CN113071652A - Positive pressure maintaining system in cabin and ship - Google Patents
Positive pressure maintaining system in cabin and ship Download PDFInfo
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- CN113071652A CN113071652A CN202110469095.1A CN202110469095A CN113071652A CN 113071652 A CN113071652 A CN 113071652A CN 202110469095 A CN202110469095 A CN 202110469095A CN 113071652 A CN113071652 A CN 113071652A
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- electromagnetic
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010066057 cabin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010066114 cabin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
- B63J2/02—Ventilation; Air-conditioning
- B63J2/04—Ventilation; Air-conditioning of living spaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
- B63J2/02—Ventilation; Air-conditioning
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a positive pressure maintaining system in a cabin and a ship. The electric valve is controlled by the electric valve control circuit to open so that the air source supplies air to the cabin, the micro-positive pressure of the cabin relative to the outside is maintained, external harmful gas is prevented from entering the cabin, and the safety of the ship is improved. In addition, a buffer chamber is arranged between the cabin and the outside, and when the cabin door detection circuit detects that the outer door is opened, the electromagnetic valve control circuit controls the electromagnetic valve to be opened, so that the air source supplies air to the buffer chamber, the micro-positive pressure of the buffer chamber relative to the outside is maintained, and the external air is prevented from entering the buffer chamber. Meanwhile, the buffer chamber plays a role in buffering, and external high-concentration harmful gas is prevented from directly entering the cabin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ships, in particular to a positive pressure maintaining system in a cabin and a ship.
Background
A ship is a vehicle that can be transported or operated while sailing or moored in a water area, and generally has a plurality of compartments in which crews can work, rest, and the like.
When the marine climate environment changes, external harmful gas may invade the inside of the cabin, and most of the conventional ships cannot ensure that crews are not invaded by the external harmful gas at sea. However, with the continuous enrichment and enhancement of the types and functions of marine operations, higher requirements are also put forward on the design of marine systems.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a positive pressure maintaining system in a cabin and a ship, which can maintain micro positive pressure in the cabin relative to the outside and avoid external harmful gas from invading the cabin.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a system for maintaining positive pressure in a ship cabin, including:
the cabin door detection circuit is used for detecting the states of an inner door and an outer door of a buffer chamber, the inner door is used for communicating the buffer chamber with a cabin, and the outer door is used for communicating the buffer chamber with the outside;
the air source is used for storing high-pressure air;
the electric valve is connected with the gas source through a pipeline;
the electromagnetic valve is connected with the gas source through a pipeline;
the electric valve control circuit is connected with the electric valve, and when the air pressure in the cabin is lower than the external air pressure or harmful gas exists outside, the electric valve is controlled to be opened through the electric valve control circuit so that the air source supplies air to the cabin and the air pressure in the cabin is higher than the external air pressure;
and the electromagnetic valve control circuit is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve and the cabin door detection circuit, and when the cabin door detection circuit detects that the outer door is opened, the electromagnetic valve control circuit controls the electromagnetic valve to be opened so that the air source supplies air to the buffer chamber.
Optionally, the positive pressure maintaining system in the cabin further comprises a differential pressure sensor, a controller and an alarm;
the pressure difference sensor is arranged at the junction of the cabin and the outside and is used for acquiring the air pressure difference value between the cabin and the outside;
the controller is connected with the differential pressure sensor and the alarm, and the controller is used for sending an alarm signal to the alarm when the air pressure difference value acquired by the differential pressure sensor is determined to be smaller than a preset value.
Optionally, the positive pressure maintaining system in the cabin further includes a valve control switching circuit, and the valve control switching circuit is respectively connected to the electric valve control circuit and the electromagnetic valve control circuit, and is configured to switch control modes of the electric valve and the electromagnetic valve, where the control modes include a manual control mode or a remote automatic control mode.
Optionally, the valve control switching circuit includes a button switch, a first remote control switch, a second remote control switch, a first electromagnetic relay, a second electromagnetic relay, and a third electromagnetic relay;
the button switch and a coil of the first electromagnetic relay are connected between the power supply bus A, B side in series, and the switch of the first electromagnetic relay is arranged in the electric valve control circuit and the electromagnetic valve control circuit and used for controlling the electric valve and the electromagnetic valve;
the first remote control switch and a coil of the second electromagnetic relay are connected in series between the power supply bus A, B sides, and a switch of the second electromagnetic relay is arranged in the electric valve control circuit and used for controlling the electric valve;
and the second remote control switch and a coil of the third electromagnetic relay are connected between the power supply bus A, B sides in series, and the switch of the third electromagnetic relay is arranged in the electromagnetic valve control circuit and used for controlling the electromagnetic valve.
Optionally, the first electromagnetic relay includes a first normally open switch and a first normally closed switch, the second electromagnetic relay includes a normally open switch and a normally closed switch, and the electric valve control circuit includes a single-pole triple-throw switch, a fourth electromagnetic relay and a fifth electromagnetic relay;
the first end of a first normally open switch of the first electromagnetic relay is connected to the side of a power supply bus A, the second end of the first normally open switch of the first electromagnetic relay is connected with the immovable end of the single-pole three-throw switch, one end of a coil of the fourth electromagnetic relay is connected with a first contact of the single-pole three-throw switch, and two ends of the coil of the fourth electromagnetic relay are connected to the side of the power supply bus B;
a second contact of the single-pole-three-throw switch is suspended, a first end of a coil of the fifth electromagnetic relay is connected with a third contact of the single-pole-three-throw switch, and a second end of the coil of the fifth electromagnetic relay is connected to the side of a power supply bus B;
the first end of a first normally closed switch of the first electromagnetic relay is connected to the side of a power supply bus A, the second end of the first normally closed switch of the first electromagnetic relay is respectively connected with a normally open switch of the second electromagnetic relay and the first end of a normally closed switch, the second end of the normally open switch of the second electromagnetic relay is connected with the first end of a coil of the fourth electromagnetic relay, and the second end of the normally closed switch of the second electromagnetic relay is connected with the first end of the coil of the fifth electromagnetic relay;
a first end of a switch of the fourth electromagnetic relay is connected to the side of a power supply bus A, and a second end of the switch of the fourth electromagnetic relay is connected with a valve opening signal interface of the electric valve; and a first end of a switch of the fifth electromagnetic relay is connected to the side of the power supply bus A, and a second end of the switch of the fifth electromagnetic relay is connected with a valve closing signal interface of the electric valve.
Optionally, the cabin door detection circuit includes an inner door opening and closing detection sensor, an outer door opening and closing detection sensor, an inner door opening prompter and an outer door opening prompter, the inner door opening prompter is provided with the outer door side, and the outer door opening prompter is provided with the inner door side;
the inner door opening and closing detection sensor and the inner door opening prompter are connected between the power supply bus A, B in series, and when the inner door is opened, the inner door opening and closing detection sensor is closed, so that the inner door opening prompter sends out an inner door opening prompt;
the outer door opening and closing detection sensor and the outer door opening prompter are connected between the power supply bus A, B sides in series, and when the outer door is opened, the outer door opening and closing detection sensor is closed, so that the outer door opening prompter sends an outer door opening prompt.
Optionally, the cabin door detection circuit further includes a sixth electromagnetic relay, a seventh electromagnetic relay, an eighth electromagnetic relay, and a buzzer;
a coil of the sixth electromagnetic relay is connected in series with the outer door opening and closing detection sensor, a coil of the seventh electromagnetic relay is connected in series with the inner door opening and closing detection sensor, and a first normally open switch of the sixth electromagnetic relay, a first normally open switch of the seventh electromagnetic relay, a normally closed switch of the eighth electromagnetic relay and the buzzer are sequentially connected in series between the power supply bus A, B sides;
the buzzing removing switch of the eighth electromagnetic relay is connected with the coil of the eighth electromagnetic relay in series to form a loop which is connected with the normally closed switch of the eighth electromagnetic relay and the buzzer in parallel, and the buzzing removing switch of the eighth electromagnetic relay is a normally open switch.
Optionally, the first electromagnetic relay further includes a second normally open switch and a second normally closed switch, and the electromagnetic valve control circuit includes a ninth electromagnetic relay and a single-pole single-throw switch;
the first end of a second normally open switch of the first electromagnetic relay is connected to the side of the power supply bus A, the second end of the second normally open switch of the first electromagnetic relay is connected with the first end of a single-pole single-throw switch, the second end of the single-pole single-throw switch is connected with the first end of a second normally open switch of a sixth electromagnetic relay, the second end of the second normally open switch of the sixth electromagnetic relay is connected with the first end of a coil of a ninth electromagnetic relay, and the second end of the coil of the ninth electromagnetic relay is connected with the side of the power supply bus B;
the first end of a second normally closed switch of the first electromagnetic relay is connected to the side of a power supply bus A, the second end of the second normally closed switch of the first electromagnetic relay is connected with the first end of a switch of a third electromagnetic relay, the second end of the switch of the third electromagnetic relay is connected with the first end of a third normally open switch of a sixth electromagnetic relay, the second end of the third normally open switch of the sixth electromagnetic relay is connected with the first end of a coil of a ninth electromagnetic relay, and the second end of the coil of the ninth electromagnetic relay is connected with the side of a power supply bus B;
the first end of the switch of the ninth electromagnetic relay is connected to the side of the power supply bus A, the second end of the switch of the ninth electromagnetic relay is connected with the first end of the electromagnetic valve, and the second end of the electromagnetic valve is connected with the side of the power supply bus B.
Optionally, the positive pressure maintaining system in the cabin further includes a power-on circuit, where the power-on circuit includes a power-on switch and a tenth electromagnetic relay;
the first end of the power-on switch is connected with the side of a power supply bus A, the second end of the power-on switch is connected with the first end of a coil of the tenth electromagnetic relay, the second end of the coil of the tenth electromagnetic relay is connected with the side of the power supply bus B, and the switch of the tenth electromagnetic relay is connected to the power supply bus.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a vessel comprising a positive pressure maintenance system in a cabin as provided in the first aspect of the present invention.
The positive pressure maintaining system in the cabin comprises a cabin door detection circuit, an air source, an electric valve, an electromagnetic valve, an electric valve control circuit and an electromagnetic valve control circuit. The cabin door detection circuit is used for detecting the states of an inner door and an outer door of the buffer chamber, the inner door is used for communicating the buffer chamber with the cabin, and the outer door is used for communicating the buffer chamber with the outside. The air source is used for storing high-pressure air. The electric valve is connected with the air source through a pipeline, and the electromagnetic valve is connected with the air source through a pipeline. The electric valve control circuit is connected with the electric valve, and when the air pressure in the cabin is lower than the external air pressure or harmful gas exists outside the cabin, the electric valve control circuit can control the opening of the electric valve so as to enable the air source to supply air to the cabin, and enable the air pressure in the cabin to be higher than the external air pressure. The electromagnetic valve control circuit is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve and the cabin door detection circuit, and when the cabin door detection circuit detects that the outer door is opened, the electromagnetic valve control circuit can control the electromagnetic valve to be opened so as to enable the air source to supply air to the buffer chamber. The electric valve is controlled by the electric valve control circuit to open so that the air source supplies air to the cabin, the micro-positive pressure of the cabin relative to the outside is maintained, external harmful gas is prevented from entering the cabin, and the safety of the ship is improved. In addition, a buffer chamber is arranged between the cabin and the outside, and when the cabin door detection circuit detects that the outer door is opened, the electromagnetic valve can be controlled to be opened through the electromagnetic valve control circuit, so that the air source supplies air to the buffer chamber, the buffer chamber is maintained to have micro positive pressure relative to the outside, and the outside air is prevented from entering the buffer chamber. Meanwhile, the buffer chamber plays a role in buffering, and external high-concentration harmful gas is prevented from directly entering the cabin.
Drawings
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating a system for maintaining positive pressure in a cabin according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a partial structural schematic view of a ship according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a valve control switching circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric valve control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a hatch detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a solenoid valve control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a power-on circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved, technical solutions adopted and technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used merely for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have any special meaning.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a ship according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic view of a ship according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the ship includes a plurality of compartments (2 are exemplarily shown in the figure), each compartment is communicated with an aisle, a buffer chamber is disposed between the aisle and an external area (which may be an area where a deck is located), the buffer chamber is communicated with the external area through an outer door, and the buffer chamber is communicated with the aisle through an inner door. The buffer chamber is arranged between the external area and the passageway, plays a role in buffering, the inner door and the outer door are not opened at the same time, and external high-concentration harmful gas is prevented from directly entering the cabin.
As shown in fig. 1, the cabin interior positive pressure maintaining system includes a door detection circuit 110, a gas source 120, an electric valve 130, an electromagnetic valve 140, an electric valve control circuit 150, and an electromagnetic valve control circuit 160.
The hatch detecting circuit 110 is configured to detect states of an inner door and an outer door of the buffer chamber, where the states of the inner door and the outer door include an open state and a closed state.
The air supply 120 is used to store high pressure air. The electric valve 130 is connected with the gas source 120 through a pipeline, and the electromagnetic valve 140 is connected with the gas source 120 through a pipeline.
The electric valve control circuit 150 is connected to the electric valve 130, and when the air pressure in the cabin is lower than the external air pressure or harmful gas exists outside the cabin, the electric valve control circuit 150 can control the electric valve 130 to open so that the air source 120 supplies air to the cabin, thereby increasing the air pressure in the cabin and maintaining the micro-positive pressure of the cabin relative to the outside. For example, when the ship enters a water area with harmful gas, the door, window and ventilation opening of the cabin are closed first, and then the electric valve 130 is controlled to open through the electric valve control circuit 150, so that the gas source 120 supplies gas to the cabin, the gas pressure in the cabin is increased, the slight positive pressure of the cabin relative to the outside is maintained, and the harmful gas is prevented from entering the cabin.
The solenoid valve control circuit 160 is connected to the solenoid valve 140 and the hatch detection circuit 110, respectively. Under normal conditions, both the inner door and the outer door are in a closed state. When a crewman needs to go to an external area, the crewman opens the inner door first, closes the inner door after entering the buffer chamber, opens the outer door, and when the hatch detection circuit 110 detects that the outer door is opened, the solenoid valve control circuit 160 controls the solenoid valve 140 to open, so that the gas source 120 supplies gas to the buffer chamber, and the buffer chamber is maintained to have a slight positive pressure relative to the outside, thereby preventing external gas from entering the buffer chamber. When the crew enters the outside area, the outer door is closed and the solenoid valve 140 is closed. When the crew needs to return to the cabin from the outside area, the outer door is opened first, and when the cabin door detection circuit 110 detects that the outer door is opened, the solenoid valve control circuit 160 controls the solenoid valve 140 to open, so that the gas source 120 supplies gas to the buffer chamber, and the buffer chamber is maintained to have a slight positive pressure relative to the outside, thereby preventing the outside gas from entering the buffer chamber. After the crew enters the buffer chamber, the outer door is closed and the solenoid valve 140 is closed. The crew then opens the inner door, enters the aisle, and closes the inner door.
The positive pressure maintaining system in the cabin comprises a cabin door detection circuit, an air source, an electric valve, an electromagnetic valve, an electric valve control circuit and an electromagnetic valve control circuit. The cabin door detection circuit is used for detecting the states of an inner door and an outer door of the buffer chamber, the inner door is used for communicating the buffer chamber with the cabin, and the outer door is used for communicating the buffer chamber with the outside. The air source is used for storing high-pressure air. The electric valve is connected with the air source through a pipeline, and the electromagnetic valve is connected with the air source through a pipeline. The electric valve control circuit is connected with the electric valve, and when the air pressure in the cabin is lower than the external air pressure or harmful gas exists outside the cabin, the electric valve can be controlled to open through the electric valve control circuit, so that the air source supplies air to the cabin, and the air pressure in the cabin is higher than the external air pressure. The electromagnetic valve control circuit is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve and the cabin door detection circuit, and when the cabin door detection circuit detects that the outer door is opened, the electromagnetic valve control circuit can control the electromagnetic valve to be opened so as to enable the air source to supply air to the buffer chamber. The electric valve is controlled by the electric valve control circuit to open so that the air source supplies air to the cabin, the micro-positive pressure of the cabin relative to the outside is maintained, external harmful gas is prevented from entering the cabin, and the safety of the ship is improved. In addition, a buffer chamber is arranged between the cabin and the outside, and when the cabin door detection circuit detects that the outer door is opened, the electromagnetic valve control circuit controls the electromagnetic valve to be opened, so that the air source supplies air to the buffer chamber, the micro-positive pressure of the buffer chamber relative to the outside is maintained, and the external air is prevented from entering the buffer chamber. Meanwhile, the buffer chamber plays a role in buffering, and external high-concentration harmful gas is prevented from directly entering the cabin.
In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the positive pressure maintenance system in the cabin further comprises a differential pressure sensor YC, a controller MUC and an alarm S.
The pressure difference sensor YC is arranged at the junction of the cabin and the outside and used for acquiring the air pressure difference value between the cabin and the outside. Illustratively, as shown in fig. 2, a differential pressure sensor YC1 is provided at the interface of the cabin 1 and the outside, and a differential pressure sensor YC2 is provided at the interface of the cabin 2 and the outside.
The controller MCU is connected with the pressure difference sensor YC and the alarm S, and is used for sending an alarm signal to the alarm S when the pressure difference value acquired by the pressure difference sensor YC is determined to be smaller than a preset value so as to remind a crew of taking measures in time, and the electric valve 130 is controlled to be opened through the electric valve control circuit 150 so that the air source 120 supplies air to the cabin and the micro-positive pressure of the cabin relative to the outside is maintained.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the positive pressure maintaining system in the cabin further includes a valve control switching circuit, and the valve control switching circuit is respectively connected to the electric valve control circuit and the electromagnetic valve control circuit, and is configured to switch control modes of the electric valve and the electromagnetic valve, where the control modes include a manual control mode or a remote automatic control mode. Specifically, the manual control mode requires a crewman to personally go to the site where the control switches of the electric valve control circuit and the electromagnetic valve control circuit are located to operate, and the remote automatic control mode only requires the crewman to send a control signal from a far end through the mobile terminal to control the electric valve control circuit and the electromagnetic valve control circuit.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a valve control switching circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the valve control switching circuit includes a push switch SA, a first remote control switch SM2, a second remote control switch SM1, a first electromagnetic relay K1, a second electromagnetic relay YR2, and a third electromagnetic relay YR 1.
The push switch SA and a coil (denoted by K1) of the first electromagnetic relay K1 are connected in series between the power supply bus A, B sides, and switches of the first electromagnetic relay K1 are provided in the electric valve control circuit 150 and the electromagnetic valve control circuit 160 to control the electric valve 130 and the electromagnetic valve 140.
The first remote control switch SM2 and a coil (represented by YR 2) of the second electromagnetic relay YR2 are connected in series between the power supply bus A, B sides, and the switch of the second electromagnetic relay YR2 is provided in the electric valve control circuit 150 for controlling the electric valve 130.
The second remote control switch SM1 is connected in series with the coil (for YR1 representation) of the third electromagnetic relay YR1 between the power supply bus A, B sides, and the switch of the third electromagnetic relay YR1 is provided in the solenoid valve control circuit 160 for controlling the solenoid valve 140.
Specifically, the button switch SA is used for manual control, and the remote control switches SM1 and SM2 can be controlled by sending control signals through a remote end.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric valve control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, the electric valve control circuit 150 includes a single-pole-three-throw switch SA1, a fourth electromagnetic relay K2, and a fifth electromagnetic relay K3. The first electromagnetic relay K1 includes a first normally open switch K11, a first normally closed switch K12, and the second electromagnetic relay YR2 includes a normally open switch YR21 and a normally closed switch YR 22.
The first end of a first normally-open switch K11 of the first electromagnetic relay K1 is connected to the side of a power supply bus A, and the second end of a first normally-open switch K11 of the first electromagnetic relay K1 is connected with the immovable end of a single-pole three-throw switch SA 1. One end of a coil (denoted by K2) of the fourth electromagnetic relay K2 is connected to the first contact of the single pole three throw switch SA1, and the other end of the coil of the fourth electromagnetic relay K2 is connected to the power supply bus B side.
The second contact of the single pole, triple throw switch SA1 is floating. A first end of a coil (denoted by K3) of the fifth electromagnetic relay K3 is connected to the third contact of the single pole three throw switch SA1, and a second end of the coil of the fifth electromagnetic relay K3 is connected to the power supply bus B side.
A first end of a first normally closed switch K12 of the first electromagnetic relay K1 is connected to the power supply bus a side, a second end of the first normally closed switch K12 of the first electromagnetic relay K1 is connected to first ends of a normally open switch YR21 and a normally closed switch YR22 of the second electromagnetic relay YR2, a second end of the normally open switch YR21 of the second electromagnetic relay YR2 is connected to a first end of a coil of the fourth electromagnetic relay K2, and a second end of the normally closed switch YR22 of the second electromagnetic relay YR2 is connected to a first end of a coil of the fifth electromagnetic relay K3.
A first end of the switch K21 of the fourth electromagnetic relay K2 is connected to the power supply bus a side, and a second end of the switch K21 of the fourth electromagnetic relay K2 is connected to the valve opening signal interface a of the electrically operated valve DD. A first end of the switch K31 of the fifth electromagnetic relay K3 is connected to the power supply bus a side, and a second end of the switch K31 of the fifth electromagnetic relay K3 is connected to the valve closing signal interface b of the motor-operated valve DD (i.e., 130).
Specifically, when the electric valve DD needs to be started, the single-pole-three-throw switch SA1 is first turned to the first contact. If the manual control mode is adopted, the button switch SA is pressed, the coil of the first electromagnetic relay K1 is electrified, so that the K11 is closed, the K12 is opened, the coil of the fourth electromagnetic relay K2 is electrified, the K21 is closed, the electric valve DD receives a valve opening signal, and the valve is opened to supply air to the cabin. If the remote automatic control mode is adopted, a remote terminal sends a control signal to control the first remote control switch SM2 to be closed, the coil of the second electromagnetic relay YR2 is electrified, the YR21 is closed, the YR22 is opened, the coil of the fourth electromagnetic relay K2 is electrified, the K21 is closed, the electric valve DD receives a valve opening signal, and the valve is opened to supply air to the cabin.
When the electric valve DD needs to be closed, if the single-pole-three-throw switch SA1 is switched to the third contact point in a manual control mode, the coil of the fifth electromagnetic relay K3 is energized, K31 is closed, and the electric valve DD receives a valve closing signal, closes the valve, and stops supplying air to the cabin. If the remote automatic control mode is adopted, a remote terminal sends a control signal to control the first remote control switch SM2 to be opened, the coil of the second electromagnetic relay YR2 loses power, YR21 is opened, YR22 is closed, the coil of the fifth electromagnetic relay K3 is electrified, K31 is closed, the electric valve DD receives a valve closing signal, and the valve is closed to stop supplying air to the cabin.
In some embodiments of the present invention, electrical valve control circuitry 150 further comprises electrical valve open indication circuitry, electrical valve close indication circuitry, electrical valve open-to-position indication circuitry, and electrical valve close-to-position indication circuitry. Specifically, the switch K22 of the fourth electromagnetic relay K2 and the coil of the relay R1 are connected between the power supply bus A, B sides, and the switch K32 of the fifth electromagnetic relay K3 and the coil of the relay R2 are connected between the power supply bus A, B sides. The switch R11 and the on indicator lamp H4 of the relay R1 are connected between the power supply bus A, B sides, and the switch R21 and the off indicator lamp H5 of the relay R2 are connected between the power supply bus A, B sides. When the fourth electromagnetic relay K2 is electrified and the electric valve DD is opened, the switch K22 is closed, the coil of the relay R1 is electrified, the switch R11 is closed, and the opening indicator lamp H4 is lightened. When the fifth electromagnetic relay K3 is electrified and the electric valve DD is closed, the switch K32 is closed, the coil of the relay R2 is electrified, the switch R21 is closed, and the closing indicator lamp H5 is lightened.
The opening position feedback interface c of the electric valve DD is connected with a coil (denoted by KA) of the relay KA, and the closing position feedback interface d of the electric valve DD is connected with a coil (denoted by KB) of the relay KB. The normally closed switch KA1 of the relay KA is connected to the second end of the coil of the fourth electromagnetic relay K2, and the normally closed switch KB1 of the relay KB is connected to the second end of the coil of the fifth electromagnetic relay K3. The normally open switch KA2 of the relay KA and the open-to-position indicator lamp H1 are connected between the power supply bus A, B sides, and the normally open switch KB2 of the relay KB and the close-to-position indicator lamp H2 are connected between the power supply bus A, B sides. When the electric valve DD is opened in place, the coil of the relay KA is electrified, the switch KA2 is closed, and the in-place opening indicator lamp H1 is lightened. When the electric valve DD is closed to the right position, the coil of the relay KB is electrified, the switch KB2 is closed, and the closed-to-the-right position indicator lamp H2 is lightened.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a hatch detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, the hatch detection circuit 110 includes an inner door opening/closing detection sensor MK2, an outer door opening/closing detection sensor MK1, an inner door opening prompter L1, and an outer door opening prompter L2, where the inner door opening prompter L1 is disposed on an outer door side, and the outer door opening prompter L2 is disposed on the inner door side. The inner door opening prompter L1 and the outer door opening prompter L2 are alarm lamps with a buzzing function.
When the inner door is opened, the inner door opening and closing detection sensor MK2 and the inner door opening prompter L1 are connected in series between the power supply bus A, B sides, the inner door opening and closing detection sensor MK2 is closed, the inner door opening prompter L1 sends an inner door opening prompt to remind a crewman located at the outer door, the inner door is opened at the moment, the outer door is forbidden to be opened, and the phenomenon that the outer door and the inner door are opened simultaneously to cause external gas to enter a cabin is avoided.
The outer door opening and closing detection sensor MK1 and the outer door opening prompter L2 are connected in series between the power supply bus A, B sides, when the outer door is opened, the outer door opening and closing detection sensor MK1 is closed, the outer door opening prompter L2 sends an outer door opening prompt to remind a crewman located at the inner door, and at the moment, the outer door is opened, the inner door is forbidden to be opened, and the situation that the inner door and the outer door are opened simultaneously to cause outside air to enter the cabin is avoided.
Further, the hatch detection circuit of the embodiment of the present invention further includes a sixth electromagnetic relay K5, a seventh electromagnetic relay K6, an eighth electromagnetic relay KAX, and a buzzer FM.
Among them, a coil (denoted by K5) of the sixth electromagnetic relay K5 is connected in series with the outer door opening/closing detection sensor MK1, and a coil of the seventh electromagnetic relay K6 is connected in series with the inner door opening/closing detection sensor MK 2. The first normally open switch K51 of the sixth electromagnetic relay K5, the first normally open switch K61 of the seventh electromagnetic relay K6, the normally closed switch KAX1 of the eighth electromagnetic relay KAX, and the buzzer FM are connected in series between the power supply bus A, B sides in this order.
The buzzing release switch KAX2 of the eighth electromagnetic relay KAX is connected in series with the coil (indicated by KAX) of the eighth electromagnetic relay KAX to form a circuit in parallel with the normally closed switch KAX1 of the eighth electromagnetic relay KAX and the buzzer FM, and the buzzing release switch KAX2 of the eighth electromagnetic relay KAX is a normally open switch.
Specifically, if the inner door and the outer door are opened simultaneously due to a fault or an accident, the coils of the sixth electromagnetic relay K5 and the seventh electromagnetic relay K6 are electrified, the switches K51 and K61 are closed, and the buzzer FM alarms. After the fault or the accidental release, the button SB3 is pressed, so that the buzzing release switch KAX2 is turned off, the coil of the eighth electromagnetic relay KAX loses power, the switch KAX1 is turned off, and the buzzer FM stops giving an alarm.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a solenoid valve control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 6, the solenoid valve control circuit 160 includes a ninth electromagnetic relay KT3 and a single-pole single-throw switch SA 2.
The first end of a second normally-open switch K13 of the first electromagnetic relay K1 is connected to the side of a power supply bus A, the second end of a second normally-open switch K13 of the first electromagnetic relay is connected with the first end of a single-pole single-throw switch SA2, the second end of the single-pole single-throw switch SA2 is connected with the first end of a second normally-open switch K52 of the sixth electromagnetic relay K5, the second end of the second normally-open switch K52 of the sixth electromagnetic relay K5 is connected with the first end of a coil (represented by KT 3) of a ninth electromagnetic relay KT3, and the second end of the coil of the ninth electromagnetic relay KT3 is connected with the side of the power supply bus B. Single pole single throw switch SA2 is a normally closed switch.
The first end of a second normally-closed switch K14 of the first electromagnetic relay K1 is connected to a positive power supply bus, the second end of a second normally-closed switch K14 of the first electromagnetic relay K1 is connected with the first end of a switch YR11 of a third electromagnetic relay YR1, the second end of a switch YR11 of the third electromagnetic relay YR1 is connected with the first end of a third normally-open switch K53 of the sixth electromagnetic relay K5, the second end of a third normally-open switch K53 of the sixth electromagnetic relay K5 is connected with the first end of a coil of a ninth electromagnetic relay KT3, and the second end of the coil of the ninth electromagnetic relay KT3 is connected with the side B of the power supply bus.
The first end of the switch KT31 of the ninth electromagnetic relay KT3 is connected on the side of the power supply bus A, the second end of the switch KT31 of the ninth electromagnetic relay KT3 is connected with the first end of the electromagnetic valve DC, and the second end of the electromagnetic valve DC is connected with the side of the power supply bus B.
Specifically, when the outer door is opened, the outer door opening/closing detection sensor MK1 is closed, the coil of the sixth electromagnetic relay K5 is energized, and the switches K52 and K53 are closed. At this time, the push switch SA is manually pressed, so that K13 is closed, the coil of the ninth electromagnetic relay KT3 is energized, the switch KT31 is closed, and the electromagnetic valve DC is opened. Or, a control signal is sent by a remote end to control the second remote control switch SM1 to be closed, the coil of the third electromagnetic relay YR1 is electrified, the switch YR11 is closed, the coil of the ninth electromagnetic relay KT3 is electrified, the switch KT31 is closed, and the electromagnetic valve DC is opened. When the electromagnetic valve DC needs to be closed, the single-pole single-throw switch SA2 is turned off, the switch KT31 is turned off, and the electromagnetic valve DC is closed. Or, the remote terminal sends a control signal to control the second remote control switch SM1 to be switched off, the switch YR11 to be switched off, the switch KT31 to be switched off and the electromagnetic valve DC to be switched off.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the positive pressure maintaining system in the cabin further includes a power-on circuit, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a power-on circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 7, the power-on circuit includes a power-on switch S1 and a tenth electromagnetic relay KM.
The first end of an upper power switch S1 is connected with the side of a power supply bus A, the second end of an upper power switch S1 is connected with the first end of a coil (represented by KM) of a tenth electromagnetic relay KM, the second end of the coil of the tenth electromagnetic relay KM is connected with the side of a power supply bus B, and switches KM1 and KM2 of the tenth electromagnetic relay KM are connected with the side of a power supply bus A, B. The switch KM3 of the tenth electromagnetic relay KM is connected in parallel with the power-on switch S1.
Specifically, when the power-on switch S1 is pressed, the coil of the tenth electromagnetic relay KM is energized, and the switches KM1, KM2 and KM3 are closed to supply power to the subsequent circuits (e.g., the hatch door detection circuit, the electrically operated valve control circuit, the electromagnetic valve control circuit and the valve control switching circuit). When power-off is required, the switch S2 is opened, and the switches KM1 and KM2 are opened.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide a ship including the positive pressure maintaining system in the cabin according to any of the foregoing embodiments of the present invention, and having the same functions and effects as those of the foregoing embodiments.
In the description herein, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used in a descriptive sense or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings for convenience in description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description herein, references to the description of "an embodiment," "an example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be appropriately combined to form other embodiments as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
The technical principle of the present invention is described above in connection with specific embodiments. The description is made for the purpose of illustrating the principles of the invention and should not be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of other embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort, which would fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A positive pressure maintenance system in a ship's hold, comprising:
the cabin door detection circuit is used for detecting the states of an inner door and an outer door of a buffer chamber, the inner door is used for communicating the buffer chamber with a cabin, and the outer door is used for communicating the buffer chamber with the outside;
the air source is used for storing high-pressure air;
the electric valve is connected with the gas source through a pipeline;
the electromagnetic valve is connected with the gas source through a pipeline;
the electric valve control circuit is connected with the electric valve, and when the air pressure in the cabin is lower than the external air pressure or harmful gas exists outside, the electric valve is controlled to be opened through the electric valve control circuit so that the air source supplies air to the cabin and the air pressure in the cabin is higher than the external air pressure;
and the electromagnetic valve control circuit is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve and the cabin door detection circuit, and when the cabin door detection circuit detects that the outer door is opened, the electromagnetic valve control circuit controls the electromagnetic valve to be opened so that the air source supplies air to the buffer chamber.
2. The system for maintaining positive pressure in a ship cabin according to claim 1, further comprising a differential pressure sensor, a controller and an alarm;
the pressure difference sensor is arranged at the junction of the cabin and the outside and is used for acquiring the air pressure difference value between the cabin and the outside;
the controller is connected with the differential pressure sensor and the alarm, and the controller is used for sending an alarm signal to the alarm when the air pressure difference value acquired by the differential pressure sensor is determined to be smaller than a preset value.
3. The system for maintaining positive pressure in a cabin of a ship of claim 1, further comprising a valve control switching circuit, wherein the valve control switching circuit is respectively connected to the electric valve control circuit and the electromagnetic valve control circuit, and is used for switching the control modes of the electric valve and the electromagnetic valve, and the control modes include a manual control mode or a remote automatic control mode.
4. The positive pressure maintenance system in a ship's hold of claim 3, wherein said valve control switching circuit comprises a push button switch, a first remote control switch, a second remote control switch, a first electromagnetic relay, a second electromagnetic relay, and a third electromagnetic relay;
the button switch and a coil of the first electromagnetic relay are connected between the power supply bus A, B side in series, and the switch of the first electromagnetic relay is arranged in the electric valve control circuit and the electromagnetic valve control circuit and used for controlling the electric valve and the electromagnetic valve;
the first remote control switch and a coil of the second electromagnetic relay are connected in series between the power supply bus A, B sides, and a switch of the second electromagnetic relay is arranged in the electric valve control circuit and used for controlling the electric valve;
and the second remote control switch and a coil of the third electromagnetic relay are connected between the power supply bus A, B sides in series, and the switch of the third electromagnetic relay is arranged in the electromagnetic valve control circuit and used for controlling the electromagnetic valve.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the first electromagnetic relay comprises a first normally open switch and a first normally closed switch, the second electromagnetic relay comprises a normally open switch and a normally closed switch, and the electrically operated valve control circuit comprises a single pole, triple throw switch, a fourth electromagnetic relay, and a fifth electromagnetic relay;
the first end of a first normally open switch of the first electromagnetic relay is connected to the side of a power supply bus A, the second end of the first normally open switch of the first electromagnetic relay is connected with the immovable end of the single-pole three-throw switch, one end of a coil of the fourth electromagnetic relay is connected with a first contact of the single-pole three-throw switch, and two ends of the coil of the fourth electromagnetic relay are connected to the side of the power supply bus B;
a second contact of the single-pole-three-throw switch is suspended, a first end of a coil of the fifth electromagnetic relay is connected with a third contact of the single-pole-three-throw switch, and a second end of the coil of the fifth electromagnetic relay is connected to the side of a power supply bus B;
the first end of a first normally closed switch of the first electromagnetic relay is connected to the side of a power supply bus A, the second end of the first normally closed switch of the first electromagnetic relay is respectively connected with a normally open switch of the second electromagnetic relay and the first end of a normally closed switch, the second end of the normally open switch of the second electromagnetic relay is connected with the first end of a coil of the fourth electromagnetic relay, and the second end of the normally closed switch of the second electromagnetic relay is connected with the first end of the coil of the fifth electromagnetic relay;
a first end of a switch of the fourth electromagnetic relay is connected to the side of a power supply bus A, and a second end of the switch of the fourth electromagnetic relay is connected with a valve opening signal interface of the electric valve; and a first end of a switch of the fifth electromagnetic relay is connected to the side of the power supply bus A, and a second end of the switch of the fifth electromagnetic relay is connected with a valve closing signal interface of the electric valve.
6. The system for maintaining positive pressure in a ship cabin according to claim 5, wherein the cabin door detection circuit includes an inner door opening/closing detection sensor, an outer door opening/closing detection sensor, an inner door opening prompter, and an outer door opening prompter, the inner door opening prompter being provided with the outer door side, the outer door opening prompter being provided with the inner door side;
the inner door opening and closing detection sensor and the inner door opening prompter are connected between the power supply bus A, B in series, and when the inner door is opened, the inner door opening and closing detection sensor is closed, so that the inner door opening prompter sends out an inner door opening prompt;
the outer door opening and closing detection sensor and the outer door opening prompter are connected between the power supply bus A, B sides in series, and when the outer door is opened, the outer door opening and closing detection sensor is closed, so that the outer door opening prompter sends an outer door opening prompt.
7. The system for maintaining a positive pressure in a ship's cabin according to claim 6, wherein the cabin door detection circuit further comprises a sixth electromagnetic relay, a seventh electromagnetic relay, an eighth electromagnetic relay, and a buzzer;
a coil of the sixth electromagnetic relay is connected in series with the outer door opening and closing detection sensor, a coil of the seventh electromagnetic relay is connected in series with the inner door opening and closing detection sensor, and a first normally open switch of the sixth electromagnetic relay, a first normally open switch of the seventh electromagnetic relay, a normally closed switch of the eighth electromagnetic relay and the buzzer are sequentially connected in series between the power supply bus A, B sides;
the buzzing removing switch of the eighth electromagnetic relay is connected with the coil of the eighth electromagnetic relay in series to form a loop which is connected with the normally closed switch of the eighth electromagnetic relay and the buzzer in parallel, and the buzzing removing switch of the eighth electromagnetic relay is a normally open switch.
8. The system for maintaining a positive pressure in a ship cabin according to claim 7, wherein the first electromagnetic relay further comprises a second normally open switch, a second normally closed switch, and the electromagnetic valve control circuit comprises a ninth electromagnetic relay and a single-pole single-throw switch;
the first end of a second normally open switch of the first electromagnetic relay is connected to the side of the power supply bus A, the second end of the second normally open switch of the first electromagnetic relay is connected with the first end of a single-pole single-throw switch, the second end of the single-pole single-throw switch is connected with the first end of a second normally open switch of a sixth electromagnetic relay, the second end of the second normally open switch of the sixth electromagnetic relay is connected with the first end of a coil of a ninth electromagnetic relay, and the second end of the coil of the ninth electromagnetic relay is connected with the side of the power supply bus B;
the first end of a second normally closed switch of the first electromagnetic relay is connected to the side of a power supply bus A, the second end of the second normally closed switch of the first electromagnetic relay is connected with the first end of a switch of a third electromagnetic relay, the second end of the switch of the third electromagnetic relay is connected with the first end of a third normally open switch of a sixth electromagnetic relay, the second end of the third normally open switch of the sixth electromagnetic relay is connected with the first end of a coil of a ninth electromagnetic relay, and the second end of the coil of the ninth electromagnetic relay is connected with the side of a power supply bus B;
the first end of the switch of the ninth electromagnetic relay is connected to the side of the power supply bus A, the second end of the switch of the ninth electromagnetic relay is connected with the first end of the electromagnetic valve, and the second end of the electromagnetic valve is connected with the side of the power supply bus B.
9. The system for maintaining positive pressure in a ship cabin according to claim 1, further comprising a power-on circuit, wherein the power-on circuit comprises a power-on switch and a tenth electromagnetic relay;
the first end of the power-on switch is connected with the side of a power supply bus A, the second end of the power-on switch is connected with the first end of a coil of the tenth electromagnetic relay, the second end of the coil of the tenth electromagnetic relay is connected with the side of the power supply bus B, and the switch of the tenth electromagnetic relay is connected to the power supply bus.
10. A ship comprising the positive pressure maintaining system in the ship's hold of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN202110469095.1A CN113071652A (en) | 2021-04-28 | 2021-04-28 | Positive pressure maintaining system in cabin and ship |
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Cited By (1)
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