CN113031056A - Fault closure analysis method and device under structural constraint - Google Patents

Fault closure analysis method and device under structural constraint Download PDF

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CN113031056A
CN113031056A CN201911247924.0A CN201911247924A CN113031056A CN 113031056 A CN113031056 A CN 113031056A CN 201911247924 A CN201911247924 A CN 201911247924A CN 113031056 A CN113031056 A CN 113031056A
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fault
determining
section
closure
stratum
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CN113031056B (en
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景紫岩
王国庆
周福存
詹益旺
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G01V1/301—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures
    • G01V1/302—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures in 3D data cubes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/61—Analysis by combining or comparing a seismic data set with other data
    • G01V2210/616—Data from specific type of measurement
    • G01V2210/6169—Data from specific type of measurement using well-logging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/64—Geostructures, e.g. in 3D data cubes
    • G01V2210/642—Faults
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/40—Controlling or monitoring, e.g. of flood or hurricane; Forecasting, e.g. risk assessment or mapping

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Abstract

The invention provides a fault closure analysis method and device under structural constraint. The method comprises the following steps: interpreting seismic data of a target fault research area, and determining fault and position information; modeling under construction constraint according to the fault and layer information, and determining a fault and stratum model; performing grid division on the cross section of the fault, analyzing the intersection line of the fault and the stratum under the structural constraint, and determining the stratum intersection relation on two sides of the fault; projecting the logging data according to the structural constraint and the cross-over relation, and determining the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section; and determining the fault closure according to the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section, and exploring and developing the fault block hydrocarbon reservoir by using the closure. The invention solves the technical problems that the prior art can only carry out two-dimensional analysis and has low accuracy and scientificity in determining the fault rock sealing performance, and achieves the effect of determining the fault sealing performance with higher precision.

Description

Fault closure analysis method and device under structural constraint
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploration and development, in particular to a fault closure analysis method and device under structural constraint.
Background
Fault closure is always one of the core problems of petroleum geology research, and is concerned by petroleum geologists at home and abroad, 80% of fault block oil and gas reservoirs are controlled by fault closure, fault closure analysis is directly related to whether trapping under fault control can be accurately judged to form a reservoir and oil and gas height, and whether the oil and gas height and trapping area of the fault block trapping can be accurately judged and predicted, so that fault closure analysis is crucial to improving oil and gas exploration benefit, and exploration decision deployment and investment are directly influenced.
In the prior art of fault closure analysis, the closure of a target fault is determined by an SGR (fault mud ratio) method through an ideal model, but in specific implementation, the existing evaluation parameter model is too ideal, only a simple proportional relation between the mud content and the fault distance is considered, and the influence of structural change on the closure is not considered; meanwhile, the existing closure evaluation is based on a formula to carry out simple analysis, quantification and software cannot be realized, and the efficiency is not high. Therefore, the accuracy of the existing fault seal analysis is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fault closure analysis method under structural constraint, where the method includes:
interpreting seismic data of a target fault research area, and determining fault and position information;
modeling under construction constraint according to the fault and layer information, and determining a fault and stratum model;
performing grid division on the cross section of the fault, analyzing the intersection line of the fault and the stratum under the structural constraint, and determining the stratum intersection relation on two sides of the fault;
projecting the logging data according to the structural constraint and the cross-over relation, and determining the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section;
and determining the fault closure according to the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section, and exploring and developing the fault block hydrocarbon reservoir by using the closure.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the interpreting seismic data of a target fault research area, and determining fault and horizon information includes: and interpreting the three-dimensional seismic data volume of the target fault research area to obtain the section spread data, the fault distance information and the horizon data of the fault.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the meshing the fracture surface of the fault, analyzing intersecting lines of the fault and the strata under structural constraint, and determining a junction relationship between the strata on both sides of the fault includes: carrying out grid division on the cross section of the fault, carrying out constraint according to the structural change trend, projecting the stratum to the cross section of the fault along the stratum change, and intersecting the cross section to form a stratum and fault intersection line; and determining the connection relation of the stratums at two sides of the fault according to the formed intersecting line of the stratums and the fault.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the projecting the log data according to the structural constraint and the cross-over relationship, and determining the closure factor values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section includes: projecting the logging data according to the structural constraint and the cross-over relation, loading the logging data into a plurality of grid points of the fracture surface of the fault, and determining the shale content of each grid point of the fracture surface; determining the fault distance value of each grid point of the section according to the fault distance information of the fault; and calculating the closure coefficient value of each grid point of the section according to the mud content and the fault distance value of each grid point of the section.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the determining the fault closure according to the closure coefficient values of the plurality of grid points of the fault section includes: determining a threshold value of a sealing coefficient of the fault research area according to geological data of the fault research area; the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section are compared with the threshold value of the closure coefficient of the fault research area, and the closure of the fault is determined according to the comparison result.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the comparing the sealing coefficient values of the plurality of grid points of the cross section of the fault with the threshold of the sealing coefficient of the study region of the fault, and determining the sealing of the fault according to the comparison result includes: if the closure coefficient value of a grid point is not larger than the threshold value of the closure coefficient, closing the grid point; otherwise, the grid point is not closed.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the exploration and development of the fault block hydrocarbon reservoir by using the seal includes: and when the preset number of grid points of the fault section are closed, drilling the fault block trap under fault control.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a fault closure analysis device under structural constraint, which comprises:
the data interpretation module is used for interpreting seismic data of a target fault research area and determining fault and position information;
the modeling module is used for modeling under the structural constraint according to the fault and layer information and determining a fault and stratum model;
the network division module is used for carrying out grid division on the cross section of the fault, analyzing the intersecting line of the fault and the stratum under the structural constraint and determining the stratum intersecting relation at two sides of the fault;
the coefficient determining module is used for projecting the logging data according to the structural constraint and the cross-over relation and determining the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section;
and the sealing determination module is used for determining the sealing of the fault according to the sealing coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section and exploring and developing the fault block hydrocarbon reservoir by utilizing the sealing.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the data interpretation module includes: and the data interpretation unit is used for interpreting the three-dimensional seismic data volume of the target fault research area to obtain the section spread data, the fault distance information and the horizon data of the fault.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the network dividing module includes: the intersection line determining unit is used for carrying out grid division on the cross section of the fault, carrying out constraint according to the structure change trend, projecting the stratum to the cross section of the fault along the stratum change and intersecting the cross section to form a stratum and fault intersection line; and the cross-connection relation unit is used for determining the cross-connection relation of the stratums at two sides of the fault according to the formed stratum and the fault cross line.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the coefficient determining module includes: the mud content determining unit is used for projecting the logging data according to the structural constraint and the handover relation, loading the logging data into a plurality of grid points of the fracture surface of the fault, and determining the mud content of each grid point of the fracture surface; the fault-section value unit is used for determining the fault-section value of each grid point of the fault section according to the fault-section information of the fault section; and the coefficient determining unit is used for calculating the sealing coefficient value of each grid point of the section according to the mud content and the distance value of each grid point of the section.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the closure determining module includes: a threshold determination unit for determining a threshold of a sealing coefficient of the fault study area according to geological data of the fault study area; and the closure determining unit is used for comparing the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the cross section of the fault with the threshold value of the closure coefficient of the fault research area, and determining the closure of the fault according to the comparison result.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the closure determining unit includes: the judging subunit is used for judging that a grid point is closed if the sealing coefficient value of the grid point is not larger than the threshold value of the sealing coefficient; otherwise, the grid point is not closed.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the closure determining module further includes: and the well drilling control unit is used for drilling the fault block trap under fault control when the preset number of grid points of the fault section are closed.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, the following steps are implemented:
interpreting seismic data of a target fault research area, and determining fault and position information;
modeling under construction constraint according to the fault and layer information, and determining a fault and stratum model;
performing grid division on the cross section of the fault, analyzing the intersection line of the fault and the stratum under the structural constraint, and determining the stratum intersection relation on two sides of the fault;
projecting the logging data according to the structural constraint and the cross-over relation, and determining the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section;
and determining the fault closure according to the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section, and exploring and developing the fault block hydrocarbon reservoir by using the closure.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the following steps:
interpreting seismic data of a target fault research area, and determining fault and position information;
modeling under construction constraint according to the fault and layer information, and determining a fault and stratum model;
performing grid division on the cross section of the fault, analyzing the intersection line of the fault and the stratum under the structural constraint, and determining the stratum intersection relation on two sides of the fault;
projecting the logging data according to the structural constraint and the cross-over relation, and determining the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section;
and determining the fault closure according to the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section, and exploring and developing the fault block hydrocarbon reservoir by using the closure.
The invention considers the influence of the structure change on the precision and the closure of the geological model, and utilizes the structure modeling technology under the constraint of a small layer to build and analyze the three-dimensional geological model, thereby solving the technical problems that the existing fault closure determination technology can only carry out two-dimensional analysis and has low accuracy and scientificity for determining the fault closure, and achieving the effect of determining the fault closure with higher precision.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a fault closure analysis method under construction constraints according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for constructing a fault seal analysis under constraints in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a detailed flow chart of a method for constructing a fault seal analysis under constraints in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of depth domain seismic data for an area in which a fault is located in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fine structure model of a region where a fault is located in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-line view of a fault and formation in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a distribution diagram of the sealing coefficient R values of the cross section in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a fault closure analysis apparatus under structural constraint according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a fault closure analysis method and device under structural constraint.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a fault closure analysis method under construction constraint according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method includes:
step S1, interpreting seismic data of a target fault research area, and determining fault and position information;
step S2, modeling under construction constraint according to the fault and horizon information, and determining a fault and stratum model;
step S3, performing grid division on the cross section of the fault, analyzing the intersection line of the fault and the stratum under the structural constraint, and determining the stratum intersection relation at two sides of the fault;
step S4, the logging data is projected according to the structural constraint and the cross-over relation, and the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section are determined;
and step S5, determining the sealing performance of the fault according to the sealing coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section, and exploring and developing the fault block hydrocarbon reservoir by using the sealing performance.
In consideration of the current fault closure evaluation technology, the method utilizes well drilling data and a horizon interpreted by earthquake, projects the lithology on the well to a section according to the interpreted horizon, and represents the fault closure through the ratio relation between the lithology and the fault distance. The well drilling data usually has two-dimension and locality, so that the existing fault closure determination method can only perform simple two-dimension data calculation and analysis, the influence of structural change and stratum fluctuation on the closure is not considered, and the accuracy and technical requirements of field exploration and production practice cannot be well met. The existing evaluation technology has two defects in implementation and specific implementation of a fault mud ratio method, namely, the influence of structural factors on the closure is not considered, and structural amplitude change and caused fault distance difference cannot be truly reflected; and secondly, the influence on the sealing evaluation result usually only relates to the mud content and the fault distance of a certain well, and the influence of the change of lithology is not considered, aiming at the root cause of the technical problem, the invention considers the influence of structural change on the precision and the sealing of the geological model, and utilizes the structural modeling technology under small layer constraint to build and analyze the three-dimensional geological model, thereby solving the technical problems that the existing fault sealing determination method can only carry out two-dimensional analysis and determine the accuracy and the scientificity of the fault rock sealing, and achieving the effect of determining the fault sealing with higher precision.
As one embodiment of the invention, interpreting seismic data of a target fault study area, determining fault and horizon information comprises: and interpreting the three-dimensional seismic data volume of the target fault research area to obtain the section spread data, the fault distance information and the horizon data of the fault.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the meshing the fracture surface of the fault, analyzing the intersecting line of the fault and the stratum under the structural constraint, and determining the intersecting relationship of the stratum at two sides of the fault includes: carrying out grid division on the cross section of the fault, carrying out constraint according to the structural change trend, projecting the stratum to the cross section of the fault along the stratum change, and intersecting the cross section to form a stratum and fault intersection line; and determining the connection relation of the stratums at two sides of the fault according to the formed intersecting line of the stratums and the fault.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the projecting the log data according to the structural constraint and the cross-connection relationship, and the determining the closure coefficient values of the plurality of grid points of the fault section includes: projecting the logging data according to the structural constraint and the cross-over relation, loading the logging data into a plurality of grid points of the fracture surface of the fault, and determining the shale content of each grid point of the fracture surface; determining the fault distance value of each grid point of the section according to the fault distance information of the fault; and calculating the closure coefficient value of each grid point of the section according to the mud content and the fault distance value of each grid point of the section.
As an embodiment of the present invention, determining the seal of the fault from the seal coefficient values of the plurality of grid points of the fault section includes: determining a threshold value of a sealing coefficient of the fault research area according to geological data of the fault research area; the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section are compared with the threshold value of the closure coefficient of the fault research area, and the closure of the fault is determined according to the comparison result.
In this embodiment, comparing the values of the closure coefficient of the plurality of grid points of the cross section of the fault with the threshold value of the closure coefficient of the fault study area, and determining the closure of the fault according to the comparison result comprises: if the closure coefficient value of a grid point is not larger than the threshold value of the closure coefficient, closing the grid point; otherwise, the grid point is not closed.
In this embodiment, exploratory development of the fault block hydrocarbon reservoir using the seal comprises: and when the preset number of grid points of the fault section are closed, drilling the fault block trap under fault control.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, a flow chart of a method for fault closure analysis under construction constraints in an embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein the method includes:
101, interpreting according to seismic data of a target fault research area, and determining fault and position information; the fault information comprises fault distance, burial depth, section form, section rotation irregularity, fault data and the like of the fault; the horizon information comprises horizon data, depth, a horizon spreading form and a spreading rule.
102, modeling under construction constraint according to fault and horizon information constraint to obtain a high-precision fault and stratum model; the fault and stratum models are three-dimensional geological models constructed by adopting fault and stratum basic information, and are used for well expressing the mutual relation of two objects, and performing good three-dimensional visual representation and description on spatial query, topological relation, geometric characteristics and attribute characteristics so as to be used for subsequent fault plugging performance evaluation. In addition, the fault and stratum models, i.e. the geological foundation of the subsequent steps, are used in steps 103, 104 and 105.
103, meshing the cross section, analyzing the intersecting line of the fault and the stratum under the structural constraint, and analyzing the stratum intersecting relation at two sides of the fault;
104, projecting the logging data according to the construction constraint and the handover relation, and calculating a closure coefficient R through analysis;
105, displaying a model closure coefficient R under construction constraint through a section;
106, analyzing the closure coefficient R values of different butt joint relations, comparing the calculated R values with closure R thresholds, and quantitatively determining the closures of different layers;
and 107, guiding exploration, development and deployment of the fault block oil and gas reservoir according to the sealing performance of different layers.
In the embodiment of the invention, the fracture surface distribution data, the fault distance information and the horizon data of the fracture surface are considered, the well logging data of the area where the fracture surface is located are also considered, the lithological data body of the fracture surface is obtained through the data, the juxtaposition relation of the upper and lower laccolite properties of the stratums at two sides of the fracture surface can be accurately obtained through the three-dimensional geological model under the structural constraint, particularly the layer fault cross-connection relation under the fine constraint of a small layer, the changed geological evaluation model body which can reflect the real geological condition is formed, the fault sealing coefficient R of each grid point is quantitatively calculated by utilizing the lithological projection under the gridding and structural constraint, the sealing property of the fracture surface is determined according to the certain value of the fault sealing coefficient R of a plurality of grid points of the fracture surface, the qualitative estimation is not dependent on the.
In specific implementation, the depth domain seismic data of the area where the mudstone smear type fault is located can be input into seismic interpretation related software, such as Geoeast software, Landmark software or Geoframe software, so as to obtain the section spread data, the fault distance information and the horizon data of the fault.
In specific implementation, the seismic data of the target fault research area are interpreted to determine fault and horizon information, and one embodiment is given below.
In one embodiment, interpreting seismic data of a target fault study area to determine fault and horizon information includes:
and loading the seismic data volume of the area where the target research area is located into interpretation software to obtain the section spread data, the fault distance information and the layer data of the fault.
In the above embodiment, the three-dimensional seismic data of the area where the target research is located may be input into interpretation software, for example, Geoeast software, Landmark software or geotrace software, but it should be understood that the above software is only an example, and other interpretation software may also be adopted, and relevant variations should fall within the scope of the present invention.
In one embodiment, the modeling under the construction constraint is performed according to the fault and horizon information constraint, and the obtaining of the high-precision fault and stratum model comprises the following steps:
constructing a construction model according to the horizon data of the fault region; and constructing a fault model according to fault data of the region where the fault is located.
In the above embodiment, the horizon in the area where the fault is located and the fault data may be input into the modeling module system of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above software is only an example, and other modeling software, such as Petrel software or GPTmodel software, may also be used to construct the horizon and fault model, and all the relevant variations should fall within the scope of the present invention.
In one embodiment, the cross section is gridded, the intersecting line of the fault and the stratum is analyzed under the structural constraint, and the intersecting relation of the stratums at two sides of the fault is analyzed;
and (4) according to the structural change trend, the stratum is projected to the section along the stratum change and is intersected with the section to form a stratum and fault intersection line.
And analyzing the connection relation of the stratums at two sides of the fault according to the formed intersecting line of the stratum and the fault, such as sandstone to sandstone, mudstone to mudstone and the like.
In the above embodiment, the established model system may be input into the intersection analysis system of the present invention, and it should be understood that the software is only an example, and other related software may also be used, and all the related modifications should fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the well log data is projected according to the structural constraint and the cross-over relationship, and the method of calculating the sealing coefficient R by analysis is various, and one embodiment is given below.
In one embodiment of the present invention, there are various methods for determining the closure factor R of a plurality of grid points of a fracture surface of a mudstone smear type fracture based on the fault distance information and log data, and one embodiment thereof is given below.
In an embodiment of the present invention, obtaining the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of a fracture surface of a fault according to fault-offset information and well-logging lithology information of the fault includes:
loading the well logging lithology data body into a plurality of grid points of the fracture surface of the fault, and determining the shale content of each grid point of the fracture surface;
determining the fault distance value of each grid point of the section according to the fault distance information of the fault;
and calculating the sealing coefficient R of each grid point of the section according to the mud content and the distance value of each grid point of the section.
In one embodiment, the mudstone smearing coefficient value of each grid point of the section is calculated according to the mudstone content and the fracture distance value of each grid point of the section by adopting the following formula:
Ri＝Vshi/Di (1)
ri is a mudstone smearing coefficient value of the ith grid point of the section; diThe fault distance of the ith grid point of the cross section; vshiThe mud content of the ith grid point of the cross section.
In specific implementation, there are various methods for analyzing the fault closure according to the closure coefficient R values of a plurality of grid points of a mudstone smear type fault section, and one example is given below.
In an embodiment of the present invention, analyzing the R values of the sealing coefficients at different docking relationships, comparing the calculated R values with a sealing R threshold, and quantitatively determining the sealing of different horizons, includes:
determining a threshold value of a sealing coefficient R of a region where a fault is located according to geological data of the region where the fault is located;
and comparing the sealing coefficient values R of a plurality of grid points of the cross section of the fault with the threshold value of the sealing coefficient of the area where the fault is located, and determining the sealing of the fault according to the comparison result.
In specific implementation, there are various methods for determining the threshold of the sealing coefficient of the region where the fault is located according to the geological data of the region where the fault is located, and one embodiment is given below.
In an embodiment of the present invention, comparing the sealing coefficients R of the plurality of grid points of the cross section with the threshold of the sealing coefficient R of the region where the cross section is located, and determining the sealing of the cross section includes:
for each grid point, if the closure coefficient R value of the grid point is not greater than the threshold of the closure coefficient R, closing the grid point; otherwise, the grid point is not closed.
In specific implementation, the fault seal analysis method further includes: and when the set number of grid points of the section of the fault are closed, determining to drill the fault block trap under the fault control.
Based on the above embodiment, the present invention provides the following embodiment to describe a detailed flow of the fault seal analysis method, fig. 3 is a detailed flow chart of the fault seal analysis method under the structural constraint provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, in an embodiment, the detailed flow of the fault seal analysis method includes:
step s11, acquiring section spread data, section distance information and layer data of the mudstone smearing type fault according to the seismic data of the area where the fault is located;
step s12, modeling under construction constraint according to fault and horizon information constraint to obtain high-precision fault and stratum models;
step s13, gridding the cross section, and projecting the layer position to the cross section according to the structure trend under the structure constraint to form the intersection line of the cross section and the layer position;
step s14, analyzing intersecting lines of the fault and the stratum, and analyzing the stratum intersecting relation at two sides of the fault;
step s15, projecting the logging data to a plurality of grid points of the fracture surface according to the construction constraint and the cross-over relation, and determining the shale content of each grid point of the fracture surface;
step s16, determining the fault distance value of each grid point of the cross section according to the fault distance information of the fault;
step s17, calculating the sealing coefficient R of each grid point of the section according to the mud content and the distance value of each grid point of the section;
step s18, displaying a model closure coefficient R under the structural constraint through a section;
step s19, calculating a sealing coefficient Rthreshold according to the known well drilling data of the region;
and step s20, analyzing the sealing coefficient R values at different butting relations, and comparing the calculated R values with a sealing R threshold value.
Step s21, for each grid point, if the value of the closure coefficient R of the grid point is not greater than the threshold value of the closure coefficient R, closing the grid point; otherwise, the grid point is not closed; (ii) a
And step s22, guiding exploration, development and deployment of the fault block oil and gas reservoir according to the sealing performance of different layers, and determining to drill a fault block trap under fault control.
Of course, it is understood that other variations of the detailed flow of the fault closure analysis method may be adopted, and the related variations should fall within the scope of the present invention.
According to the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the influence of structural change on the sealing performance is considered, the fracture surface distribution data, the fault distance information and the horizon data of the fault are considered, the logging data of the region where the fault is located are also considered, the lithology data volume of the fault is obtained through the data, the juxtaposition relation of the upper and lower laccolite layers on the stratums at two sides of the fault can be accurately obtained through the three-dimensional geological model under the fine structural constraint, particularly the horizon fault cross-connection relation under the fine constraint of a small layer, the changed geological evaluation model volume which can reflect the real geological condition is formed, the lithology projection under the gridding and structural constraint is utilized to quantitatively calculate the fault sealing performance coefficient R of each grid point, the sealing performance of the fault is determined according to the certain value of the fault sealing performance coefficients R of a plurality of grid points of the fault, the qualitative estimation is not dependent on the empirical value.
One of the examples is given below to illustrate the specific application of the method proposed by the present invention.
Acquiring section spread data, section distance information and layer data of a fault by using Geoaast software according to depth domain seismic data of a region where the fault is located, wherein FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the depth domain seismic data of the region where the fault is located in the embodiment of the invention, and W, E in the diagram represents directions west and east; a and B represent the top and bottom surfaces of the target interval, respectively.
And loading the position and fault data of the region of the fault into the modeling module of the invention to obtain a fine geological model under the constraint of the mud structure and the fault. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fine structure model of a region where a fault is located in an embodiment of the invention.
And (5) according to the model construction constraint trend, projecting the stratum onto the section, and extracting the intersection line. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a fault and formation, implemented as an upper wall formation projection line, with the dashed line being a lower wall formation projection line. According to the section spreading data, carrying out grid division on the section of the fault to obtain a plurality of grid points of the section, loading a lithology data body obtained by logging into the plurality of grid points of the section of the fault, and determining the shale content of each grid point of the section; determining the fault distance value of each grid point of the section according to the fault distance information of the fault; and (3) calculating the sealing coefficient value R of each grid point of the section by adopting a formula (1) according to the mud content and the distance value of each grid point of the section. FIG. 7 is a distribution diagram of the R value of the sealing coefficient of the cross section.
Calculating and counting according to known drilling reservoir data of the region by adopting a formula (1), obtaining that the sealing threshold value of the region is 22%, comparing the sealing threshold value R of each grid point, and if the sealing coefficient value R of the grid point is not more than 22% of the threshold value, sealing the grid point; otherwise, the grid point is not closed.
The invention considers the influence of the structure change on the precision and the closure of the geological model, and utilizes the structure modeling technology under the constraint of a small layer to build and analyze the three-dimensional geological model, thereby solving the technical problems that the existing fault closure determination technology can only carry out two-dimensional analysis and has low accuracy and scientificity for determining the fault closure, and achieving the effect of determining the fault closure with higher precision.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a fault closure analysis apparatus under structural constraint according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the apparatus includes:
the data interpretation module 10 is used for interpreting seismic data of a target fault research area and determining fault and position information;
the modeling module 20 is used for modeling under the structural constraint according to the fault and layer information and determining a fault and stratum model;
the network dividing module 30 is used for performing grid division on the cross section of the fault, analyzing the intersecting line of the fault and the stratum under the structural constraint and determining the intersecting relation of the stratum at two sides of the fault;
the coefficient determining module 40 is configured to project the logging data according to the structural constraint and the cross-over relationship, and determine a closure coefficient value of a plurality of grid points of a fault section;
and the sealing determination module 50 is used for determining the sealing of the fault according to the sealing coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section and exploring and developing the fault block hydrocarbon reservoir by using the sealing.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the data interpretation module includes: and the data interpretation unit is used for interpreting the three-dimensional seismic data volume of the target fault research area to obtain the section spread data, the fault distance information and the horizon data of the fault.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the network partitioning module includes: the intersection line determining unit is used for carrying out grid division on the cross section of the fault, carrying out constraint according to the structure change trend, projecting the stratum to the cross section of the fault along the stratum change and intersecting the cross section to form a stratum and fault intersection line; and the cross-connection relation unit is used for determining the cross-connection relation of the stratums at two sides of the fault according to the formed stratum and the fault cross line.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the coefficient determination module includes: the mud content determining unit is used for projecting the logging data according to the structural constraint and the handover relation, loading the logging data into a plurality of grid points of the fracture surface of the fault, and determining the mud content of each grid point of the fracture surface; the fault-section value unit is used for determining the fault-section value of each grid point of the fault section according to the fault-section information of the fault section; and the coefficient determining unit is used for calculating the sealing coefficient value of each grid point of the section according to the mud content and the distance value of each grid point of the section.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the closure determination module includes: a threshold determination unit for determining a threshold of a sealing coefficient of the fault study area according to geological data of the fault study area; and the closure determining unit is used for comparing the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the cross section of the fault with the threshold value of the closure coefficient of the fault research area, and determining the closure of the fault according to the comparison result.
In the present embodiment, the closure determining unit includes: the judging subunit is used for judging that a grid point is closed if the sealing coefficient value of the grid point is not larger than the threshold value of the sealing coefficient; otherwise, the grid point is not closed.
In this embodiment, the closure determining module further includes: and the well drilling control unit is used for drilling the fault block trap under fault control when the preset number of grid points of the fault section are closed.
The fault closure analysis device under the structural constraint can also realize the functions thereof through the following modules, and specifically comprises the following modules:
the first data acquisition module is used for acquiring section spread data, section distance information and layer data of the fault according to depth domain seismic data of the region where the fault is located;
the modeling module is used for modeling under construction constraint according to fault and horizon information constraint to obtain high-precision fault and stratum models;
the meshing module is used for meshing the cross section of the fault according to the cross section spreading data of the fault to obtain a plurality of grid points of the cross section;
and the intersecting line picking module is used for projecting the layer position to the cross section according to the structure trend under the structure constraint to form a cross section and a layer position intersecting line and picking up a layer position fault intersecting line.
The closure calculation module is used for obtaining closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the section of the fault according to the fault distance information of the fault and lithological data obtained by logging;
and the analysis module is used for analyzing the sealing performance of the fault according to the sealing performance system values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the modeling module is specifically configured to:
constructing a fine geological structure model according to fault data of a region where a fault is located and horizon data of the fault;
in an embodiment of the present invention, the closure calculation module is specifically configured to:
loading logging data into a plurality of grid points of the section of the mudstone smearing type fault, and determining the mud content of each grid point of the section;
determining the fault distance value of each grid point of the fracture surface according to the fault distance information of the mudstone smearing type fracture surface;
and calculating mudstone smearing coefficient values of all grid points of the section according to the mudstone content and the fault distance value of all grid points of the section.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the analysis module is specifically configured to:
determining a threshold value of a sealing coefficient of a region where a mudstone smearing type fault is located according to geological data of the region where the fault is located;
and comparing the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the cross section of the fault with the threshold value of the closure coefficient of the area where the fault is located, and determining the closure of the fault according to the comparison result.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the analysis module is further specifically configured to:
obtaining mudstone smearing coefficient values corresponding to the multiple collecting points according to the breaking distance values of the multiple collecting points on the mudstone smearing fracture zone;
and fitting the mudstone thickness values of the plurality of collecting points on the mudstone smearing fracture zone with the mudstone smearing coefficient values corresponding to the plurality of collecting points to obtain the quantitative relation between the mudstone thickness values and the mudstone smearing coefficient values.
In an embodiment of the invention, the analysis module is further configured to:
for each grid point, if the closure coefficient value of the grid point is not greater than the threshold value of the closure coefficient, closing the grid point; otherwise, the grid point is not closed.
And when the set number of grid points of the section of the fault are closed, determining to drill the fault block trap under the fault control.
In an embodiment of the invention, the well log data comprises one or any combination of a sonic curve, a density curve and a gamma curve.
In the device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the influence of structural change on the sealing performance is considered, the fracture surface distribution data, the fault distance information and the horizon data of the fault are considered, the well logging data of the region where the fault is located are also considered, the lithology data volume of the fault is obtained through the data, the juxtaposition relation of the upper and lower laccolite layers on the stratums at two sides of the fault can be accurately obtained through the three-dimensional geological model under the fine structural constraint, particularly the horizon fault cross-connection relation under the fine constraint of a small layer, the changed geological evaluation model volume which can reflect the real geological condition is formed, the lithology projection under the gridding and structural constraint is utilized to quantitatively calculate the fault sealing performance coefficient R of each grid point, the sealing performance of the fault is determined according to the certain value of the fault sealing performance coefficients R of a plurality of grid points of the fault, the qualitative estimation is not dependent on the empirical value.
Based on the same application concept as the fault closure analysis method under the structural constraint, the invention also provides the fault closure analysis device under the structural constraint. Because the principle of solving the problems of the fault closure analysis device under the structural constraint is similar to that of the fault closure analysis method under the structural constraint, the implementation of the fault closure analysis device under the structural constraint can refer to the implementation of the fault closure analysis method under the structural constraint, and repeated parts are not repeated.
The invention considers the influence of the structure change on the precision and the closure of the geological model, and utilizes the structure modeling technology under the constraint of a small layer to build and analyze the three-dimensional geological model, thereby solving the technical problems that the existing fault closure determination technology can only carry out two-dimensional analysis and has low accuracy and scientificity for determining the fault closure, and achieving the effect of determining the fault closure with higher precision.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, the following steps are implemented:
interpreting seismic data of a target fault research area, and determining fault and position information;
modeling under construction constraint according to the fault and layer information, and determining a fault and stratum model;
performing grid division on the cross section of the fault, analyzing the intersection line of the fault and the stratum under the structural constraint, and determining the stratum intersection relation on two sides of the fault;
projecting the logging data according to the structural constraint and the cross-over relation, and determining the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section;
and determining the fault closure according to the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section, and exploring and developing the fault block hydrocarbon reservoir by using the closure.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the following steps:
interpreting seismic data of a target fault research area, and determining fault and position information;
modeling under construction constraint according to the fault and layer information, and determining a fault and stratum model;
performing grid division on the cross section of the fault, analyzing the intersection line of the fault and the stratum under the structural constraint, and determining the stratum intersection relation on two sides of the fault;
projecting the logging data according to the structural constraint and the cross-over relation, and determining the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section;
and determining the fault closure according to the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section, and exploring and developing the fault block hydrocarbon reservoir by using the closure.
The invention also provides the computer equipment and the computer readable storage medium based on the same application concept as the fault closure analysis method under the structural constraint. Because the principle of solving the problems of the computer equipment and the computer-readable storage medium is similar to that of the fault closure analysis method under the structural constraint, the implementation of the computer equipment and the computer-readable storage medium can refer to the implementation of the fault closure analysis method under the structural constraint, and repeated parts are not repeated.
The invention considers the influence of the structure change on the precision and the closure of the geological model, and utilizes the structure modeling technology under the constraint of a small layer to build and analyze the three-dimensional geological model, thereby solving the technical problems that the existing fault closure determination technology can only carry out two-dimensional analysis and has low accuracy and scientificity for determining the fault closure, and achieving the effect of determining the fault closure with higher precision.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims (16)

1. A method for fault seal analysis under structural constraints, the method comprising:
interpreting seismic data of a target fault research area, and determining fault and position information;
modeling under construction constraint according to the fault and layer information, and determining a fault and stratum model;
performing grid division on the cross section of the fault, analyzing the intersection line of the fault and the stratum under the structural constraint, and determining the stratum intersection relation on two sides of the fault;
projecting the logging data according to the structural constraint and the cross-over relation, and determining the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section;
and determining the fault closure according to the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section, and exploring and developing the fault block hydrocarbon reservoir by using the closure.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein interpreting seismic data of a target fault study area, determining fault and horizon information comprises: and interpreting the three-dimensional seismic data volume of the target fault research area to obtain the section spread data, the fault distance information and the horizon data of the fault.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the meshing of the fault sections, analyzing fault-to-formation intersection lines under formation constraints, and determining a formation intersection relationship between the fault sections comprises:
carrying out grid division on the cross section of the fault, carrying out constraint according to the structural change trend, projecting the stratum to the cross section of the fault along the stratum change, and intersecting the cross section to form a stratum and fault intersection line;
and determining the connection relation of the stratums at two sides of the fault according to the formed intersecting line of the stratums and the fault.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein projecting the well log data according to the formation constraints and the cross-over relationships and determining the closure factor values for a plurality of grid points of the fault section comprises:
projecting the logging data according to the structural constraint and the cross-over relation, loading the logging data into a plurality of grid points of the fracture surface of the fault, and determining the shale content of each grid point of the fracture surface;
determining the fault distance value of each grid point of the section according to the fault distance information of the fault;
and calculating the closure coefficient value of each grid point of the section according to the mud content and the fault distance value of each grid point of the section.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining fault seal based on seal coefficient values for a plurality of grid points of a fault section comprises:
determining a threshold value of a sealing coefficient of the fault research area according to geological data of the fault research area;
the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section are compared with the threshold value of the closure coefficient of the fault research area, and the closure of the fault is determined according to the comparison result.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein comparing the values of the seal coefficients of the plurality of grid points of the fault section with threshold values of the seal coefficients of the fault study area, and wherein determining the seal of the fault from the comparison comprises: if the closure coefficient value of a grid point is not larger than the threshold value of the closure coefficient, closing the grid point; otherwise, the grid point is not closed.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein exploratory development of a fault block reservoir using the seal comprises: and when the preset number of grid points of the fault section are closed, drilling the fault block trap under fault control.
8. An apparatus for structural-constrained fault seal analysis, the apparatus comprising:
the data interpretation module is used for interpreting seismic data of a target fault research area and determining fault and position information;
the modeling module is used for modeling under the structural constraint according to the fault and layer information and determining a fault and stratum model;
the network division module is used for carrying out grid division on the cross section of the fault, analyzing the intersecting line of the fault and the stratum under the structural constraint and determining the stratum intersecting relation at two sides of the fault;
the coefficient determining module is used for projecting the logging data according to the structural constraint and the cross-over relation and determining the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section;
and the sealing determination module is used for determining the sealing of the fault according to the sealing coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section and exploring and developing the fault block hydrocarbon reservoir by utilizing the sealing.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the data interpretation module comprises: and the data interpretation unit is used for interpreting the three-dimensional seismic data volume of the target fault research area to obtain the section spread data, the fault distance information and the horizon data of the fault.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the network partitioning module comprises:
the intersection line determining unit is used for carrying out grid division on the cross section of the fault, carrying out constraint according to the structure change trend, projecting the stratum to the cross section of the fault along the stratum change and intersecting the cross section to form a stratum and fault intersection line;
and the cross-connection relation unit is used for determining the cross-connection relation of the stratums at two sides of the fault according to the formed stratum and the fault cross line.
11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the coefficient determination module comprises:
the mud content determining unit is used for projecting the logging data according to the structural constraint and the handover relation, loading the logging data into a plurality of grid points of the fracture surface of the fault, and determining the mud content of each grid point of the fracture surface;
the fault-section value unit is used for determining the fault-section value of each grid point of the fault section according to the fault-section information of the fault section;
and the coefficient determining unit is used for calculating the sealing coefficient value of each grid point of the section according to the mud content and the distance value of each grid point of the section.
12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the seal determination module comprises:
a threshold determination unit for determining a threshold of a sealing coefficient of the fault study area according to geological data of the fault study area;
and the closure determining unit is used for comparing the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the cross section of the fault with the threshold value of the closure coefficient of the fault research area, and determining the closure of the fault according to the comparison result.
13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the closure determination unit comprises: the judging subunit is used for judging that a grid point is closed if the sealing coefficient value of the grid point is not larger than the threshold value of the sealing coefficient; otherwise, the grid point is not closed.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the seal determination module further comprises: and the well drilling control unit is used for drilling the fault block trap under fault control when the preset number of grid points of the fault section are closed.
15. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the computer program implements the steps of:
interpreting seismic data of a target fault research area, and determining fault and position information;
modeling under construction constraint according to the fault and layer information, and determining a fault and stratum model;
performing grid division on the cross section of the fault, analyzing the intersection line of the fault and the stratum under the structural constraint, and determining the stratum intersection relation on two sides of the fault;
projecting the logging data according to the structural constraint and the cross-over relation, and determining the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section;
and determining the fault closure according to the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section, and exploring and developing the fault block hydrocarbon reservoir by using the closure.
16. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of:
interpreting seismic data of a target fault research area, and determining fault and position information;
modeling under construction constraint according to the fault and layer information, and determining a fault and stratum model;
performing grid division on the cross section of the fault, analyzing the intersection line of the fault and the stratum under the structural constraint, and determining the stratum intersection relation on two sides of the fault;
projecting the logging data according to the structural constraint and the cross-over relation, and determining the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section;
and determining the fault closure according to the closure coefficient values of a plurality of grid points of the fault section, and exploring and developing the fault block hydrocarbon reservoir by using the closure.
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