CN113059159B - Additive manufacturing method for preventing directional solidification superalloy cracks - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing method for preventing directional solidification superalloy cracks Download PDFInfo
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- CN113059159B CN113059159B CN202110277221.3A CN202110277221A CN113059159B CN 113059159 B CN113059159 B CN 113059159B CN 202110277221 A CN202110277221 A CN 202110277221A CN 113059159 B CN113059159 B CN 113059159B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
- B22F2007/068—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts repairing articles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses an additive manufacturing method for preventing directional solidification superalloy cracks, which comprises a cooling device and a heating device, wherein the cooling device and the heating device are applied to the additive manufacturing process through the following steps: s1: additive manufacturing: performing additive manufacturing on a substrate by adopting laser cladding equipment; s2: on-line cooling and on-line heating: the cooling device is arranged in front of the heat source and used for cooling the front section of the molten pool in real time along with the heat source, and the heating device is arranged at the rear side of the heat source and used for heating the rear section of the molten pool in real time along with the heat source. The heating device moves synchronously with the molten pool behind the molten pool, so that the solid cooling speed of a cladding layer at the rear section of the molten pool can be effectively slowed down, and the residual stress is reduced; the cooling device is arranged at the front section of the molten pool and synchronously moves along with the molten pool, and is used for cooling the temperature of the cladding layer at the front section of the molten pool, so that the temperature gradient of the solid-liquid interface of the molten pool is large enough, the generation of oriented crystals is promoted, and the orientation of solidification is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to an additive manufacturing method for preventing directional solidification superalloy cracks.
Background
The directional superalloy eliminates the transverse grain boundary of the blade, has excellent longitudinal performance and better high temperature resistance, and is widely used in aerospace and gas turbine blades with higher inlet temperature. The corresponding preparation conditions are harsh, and the condition that the heat flow is perpendicular to the single direction of a solid-liquid interface of crystal growth and the melt before the interface of crystal growth has no new crystal core and grows up is required to be satisfied, so that positive temperature gradient is ensured, and the preparation cost is high.
The additive manufacturing means is used as a new manufacturing method, can repair damaged blades in service, and can also be used as a manufacturing means of directional blades. Two problems are generally faced in the preparation of the directional superalloy by actual laser cladding, namely that the directional solidification superalloy such as DZ125, marM247, CM247LC and the like is extremely easy to crack due to larger stress in the laser repairing process; secondly, the problem of orientation of the material, especially when the height of the printing part is high, the heat accumulation is large, so that the epitaxial growth property is poor, and the orientation cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an additive manufacturing method for preventing cracks of a directional solidification superalloy, so as to solve the problems of cracking and incapability of guaranteeing orientation of a directional solidification metal part manufactured by additive during repair or manufacturing.
The additive manufacturing method for preventing directional solidification superalloy cracks comprises a cooling device and a heating device, wherein the cooling device and the heating device are applied to the additive manufacturing process through the following steps:
s1: additive manufacturing: performing additive manufacturing on a substrate by adopting laser cladding equipment;
s2: on-line cooling and on-line heating: the cooling device is arranged in front of the heat source and used for cooling the front section of the molten pool in real time along with the heat source, and the heating device is arranged at the rear side of the heat source and used for heating the rear section of the molten pool in real time along with the heat source, so that a solid-liquid interface of the molten pool has enough temperature gradient.
Further, the cooling device comprises an aluminum foil which can be filled with liquid nitrogen, and the aluminum foil is attached to the cladding layer of the front section of the heat source.
Further, the heating device comprises two heating coils, and the two heating coils are positioned on two sides of the cladding layer at the rear section of the molten pool.
Further, in step S1, the substrate is the same material as the additive manufacturing raw material.
Further, the device also comprises a temperature detection device which is arranged on the laser cladding equipment and used for detecting the temperature of the cladding layer at the rear side of the heat source.
Further, the cooling device, the heating device and the temperature detection device are rotatably mounted on the laser cladding equipment.
Further, in step S1, the substrate is cleaned with acetone and alcohol prior to additive manufacturing.
Further, the cooling device and the heating device are also arranged on the powder feeding device in a height-adjustable mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the heating device moves synchronously with the molten pool behind the molten pool, so that the solid cooling speed of a cladding layer at the rear section of the molten pool can be effectively slowed down, and the residual stress is reduced; the cooling device is arranged at the front section of the molten pool and synchronously moves along with the molten pool, and is used for cooling the temperature of a cladding layer at the front section of the molten pool, so that the temperature gradient of a solid-liquid interface of the molten pool is large enough, the generation of oriented crystals is promoted, the orientation of solidification is improved, and the problem of coarse oriented crystals caused by larger heat accumulation along with the increase of printing height can be solved; the mode realizes real-time cooling and heating of follow-up printing, does not influence printing efficiency, and simplifies the post heat treatment process of the workpiece.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
Detailed Description
As shown in the figure, the additive manufacturing method for preventing directional solidification superalloy cracks in the present embodiment includes a cooling device 1 and a heating device 2, which are applied in the additive manufacturing process by:
s1: additive manufacturing: additive manufacturing is carried out on the substrate 4 by adopting laser cladding equipment 3; in the laser repairing process, the part to be repaired is taken as a substrate;
s2: on-line cooling and on-line heating: the cooling device is arranged in front of the heat source and used for cooling the front section of the molten pool in real time along with the heat source, and the heating device is arranged at the rear side of the heat source and used for heating the rear section of the molten pool in real time along with the heat source, so that a solid-liquid interface of the molten pool has enough temperature gradient.
The heat source is the position of sintering raw materials of the additive manufacturing equipment and the position of a molten pool; the laser cladding is a method of adding cladding materials on the surface of a base material and fusing the cladding materials and the thin layer on the surface of the base material together by utilizing a high-energy-density laser beam, wherein a metallurgically bonded material-adding cladding layer is formed on the surface of a base layer; the laser cladding equipment is the existing equipment and is not described in detail; the cooling device and the heating device can be arranged on the powder feeder of the laser cladding equipment, so that synchronous movement in the printing process can be realized, and detailed description is omitted; the heating temperature of the heating device is 1100 ℃, and the device moves synchronously with the molten pool after the molten pool, so that the solid cooling speed of a cladding layer at the rear section of the molten pool can be effectively slowed down, and the residual stress is reduced; the cooling device is arranged at the front section of the molten pool and synchronously moves along with the molten pool, and is used for cooling the temperature of a cladding layer at the front section of the molten pool, so that the temperature gradient of a solid-liquid interface of the molten pool is large enough, the generation of oriented crystals is promoted, the orientation of solidification is improved, and the problem of coarse oriented crystals caused by larger heat accumulation along with the increase of printing height can be solved; the mode realizes real-time cooling and heating of follow-up printing, does not influence printing efficiency, and simplifies the post heat treatment process of the workpiece;
in this embodiment, the cooling device includes an aluminum foil 1a into which liquid nitrogen can be introduced, and the aluminum foil is attached to the cladding layer of the front section of the heat source. The aluminum foil can be folded to form a hollow cavity, or the aluminum foil can be properly increased in thickness and provided with a corresponding cavity, and the cooling device is further provided with a container tank 1b filled with liquid nitrogen, wherein an outlet of the container tank is communicated with an inner cavity of the aluminum foil through a pipeline, a valve is arranged at the outlet of the container tank to regulate the flow of the liquid nitrogen, the aluminum foil is mounted on a powder feeder at the front section of a molten pool through a buckle, so that synchronous mobility of the cooling device and the molten pool in the printing process can be ensured, the cooling device is always positioned at the front section of the molten pool, the cooling effect of the cooling device of the structure is excellent, and the device can be used for making the temperature gradient of a solid-liquid interface of the molten pool large enough to promote the generation of directional crystals.
In this embodiment, the heating device includes two heating coils, and the two heating coils are located at two sides of the molten pool back section cladding layer. The heating device is arranged on the powder feeder at the rear section of the molten pool to realize synchronous movement with the molten pool, the heating coil is an induction coil, the coil is of an oval structure, and the two sides of a sample at the rear section of the molten pool can be prevented from being contacted with an uncondensed cladding layer, wherein the heating coil adopts electric heating, and the heating temperature can be adjusted according to the requirement;
in this embodiment, in step S1, the substrate and the additive manufacturing raw material are the same. The cladding layer is adhered to the substrate into a whole after being cooled in the additive manufacturing process, so that the formed parts are fixed on the substrate, the stability of the parts in the forming process is improved, and the formed parts are cut off from the substrate after sintering is completed.
In this embodiment, the apparatus further includes a temperature detecting device 5 provided on the laser cladding apparatus for detecting the temperature of the heat source rear side cladding layer. The temperature detection device is preferably an infrared temperature detection device, wherein the temperature detection device comprises an infrared temperature detection device 5a and a temperature display 5b, the infrared temperature detection device 5a is used for detecting the temperature of a cladding layer at the rear side of a heat source, the infrared temperature detection device 5a transmits detected temperature data to the temperature display 5b, the heating temperature of a heating coil is controlled in real time through calculation of the temperature display 5b, and the temperature display 5b is provided with a control panel for manually controlling the temperature of the heating coil, flexibly setting the heating temperature and facilitating control of the heating temperature of the induction heating device; the infrared temperature measuring device is used for measuring the temperature of an induction heating area immediately behind the molten pool.
In this embodiment, the cooling device, the heating device and the temperature detecting device are rotatably mounted on the laser cladding apparatus. Referring to fig. 1, the laser cladding apparatus has two powder feeders 3a, two powder feeders being located on both sides of a laser 3b, the direction of the nozzle injection of the powder feeder and the laser direction of the laser intersecting at a point, the intersection being located at the uppermost cladding layer; the powder feeder can rotate around the laser, the cooling device is arranged on one of the powder feeders, the heating device and the temperature detection device are arranged on the other powder feeder, the positions of the cooling device, the heating device and the temperature detection device can be adjusted by exchanging the positions of the two powder feeders when the powder feeders are rotated at the moment, and after one layer of powder is sintered, the positions of the two powder feeders are adjusted, and the process is repeated until printing is finished;
in this embodiment, in step S1, the substrate is cleaned with acetone and alcohol prior to additive manufacturing. The substrate is cleaned, so that the bonding between the sintered layer and the substrate is facilitated, the stability of the whole formed part is improved, dislocation of the part in the forming process is prevented, and the powder feeder and the laser are convenient to spatially position.
In this embodiment, the cooling device and the heating device are also mounted on the powder feeding device in a height-adjustable manner. The cooling device and the heating device can be adjusted in height through the electric telescopic rod, and the positions of the cooling device and the heating device can be adjusted through the structure, so that the temperature step can be adjusted conveniently.
In the total additive manufacturing process, firstly, cleaning a directional flat substrate with the same components as the additive manufacturing raw materials by using acetone and alcohol, and calibrating the heights and the temperatures of a heating device and a cooling device; then adopting laser cladding equipment to perform additive manufacturing, wherein the laser beam spot size of the laser cladding equipment is as small as possible, the beam spot size is about 1-2mm, and the laser power is about 1000-1800 w; the heating device moves along with the movement of the cladding head all the time in the printing process, so that the heating device moves along with the molten pool, the temperature is fed back and adjusted in real time by utilizing the temperature measuring device, the temperature of the high-temperature alloy is set to be about 800-1050 ℃, and the temperature is adjusted according to different materials; the cooling device synchronously cools the temperature of the front section of the molten pool along with the printing, so that the front section of the molten pool is kept at a lower temperature in the printing process, particularly, the temperature of the front section of the molten pool is lower when a part with higher printing height is ensured, the height of the printed part is generally below 20mm, the flow rate of liquid nitrogen is smaller, and after the height of the printed part exceeds 50mm, the flow rate of the liquid nitrogen is properly increased, and the actual cooling speed is related to the size of a printing structural part and the heat conduction of materials and needs to be adjusted according to actual conditions; and (3) sequentially repeating the printing steps to finish the additive manufacturing of the parts, and cutting the molded parts from the substrate after the manufacturing is finished to perform the working procedures of detection, surface treatment, heat treatment and the like.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An additive manufacturing method for preventing directional solidification superalloy cracks is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprising a cooling device and a heating device, which are applied in an additive manufacturing process by the following steps:
s1: additive manufacturing: performing additive manufacturing on a substrate by adopting laser cladding equipment;
s2: on-line cooling and on-line heating: the cooling device is arranged in front of the heat source and used for cooling the front section of the molten pool in real time along with the heat source, and the heating device is arranged at the rear side of the heat source and used for heating the rear section of the molten pool in real time along with the heat source, so that a solid-liquid interface of the molten pool has enough temperature gradient.
2. The additive manufacturing method for preventing cracks in directionally solidified superalloy according to claim 1, wherein: the cooling device comprises an aluminum foil which can be introduced with liquid nitrogen, and the aluminum foil is attached to the cladding layer of the front section of the heat source.
3. The additive manufacturing method for preventing cracks in directionally solidified superalloy according to claim 2, wherein: the heating device comprises two heating coils, and the two heating coils are positioned on two sides of the cladding layer at the rear section of the molten pool.
4. The additive manufacturing method for preventing cracks in directionally solidified superalloy according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the substrate is made of the same material as the additive manufacturing raw material.
5. A method of additive manufacturing for preventing cracking of directionally solidified superalloys according to claim 3, characterized in that: the device also comprises a temperature detection device which is arranged on the laser cladding equipment and used for detecting the temperature of the cladding layer at the rear side of the heat source.
6. The additive manufacturing method for preventing cracking of directionally solidified superalloy according to claim 5, wherein: the cooling device, the heating device and the temperature detection device are rotatably arranged on the laser cladding equipment.
7. The additive manufacturing method for preventing cracking of directionally solidified superalloy according to claim 4, wherein: in step S1, the substrate is cleaned with acetone and alcohol prior to additive manufacturing.
8. The additive manufacturing method for preventing cracking of directionally solidified superalloy according to claim 6, wherein: the cooling device and the heating device are also arranged on the powder feeding device in a height-adjustable mode.
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| CN202110277221.3A CN113059159B (en) | 2021-03-15 | 2021-03-15 | Additive manufacturing method for preventing directional solidification superalloy cracks |
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| CN113579249A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-02 | 浙江工业大学 | Method for inhibiting Laves phase precipitation in laser additive manufacturing process of nickel-based alloy |
| CN115041710A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-09-13 | 烟台哈尔滨工程大学研究院 | Three-dimensional temperature field control device for multi-energy beam additive manufacturing |
| CN116219434B (en) * | 2023-05-04 | 2023-07-07 | 成都裕鸢航空智能制造股份有限公司 | Repair device and repair method for turbine guide vane of aero-engine |
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| WO2003031108A1 (en) * | 2001-10-09 | 2003-04-17 | Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) | Process for avoiding cracking in welding |
| GB0420578D0 (en) * | 2004-09-16 | 2004-10-20 | Rolls Royce Plc | Forming structures by laser deposition |
| CN102162096B (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2012-07-25 | 西安交通大学 | Laser metal direct forming method of liquid argon jet cooling directional solidification |
| DE102016113246A1 (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2018-01-25 | GEFERTEC GmbH | Method and device for producing a metallic material mixture in additive manufacturing |
| DE102018209037A1 (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2019-12-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for the additive production of a component |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104959604A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-10-07 | 华中科技大学 | High energy beam area-selecting fusing method and device capable of controlling temperature gradient in shaping area |
| CN106552939A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2017-04-05 | 通用电气公司 | For single crystal superalloys and the apparatus and method of the direct write of metal |
| CN105689710A (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-06-22 | 西北工业大学 | Microstructure regulation and control method for high-energy beam metal additive manufacturing |
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