and then outputting the optical signal to the optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet bus and transmitting the optical signal to a sensor;
the PHY module comprises a multilayer structure, and an automatic judgment protocol layer, a physical medium related sublayer, a physical medium connection sublayer, an error correction layer and a physical coding sublayer are sequentially arranged from the bottom layer to the top layer.
A data communication framework of ring network based on fiber vehicle Ethernet, further, the physical coding sublayer is responsible for 8B/10B code, the parallel data of 8 bits received through xGMII port are converted into the parallel data output of 10 bits;
the physical coding sublayer encapsulates the data transmitted by the MAC layer following some simple rules, and presets a code set to encrypt the first byte of each data packet, which is not repeated in the normal transmission data sequence;
the data frames are encoded using an 8B/10B encoding rule, each data packet terminating with a preset code group, the data packets containing an odd number of code groups, and idle codes being transmitted consecutively between data packets.
A data communication structure of a ring network based on an optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet is further provided, and a sensor comprises one or more of a laser radar, a millimeter wave radar, a vehicle-mounted Ethernet camera, a display screen and an ultrasonic radar.
A data communication framework of a ring network based on an optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet is disclosed, further, a sensor comprises a main function chip, a second FPGA chip and a second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip, wherein the second FPGA chip is respectively connected with the main function chip and the second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip;
the main function chip is connected with the second FPGA chip through an MIPI interface, an I2C interface and a GPIO interface, wherein the MIPI interface is used for transmitting data generated by the main function chip, and the I2C interface or the GPIO interface is used for transmitting control signals to control the main function chip.
A ring network data communication architecture based on optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet is disclosed, further, a first optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet chip and a second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet chip are identical in structure.
A second FPGA chip is connected with a second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip through an xGMII interface and an SMI interface, wherein the xGMII interface is used for transmitting vehicle-mounted Ethernet data, and the SMI interface is used for configuring the second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip.
A second FPGA chip receives data provided by a main function chip through a data communication bus, schedules and frames the data according to a preset mode message protocol, and/or receives a data frame received by a second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip from an electronic control unit, and unpacks the data frame from the electronic control unit according to the preset message protocol.
A data communication architecture of an annular network based on an optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet is disclosed, further, a sensor comprises a vehicle-mounted Ethernet camera, the vehicle-mounted Ethernet camera comprises an image sensor, a second FPGA chip and a second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip, wherein the second FPGA chip is respectively connected with the image sensor and the second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip;
the image sensor is connected with the second FPGA chip through an MIPI interface, an I2C interface and a GPIO interface, wherein the MIPI interface is used for transmitting image data collected by the image sensor, and the I2C interface or the GPIO interface is used for transmitting a control signal to realize control of the image sensor;
the second FPGA chip is connected with a second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip through an xGMII interface and an SMI interface, wherein the xGMII interface is used for transmitting vehicle-mounted Ethernet data, and the SMI interface is used for configuring the second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip;
the image data collected by the image sensor is packaged by the second FPGA chip according to the standard protocol of the vehicle-mounted Ethernet and then is sent to the second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip;
the image data includes uncompressed original image data.
Has the advantages that:
1. in the technical scheme provided by the invention, the unidirectional transmission of the ring network formed by the optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet is adopted to be forwarded and converged to the electronic control unit to realize the input and output of data, and the transmission data of the sensor in the ring network node is concentrated in a data frame. Compared with the traditional communication mode, the electronic control unit can realize data communication circulation in the ring network node only by once receiving and sending, can obtain the transmission rate of 1-10G/s, and meanwhile, the communication efficiency of the node network can be greatly improved.
2. In the technical scheme provided by the invention, a data frame adopts a periodic data area and a non-periodic data area, the periodic data area comprises a plurality of data blocks with fixed sizes, and each data block with fixed size is used for storing the periodic data area generated by a corresponding sensor. In the one-way transmission process of data, the data downloading and uploading capacity of the node sensor can be improved, so that the communication efficiency is further improved, and the transmission delay of sensor communication is reduced. In addition, a time scribing method is adopted in one period in the data frame transmission process, so that the real-time key data is guaranteed to be transmitted preferentially, the transmission delay is further reduced, and the precision of time synchronization is further improved on the basis of an IEEE1588 protocol.
3. In the technical scheme provided by the invention, the PHY module adopts a multi-layer data exchange structure in order to improve the transmission rate of data, and the matching transmission among the multiple layers can improve the transmission rate of the data and reduce the error rate in the process of transmitting high-number data.
4. In the technical scheme provided by the invention, a unique coding method of the physical coding sublayer is adopted, and compared with the prior art, the method ensures stable direct current balance, has high error code correction capability and reduces the overhead in the transmission process between frames.
Drawings
The following drawings are only schematic illustrations and explanations of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a communication architecture diagram of the prior art electronic control unit and camera connection in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a ring network data communication architecture based on a vehicle ethernet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a message structure of a data frame in a ring network data communication architecture based on a vehicle ethernet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a connection structure between data frames in a ring network data communication architecture based on a vehicle ethernet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fiber-optic vehicular ethernet PHY module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensor according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects, and effects herein, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout. For the sake of simplicity, the drawings are schematic representations of relevant parts of the invention and are not intended to represent actual structures as products. In addition, for simplicity and clarity of understanding, only one of the components having the same structure or function is schematically illustrated or labeled in some of the drawings.
The term "connected" in the present invention may include direct connection, indirect connection, communication connection, and electrical connection, unless otherwise specified.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, values, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, values, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items
It should be understood that the term "vehicle" or "vehicular" or other similar terms as used herein generally includes motor vehicles such as passenger automobiles including Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs), buses, trucks, various commercial vehicles, watercraft including a variety of boats, ships, aircraft, and the like, and includes hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, hydrogen-powered vehicles, and other alternative fuel vehicles (e.g., fuels derived from non-petroleum sources). As referred to herein, a hybrid vehicle is a vehicle having two or more power sources, such as both gasoline-powered and electric-powered vehicles.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides a ring network data communication architecture based on fiber vehicle ethernet, as shown in fig. 2, including: the electronic control unit and the sensors are sequentially connected in a head-to-tail mode through an optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet bus to form an annular network, and data sent by the electronic control unit are transmitted one by one in a single direction through the sensors of the annular network, forwarded and converged to the electronic control unit to achieve input and output of the data; after the current sensor in the ring network receives the transmission data of the front adjacent sensor and acquires the required data, the remaining data and the data required to be transmitted are transmitted to the rear adjacent sensor.
Different from the prior art, the annular network data transmission of the invention is carried out in a unidirectional transmission mode, the electronic control unit sends control signals and/or video, audio and image data to the first sensor connected with the electronic control unit according to requirements, and the control signals can comprise signals of sensors of 1 node or sensors of a plurality of different nodes or sensors of all nodes and are used for controlling the sensors. The unidirectional transmission can improve the transmission efficiency of data, and the sensor at the ring-shaped link node finally converges the data to the electronic control unit for processing, namely, the electronic convergence unit can finish one-time data transmission of one link at a time only by sending one time and receiving one time of data. Compared with the traditional bidirectional transmission, the load can be reduced, and the processing efficiency is high.
Referring to fig. 3, in the process of unidirectional data transmission, the structure of the transmission data frame at least includes: the device comprises a frame header, a control signal, load data and a frame tail, wherein the load data comprises a periodic data storage area and a non-periodic data storage area;
the periodic data area comprises a plurality of data blocks with fixed sizes, and each data block with fixed size is used for storing the periodic data area generated by the corresponding sensor;
in the transmission process of the data frame, the real-time data of each sensor is transmitted by adopting a time slice dividing mode at the beginning of a period, and a time slice from the end of the real-time data to the end of the period is used for transmitting a non-real-time packet.
And when the data frame is transmitted, the time synchronization information is encapsulated in the periodic data area and is used for realizing the sensor synchronization of each node.
Preferably, in another real-time scheme, the payload data further includes an aperiodic data area for storing aperiodic data.
Preferably, the periodic data area includes data of each node, the number of data blocks is the same as the number of nodes, each data block corresponds to one node, and the data packet format in each node at least includes a node header and node data.
In the data transmission process, the PHY layer of the optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet comprises a physical coding sublayer, which is responsible for 8B/10B coding, and the physical coding sublayer converts 8-bit parallel data received by the xGMII port into 10-bit parallel data to be output;
in particular, the coding structure between data frames of the physical coding sublayer referring to fig. 4, the physical coding sublayer encapsulates data transmitted by the data link layer using a preset rule, as shown in fig. 4, it encrypts the first byte of each data packet using a special code set (called/S/code set), which does not repeat in the normal transmission data sequence, thus it can reliably indicate the start of the frame. After the/S/code set, the Ethernet bytes are encoded using 8B/10B encoding rules, each packet terminating with a special code/T/code; the data packet contains an odd number of code-groups (from/S/to/T/count); between packets, the gap is filled with a set of idle codes of two symbols denoted/I/; idle codes are continuously sent between data packets to adapt to the clock rate at both ends of the link; when the physical coding sublayer function receives a frame with errors (inserts errors during frame transmission) from the data link layer, the physical coding sublayer encodes the errors by sending/E/characters.
Compared with the prior art, the coding method of the physical coding sublayer ensures stable direct current balance, has high error code correction capability and reduces the cost in the transmission process between frames.
In addition, 64B/66B and 256B/257B coding may also be used in a preferred and further preferred embodiment.
The non-periodic data area is not the size of the solid area and is distributed according to the communication requirement of the node.
The transmission data of the sensors in the ring network nodes are concentrated in data frames, when the data frames pass through corresponding nodes, the nodes take out downlink signal data segments sent to the nodes, package uplink data segments into corresponding data blocks and transmit the data blocks to the next node.
The electronic control unit communicates with the sensors in each node of the ring network by adopting hanging sequential addressing and node addressing. In the starting stage, the electronic control unit addresses the nodes in the ring network in a hanging connection sequence, wherein after the electronic control unit sends an addressing signal to the first node, the first node marks the received addressing signal and transmits the marking to the next node, the next node acquires the previous node, increases the number by 1 and transmits the number to the next node, and the like until the addressing data returns to the electronic control unit, and the electronic control unit analyzes the number of the addressing signal acquisition nodes and the position of each node in the ring network.
Although the sequential finding using hooks is very convenient and efficient, in a ring network, if a sensor in a node fails or is removed, the electronic control unit does not know when addressing using the sequence of hooks, and problems or wrong data sending may occur during communication. Therefore, in order to prevent such a problem, in this embodiment, after the start-up phase is completed, when the electronic control unit adopts node addressing, the electronic control unit sets the sensor address of each node or directly reads the node address of the sensor of each node.
In the transmission process of the data frame, the real-time data of each sensor is transmitted by adopting a time slice dividing mode at the beginning of a period, and a time slice from the end of the real-time data to the end of the period is used for transmitting a non-real-time packet.
By means of this transmission method, the transmission of predefined sensor data with less time delay can be improved compared to the prior art, ensuring that the time synchronization is within the allowed range.
In particular, the sensor is a vehicle sensor, for example: one or more of laser radar, millimeter wave radar, vehicle-mounted Ethernet camera, display screen and ultrasonic radar, but not limited to the above products.
In this embodiment, an optional structure of the electronic control unit is: referring to fig. 5, the electronic control unit includes at least: the system comprises a first optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip, a first FPGA chip and an SOC chip, wherein the SOC chip is connected with the first FPGA chip, and the FPGA chip is connected with the first optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip;
the first FPGA chip receives data provided by the SOC chip through a data communication bus, schedules and frames the data according to a preset mode message protocol, and/or receives a data frame received by the first optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip from a sensor, and unpacks the data frame from the sensor according to the preset message protocol; the first optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip also comprises an optical fiber input interface and an optical fiber input interface;
the first optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip acquires the data frame from the SOC, transmits the data frame to each sensor and/or receives the data frame sent by the sensor;
the first optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip comprises an optical module and a PHY module, wherein the optical module is used for converting an optical signal received from an optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet bus into an electric signal and then transmitting the electric signal to the PHY module, and/or converting the electric signal from the PHY module into an optical signal and then outputting the optical signal to the optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet bus and transmitting the optical signal to the sensor;
referring to fig. 6, the PHY module includes a multi-layer structure, and sequentially includes an automatic determination protocol layer, a physical medium related sublayer, a physical medium connection sublayer, an error correction layer, and a physical coding sublayer from a bottom layer to a top layer.
The physical medium related sub-layer completes the interface to various actual physical media to complete the real physical connection;
the physical medium connection sublayer further transmits the coding result of the physical coding sublayer to various physical media, and is mainly responsible for completing serial-parallel conversion;
the error correction layer corrects errors in the transmission process, such as: additional bits are added to help recover erroneous data.
The present embodiment enables devices on both sides of the backplane to exchange information by employing the automatic determination protocol layer to exert the greatest advantage of each other.
Compared with the traditional PHY module, the PHY module in the implementation adopts a plurality of layers, and the matching transmission among a plurality of layers can improve the transmission rate of data and reduce the error rate in the high-number data transmission process.
Referring to fig. 7, the sensor includes a main function chip, a second FPGA chip, and a second fiber vehicle ethernet PHY chip, wherein the second FPGA chip is connected to the main function chip and the second fiber vehicle ethernet PHY chip, respectively;
the main function chip is connected with the second FPGA chip through an MIPI interface, an I2C interface and a GPIO interface, wherein the MIPI interface is used for transmitting data generated by the main function chip, and the I2C interface or the GPIO interface is used for transmitting control signals to control the main function chip.
Specifically, the main function chip may be selected according to the type of the sensor, and may be an integrated chip or a combination of multiple chips. For example: the sensor is a camera, the main function chip is a CMOS chip or a CCD chip, or an ISP (image Signal processor), a DSP (digital Signal processor) chip and a CMOS chip or an ISO chip are integrated.
If the sensor is a laser radar, the main function chip comprises: the laser device, the multi-channel laser driving chip, the detector and the like.
The second FPGA chip is connected with the second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip through an xGMII interface and an SMI interface, wherein the xGMII interface is used for transmitting vehicle-mounted Ethernet data, and the SMI interface is used for configuring the second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip.
The second FPGA chip receives data provided by the main function chip through a data communication bus, schedules and frames the data according to a preset mode message protocol, and/or receives a data frame received by the second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip from the electronic control unit, and unpacks the data frame from the electronic control unit according to the preset message protocol;
the sensor comprises a vehicle-mounted Ethernet camera, the vehicle-mounted Ethernet camera comprises an image sensor, a second FPGA chip and a second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip, wherein the second FPGA chip is respectively connected with the image sensor and the second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip;
the image sensor is connected with the second FPGA chip through an MIPI interface, an I2C interface and a GPIO interface, wherein the MIPI interface is used for transmitting image data collected by the image sensor, and the I2C interface or the GPIO interface is used for transmitting a control signal to realize control of the image sensor;
the second FPGA chip is connected with a second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip through an xGMII interface and an SMI interface, wherein the xGMII interface is used for transmitting vehicle-mounted Ethernet data, and the SMI interface is used for configuring the second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip;
the image data collected by the image sensor is packaged by the second FPGA chip according to the standard protocol of the vehicle-mounted Ethernet and then is sent to the second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip;
the image data includes uncompressed original image data.
What has been described above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. It is clear to those skilled in the art that the form in this embodiment is not limited thereto, and the adjustable manner is not limited thereto. It is to be understood that other modifications and variations, which may be directly derived or suggested to one skilled in the art without departing from the basic concept of the invention, are to be considered as included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (15)
1. A ring network data communication architecture based on fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet, characterized by comprising: the electronic control unit and the sensors are sequentially connected in a head-to-tail mode through an optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet bus to form an annular network, data sent by the electronic control unit are transmitted one by one in a single direction through the sensors of the annular network and are converged to the electronic control unit to achieve input and output of the data, and transmission data of the sensors in the nodes of the annular network are concentrated in data frames.
2. The data communication architecture of claim 1, wherein when a data frame passes through a corresponding node, the node extracts a downlink signal data segment sent to itself, and encapsulates an uplink data segment into a corresponding data block for transmission to a next node.
3. The data communication architecture of claim 1, wherein after a current sensor in the ring network receives the transmission data of a front adjacent sensor and obtains the required data, the remaining data and the data required to be transmitted are transmitted to a rear adjacent sensor.
4. The data communication architecture of the ring network based on the fiber vehicle-mounted ethernet according to claim 1, wherein in a start-up phase, the electronic control unit addresses the nodes in the ring network in an attached sequential addressing manner, wherein after the electronic control unit sends an addressing signal to a first node, the first node identifies the received addressing signal and transmits the received addressing signal to a next node, the next node acquires the number of the previous node, increases the number by 1 and transmits the number to the next node, and so on until the addressing data returns to the electronic control unit, the electronic control unit analyzes the number of the addressing signal acquisition nodes and the position of each node in the ring network.
5. The data communication architecture of the ring network based on the fiber-optic vehicular ethernet according to claim 4, wherein after the start-up phase is over, when the electronic control unit employs node addressing, the electronic control unit sets the sensor address of each node or directly reads the node address of the sensor of each node.
6. The data communication architecture of claim 1, wherein during data frame transmission, the time synchronization information is encapsulated in the periodic data area for implementing sensor synchronization of each node.
7. The data communication architecture of claim 1, wherein during the transmission of the data frames, the real-time data of each sensor is transmitted by time slice division from the beginning of a period, and the non-real-time packets are transmitted by a time slice from the end of the real-time data to the end of the period.
8. The ring network data communication architecture device based on fiber vehicle ethernet of claim 1, wherein the electronic control unit comprises at least: the system comprises a first optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip, a first FPGA chip and an SOC chip, wherein the SOC chip is connected with the first FPGA chip, and the FPGA chip is connected with the first optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip.
9. The data communication architecture of claim 8, wherein the first FPGA chip receives data provided by the SOC chip via the data communication bus, schedules and frames the data according to a predetermined message protocol, and/or receives data frames received by the first PHY chip from the sensor, and unpacks the data frames from the sensor according to a predetermined message protocol;
and the first optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip acquires the data frame from the SOC, transmits the data frame to each sensor and/or receives the data frame sent by the sensor.
10. The fiber vehicle ethernet-based ring network data communication architecture of claim 8, wherein the first fiber vehicle ethernet PHY chip comprises an optical module and a PHY module, wherein the optical module is configured to convert an optical signal received from the fiber vehicle ethernet bus into an electrical signal and transmit the electrical signal to the PHY module, and/or convert an electrical signal from the PHY module into an optical signal and output the optical signal to the fiber vehicle ethernet bus to transmit the optical signal to the sensor.
11. The fiber optic vehicular ethernet-based ring network data communication architecture of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises one or more of a lidar, a millimeter wave radar, a vehicular ethernet camera, a display screen, and an ultrasonic radar.
12. The ring network data communication architecture based on the fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a main function chip, a second FPGA chip and a second fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip, wherein the second FPGA chip is respectively connected with the main function chip and the second fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip;
the main function chip is connected with the second FPGA chip through an MIPI interface, an I2C interface and a GPIO interface, wherein the MIPI interface is used for transmitting data generated by the main function chip, and the I2C interface or the GPIO interface is used for transmitting control signals to control the main function chip.
13. The fiber optic vehicular ethernet-based ring network data communication architecture of claim 12, wherein the second FPGA chip is connected to the second fiber optic vehicular ethernet PHY chip via an xGMII interface and an SMI interface, wherein the xGMII interface is used for transmitting vehicular ethernet data and the SMI interface is used for configuring the second fiber optic vehicular ethernet PHY chip.
14. The data communication architecture of claim 12, wherein the second FPGA chip receives data provided by the main function chip via the data communication bus, schedules and frames the data according to a predetermined message protocol, and/or receives data frames received by the second PHY chip from the electronic control unit, and unpacks the data frames from the electronic control unit according to the predetermined message protocol.
15. The fiber vehicle ethernet-based ring network data communication architecture of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a vehicle ethernet camera, the vehicle ethernet camera comprises an image sensor, a second FPGA chip, and a second fiber vehicle ethernet PHY chip, wherein the second FPGA chip is connected to the image sensor and the second fiber vehicle ethernet PHY chip, respectively;
the image sensor is connected with the second FPGA chip through an MIPI interface, an I2C interface and a GPIO interface, wherein the MIPI interface is used for transmitting image data collected by the image sensor, and the I2C interface or the GPIO interface is used for transmitting a control signal to realize control of the image sensor;
the second FPGA chip is connected with a second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip through an xGMII interface and an SMI interface, wherein the xGMII interface is used for transmitting vehicle-mounted Ethernet data, and the SMI interface is used for configuring the second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip;
the image data collected by the image sensor is packaged by the second FPGA chip according to the standard protocol of the vehicle-mounted Ethernet and then is sent to the second optical fiber vehicle-mounted Ethernet PHY chip;
the image data includes uncompressed original image data.
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