CN113113911A - Intelligent measurement switch with topology identification function and topology identification method - Google Patents
Intelligent measurement switch with topology identification function and topology identification method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00001—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by the display of information or by user interaction, e.g. supervisory control and data acquisition systems [SCADA] or graphical user interfaces [GUI]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00007—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00028—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment involving the use of Internet protocols
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- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
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- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
- Y04S40/121—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent measurement switch with a topology identification function and a topology identification method, wherein the switch comprises a main control module, a power supply module, a metering module, a communication module, a clock module and a topology identification current generation module; the power supply module, the metering module, the communication module, the clock module and the topology identification current generation module are all connected with the main control module; the communication module is used for remote communication with the uplink equipment; the clock module is used for realizing accurate clock data; the topology identification current generation module is used for generating a topology identification current signal; the metering module is used for collecting the topology identification current signal and analyzing the topology identification current signal to obtain a corresponding topology position; the main control module is used for sending a current sending instruction to the topology identification current generation module, receiving an output signal of the metering module and sending the output signal to the terminal through the communication module. The method has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, improvement of power supply reliability and power grid operation and maintenance management level, high topology identification accuracy and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of intelligent power grids, in particular to an intelligent measurement switch with a topology identification function and a topology identification method.
Background
With the increasing investment of national grid companies in the aspect of smart grid construction, the smart grid construction has remarkable effect, and the functions of smart grid such as fault first-aid repair, line loss management, electric larceny prevention and the like are widely applied. However, the topology of the existing system is inconsistent with the actual topology, so that the accuracy of the final result data is greatly reduced. In low voltage distribution networks, the lack or inaccuracy of network topology information is a concern. The accurate user side phase and topological connection relation has important significance for operation and maintenance management of the power distribution network. Typically, power companies record and manage network connection information for various power distribution equipment and assets in an enterprise geographic information system. However, a considerable number of enterprise GIS cover only medium voltage distribution networks, with less information about low voltage distribution networks. Due to the wide coverage of the distribution network, the rapid change of the power supply, the lack of working resources and effective technical means for establishing a low-voltage network topology at the downstream of the distribution transformer, and the addition of frequent line upgrading and new customers, at present, the GIS of most domestic electric power companies has no topology record of the low-voltage distribution network. Manual online troubleshooting is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and automatic system change after topology change cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the intelligent measurement switch with the topology identification function and the topology identification method, which are simple and convenient to operate and can improve the power supply reliability and the power grid operation and maintenance management level.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an intelligent measurement switch with a topology identification function comprises a main control module, a power supply module, a metering module, a communication module, a clock module and a topology identification current generation module; the power supply module, the metering module, the communication module, the clock module and the topology identification current generation module are all connected with the main control module; the communication module is used for remote communication with the uplink equipment; the clock module is used for realizing accurate clock data; the topology identification current generation module is used for generating a topology identification current signal; the metering module is used for collecting topology identification current signals and analyzing the topology identification current signals to obtain corresponding topology positions; the master control module is used for issuing a current sending instruction to the topology identification current generation module, receiving an output signal of the metering module and sending the output signal to the terminal through the communication module.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution:
the metering module comprises a current sampling circuit and a CT power taking circuit, wherein the current sampling circuit is used for sampling a topology identification current signal; the current sampling circuit comprises three sub-circuits, and each sub-circuit comprises a current transformer, a rectifier bridge, an RC filter circuit and an amplifying circuit which are sequentially connected; the CT power-taking circuit is used for providing direct-current power for other modules by combining with the power module when the voltage power-taking is abnormal.
The power supply module comprises a rectifying circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit, and the rectifying circuit is connected with the voltage stabilizing circuit in series; the rectifier circuit is used for converting alternating current electric energy input by a power grid into direct current electric energy, and the voltage stabilizing circuit is used for converting the direct current electric energy into stable direct current electric energy and supplying power; the voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a 5V power supply circuit and a 3.3V power supply circuit, wherein the 5V power supply circuit is used for converting direct current electric energy into stable 5V power supply voltage and supplying power, and the 3.3V power supply circuit is used for converting a 5V power supply into a 3.3V power supply and supplying power; the rectified power VCC rectified by the rectifying circuit is grounded and filtered through capacitors C2 and C3, then is input to the input end of the chip VR1, the +5V power signal is directly input to the output end of the chip VR1, and is grounded and filtered through capacitors C4 and C5, then is protected by a diode D1, and then is input to the input end of the power chip VR 2; the output terminal of the power supply chip VR2 directly outputs +3.3V power supply signal, and is grounded and filtered through capacitors C6 and C7.
The invention also discloses a topology identification method based on the intelligent measurement switch with the topology identification function, which comprises the following steps:
1) installing each intelligent measurement switch at a power utilization terminal needing topology identification, and networking;
2) sending a 'topology data clearing' instruction to all intelligent measurement switches, and after the topology data is cleared, sending a 'topology identification current signal' instruction to the ith intelligent measurement switch; generating a topology identification current signal corresponding to the topology identification current generation module;
3) sending a 'topology data query' instruction to all intelligent measurement switches, wherein the metering module is used for collecting topology identification current signals and analyzing the topology identification current signals to obtain corresponding topology positions;
4) and then sending a 'topology signal sending' instruction to the (i + 1) th intelligent measurement switch until all switches are polled, and analyzing the inquired topology data to form a topology relation graph.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution:
in step 2), the specific process of generating the topology identification current signal corresponding to the topology identification current generation module is as follows: and performing voltage zero crossing point detection, opening an IO port corresponding to the main control module after detecting the voltage zero crossing, injecting the topology identification current signal, and automatically closing the IO port corresponding to the main control module after the voltage zero crossing to complete the injection of the topology identification current signal.
In step 3), the metering module receives the topology identification command of the main control module, enters a signal monitoring state, receives and analyzes topology identification current signals of the topology identification current generation modules from other intelligent measurement switches in real time, judges the transformer area where the metering module is located, automatically draws the network topology structure of the low-voltage transformer area from a transformer to a branch box, the branch box to a meter box, the meter box to a household meter, and transmits data to the main control module.
After the step 4), the method also comprises a step 5): and judging the accuracy of the topological relation graph.
The specific process of the step 5) is as follows:
5.1) dividing the network topological relation of the low-voltage transformer area according to the hierarchy of the transformer, the branch box, the meter box and the household meter in sequence;
5.2) acquiring voltage and current data of the transformer, the branch box, the meter box and the household meter through the metering modules of the intelligent metering switches;
5.3) calculating the line loss from the transformer to the branch box, from the branch box to the meter box and from the meter box to the household meter respectively to finally obtain the corresponding line loss rate;
and 5.4) judging whether the corresponding line loss rate is in a preset range, if so, judging that the corresponding network topology relation is correct, otherwise, judging that the network terminal topology is abnormal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
according to the invention, the topology identification current signal is generated by the topology identification current generation module, the metering module is used for acquiring the topology identification current signal and analyzing the topology identification current signal to obtain the corresponding topology position, finally the low-voltage distribution network topology structure is obtained, the change of the distribution network topology structure can be monitored in real time on line, the real-time monitoring and reporting of the low-voltage distribution network topology structure are realized, and the improvement of the power supply reliability and the operation and maintenance management level of the power grid are facilitated. In addition, the intelligent measuring switch with the topology identification function has a simple structure.
The topology identification scheme based on the intelligent measurement switch respectively designs the main control module, the power supply module, the topology current identification module and the like, so that the characteristics and key parameters of topology identification current are defined, a perfect topology identification process is provided, an information coding mode and a data frame format are provided, and a communication network protocol stack structure and a message packaging format are designed; the experimental verification and analysis show that the topology identification time is short, the power consumption is low, the identification accuracy rate reaches 100%, the defects in the prior art can be effectively overcome, the method can be popularized and applied in a low-voltage distribution network in a large scale, and the prospect is very wide.
In the process of identifying the topology identification current signal, the zero-crossing time point of the topology identification current can be compared with the zero-crossing point of each phase of the power distribution network, if the zero-crossing time points of the topology identification current and the zero-crossing time points of each phase of the power distribution network are the same, the corresponding nodes can be judged to be positioned on corresponding phase lines, different nodes on different phase lines can be further obtained through comparison, and the accurate drawing of a subsequent topological structure is realized.
The invention calculates and judges the line loss rate among all layers so as to judge whether the corresponding network topology is correct or not and ensure that the final network topology relation is accurate and correct.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an intelligent measurement switch according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of a main control module according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of a clock module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a transmission flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the topology identification current signature of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a circuit schematic diagram of a power module according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a circuit schematic of a voltage sampling module of the present invention in an embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of a CT power-taking module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a topology identification method of the present invention in an embodiment.
Fig. 10 is a diagram of a communication network protocol stack definition of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a packet encapsulation format according to the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a topology structure diagram after the measurement switch is networked according to the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings: 1. a main control module; 2. a power supply module; 3. a metering module; 4. a communication module; 5. a clock module; 6. the topology identification current generation module.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments of the description.
As shown in fig. 1, the intelligent measurement switch with topology identification function of the present embodiment includes a main control module, a power module, a metering module, a communication module, a clock module, and a topology identification current generation module; the power supply module, the metering module, the communication module, the clock module and the topology identification current generation module are all connected with the main control module; the communication module is used for remote communication with the uplink equipment; the clock module is used for realizing accurate clock data; the topology identification current generation module is used for generating a topology identification current signal; the metering module is used for collecting the topology identification current signal and analyzing the topology identification current signal to obtain a corresponding topology position; the main control module is used for sending a current sending instruction to the topology identification current generation module, receiving an output signal of the metering module and sending the output signal to the terminal through the communication module.
According to the invention, the topology identification current signal is generated by the topology identification current generation module, the metering module is used for acquiring the topology identification current signal and analyzing the topology identification current signal to obtain the corresponding topology position, finally the low-voltage distribution network topology structure is obtained, the change of the distribution network topology structure can be monitored in real time on line, the real-time monitoring and reporting of the low-voltage distribution network topology structure are realized, and the improvement of the power supply reliability and the operation and maintenance management level of the power grid are facilitated.
In a specific embodiment, the topology identification current generation module is configured to generate a topology identification current signal (current coding signal) that can be identified by other intelligent measurement switches in the same branch, perform voltage zero crossing point detection (rising), wait for 7ms after detecting a voltage zero crossing (fixed delay of 2ms), open an IO port corresponding to the main control module, and perform large current pulse injection; and automatically closing after the zero crossing to finish short-time current pulse injection.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the power supply module includes a rectifying circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit, and the rectifying circuit and the voltage stabilizing circuit are connected in series; the rectifier circuit is used for converting alternating current electric energy input by a power grid into direct current electric energy, and the voltage stabilizing circuit is used for converting the direct current electric energy into stable direct current electric energy and supplying power; the voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a 5V power circuit and a 3.3V power circuit, wherein the 5V power circuit is used for converting direct current electric energy into stable 5V power voltage and supplying power, and the 3.3V power circuit is used for converting a 5V power into a 3.3V power and supplying power.
Specifically, the 5V power supply circuit is composed of a power supply chip of the model LM78L05, and the like; the 3.3V power supply circuit is a circuit including a power supply chip of type HT 7533-1. The rectified power VCC is grounded and filtered through capacitors C2 and C3, then is input to the input end of a VR1 chip, and the output end of the chip directly inputs a +5V power signal, is grounded and filtered through capacitors C4 and C5, then is protected by a diode D1, and then is input to the input end of a power chip VR 2; the output terminal of VR2 directly outputs the +3.3V power signal, and is grounded and filtered through capacitors C6 and C7.
In a specific embodiment, the metering module is used for collecting metering data and accurately identifying topology identification current, the metering module performs data analysis on topology identification current signals sent by topology identification current generation modules of other collected intelligent metering switches, network topology structures of a low-voltage transformer area from a transformer to a branch box, the branch box to a meter box and the meter box to a household meter are automatically drawn, data are transmitted to a terminal, and the terminal displays the data in a graphic mode. The metering module receives the topology identification command of the main control module, enters a signal monitoring state, receives and analyzes current signals from other intelligent measurement switch topology identification generation modules in real time, judges the distribution area where the current signals are located, and simultaneously feeds back the result to the terminal through the communication module.
Specifically, the metering module includes a current sampling circuit and a CT taking circuit, wherein the circuit principle of the current sampling circuit is shown in fig. 7. Secondary side voltage signals of the externally input 3-path current transformer are rectified through a rectifier bridge (D12, D13 and D14), filtered through respective RC circuits (one group is composed of R37, R39 and C29, one group is composed of R41, R44 and C30, and one group is composed of R47, R50 and C31), amplified through an amplifying circuit composed of operational amplifiers, and sampled voltage conversion signals are obtained and uploaded.
The principle of the CT power-taking circuit is shown in fig. 8, and the CT power-taking circuit is used for providing a direct-current power supply for other modules (including a main control module, a communication module and the like) by combining with a power supply module when the voltage power-taking is abnormal. The current passing through the bridge rectifier is used for charging an electrolytic capacitor C34 through D16, C34 is used as an energy storage element for CT electricity taking, and the voltage is I-VCC. D18 plays a role in protection and prevents the voltage from being too high. The U10 is a voltage regulator transistor, and can output high-precision 2.495V voltage, so that the VINB-pin of the U9 is stabilized at 2.495V. And the U9 is used as a voltage comparator, and when the voltage of the VINb + is greater than the VINb-, a high level is output to turn on the Q4 triode so that current flows to the GND directly and the capacitor is not charged any more. Therefore, the I-VCC voltage can output stable 2.495 x (1+100K/33K) to 10.06V voltage, and the voltage can supply power to the power chip under the condition of abnormal power taking of the voltage, so as to provide the required direct current power supplies of 5V, 3.3V and the like for the control loop.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the main control module is configured to perform online processing on the collected metering collection data and the topology identification command, receive an accurate time synchronization task set by the terminal, perform accurate time synchronization on the clock module every day, and ensure time consistency, where a time deviation is less than 9 s. The main control module receives time distribution, instruction sending, sending interval setting and the like issued by the terminal through the communication module, and combs and analyzes the collected time marks to obtain a real physical topology. The main control module uses DMA to store original data, reads and analyzes the data in the DMA, and if the data is larger than a critical value and is in a monitoring pulse signal state, the device sending the state is considered to be at the front end of the receiving module. The main control module is a circuit formed by a controller chip of the model STM32F103RCT 6.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the clock module is specifically formed by a clock chip with model number RX 8025T.
As shown in fig. 9, the present invention also discloses a topology identification method based on the intelligent measurement switch with topology identification function, which includes the following steps:
1) installing each intelligent measurement switch at a power utilization terminal needing topology identification, and networking;
2) sending a 'topology data clearing' instruction to all intelligent measurement switches, and after the topology data is cleared, sending a 'topology identification current signal' instruction to the ith intelligent measurement switch; generating a topology identification current signal corresponding to the topology identification current generation module;
3) sending a 'topology data query' instruction to all intelligent measurement switches, wherein the metering module is used for collecting topology identification current signals and analyzing the topology identification current signals to obtain corresponding topology positions;
4) and then sending a 'topology signal sending' instruction to the (i + 1) th intelligent measurement switch until all switches are polled, and analyzing the inquired topology data to form a topology relation graph.
In a specific embodiment, in step 2), the specific process of generating the topology identification current signal corresponding to the topology identification current generation module is as follows: and performing voltage zero crossing point detection, opening an IO port corresponding to the main control module after detecting the voltage zero crossing, injecting the topology identification current signal, and automatically closing the IO port corresponding to the main control module after the voltage zero crossing to complete the injection of the topology identification current signal. In the subsequent process of identifying the topology identification current signal, the zero-crossing time point of the current signal can be compared with the zero-crossing point of each phase of the power distribution network, if the zero-crossing time points of the current signal and the zero-crossing time points of the current signal are the same, the corresponding node can be judged to be positioned on the corresponding phase line, different nodes on different phase lines can be further obtained through comparison, and accurate drawing of the subsequent topology structure is achieved.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the main control module issues a command of "sending a topology identification current signal" to the topology identification current generation module, and the topology identification current generation module receives the command and then controls the characteristic load to be switched on and off to generate a topology identification current signal (or called a characteristic current signal) on the power line. The topology identification current characteristic is shown in fig. 5, the switching frequency can be set to 833.3Hz by default, and the pulse width of both high level and low level can be set; the characteristic current carrying information can be set, the initial character is AAH (10101010C), the control code is E9H (11101001C), and the length of the subsequent expanded domain information is variable. When the code bit is 0, no characteristic current is sent, and when the code bit is 1, characteristic current is sent. The length of each bit of code transmission time can be set, and the default is 600ms +/-15 ms.
In a specific embodiment, after the step 4), the method further comprises the step 5): and judging the accuracy of the topological relation graph. Specifically, the process of step 5) is as follows:
5.1) dividing the network topological relation of the low-voltage transformer area according to the hierarchy of the transformer, the branch box, the meter box and the household meter in sequence;
5.2) acquiring voltage and current data of the transformer, the branch box, the meter box and the household meter through the metering modules of the intelligent metering switches to finally obtain electric quantity data of the transformer, the branch box, the meter box and the household meter;
5.3) calculating the line loss from the transformer to the branch box, from the branch box to the meter box and from the meter box to the household meter respectively to finally obtain the corresponding line loss rate; if the line loss from the transformer to the branch box is as follows: the output side electric quantity of the transformer-the input side electric quantity of the branch box, the corresponding line loss rate is: (transformer output side electric quantity-branch box input side electric quantity)/transformer output side electric quantity; other line losses and line loss ratios are the same as this calculation and are not described herein again;
and 5.4) judging whether the corresponding line loss rate is within a preset range (such as-5% to 5%), if so, judging that the corresponding network topology relation is correct, otherwise, judging that the network terminal topology is abnormal.
The invention calculates and judges the line loss rate among the layers so as to judge whether the corresponding network topological graph is correct or not and ensure that the final network topological relation is accurate.
In one embodiment, the encoding scheme is defined in Table 1. The data frame format is composed of 6 parts of a data synchronization head, a start bit, a data bit, an insertion bit, a check bit and an end bit. Wherein, the data synchronization head is 6 bits of '1', which represents the no-current time lasting for more than 360 ms; the start bit is 1 bit "0"; the data bits comprise a feature code and a check code, the feature code consists of 24 bits, the check code comprises 16 bits, an insertion bit is inserted into every 4 bits, and the insertion bit is opposite to the previous data bit; the check bits are 10 bits in total, and an insertion bit is inserted into every 4 bits, wherein the insertion bit is opposite to the previous data bit; the end bit consists of 1 bit "0".
TABLE 1 topology identification Unit coding scheme definition
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, the communication network protocol stack is a 3-layer structure, and mainly includes a physical layer, a data link layer, and an application layer.
When the service data is transmitted, the service data needs to be subjected to message encapsulation according to fig. 11, and finally transmitted through the power line. And the physical layer packages the data message received by the power line in the process of submitting the data message to the application layer. The length of data actually transmitted on the physical layer is 68Bit, the maximum length of each decoding of the decoding unit of the physical layer is 76Bit, and the data transmitted can be decoded at one time. The message authentication code is checked with CRC8 using the polynomial: x8+X2+X+1。
The effects of the above invention were analyzed in conjunction with a specific experiment as follows:
selecting 9 measurement switches with topology identification function to form a network, wherein the switch numbers are respectively as follows: phi, phi. The topology data table obtained through the topology identification process is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 topological data sheet
| Switch for transmitting topological signal | Identify toSwitching of topological | Hierarchy level | |
| ① | ①⑤ | 2 | |
| ② | ②⑤⑨ | 3 | |
| ③ | ③⑤ | 2 | |
| ④ | ①④⑤⑥ | 4 | |
| ⑤ | ⑤ | 1 | |
| ⑥ | ①⑤⑥ | 3 | |
| ⑦ | ③⑤⑦ | 3 | |
| ⑧ | ①⑤⑧ | 3 | |
| ⑨ | ⑤⑨ | 2 |
According to the principle that the switch sending the signal and the superior switch thereof can detect the topological signal, the topological structure obtained by analysis is shown in fig. 12.
The terminal sequentially sends out identification signals through the communication module. Taking switch # IV as an example, the terminal requires switch # IV to generate a pulse current signal, switches # IV and # V can detect the pulse current signal and inform the terminal, and the terminal can judge that the switches # IV and # V are upper nodes of the switch # IV. When the switch sends out pulse current signal, the switches can detect the pulse current signal and inform the terminal. The terminal can judge that the first switch and the fifth switch are upper nodes of the sixth switch. When the switch I sends out a pulse current signal, only the switch II can detect the pulse current signal, and the terminal can judge that the switch II is the upper node of the switch I; the terminal considers the hierarchical structure of the topology as being → → intelligent terminal.
In the experimental process, the total topology identification time is 96s, and the accuracy of the topology identification is 100%. The experimental result shows that in the experimental environment, the formed topology structure chart and the topology data table are accurate and reliable, the topology identification time is short, the relationship among switches at all levels can be clearly displayed, and a technical approach is provided for accurately determining a position fault point and identifying the fault type.
The topology identification scheme based on the intelligent measurement switch respectively designs the main control module, the power supply module, the topology current identification module and the like, so that the characteristics and key parameters of topology identification current are defined, a perfect topology identification process is provided, an information coding mode and a data frame format are provided, and a communication network protocol stack structure and a message packaging format are designed; the experimental verification and analysis show that the topology identification time is short, the power consumption is low, the identification accuracy rate reaches 100%, the defects in the prior art can be effectively overcome, the method can be popularized and applied in a low-voltage distribution network in a large scale, and the prospect is very wide.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An intelligent measurement switch with a topology identification function is characterized by comprising a main control module, a power supply module, a metering module, a communication module, a clock module and a topology identification current generation module; the power supply module, the metering module, the communication module, the clock module and the topology identification current generation module are all connected with the main control module; the communication module is used for remote communication with the uplink equipment; the clock module is used for realizing accurate clock data; the topology identification current generation module is used for generating a topology identification current signal; the metering module is used for collecting topology identification current signals and analyzing the topology identification current signals to obtain corresponding topology positions; the master control module is used for issuing a current sending instruction to the topology identification current generation module, receiving an output signal of the metering module and sending the output signal to the terminal through the communication module.
2. The intelligent measurement switch with the topology identification function according to claim 1, wherein the metering module comprises a current sampling circuit and a CT power taking circuit, wherein the current sampling circuit is configured to sample a topology identification current signal; the current sampling circuit comprises a plurality of sub-circuits, and each sub-circuit comprises a current transformer, a rectifier bridge, an RC filter circuit and an amplifying circuit which are connected in sequence; the CT power-taking circuit is used for providing direct-current power for other modules by combining with the power module when the voltage power-taking is abnormal.
3. The intelligent measurement switch with topology identification function according to claim 2, wherein the power module comprises a rectifying circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit, the rectifying circuit and the voltage stabilizing circuit are connected in series; the rectifier circuit is used for converting alternating current electric energy input by a power grid into direct current electric energy, and the voltage stabilizing circuit is used for converting the direct current electric energy into stable direct current electric energy and supplying power; the voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a 5V power supply circuit and a 3.3V power supply circuit, wherein the 5V power supply circuit is used for converting direct current electric energy into stable 5V power supply voltage and supplying power, and the 3.3V power supply circuit is used for converting a 5V power supply into a 3.3V power supply and supplying power; the rectified power VCC rectified by the rectifying circuit is grounded and filtered through capacitors C2 and C3, then is input to the input end of the chip VR1, the +5V power signal is directly input to the output end of the chip VR1, and is grounded and filtered through capacitors C4 and C5, then is protected by a diode D1, and then is input to the input end of the power chip VR 2; the output terminal of the power supply chip VR2 directly outputs +3.3V power supply signal, and is grounded and filtered through capacitors C6 and C7.
4. A topology identification method of an intelligent measurement switch with topology identification function based on any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
1) installing each intelligent measurement switch at a power utilization terminal needing topology identification, and networking;
2) sending a 'topology data clearing' instruction to all intelligent measurement switches, and after the topology data is cleared, sending a 'topology identification current signal' instruction to the ith intelligent measurement switch; generating a topology identification current signal corresponding to the topology identification current generation module;
3) sending a 'topology data query' instruction to all intelligent measurement switches, wherein the metering module is used for collecting topology identification current signals and analyzing the topology identification current signals to obtain corresponding topology positions;
4) and then sending a 'topology signal sending' instruction to the (i + 1) th intelligent measurement switch until all switches are polled, and analyzing the inquired topology data to form a topology relation graph.
5. The topology identification method according to claim 4, wherein in step 2), the specific process of generating the topology identification current signal corresponding to the topology identification current generation module is: and performing voltage zero crossing point detection, opening an IO port corresponding to the main control module after detecting the voltage zero crossing, injecting the topology identification current signal, and automatically closing the IO port corresponding to the main control module after the voltage zero crossing to complete the injection of the topology identification current signal.
6. The topology identification method according to claim 5, wherein in step 3), the metering module receives the topology identification command from the main control module, enters a signal monitoring state, receives and analyzes the topology identification current signal from the topology identification current generation module of other intelligent measurement switches in real time, determines the distribution area where the metering module is located, automatically draws the network topology structure of the low-voltage distribution area from the transformer to the branch box, from the branch box to the meter box, from the meter box to the household meter, and transmits the data to the main control module.
7. The topology identification method according to claim 6, characterized by further comprising, after step 4), step 5): and judging the accuracy of the topological relation graph.
8. The topology identification method according to claim 7, wherein the specific process of step 5) is:
5.1) dividing the network topological relation of the low-voltage transformer area according to the hierarchy of the transformer, the branch box, the meter box and the household meter in sequence;
5.2) acquiring voltage and current data of the transformer, the branch box, the meter box and the household meter through the metering modules of the intelligent metering switches;
5.3) calculating the line loss from the transformer to the branch box, from the branch box to the meter box and from the meter box to the household meter respectively to finally obtain the corresponding line loss rate;
and 5.4) judging whether the corresponding line loss rate is in a preset range, if so, judging that the corresponding network topology relation is correct, otherwise, judging that the network terminal topology is abnormal.
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