CN113111599A - High-precision hybrid testing method for global flow field of wind power blade - Google Patents
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a high accuracy hybrid test method for wind-powered electricity generation blade global flow field, belongs to wind-powered electricity generation blade and measures technical field, includes: performing external flow field test by adopting a PIV test technology, selecting PIV experiment test parameters, and obtaining peripheral flow field test data of the rotating wind power blade; calculating a boundary layer flow field of the near-wall region by adopting a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) calculation method, determining an initial boundary condition, and finishing the calculation of the boundary layer flow field of the near-wall region by combining with a flow field N-S momentum equation representing the rotating wind power blade; performing flow field reconstruction in an overlapping area by adopting a least square method and a Poisson equation; and combining the peripheral flow field test data of the rotating wind power blade, the boundary layer flow field data of the near wall region and the reconstructed flow field data to obtain the global flow field of the rotating wind power blade. Through the processing scheme, convenience of numerical calculation of the flow field around the wind power blade and accuracy of a calculation result are improved, and workload of blade flow field testing is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of wind power blade measurement, in particular to a high-precision hybrid testing method for a global flow field of a wind power blade.
Background
In the field of rotating machinery such as wind turbines and propellers, the aerodynamic performance of the blades directly influences the power output and stable operation of the rotating mechanism. The blade operating environment in different rotating machinery fields is complex and changeable, the flowing state of the surface of the blade is different, the speed field around the rotating blade and the surface boundary layer can be accurately and effectively obtained, and the method is a basis for realizing the pneumatic design and the flowing mechanism research of the blade in the rotating machinery fields of wind turbines, propellers and the like.
At present, experimental flow field testing and flow field numerical calculation are two main research means, however, the two methods have respective problems and defects: as for an experimental test method of a rotating blade flow field, PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry), which is a non-contact flow field test technology, can well obtain flow field data in a two-dimensional plane and a three-dimensional space, and is widely applied to a rotating blade flow field test. However, the flow field testing accuracy of the PIV technology is affected by many factors, such as laser intensity, laser quality, tracing particle type and concentration, and the synchronous matching accuracy of a camera and laser, and the like, and the PIV testing equipment has a strict requirement on the experimental environment, and the testing result is greatly affected by the flow field state. Due to the rotating effect of the wind power blade, the concentration of tracer particles on the surface of the blade is often reduced obviously, and when the rotating speed of the blade is high, the concentration of the tracer particles on the surface of the blade hardly meets the experimental requirements, so that the precision of a flow field test result on the surface of the rotating blade is greatly influenced. In addition, the PIV technology needs to project laser to the surface of the blade, an obvious reflection phenomenon can occur in a near-wall area of the blade, and the strong reflection causes that a flow field of the near-wall area of the blade cannot be clearly obtained, so that research work of flowing near a boundary layer on the surface of the rotating wind power blade cannot be carried out.
For the numerical calculation method of the flow field of the rotating wind power blade, different numerical calculation methods can be adopted according to different calculation precision requirements and different flow structure scales to obtain speed field results with higher precision around the blade and in a surface boundary layer. However, there are also many problems when the flow field of the rotating wind power blade is obtained by using a numerical calculation method, firstly, the division of the calculation grid is the work which needs to be completed first in numerical simulation, and because the wind power blade has a complex three-dimensional structure appearance, there is an obvious torsion angle change from the blade tip to the blade root, and the chord lengths of the blade at different spanwise positions are also different, which brings great difficulty to the division of the calculation grid. In addition, in order to improve the accuracy of the calculation result, the special position grids need to be encrypted, which increases the amount of the calculated grids to a great extent, causes a great increase in the amount of calculation, and prolongs the calculation time; secondly, due to the complexity of the appearance of the three-dimensional blade, the quality of grid division at all positions is difficult to ensure, and the poor grid quality directly influences the calculation precision and the accuracy of a calculation result; finally, in order to obtain the information of the whole flow field around the rotating wind power blade, the area of a calculation domain needs to be enlarged, which directly results in the increase of the amount of calculation grids, and thus the calculation amount and the calculation time are greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the present application provides a high-precision hybrid testing method for a global flow field of a wind turbine blade, which at least partially solves the problems in the prior art. The method can be suitable for the flow field test of the two-dimensional wind power wing section, the three-dimensional wind power wing section and the three-dimensional wind power blade which rotate dynamically.
The embodiment of the application provides a high-precision hybrid test method for a global flow field of a wind power blade, and the test method comprises the following steps:
determining an external flow field test area, a near-wall area boundary layer flow field calculation area and a flow field reconstruction area of an overlapped area of the external flow field test and the near-wall area boundary layer flow field calculation of the rotating wind power blade;
performing the external flow field test, selecting PIV experiment test parameters by adopting a PIV test technology, and obtaining peripheral flow field test data of the rotating wind power blade;
calculating the flow field of the boundary layer of the near-wall region, determining an initial boundary condition by adopting a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) calculation method, and combining an N-S momentum equation of the flow field for representing the rotating wind power blade, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein upsilon is the flow velocity,
calculating a near-wall zone boundary layer flow field by taking the variation of the speed along with time, v as the viscosity of the fluid, rho as the density of the fluid, f as an external acting force, p as the pressure applied to the flow and Delta upsilon as the variation of the speed;
performing flow field reconstruction of the overlapping area, taking the peripheral flow field test data corresponding to the overlapping area as an initial velocity value, performing node velocity reconstruction, and finishing linear weight new combination between the data obtained by computing the velocity vector of the overlapping area by the near-wall area boundary layer and the peripheral flow field test data corresponding to the time step of CFD computation to obtain reconstructed flow field data;
and combining the peripheral flow field test data of the rotating wind power blade, the near-wall region boundary layer flow field calculation data and the reconstructed flow field data to obtain the overall flow field of the rotating wind power blade.
According to a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the application, the PIV experiment test parameters comprise laser energy, high-speed camera acquisition frequency and trace particle concentration.
According to a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the application, in the external flow field testing process, a two-dimensional PIV testing technology or a three-dimensional PIV testing technology is selected according to the structure of the rotating wind power blade.
According to a specific implementation mode of the embodiment of the application, when the rotating wind power blade is a two-dimensional wind power wing type, a two-dimensional PIV testing technology is selected; when the wind power wing section or the wind power blade with three-dimensional change along the flow direction or the span direction adopts the three-dimensional PIV testing technology.
According to a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the application, a least square method and a poisson equation are adopted when node velocity reconstruction is carried out.
According to a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the application, the testing method further comprises the steps of calculating time and space derivatives of the rotating wind power blade, reconstructing a pressure gradient and a pressure field of the surface of the blade, and obtaining aerodynamic force distribution.
According to a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the application, a poisson method, a bernoulli method or a direct integration method is adopted when the pressure gradient and the pressure field of the surface of the blade are reconstructed.
According to a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the application, the aerodynamic force distribution is obtained by applying a volume fraction or a surface fraction.
According to a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, the CFD calculation method includes DNS, RANS, and LES.
Advantageous effects
By the high-precision hybrid testing method for the wind power blade global flow field, high-precision testing work of a three-dimensional speed field on the surface of a wind power blade with a complex structure can be carried out, and technical support is provided for related research work of a wind power blade surface flow mechanism; by utilizing the high-precision flow field testing method provided by the invention, the testing precision of the boundary layer of the near-wall region on the surface of the rotating wind power blade and the flow fields of different regions around the blade can be effectively improved, the grid quantity of the CFD computing method in the process of computing the flow field around the rotating blade is effectively reduced, and the workload and the computing time of the numerical computation of the flow field of the rotating blade are greatly reduced; in addition, the flow field testing method can conveniently carry out the research on the influence of the flow field, the aerodynamic force field and the sound field from the global angle, has greater advantages compared with the traditional testing means such as local pressure testing, integral aerodynamic force measurement, noise and the like, and can effectively replace the traditional testing methods such as a pressure scanning valve, a force measuring balance, a wake rake, a microphone and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a testing method of a global flow field of a rotating wind turbine blade according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a flow field reconstruction method for an overlap region according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of experimental flow field testing results for PIV around an airfoil according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a computational grid division of an airfoil near-wall region flow field according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the results of a global flow field around an airfoil according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The following description of the embodiments of the present application is provided by way of specific examples, and other advantages and effects of the present application will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. The present application is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modifications and/or changes in various respects, all without departing from the spirit of the present application. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It is noted that various aspects of the embodiments are described below within the scope of the appended claims. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure and/or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on the present application, one skilled in the art should appreciate that one aspect described herein may be implemented independently of any other aspects and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, an apparatus may be implemented and/or a method practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. Additionally, such an apparatus may be implemented and/or such a method may be practiced using other structure and/or functionality in addition to one or more of the aspects set forth herein.
It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present application, and the drawings only show the components related to the present application rather than the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, amount and ratio of the components in actual implementation may be changed arbitrarily, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
In addition, in the following description, specific details are provided to facilitate a thorough understanding of the examples. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the aspects may be practiced without these specific details.
The embodiment of the application provides a high-precision hybrid testing method for a global flow field of a wind turbine blade, which is specifically described below with reference to a schematic diagram of fig. 1. The test method comprises the following steps:
determining an external flow field test area, a near-wall area boundary layer flow field calculation area and a flow field reconstruction area of an overlapped area of the external flow field test and the near-wall area boundary layer flow field calculation of the rotating wind power blade.
In this embodiment, based on the rotating wind power blade experiment platform, a PIV test technology is adopted, and PIV experiment test parameters are selected to obtain peripheral flow field test data of the rotating wind power blade. The PIV experiment test parameters comprise laser energy, high-speed camera acquisition frequency, tracing particle concentration and the like, the quality of laser on the surface of the blade and the concentration of tracing particles need to be ensured, and the test requirement of the flow field of the rotating wind power blade is met to the maximum extent.
Furthermore, different PIV experiment flow field test schemes are adopted for wind power blades with different complex structures, and for two-dimensional wind power wing profiles with simple structures, a two-dimensional PIV can be selected for testing the flow field to obtain two-dimensional plane flow field data; aiming at wind power wing sections and wind power blades with three-dimensional changes along the flow direction or the span direction, a three-dimensional PIV (particle image velocimetry) is adopted for flow field testing, and then the three-dimensional flow field change condition of the blade surface can be obtained; for the condition that a wind power blade with a special structure or a aerodynamic accessory with a complex structure exists on the surface of the blade, a three-dimensional PIV can be adopted for flow field testing; in addition, aiming at the research of analyzing the flow structure in the three-dimensional complex flow field, a three-dimensional PIV testing technology is selected for multiple times. That is to say, a suitable PIV test scheme can be selected for testing the external flow field of the rotating wind power blade according to different test environments.
Calculating the flow field of the boundary layer of the near-wall region by adopting a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) calculation method, wherein the CFD calculation and the PIV flow field test experiment adopt the same rotating wind power blade; determining an initial boundary condition, and combining an N-S momentum equation of a flow field representing the rotating wind power blade, wherein the equation is shown as the following formula:
wherein upsilon is the flow velocity,
and calculating the flow field of the boundary layer of the near-wall region by taking the variation of the speed along with time as deltaupsilon, v as the viscosity of the fluid, rho as the density of the fluid, f as the external acting force and p as the pressure applied to the flow.
In this embodiment, the CFD calculation method may select DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation), RANS (Reynolds average), LES (Large Eddy Simulation), and the like.
And performing flow field reconstruction of the overlapped area, taking the peripheral flow field test data corresponding to the overlapped area as an initial speed value, performing node speed reconstruction, enabling the reconstructed rotating speed field to meet the calculation requirement of a continuity equation, and finishing linear weight recombination between the data obtained by calculating the speed vector of the overlapped area from the near-wall area boundary layer and the peripheral flow field test data corresponding to the time step of CFD calculation to obtain reconstructed flow field data.
It should be noted here that the flow field data after reconstruction can be used as the initial boundary conditions of the boundary layer flow field of the near-wall region of the rotating blade and the flow field around the rotating blade for CFD calculation at the same time, so that it can be ensured that the flow field in different regions around the rotating blade has high spatial and temporal resolution equivalent to that of CFD calculation at the same time.
In this embodiment, a least square method and a poisson equation are adopted to perform flow field reconstruction in an overlapping area, and a specific method refers to fig. 2, where Δ t is an acquisition time interval of an experiment in a PIV test experiment and is a time step of CFD calculation in CFD calculation, and flow field reconstruction in the overlapping area is to perform linear weight reconstruction on flow field data obtained by PIV test and flow field data obtained by CFD calculation corresponding to the overlapping area by using the least square method and the poisson equation.
It should be explained that the flow field data of the overlapped region where the reconstruction is completed may be input into the CFD as an initial boundary condition of numerical calculation. In addition, the flow field data of the reconstructed overlapping area can be used as the initial boundary conditions of the CFD calculation rotating blade near-wall area boundary layer flow field and the rotating blade surrounding flow field, so that the high space-time resolution ratio of the different area flow fields around the rotating blade which is equivalent to the CFD calculation can be ensured at the same time.
And combining the peripheral flow field test data of the rotating wind power blade, the near-wall region boundary layer flow field data and the reconstructed flow field data to obtain the overall flow field of the rotating wind power blade.
Further, on the basis of obtaining the global flow field data of the rotating wind power blade, calculating spatial and time derivatives, reconstructing a pressure gradient and a pressure field of the surface of the blade by a Poisson method, a Bernoulli method or a direct integration method, and obtaining aerodynamic force distribution by applying volume division or surface integration. In addition, the reconstructed velocity field data of the overlapping region can be used as an initial boundary condition of the flow field around the rotating blade as required, and the grid quantity of CFD calculation can be greatly reduced under the condition of ensuring a high-precision flow field result.
In one embodiment, taking a two-dimensional dynamic wind turbine airfoil flow field test as an example, a rotating wind turbine blade global flow field test is performed:
s1, obtaining the whole flow field data of a region C around the rotating airfoil profile by adopting a PIV testing technology, wherein the area of a shooting region C is 18 multiplied by 20cm, and the result is shown in figure 3;
s2, on the basis, selecting an airfoil near-wall region boundary layer region A, calculating the region area to be 7 x 13cm, dividing a calculation grid, and obtaining a high-precision flow field result of the airfoil near-wall region boundary layer region A in a CFD numerical calculation mode, wherein in the embodiment, an RANS method is adopted in the CFD numerical calculation method, as shown in FIG. 4;
s3, respectively extracting PIV experiment C area and CFD value to calculate flow field data of B area of the overlapping part between A areas, as shown in FIG. 5;
and S4, reconstructing and synthesizing the flow field data of the B area of the overlapped part, and finally combining the flow field result of the area A calculated by the PIV flow field experiment C area and the CFD numerical value to obtain the global high-precision flow field data around the two-dimensional rotating airfoil profile, as shown in FIG. 5.
According to the embodiment provided by the invention, the high-efficiency and high-precision testing method capable of realizing the global flow field of the rotating wind power blade is invented, the testing work of the flow field on the surface of the blade with a complex appearance structure can be carried out according to the high-precision flow field result, the distribution condition of the pressure field and the aerodynamic force on the surface of the rotating blade can be obtained on the basis, and the technical support is provided for the related research work of the aerodynamic characteristics and the flow field characteristics of the rotating wind power blade. In addition, the testing method improves the convenience of numerical calculation of the flow field around the wind power blade and the accuracy of the calculation result, and effectively reduces the workload of testing the flow field of the blade.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A high-precision hybrid testing method for a global flow field of a wind power blade is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining an external flow field test area, a near-wall area boundary layer flow field calculation area and a flow field reconstruction area of an overlapped area of the external flow field test and the near-wall area boundary layer flow field calculation of the rotating wind power blade;
performing the external flow field test, selecting PIV experiment test parameters by adopting a PIV test technology, and obtaining peripheral flow field test data of the rotating wind power blade;
calculating the flow field of the boundary layer of the near-wall region, determining an initial boundary condition by adopting a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) calculation method, and combining an N-S momentum equation of the flow field for representing the rotating wind power blade, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein upsilon is the flow velocity,
calculating a near-wall zone boundary layer flow field by taking the variation of the speed along with time, v as the viscosity of the fluid, rho as the density of the fluid, f as an external acting force, p as the pressure applied to the flow and Delta upsilon as the variation of the speed;
performing flow field reconstruction of the overlapping area, taking the peripheral flow field test data corresponding to the overlapping area as an initial velocity value, performing node velocity reconstruction, and finishing linear weight new combination between the data obtained by computing the velocity vector of the overlapping area by the near-wall area boundary layer and the peripheral flow field test data corresponding to the time step of CFD computation to obtain reconstructed flow field data;
and combining the peripheral flow field test data of the rotating wind power blade, the near-wall region boundary layer flow field calculation data and the reconstructed flow field data to obtain the overall flow field of the rotating wind power blade.
2. The high-precision hybrid testing method for the wind turbine blade global flow field according to claim 1, wherein the PIV experimental testing parameters include laser energy, high-speed camera acquisition frequency and trace particle concentration.
3. The high-precision hybrid testing method for the global flow field of the wind turbine blade as recited in claim 1, wherein in the external flow field testing process, a two-dimensional PIV testing technique or a three-dimensional PIV testing technique is selected according to the structure of the rotating wind turbine blade.
4. The high-precision hybrid testing method for the wind turbine blade global flow field according to claim 3, characterized in that a two-dimensional PIV testing technique is selected when the rotating wind turbine blade is a two-dimensional wind turbine airfoil; when the wind power wing section or the wind power blade with three-dimensional change along the flow direction or the span direction adopts the three-dimensional PIV testing technology.
5. The high-precision hybrid testing method for the global flow field of the wind turbine blade as recited in claim 1, wherein a least square method and a poisson equation are adopted when node speed reconstruction is performed.
6. The high-precision hybrid testing method for the wind turbine blade global flow field according to claim 1, further comprising calculating time and space derivatives of the rotating wind turbine blade, reconstructing a pressure gradient and a pressure field of a blade surface, and obtaining aerodynamic force distribution.
7. The high-precision hybrid testing method for the wind turbine blade global flow field according to claim 6, wherein a Poisson method, a Bernoulli method or a direct integration method is adopted when the pressure gradient and the pressure field of the blade surface are reconstructed.
8. The high-precision mixing test method for the wind turbine blade global flow field according to claim 6, wherein a mode of applying volume fraction or surface integral is adopted when aerodynamic force distribution is obtained.
9. The high-precision hybrid testing method for the wind turbine blade global flow field according to claim 1, wherein the CFD calculation method comprises DNS, RANS and LES.
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