CN113133004A - Distributed unlicensed band LTE system frequency spectrum dynamic sharing data communication method - Google Patents
Distributed unlicensed band LTE system frequency spectrum dynamic sharing data communication method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a distributed unlicensed band LTE system frequency spectrum dynamic shared data communication method. The method comprises the steps of carrying out system design on the wireless communication system in the unlicensed frequency band, proposing problems possibly encountered by the system in actual operation, finding corresponding solutions and optimization algorithms aiming at the problems, applying the solutions and the optimization algorithms to the designed wireless communication system in the unlicensed frequency band, carrying out simulation operation on the designed wireless communication system in the unlicensed frequency band, and the like. The design of the invention designs the key technology of the physical layer of the unauthorized communication system based on the existing LTE standard, so that the system is suitable for the wireless transmission of the high-frequency unauthorized frequency band, simultaneously provides the problems and the limitations which can appear in the planned operation process of the system in the design process of the system, provides a solution and an optimization algorithm for each problem, and provides an effective reference basis for the implementation of the system after the optimization and the simulation operation of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a distributed unlicensed band LTE system frequency spectrum dynamic shared data communication method.
Background
With the advent of the information age, the amount of wireless traffic data is also undergoing explosive growth, and methods for increasing system capacity are urgently sought in order to meet the future wireless traffic demand. Almost all good spectrum resources suitable for wireless transmission have been allocated to be used up, however, many licensed spectrum have the disadvantage of low utilization in the case of such scarce spectrum resources. To avoid this waste, radio authorities are actively driving dynamic spectrum resource allocation schemes and opening up large numbers of unlicensed bands for free access by wireless devices. However, the existing LTE wireless system is not suitable for direct access to an unlicensed frequency band, and dynamic spectrum sharing data communication of the unlicensed frequency band system is not yet formally enabled, so that more limitations and problems still exist in the operation process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a distributed unlicensed band LTE system frequency spectrum dynamic shared data communication method to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an object of the present invention is to provide a distributed unlicensed band LTE system spectrum dynamic shared data communication method, including the following steps:
s1, carrying out system design on the wireless communication system of the unauthorized frequency band to ensure the feasibility and the engineering realizability;
s2, solving the problems possibly encountered in the actual operation of the designed unlicensed frequency band wireless communication system;
s3, finding out a corresponding solution and an optimization algorithm aiming at the problems;
s4, applying each solution and optimization algorithm to the designed unlicensed frequency band communication system;
s5, establishing a system simulation model, performing simulation operation on the designed unlicensed frequency band communication system, acquiring a simulation result, and guiding the implementation and operation of the distributed unlicensed frequency band LTE system spectrum dynamic shared data communication.
As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S1, the method for system design includes the following steps:
s1.1, designing key physical layer technologies of an LTE-U system based on the existing LTE standard, wherein the key physical layer technologies comprise a physical frame structure, a physical channel, reference signal distribution and the like, so that the LTE-U system is suitable for wireless transmission of high-frequency bands including millimeter wave bands;
s1.2, designing an LTE-U system based on a C/U plane decoupling network architecture, wherein feasibility design is carried out on basic network configuration such as a network architecture, a protocol stack and a frame structure, and system processes such as a measurement process, system broadcasting and switching;
s1.3, a novel LTE-U system unauthorized frequency band access mechanism is provided, and in the mechanism, an LTE-U system can reasonably adjust unauthorized frequency band access parameters according to wireless transmission parameters of Wi-Fi equipment;
s1.4, designing a 5G unlicensed and licensed frequency band combined access network architecture based on a C-RAN technology, so that the network architecture is low in complexity, high in flexibility, strong in signal processing and computing capacity, high in system operation efficiency and the like.
As a further improvement of the technical solution, in S1.1, the technical standard of the conventional LTE network is established for the low-frequency band below 5GHz, and most of the unlicensed frequency bands are distributed in the high-frequency band, so that the key technology of the physical layer of the LTE system in the unlicensed frequency band needs to be redesigned.
As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S2, the method for solving the problem includes the following steps:
s2.1, uncontrollable interference from other systems can possibly be suffered on an unauthorized frequency band, and the interference coordination problem is difficult to solve because different systems cannot cooperate with each other;
s2.2, due to high propagation loss and emission power limitation of a high-frequency unlicensed frequency band, a large-density small-cell network is required to provide coverage for the high-frequency unlicensed frequency band, and the problem of frequent switching among small cells is caused;
s2.3, due to the characteristics of unauthorized particularity and a C/U plane decoupling framework, the C/U plane decoupling LTE-U system suffers from serious switching problems, particularly in a high-mobility scene;
s2.4, a new LTE-U system unauthorized frequency band access mechanism cannot well acquire wireless transmission parameters of Wi-Fi equipment;
s2.5, the existing system unauthorized frequency band access mechanism can ensure the access fairness of the Wi-Fi system, but excessively sacrifices the throughput rate of the system on the unauthorized frequency band, particularly in a Wi-Fi dense scene;
s2.6, in the network system, the cost and the reliability of two network performances are mutually restricted, and a reasonable balance point between the two is difficult to find;
s2.7, sudden interference and channel measurement feedback time delay on the unauthorized frequency band have great influence on the accuracy of channel measurement and the effectiveness of resource allocation.
As a further improvement of the technical solution, in S2.2, in the C/U plane decoupling network architecture, the large and small interval handover needs to be performed through two physically separated handover processes between macro base stations and between small base stations, which may cause problems of delay in handover trigger, insufficient handover overlap area, and the like, resulting in a low handover success rate.
As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S3, the method for finding a solution and an optimization algorithm includes the following steps:
s3.1, based on the idea of multi-user diversity, providing an unauthorized frequency band channel allocation algorithm based on the Hungarian method to solve the interference coordination problem of the LTE-U system;
s3.2, providing a seamless switching scheme between small cells based on the characteristics of a C/U plane decoupling network architecture, wherein a macro base station uses an authorized frequency band to transmit data to a user during the switching execution period between the small cells, so that data interruption caused by hard switching of an LTE-U system is avoided;
s3.3, providing a switching judgment algorithm based on a grey prediction theory GM (1, n) model to solve the problem of switching between large and small areas in a high-mobility scene;
s3.4, designing an LTE-802.11 fusion protocol stack to enable an LTE-U system to effectively interpret control information in a physical frame transmitted by Wi-Fi equipment so as to obtain wireless transmission parameters of the Wi-Fi equipment;
s3.5, providing an optimization method of the maximum traversal capacity to obtain the optimal transmitting power and access duration of the LTE-U system on the unauthorized frequency band, and ensuring the access fairness of the Wi-Fi system and simultaneously enabling the LTE-U system to obtain higher throughput rate on the unauthorized frequency band;
s3.6, providing a new QoE utility, providing an optimization problem of maximizing the QoE performance of the network, and solving the optimization problem to obtain an optimal unauthorized and authorized frequency band joint distribution scheme so as to realize reasonable balance between the network cost and the reliable performance;
s3.7, an interference intensity estimation scheme based on a gray scale-Markov prediction model is provided, so that the interference intensity can be accurately estimated, and the negative influences of sudden interference on an unauthorized frequency band and channel measurement feedback time delay on the accuracy of channel measurement and the effectiveness of resource allocation can be relieved.
As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S3.3, a calculation expression of a gray theoretical GM (1, N) model is as follows:
if the system under consideration consists of several factors that influence each other, let
......
is a related factor sequence;
Is GM (1, N) grey differential equation.
As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S3.6, the QoE algorithm aims to maximize the average QoE of the users, and in each resource allocation process, the user with the largest QoE increment is selected to allocate sufficient resources to the user; assuming that each time-frequency resource block can only be allocated to one user at the same time, the specific flow of the time-frequency resource allocation algorithm in one frame is as follows:
(1) initializing parameters such as time-frequency resource block indication variables and packet loss rates, and averagely distributing the total transmission power to each subcarrier cluster;
(2) calculating the QoE value S of the user k at the current moment by utilizing the VoIP _ QoE utility function according to the packet loss rate of the user k at the current momentQoE，now，k；
(3) Calculating the packet loss rate after each user sends a data packet in the system, and calculating the QoE value S after user k sends a data packet by utilizing the VoIP _ QoE utility functionQoE，after，k；
(4) Calculating QoE increment S obtained after all users send a packet and before all users send the packet by using the QoE values obtained in the steps (2) and (3)QoE，add，k＝SQoE，after，k-SQoE，now，kAnd selecting the user with the largest QoE increment
Allocating resources for its preference;
(5) judging whether data needs to be sent to a user cache, if so, performing the step (6); if not, the user is excluded, and the step (4) is returned;
(6) selecting a subcarrier cluster with the best channel gain for the user by using the feedback CSI of the user at the current moment until the user can send a data packet, and marking the allocated time-frequency resource block as allocated;
(7) judging whether the time frequency resource block is completely distributed, and entering the next frame if the time frequency resource block is completely distributed; otherwise, continuing the distribution in the step (8);
(8) updating information such as waiting queues, packet loss rates and the like of all users, and if no data is sent in all user caches, finishing distribution; otherwise, returning to the step (2).
As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S3.7, the method for applying the gray-scale markov prediction model includes the following steps:
s3.7.1, establishing a GM (1,1) model;
s3.7.2, establishing a gray-Markov model;
s3.7.3, using a grey-Markov model to extrapolate and predict the interference strength at the next moment.
As a further improvement of the present technical solution, in S3.7.2, the method for establishing the gray-markov model includes the following steps:
step1, establishing a grading standard according to the relative error distribution of the fitting value of the previous moment obtained by the GM (1,1) model, and dividing the states according to the grading standard;
step2, calculating a transition probability and establishing a transition probability matrix;
step3, the result of the GM (1,1) model is corrected using the transition matrix.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide an operating device of a spectrum dynamic shared data communication method for a distributed unlicensed band LTE system, which includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and operated on the processor, where the processor is configured to implement any one of the steps of the spectrum dynamic shared data communication method for the distributed unlicensed band LTE system when executing the computer program.
The third objective of the present invention is that the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the above-mentioned methods for spectrum dynamic shared data communication of the distributed unlicensed band LTE system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: in the distributed unlicensed frequency band LTE system frequency spectrum dynamic shared data communication method, a physical layer key technology of an unlicensed communication system is designed based on the existing LTE standard, so that the distributed unlicensed frequency band LTE system frequency spectrum dynamic shared data communication method is suitable for wireless transmission of high-frequency unlicensed frequency bands, simultaneously, problems and limitations which possibly occur in the planned operation process of the system are provided in the design process of the system, solutions and optimization algorithms are provided for all the problems, and in addition, effective reference basis is provided for the implementation of the system after the system is optimized and simulated to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a partial method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a second flowchart of a partial method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a third flowchart of a partial method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a fourth flowchart of a partial method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an exemplary computer program product of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Method embodiment
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 6, an object of this embodiment is to provide a spectrum dynamic shared data communication method of a distributed unlicensed band LTE system, including the following steps:
s1, carrying out system design on the wireless communication system of the unauthorized frequency band to ensure the feasibility and the engineering realizability;
s2, solving the problems possibly encountered in the actual operation of the designed unlicensed frequency band wireless communication system;
s3, finding out a corresponding solution and an optimization algorithm aiming at the problems;
s4, applying each solution and optimization algorithm to the designed unlicensed frequency band communication system;
s5, establishing a system simulation model, performing simulation operation on the designed unlicensed frequency band communication system, acquiring a simulation result, and guiding the implementation and operation of the distributed unlicensed frequency band LTE system spectrum dynamic shared data communication.
2. The distributed unlicensed band LTE system spectrum dynamic shared data communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S1, the method for system design includes the following steps:
s1.1, designing key physical layer technologies of an LTE-U system based on the existing LTE standard, wherein the key physical layer technologies comprise a physical frame structure, a physical channel, reference signal distribution and the like, so that the LTE-U system is suitable for wireless transmission of high-frequency bands including millimeter wave bands;
s1.2, designing an LTE-U system based on a C/U plane decoupling network architecture, wherein feasibility design is carried out on basic network configuration such as a network architecture, a protocol stack and a frame structure, and system processes such as a measurement process, system broadcasting and switching;
s1.3, a novel LTE-U system unauthorized frequency band access mechanism is provided, and in the mechanism, an LTE-U system can reasonably adjust unauthorized frequency band access parameters according to wireless transmission parameters of Wi-Fi equipment;
s1.4, designing a 5G unlicensed and licensed frequency band combined access network architecture based on a C-RAN technology, so that the network architecture is low in complexity, high in flexibility, strong in signal processing and computing capacity, high in system operation efficiency and the like.
In S1.2, the problems of high complexity, high resource management and network optimization difficulty and the like of a traditional LTE-U network are solved through the optimization design of a system network architecture.
Specifically, in S1.1, the technical standard of the conventional LTE network is established for a low-frequency band below 5GHz, and most of the unlicensed frequency bands are distributed in the high-frequency band, so that the key technology of the physical layer of the LTE system in the unlicensed frequency band needs to be redesigned.
In this embodiment, in S2, the method for solving the problem includes the following steps:
s2.1, uncontrollable interference from other systems can possibly be suffered on an unauthorized frequency band, and the interference coordination problem is difficult to solve because different systems cannot cooperate with each other;
s2.2, due to high propagation loss and emission power limitation of a high-frequency unlicensed frequency band, a large-density small-cell network is required to provide coverage for the high-frequency unlicensed frequency band, and the problem of frequent switching among small cells is caused;
s2.3, due to the characteristics of unauthorized particularity and a C/U plane decoupling framework, the C/U plane decoupling LTE-U system suffers from serious switching problems, particularly in a high-mobility scene;
s2.4, a new LTE-U system unauthorized frequency band access mechanism cannot well acquire wireless transmission parameters of Wi-Fi equipment;
s2.5, the existing system unauthorized frequency band access mechanism can ensure the access fairness of the Wi-Fi system, but excessively sacrifices the throughput rate of the system on the unauthorized frequency band, particularly in a Wi-Fi dense scene;
s2.6, in the network system, the cost and the reliability of two network performances are mutually restricted, and a reasonable balance point between the two is difficult to find;
s2.7, sudden interference and channel measurement feedback time delay on the unauthorized frequency band have great influence on the accuracy of channel measurement and the effectiveness of resource allocation.
In S2.1, when the interference coordination problem is solved, a power control method may result in whether a contention system increases transmission power to ensure its communication quality, thereby causing a malignant contention on an unlicensed frequency band.
Specifically, in S2.2, in the C/U plane decoupling network architecture, the large and small interval handover needs to be performed through two physically separated handover processes between macro base stations and between small base stations, which may cause problems of delay in handover trigger, insufficient handover overlap area, and the like, resulting in a low handover success rate.
In S2.5, the currently proposed unlicensed frequency band access mechanism of the LTE-U system is mostly similar to a CSMA/CA MAC layer mechanism, such as dynamic spectrum selection and Listen Before Talk (LBT), and the mechanisms may excessively sacrifice the throughput rate of the system in the unlicensed frequency band during the operation process.
In S2.6, if low cost is pursued, more unlicensed frequency bands are needed to carry data transmission, which results in low reliability; high reliability means that more licensed bands need to be used to provide wireless transmission, increasing cost.
In this embodiment, in S3, the method for finding a solution and an optimization algorithm includes the following steps:
s3.1, based on the idea of multi-user diversity, providing an unauthorized frequency band channel allocation algorithm based on the Hungarian method to solve the interference coordination problem of the LTE-U system;
s3.2, providing a seamless switching scheme between small cells based on the characteristics of a C/U plane decoupling network architecture, wherein a macro base station uses an authorized frequency band to transmit data to a user during the switching execution period between the small cells, so that data interruption caused by hard switching of an LTE-U system is avoided;
s3.3, providing a switching judgment algorithm based on a grey prediction theory GM (1, n) model to solve the problem of switching between large and small areas in a high-mobility scene;
s3.4, designing an LTE-802.11 fusion protocol stack to enable an LTE-U system to effectively interpret control information in a physical frame transmitted by Wi-Fi equipment so as to obtain wireless transmission parameters of the Wi-Fi equipment;
s3.5, providing an optimization method of the maximum traversal capacity to obtain the optimal transmitting power and access duration of the LTE-U system on the unauthorized frequency band, and ensuring the access fairness of the Wi-Fi system and simultaneously enabling the LTE-U system to obtain higher throughput rate on the unauthorized frequency band;
s3.6, providing a new QoE utility, providing an optimization problem of maximizing the QoE performance of the network, and solving the optimization problem to obtain an optimal unauthorized and authorized frequency band joint distribution scheme so as to realize reasonable balance between the network cost and the reliable performance;
s3.7, an interference intensity estimation scheme based on a gray scale-Markov prediction model is provided, so that the interference intensity can be accurately estimated, and the negative influences of sudden interference on an unauthorized frequency band and channel measurement feedback time delay on the accuracy of channel measurement and the effectiveness of resource allocation can be relieved.
In S3.6, a cost minimization method is conventionally used to reduce the cost, but although the minimization method can sufficiently analyze the mutual constraint relationship between the network cost and the reliability performance, a reasonable balance point between the network cost and the reliability performance cannot be found.
Further, in S3.3, the computational expression of the gray theoretical GM (1, N) model is as follows:
if the system under consideration consists of several factors that influence each other, let
......
is a related factor sequence;
Is GM (1, N) grey differential equation.
Specifically, in S3.7, the switching judgment algorithm is suitable for high-mobility scenes, such as high-speed railways, and can enable a train to trigger switching in advance when the train runs to a reasonable position, so that the switching success rate can be remarkably improved.
Further, in S3.6, the goal of the QoE algorithm is to maximize the average QoE of the users, and in each resource allocation process, the user with the largest QoE increment is selected to allocate sufficient resources to the user; assuming that each time-frequency resource block can only be allocated to one user at the same time, the specific flow of the time-frequency resource allocation algorithm in one frame is as follows:
(1) initializing parameters such as time-frequency resource block indication variables and packet loss rates, and averagely distributing the total transmission power to each subcarrier cluster;
(2) calculating the QoE value S of the user k at the current moment by utilizing the VoIP _ QoE utility function according to the packet loss rate of the user k at the current momentQoE，now，k；
(3) Calculating the packet loss rate after each user sends a data packet in the system, and calculating the QoE value S after user k sends a data packet by utilizing the VoIP _ QoE utility functionQoE，after，k；
(4) Calculating the QoE value obtained in the steps (2) and (3) after all users send a packetAnd the QoE increment S obtained before the packet is not sentQoE，add，k＝SQoE，after，k-SQoE，now，kAnd selecting the user with the largest QoE increment
Allocating resources for its preference;
(5) judging whether data needs to be sent to a user cache, if so, performing the step (6); if not, the user is excluded, and the step (4) is returned;
(6) selecting a subcarrier cluster with the best channel gain for the user by using the feedback CSI of the user at the current moment until the user can send a data packet, and marking the allocated time-frequency resource block as allocated;
(7) judging whether the time frequency resource block is completely distributed, and entering the next frame if the time frequency resource block is completely distributed; otherwise, continuing the distribution in the step (8);
(8) updating information such as waiting queues, packet loss rates and the like of all users, and if no data is sent in all user caches, finishing distribution; otherwise, returning to the step (2).
After the time-frequency resource blocks are distributed, water injection power distribution can be carried out on the subcarrier clusters of a certain time slot t, and system and capacity performance are maximized.
Further, in S3.7, the application method of the gray-scale-markov prediction model includes the following steps:
s3.7.1, establishing a GM (1,1) model;
s3.7.2, establishing a gray-Markov model;
s3.7.3, using a grey-Markov model to extrapolate and predict the interference strength at the next moment.
Specifically, S3.7.2, the method for building the gray-markov model includes the following steps:
step1, establishing a grading standard according to the relative error distribution of the fitting value of the previous moment obtained by the GM (1,1) model, and dividing the states according to the grading standard;
step2, calculating a transition probability and establishing a transition probability matrix;
step3, the result of the GM (1,1) model is corrected using the transition matrix.
Computer program product embodiment
Referring to fig. 6, a schematic structural diagram of an operating apparatus of a distributed unlicensed band LTE system spectrum dynamic shared data communication method is shown, where the apparatus includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and operating on the processor.
The processor comprises one or more processing cores, the processor is connected with the processor through a bus, the memory is used for storing program instructions, and the distributed unlicensed band LTE system spectrum dynamic shared data communication method is realized when the processor executes the program instructions in the memory.
Alternatively, the memory may be implemented by any type or combination of volatile or non-volatile memory devices, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic or optical disks.
In addition, the present invention further provides a computer readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned method for communicating data dynamically shared by spectrum of the distributed unlicensed band LTE system are implemented.
Optionally, the present invention further provides a computer program product containing instructions, which when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the steps of the above-mentioned aspects of the distributed unlicensed band LTE system spectrum dynamic shared data communication method.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps of implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a program, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory, a magnetic or optical disk, and the like.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The distributed unlicensed band LTE system frequency spectrum dynamic sharing data communication method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out system design on the wireless communication system of the unauthorized frequency band to ensure the feasibility and the engineering realizability;
s2, solving the problems possibly encountered in the actual operation of the designed unlicensed frequency band wireless communication system;
s3, finding out a corresponding solution and an optimization algorithm aiming at the problems;
s4, applying each solution and optimization algorithm to the designed unlicensed frequency band communication system;
s5, establishing a system simulation model, performing simulation operation on the designed unlicensed frequency band communication system, acquiring a simulation result, and guiding the implementation and operation of the distributed unlicensed frequency band LTE system spectrum dynamic shared data communication.
2. The distributed unlicensed band LTE system spectrum dynamic shared data communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S1, the method for system design includes the following steps:
s1.1, designing key physical layer technologies of an LTE-U system based on the existing LTE standard, wherein the key physical layer technologies comprise a physical frame structure, a physical channel, reference signal distribution and the like, so that the LTE-U system is suitable for wireless transmission of high-frequency bands including millimeter wave bands;
s1.2, designing an LTE-U system based on a C/U plane decoupling network architecture, wherein feasibility design is carried out on basic network configuration such as a network architecture, a protocol stack and a frame structure, and system processes such as a measurement process, system broadcasting and switching;
s1.3, a novel LTE-U system unauthorized frequency band access mechanism is provided, and in the mechanism, an LTE-U system can reasonably adjust unauthorized frequency band access parameters according to wireless transmission parameters of Wi-Fi equipment;
s1.4, designing a 5G unlicensed and licensed frequency band combined access network architecture based on a C-RAN technology, so that the network architecture is low in complexity, high in flexibility, strong in signal processing and computing capacity, high in system operation efficiency and the like.
3. The distributed unlicensed band LTE system spectrum dynamic shared data communication method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in S1.1, the technical standards of the conventional LTE network are set for the low-frequency band below 5GHz, and the unlicensed frequency bands are mostly distributed in the high-frequency band, so that the key technology of the physical layer of the LTE system in the unlicensed frequency band needs to be redesigned.
4. The distributed unlicensed band LTE system spectrum dynamic shared data communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S2, the method for presenting a question includes the steps of:
s2.1, uncontrollable interference from other systems can possibly be suffered on an unauthorized frequency band, and the interference coordination problem is difficult to solve because different systems cannot cooperate with each other;
s2.2, due to high propagation loss and emission power limitation of a high-frequency unlicensed frequency band, a large-density small-cell network is required to provide coverage for the high-frequency unlicensed frequency band, and the problem of frequent switching among small cells is caused;
s2.3, due to the characteristics of unauthorized particularity and a C/U plane decoupling framework, the C/U plane decoupling LTE-U system suffers from serious switching problems, particularly in a high-mobility scene;
s2.4, a new LTE-U system unauthorized frequency band access mechanism cannot well acquire wireless transmission parameters of Wi-Fi equipment;
s2.5, the existing system unauthorized frequency band access mechanism can ensure the access fairness of the Wi-Fi system, but excessively sacrifices the throughput rate of the system on the unauthorized frequency band, particularly in a Wi-Fi dense scene;
s2.6, in the network system, the cost and the reliability of two network performances are mutually restricted, and a reasonable balance point between the two is difficult to find;
s2.7, sudden interference and channel measurement feedback time delay on the unauthorized frequency band have great influence on the accuracy of channel measurement and the effectiveness of resource allocation.
5. The distributed unlicensed band LTE system spectrum dynamic shared data communication method of claim 4, characterized in that: in the S2.2, in the C/U plane decoupling network architecture, the large and small interval handover needs to be performed through two physically separated handover processes between macro base stations and between small base stations, which may cause problems of handover trigger lag, insufficient handover overlapping area, and the like, resulting in a low handover success rate.
6. The distributed unlicensed band LTE system spectrum dynamic shared data communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S3, the method for finding a solution and optimizing an algorithm includes the following steps:
s3.1, based on the idea of multi-user diversity, providing an unauthorized frequency band channel allocation algorithm based on the Hungarian method to solve the interference coordination problem of the LTE-U system;
s3.2, providing a seamless switching scheme between small cells based on the characteristics of a C/U plane decoupling network architecture, wherein a macro base station uses an authorized frequency band to transmit data to a user during the switching execution period between the small cells, so that data interruption caused by hard switching of an LTE-U system is avoided;
s3.3, providing a switching judgment algorithm based on a grey prediction theory GM (1, n) model to solve the problem of switching between large and small areas in a high-mobility scene;
s3.4, designing an LTE-802.11 fusion protocol stack to enable an LTE-U system to effectively interpret control information in a physical frame transmitted by Wi-Fi equipment so as to obtain wireless transmission parameters of the Wi-Fi equipment;
s3.5, providing an optimization method of the maximum traversal capacity to obtain the optimal transmitting power and access duration of the LTE-U system on the unauthorized frequency band, and ensuring the access fairness of the Wi-Fi system and simultaneously enabling the LTE-U system to obtain higher throughput rate on the unauthorized frequency band;
s3.6, providing a new QoE utility, providing an optimization problem of maximizing the QoE performance of the network, and solving the optimization problem to obtain an optimal unauthorized and authorized frequency band joint distribution scheme so as to realize reasonable balance between the network cost and the reliable performance;
s3.7, an interference intensity estimation scheme based on a gray scale-Markov prediction model is provided, so that the interference intensity can be accurately estimated, and the negative influences of sudden interference on an unauthorized frequency band and channel measurement feedback time delay on the accuracy of channel measurement and the effectiveness of resource allocation can be relieved.
7. The distributed unlicensed band LTE system spectrum dynamic shared data communication method according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the S3.3, the calculation expression of the gray theoretical GM (1, N) model is as follows:
if the system under consideration consists of several factors that influence each other, let
is a related factor sequence;
Is GM (1, N) grey differential equation.
8. The distributed unlicensed band LTE system spectrum dynamic shared data communication method according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the step S3.6, the target of the QoE algorithm is to maximize the average QoE of the users, and in each resource allocation process, the user with the largest QoE increment is selected to allocate sufficient resources to the user; assuming that each time-frequency resource block can only be allocated to one user at the same time, the specific flow of the time-frequency resource allocation algorithm in one frame is as follows:
(1) initializing parameters such as time-frequency resource block indication variables and packet loss rates, and averagely distributing the total transmission power to each subcarrier cluster;
(2) calculating the QoE value S of the user k at the current moment by utilizing the VoIP _ QoE utility function according to the packet loss rate of the user k at the current momentQoE，now，k；
(3) Calculating the packet loss rate after each user sends a data packet in the system, and calculating the QoE value S after user k sends a data packet by utilizing the VoIP _ QoE utility functionQoE，after，k；
(4) Calculating QoE increment S obtained after all users send a packet and before all users send the packet by using the QoE values obtained in the steps (2) and (3)QoE，add，k＝SQoE，after，k-SQoE，now，kAnd selecting the user with the largest QoE increment
Allocating resources for its preference;
(5) judging whether data needs to be sent to a user cache, if so, performing the step (6); if not, the user is excluded, and the step (4) is returned;
(6) selecting a subcarrier cluster with the best channel gain for the user by using the feedback CSI of the user at the current moment until the user can send a data packet, and marking the allocated time-frequency resource block as allocated;
(7) judging whether the time frequency resource block is completely distributed, and entering the next frame if the time frequency resource block is completely distributed; otherwise, continuing the distribution in the step (8);
(8) updating information such as waiting queues, packet loss rates and the like of all users, and if no data is sent in all user caches, finishing distribution; otherwise, returning to the step (2).
9. The distributed unlicensed band LTE system spectrum dynamic shared data communication method according to claim 6, characterized in that: in S3.7, the application method of the gray-scale markov prediction model includes the following steps:
s3.7.1, establishing a GM (1,1) model;
s3.7.2, establishing a gray-Markov model;
s3.7.3, using a grey-Markov model to extrapolate and predict the interference strength at the next moment.
10. The distributed unlicensed band LTE system spectrum dynamic shared data communication method according to claim 9, characterized in that: in S3.7.2, the method for establishing the gray-markov model comprises the following steps:
step1, establishing a grading standard according to the relative error distribution of the fitting value of the previous moment obtained by the GM (1,1) model, and dividing the states according to the grading standard;
step2, calculating a transition probability and establishing a transition probability matrix;
step3, the result of the GM (1,1) model is corrected using the transition matrix.
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