CN113076149A - Method and system for building computing cluster, computer equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Method and system for building computing cluster, computer equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, a system, computer equipment and a storage medium for establishing a computing cluster, wherein the establishing method comprises the following steps based on a diskless system: a starting step: loading kernel and initramfs into a memory through Boot loader; a loading step: decompressing the initramfs, simulating the init into a file system in the memory, and switching the kernel loading init into rootfs; the operation steps are as follows: after the network is started, loading a system mirror image into the memory through the node to operate; the method comprises the following steps: and after the new server is powered on, entering a memory operating system, and after the nodes are started, communicating according to the distributed IP to form a computing cluster. The invention not only saves the hardware cost, but also is convenient for the management and maintenance in the later period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of methods for establishing computing clusters, and particularly relates to a method and a system for establishing a computing cluster based on a diskless system, computer equipment and a storage medium.
Background
The diskless system (diskless) is characterized in that a physical hard disk is not required to be installed on a server, a File system image of the diskless system is uniformly maintained by a network server, and the diskless system can be used only by loading a remote File system image to a local through HTTP or NFS (network File system) during starting.
With the development of the gigabit network and the reduction of the memory cost of the CPU, the hard disk reading and writing has become one of the most important factors affecting the calculation speed.
The computing cluster established based on the diskless system does not depend on a hard disk, all data are transmitted through a network, and the system is loaded into a memory to run, so that the computing speed can be greatly improved.
In a large-scale cluster system, the hardware cost is greatly saved, the installation time is greatly saved, and the maintenance cost is reduced.
The existing computing cluster of a data center server generally adopts a plurality of x86 servers to form a computing cluster, each machine is provided with a physical hard disk, an operating system, an IP (Internet protocol) and a software package to form a cluster
The prior art has the disadvantages that each machine needs a hard disk and an operating system is installed, and the hardware cost and the manual maintenance cost are high. With the increase of the number of nodes, the state of each machine may be inconsistent, and the speed of reading and writing the hard disk is far lower than the speed of network transmission, so that the reading and writing of the hard disk becomes a bottleneck of calculation.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a method, a system and computer storage equipment for establishing a computing cluster based on a diskless system, so as to at least solve the problems that each machine needs a hard disk and an operating system is installed, and the hardware cost and the manual maintenance cost are high.
The invention provides a method for establishing a computing cluster based on a diskless system, which comprises the following steps:
a starting step: loading kernel and initramfs into a memory through Boot loader;
a loading step: decompressing the initramfs, simulating the init into a file system in the memory, and switching the kernel loading init into rootfs;
the operation steps are as follows: after the network is started, loading a system mirror image into the memory through the node to operate;
the method comprises the following steps: and after the new server is powered on, entering a memory operating system, and after the nodes are started, communicating according to the distributed IP to form a computing cluster.
The method, wherein the loading step includes:
a searching step: decompressing the kernel and searching the RAM DISK;
the method comprises the following steps: and after finding the RAM DISK, loading the init into initrd.
The method, wherein the step of assembling comprises:
and guiding the nodes to enter the memory operating system through a pxe network, wherein a software environment required by ssh and service operation is built in the memory operating system, and after all the nodes are started, the nodes communicate according to the IP distributed by the dhcp.
The method above, wherein the step of assembling further includes:
and uniformly managing each node in the cluster through ssh software.
The invention also includes a system for building a computing cluster based on a diskless system, which includes:
the starting module loads kernel and initramfs into the memory through a Boot loader;
the loading module decompresses the initramfs and then simulates the init into a file system in the memory, and the kernel loading init is switched into rootfs;
the operation module loads a system mirror image into the memory through the node to operate after the network is started;
and the building module enters a memory operating system after the new server is powered on, and the nodes communicate according to the distributed IP after being started to form a computing cluster.
The system, wherein the loading module includes:
the searching unit decompresses the kernel and searches the RAM DISK;
and the use unit loads the init into the initrd.
In the system, the building module is guided to enter the memory operating system through the pxe network, the memory operating system is internally provided with ssh and a software environment required by service operation, and after all the nodes are started, communication is performed according to the IP allocated by the dhcp.
In the system, the building module performs unified management on each node in the cluster through ssh software.
The invention also includes a computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements any of the above methods of grouping a computing cluster when executing the computer program.
The invention also comprises a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the program, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method of building a computing cluster.
The invention belongs to the field of cloud service capability. The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for establishing a computing cluster based on a diskless system, which does not need a hard disk, thereby saving the hardware cost; meanwhile, the management and maintenance are convenient, and the operation system can be quickly recovered when damaged; the safety is good, and virus invasion and misoperation damage can be prevented; in addition, the original image file can be updated instantly.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of building a computing cluster of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating the substeps of step S2 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for building computing clusters according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an application of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a compute cluster according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be described and illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments provided in the present application without any inventive step are within the scope of protection of the present application.
It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only examples or embodiments of the present application, and that it is also possible for a person skilled in the art to apply the present application to other similar contexts on the basis of these drawings without inventive effort. Moreover, it should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another.
Reference in the specification to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the specification. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments without conflict.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms referred to herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Reference to "a," "an," "the," and similar words throughout this application are not to be construed as limiting in number, and may refer to the singular or the plural. The present application is directed to the use of the terms "including," "comprising," "having," and any variations thereof, which are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions; for example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or modules (elements) is not limited to the listed steps or elements, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Reference to "connected," "coupled," and the like in this application is not intended to be limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The term "plurality" as referred to herein means two or more. "and/or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, meaning that three relationships may exist, for example, "A and/or B" may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship. Reference herein to the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like, are merely to distinguish similar objects and do not denote a particular ordering for the objects.
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but it should be understood that these embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that functional, methodological, or structural equivalents or substitutions made by these embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Before describing in detail the various embodiments of the present invention, the core inventive concepts of the present invention are summarized and described in detail by the following several embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for building a computing cluster according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the method for building a computing cluster of the present invention is based on a diskless system, and includes:
start step S1: loading kernel and initramfs into a memory through Boot loader;
loading step S2: decompressing the initramfs, simulating the init into a file system in the memory, and switching the kernel loading init into rootfs;
operation step S3: after the network is started, loading a system mirror image into the memory through the node to operate;
a building step S4: and after the new server is powered on, entering a memory operating system, and after the nodes are started, communicating according to the distributed IP to form a computing cluster.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a sub-step of step S2 in fig. 1. As shown in fig. 2, the loading step S2 includes:
search step S21: decompressing the kernel and searching the RAM DISK;
using step S22: and after finding the RAM DISK, loading the init into initrd.
Wherein the step of assembling comprises:
and guiding the nodes to enter the memory operating system through a pxe network, wherein a software environment required by ssh and service operation is built in the memory operating system, and after all the nodes are started, the nodes communicate according to the IP distributed by the dhcp.
Wherein the step of assembling further comprises:
and adopting ssh software to uniformly manage each node in the cluster.
The method for building a computing cluster based on a diskless system according to the present invention is specifically described below with reference to the following embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows:
this example discloses an embodiment of a method for building a computing cluster based on a diskless system (hereinafter referred to as "method").
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an application of the present invention according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a compute cluster according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, in the implementation of the building method of the present invention, kernel and initramfs are loaded into the memory through the Boot loader, and the initramfs is decompressed and then is simulated into a file system in the memory, so that the kernel can load the init and switch to the real rootfs.
It has become more and more popular to run GNU/Linux systems on dedicated embedded boards. An embedded Linux system can be generally divided into four levels from a software perspective: [2]
1. and (5) booting the loader. Including boot code (optional) that is solidified in firmware (firmware), and BootLoader.
2. And (4) a Linux kernel. A custom kernel specific to the embedded board and startup parameters for the kernel.
3. A file system. The Flash memory device comprises a root file system and a file system established on the Flash memory device. Usually ramdisk is used as rootfs.
4. A user application. Application specific to the user. Sometimes an embedded graphical user interface may also be included between the user application and the kernel layer. Commonly used embedded GUIs are: MicroWindows and MiniGUI.
The boot loader is the first piece of software code that runs after the system is powered up. The boot loader in the PC consists of a BIOS (which is essentially a firmware program) together with an OS BootLoader (e.g., LILO, GRUB, etc.) located in the hard disk MBR. After the BIOS completes hardware detection and resource allocation, a BootLoader in the hard disk MBR is read into a RAM of the system, and then control is given to the OS BootLoader. The main running task of BootLoader is that the kernel image is read from the hard disk into the RAM, and then the kernel image jumps to the entry point of the kernel to run, i.e. the operating system starts to be started.
In the embedded system, there is usually no firmware program like BIOS, so the load and boot task of the whole system is completely completed by BootLoader. For example, in an embedded system based on ARM7TDMI core, the system usually starts to execute at the address 0x00000000 when being powered on or reset, and the BootLoader program of the system is usually arranged at the address.
In short, BootLoader is a small program that runs before the operating system kernel runs. Through the small program, hardware equipment can be initialized, and a mapping chart of a memory space is established, so that the software and hardware environment of the system is brought to a proper state, and a correct environment is prepared for finally calling an operating system kernel.
Bootloaders are typically implemented heavily on hardware, especially in the embedded world. Therefore, it is almost impossible to build a generic BootLoader in the embedded world. Nevertheless, we can generalize some general concepts to BootLoader to guide the user to design and implement specific BootLoader.
initramfs is an application of tmpfs.
Advantages of Initramfs are:
(1) tmpfs automatically increases or decreases the capacity as data therein increases or decreases.
(2) There is no duplicate data between tmpfs and page cache/dense cache.
(3) the tmpfs reuses the code of Linux, so the kernel size is hardly increased, and the code of the caching is well tested, so the code quality of the tmpfs is also guaranteed.
(4) No additional file system driver is required.
In addition, the initrd mechanism is designed as the front-end of the old "root" mechanism, rather than as an alternative, which assumes that the real root device is a block device and also assumes that it is not the real root device itself, thus it is inconvenient to have NFS or the like as the root file system. The last/linux rc is not executed with PID ═ 1, since 1 this process ID is reserved for/sbin/init. The initrd mechanism writes its device number into/proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev after finding the real root device, and then control is transferred to the kernel to load the root file system and start/sbin/init.
initramfs removes the above assumption and/init is executed with PID 1, the root file system is loaded by init and exec goes to true/sbin/init, which also results in a cleaner and more beautiful design.
initramfs is a memory file system manufactured based on a kvm mirror template, and is a software environment required by operation of ssh agents, dockers and other services.
All nodes in a diskless (diskless) computing cluster are not provided with hard disks, and are started through a network to load system images into a memory for running.
By the technology, after the power is on the shelf, a new server can be guided to enter a memory operating system through a pxe network, ssh and a software environment required by service operation are built in the memory system, and after all nodes are started, communication is carried out among the nodes according to IP allocated by dhcp. Thus forming a computing cluster.
Each node in the cluster can also be managed uniformly by adopting software such as ssh.
Example two:
referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for building a computing cluster according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the present invention provides a system for building a computing cluster, wherein the system for building a computing cluster includes:
the starting module loads kernel and initramfs into the memory through a Boot loader;
the loading module decompresses the initramfs and then simulates the init into a file system in the memory, and the kernel loading init is switched into rootfs;
the operation module loads a system mirror image into the memory through the node to operate after the network is started;
and the building module enters a memory operating system after the new server is powered on, and the nodes communicate according to the distributed IP after being started to form a computing cluster.
Further, the loading module comprises:
the searching unit decompresses the kernel and searches the RAM DISK;
and the use unit loads the init into the initrd.
Still further, the building module comprises:
and guiding the nodes to enter the memory operating system through a pxe network, wherein a software environment required by ssh and service operation is built in the memory operating system, and after all the nodes are started, the nodes communicate according to the IP distributed by the dhcp.
Further, the building module may further perform unified management on each node in the cluster through ssh software.
Example three:
referring to FIG. 4, the embodiment discloses an embodiment of a computer device. The computer device may comprise a processor 81 and a memory 82 in which computer program instructions are stored.
Specifically, the processor 81 may include a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or A Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or may be configured to implement one or more Integrated circuits of the embodiments of the present Application.
The memory 82 may be used to store or cache various data files for processing and/or communication use, as well as possible computer program instructions executed by the processor 81.
The processor 81 reads and executes the computer program instructions stored in the memory 82 to implement the method for building a computing cluster based on a diskless system in any of the above embodiments.
In some of these embodiments, the computer device may also include a communication interface 83 and a bus 80. As shown in fig. 4, the processor 81, the memory 82, and the communication interface 83 are connected via the bus 80 to complete communication therebetween.
The communication interface 83 is used for implementing communication between modules, devices, units and/or equipment in the embodiment of the present application. The communication port 83 may also be implemented with other components such as: the data communication is carried out among external equipment, image/data acquisition equipment, a database, external storage, an image/data processing workstation and the like.
The computer device may build a computing cluster based on a diskless system, thereby implementing the methods described in connection with fig. 1-2.
In addition, with reference to the method for building a computing cluster in the foregoing embodiments, embodiments of the present application may provide a computer-readable storage medium to implement the method. The computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions; the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, implement any of the construction methods in the above embodiments.
In conclusion, the invention does not need a hard disk, thereby saving the hardware cost; meanwhile, the management and maintenance are convenient, and the operation system can be quickly recovered when damaged; the safety is good, and virus invasion and misoperation damage can be prevented; in addition, the original image file can be updated instantly.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for building a computing cluster, wherein the method comprises the following steps based on a diskless system:
a starting step: loading kernel and initramfs into a memory through Boot loader;
a loading step: decompressing the initramfs, simulating the init into a file system in the memory, and switching the kernel loading init into rootfs;
the operation steps are as follows: after the network is started, loading a system mirror image into the memory through the node to operate;
the method comprises the following steps: and after the new server is powered on, entering a memory operating system, and after the nodes are started, communicating according to the distributed IP to form a computing cluster.
2. The assembly method of claim 1, wherein the loading step comprises:
a searching step: decompressing the kernel and searching the RAM DISK;
the method comprises the following steps: and after finding the RAM DISK, loading the init into initrd.
3. The assembly method of claim 1, wherein the assembly step comprises:
and guiding the nodes to enter the memory operating system through a pxe network, wherein a software environment required by ssh and service operation is built in the memory operating system, and after all the nodes are started, the nodes communicate according to the IP distributed by the dhcp.
4. The assembly method of claim 3, wherein the assembly step further comprises:
and uniformly managing each node in the cluster through ssh software.
5. A system for building a computing cluster, the system based on a diskless system, the system comprising:
the starting module loads kernel and initramfs into the memory through a Boot loader;
the loading module decompresses the initramfs and then simulates the init into a file system in the memory, and the kernel loading init is switched into rootfs;
the operation module loads a system mirror image into the memory through the node to operate after the network is started;
and the building module enters a memory operating system after the new server is powered on, and the nodes communicate according to the distributed IP after being started to form a computing cluster.
6. The building system of claim 5, wherein the loading module comprises:
the searching unit decompresses the kernel and searches the RAM DISK;
and the use unit loads the init into the initrd.
7. The building system of claim 5, wherein the building module is directed to enter the memory operating system through a pxe network, the memory operating system has ssh and a software environment required for service operation built therein, and after all the nodes are started, communication is performed according to the IP allocated by dhcp.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the build module manages each of the nodes in the cluster in a unified manner via ssh software.
9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the building method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 when executing the computer program.
10. A storage medium on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the composing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| CN111078305A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-28 | 秒针信息技术有限公司 | Information acquisition method and device, server and information management system |
| CN111104129A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-05-05 | 秒针信息技术有限公司 | Memory operating system manufacturing method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN112328179A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-02-05 | 北京明略软件系统有限公司 | Configuration method and system of disk array, electronic device and readable storage medium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108363589A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-08-03 | 浪潮软件股份有限公司 | A kind of method of memory operation etcd nodes |
| CN111078305A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-28 | 秒针信息技术有限公司 | Information acquisition method and device, server and information management system |
| CN111104129A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-05-05 | 秒针信息技术有限公司 | Memory operating system manufacturing method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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