CN113029826A - Method for determining fracture performance of metal material by using pre-notched small punch test sample - Google Patents
Method for determining fracture performance of metal material by using pre-notched small punch test sample Download PDFInfo
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- CN113029826A CN113029826A CN202110299658.7A CN202110299658A CN113029826A CN 113029826 A CN113029826 A CN 113029826A CN 202110299658 A CN202110299658 A CN 202110299658A CN 113029826 A CN113029826 A CN 113029826A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019580 granularity Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013028 emission testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/2202—Preparing specimens therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/225—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material using electron or ion
- G01N23/2251—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material using electron or ion using incident electron beams, e.g. scanning electron microscopy [SEM]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/001—Impulsive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for determining the fracture performance of a metal material by using a pre-notched small punch test sample, which comprises the following steps of; step S1, preparing a plurality of disc-shaped test samples for fracture test by using the metal material to be tested, and polishing the surfaces of the test samples; step S2, processing a prefabricated notch on the sample, wherein the prefabricated notch extends from the edge of the sample to the center of the sample; the length of the prefabricated gap of each sample is different; step S3, horizontally placing the sample in a clamp of a small punch testing machine, applying pressure to the upper surface of the sample by a punch which is pressed down at a constant speed in the test to obtain a load-displacement curve of the sample when the notch is prefabricated at different lengths, and shooting the lower surface of the sample by a camera below the sample to obtain the specific time and crack propagation process of the notch in the sample for fracture initiation; the invention can evaluate the fracture performance of the material with high precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical property detection, in particular to a method for determining the fracture property of a metal material by using a pre-notched small punch test sample.
Background
The mechanical property detection of the equipment at the present stage mainly comprises nondestructive detection and destructive sampling detection. Nondestructive testing mainly comprises magnetic powder testing, ultrasonic testing, acoustic emission testing and the like, the nondestructive testing can only judge whether the material has damage inside and the size of the damage, the mechanical property of the material cannot be quantitatively evaluated, and destructive sampling testing can achieve the point, so that the nondestructive testing has mature engineering application. However, the traditional method for researching the mechanical property of the material by destructive sampling has the defects that the equipment is damaged due to the overlarge sample, and the mechanical property evaluation of some micro areas (such as welding seams) is limited. For the above reasons and the development of micro-sample testing techniques, researchers developed a micro-sample technique and a test analysis method. The small punch testing technology is generally accepted as a micro-sample technology, is quickly applied to material creep property research, the diameter of a sample required by a small punch creep test is 10mm in common use, the thickness of the sample is 0.5mm, and compared with a traditional sample, the small punch creep test method has the advantages of nondestructive testing and also has the advantages of destroying sampling and detecting. The small punch test can be considered as a nearly nondestructive test.
At present, the small punch test uses a small punch sample without a notch to obtain the elastic modulus, tensile strength, creep property and material toughness of the elastic-plastic material through a punching test. In recent years, it has been proposed to obtain the fracture properties of materials using a conventional small punch, a stamping test, by means of an empirical formula estimating the fracture initiation parameter based on a measurement of the maximum thickness deformation that the test specimen undergoes at the moment of fracture. In contrast to this method, there is a large error in evaluating the fracture properties of the material due to the absence of cracks or crack-like indentations. Therefore, a method for determining high accuracy of material fracture performance by using a small punch stamping test is needed to solve the problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for determining the fracture performance of a metal material by using a pre-notched small punch test sample, which can evaluate the fracture performance of the material with high precision.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A method for determining the fracture performance of a metal material by using a pre-notched small punch test sample comprises the following steps;
step S1, preparing a plurality of disc-shaped test samples for fracture test by using the metal material to be tested, and polishing the surfaces of the test samples;
step S2, processing a prefabricated notch on the sample, wherein the prefabricated notch extends from the edge of the sample to the center of the sample; the length of the prefabricated gap of each sample is different;
and step S3, horizontally placing the sample in a clamp of a small punch testing machine, applying pressure to the upper surface of the sample by using a punch which is pressed down at a constant speed in the test to obtain a load-displacement curve of the sample when the notch is prefabricated at different lengths, and shooting the lower surface of the sample by using a camera below the sample to obtain the specific time and crack propagation process of the notch in the sample.
And step S4, determining the best length of the preformed notch for the test according to the load-displacement curve of the sample when the notch is preformed in different lengths, selecting or preparing a corresponding sample according to the length of the notch to repeat the test, measuring the crack initiation moment and the tip displacement of the preformed notch through the shooting image of the camera, and estimating the fracture mechanics parameters of the metal material used by the sample.
The specific method for measuring the tip displacement of the prefabricated notch is to interrupt the test when the test load of the sample is close to the maximum bearing capacity of the sample, and to measure the crack length by using a scanning electron microscope.
In step S1, the sample is prepared by: 6 disc samples with the diameter of 10mm, the diameter tolerance of 0.1mm and the initial thickness of 1mm are cut by a wire cutting machine, the upper surface and the lower surface of each sample are manually ground on sandpaper with different granularities of 400#, 800#, 1000#, 1200#, 1500# and 2000# respectively, the thickness of the ground sample reaches 0.5mm, the thickness tolerance of 0.005, diamond with the granularity of W2.5 is used for manual polishing, and the ground sample is polished to the mirror surface level.
In step S2, the preparation method of the preformed notch includes: processing a prefabricated gap from the edge to the central point on a plurality of samples respectively; the lengths of the prefabricated notches are respectively 4.0mm, 4.5mm, 4.75mm, 5mm, 5.25mm and 5.5mm, the center of a disc of the sample is a stamping center, the distances from the tail ends of the prefabricated notches in the samples to the stamping center are respectively 1mm, 0.5mm, 0.25mm, 0mm, -0.25mm and-0.5 mm, and the width of the notches is 0.25 mm;
the test was carried out in a room temperature environment with the punch of the punch pressed vertically at a rate of 0.01 m/s.
The clamp comprises an upper pressing die for fixing the upper surface of the sample and a lower pressing die for fixing the lower surface of the sample; the lower end of the punch rod is provided with a pressing ball.
The camera is a high-speed high-definition endoscopic camera fixed at the lower part of the clamp, and is connected with the data recording device through a cable so as to directly observe the cracking process of the prefabricated gap in the test process.
The specific time for the specimen preformed notch to generate the fracture crack in the step S3 is considered as the time for the specimen with the original crack to crack at the original crack after being pressed.
The processing method of the prefabricated gap of the sample comprises an electric spark cutting method or a transverse laser-induced microcrack length method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts the technology of a micro punch testing machine, quantitatively evaluates the fracture performance of the material and is a nondestructive testing method.
(2) Compared with the method for estimating the fracture performance of the metal material based on the measurement of the maximum thickness deformation of the sample at the fracture moment, the method for determining the fracture performance of the metal material by using the pre-notched small punch test sample has higher precision.
The invention adopts the sample with the prefabricated notch to carry out the test, can simulate the workpiece with cracks to carry out the test, and can provide better test reference data.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a disk-shaped test piece of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the present invention when tested on a test sample;
in the figure: 1-small punch testing machine; 2-a data recording device; 3-pressing the ball; 4-sample; 5, pressing the die; 6-punching rod; 7-pressing the die; 8-a camera;
100-preparing a notch.
Detailed Description
As shown in the figure, a method for determining the fracture performance of a metal material by using a pre-notched small punch test sample comprises the following steps;
step S1, preparing a plurality of disc-shaped test samples for fracture test by using the metal material to be tested, and polishing the surface of the test sample 4;
step S2, processing a prefabricated notch on the sample, wherein the prefabricated notch extends from the edge of the sample to the center of the sample; the length of the prefabricated gap of each sample is different;
and step S3, horizontally placing the sample in a clamp of a small punch testing machine 1, pressing the upper surface of the sample by a punch 6 pressed at a constant speed in the test to obtain a load-displacement curve of the sample when the sample is provided with the preformed notches of different lengths, and shooting the lower surface of the sample by a camera 8 below the sample to obtain the specific time and crack propagation process of the preformed notch of the sample for generating the fracture crack.
And step S4, determining the best length of the preformed notch for the test according to the load-displacement curve of the sample when the notch is preformed in different lengths, selecting or preparing a corresponding sample according to the length of the notch to repeat the test, measuring the crack initiation moment and the tip displacement of the preformed notch through the shooting image of the camera, and estimating the fracture mechanics parameters of the metal material used by the sample.
The specific method for measuring the tip displacement of the prefabricated notch is to interrupt the test when the test load of the sample is close to the maximum bearing capacity of the sample, and to measure the crack length by using a scanning electron microscope.
In step S1, the sample is prepared by: 6 disc samples with the diameter of 10mm, the diameter tolerance of 0.1mm and the initial thickness of 1mm are cut by a wire cutting machine, the upper surface and the lower surface of each sample are manually ground on sandpaper with different granularities of 400#, 800#, 1000#, 1200#, 1500# and 2000# respectively, the thickness of the ground sample reaches 0.5mm, the thickness tolerance of 0.005, diamond with the granularity of W2.5 is used for manual polishing, and the ground sample is polished to the mirror surface level.
In step S2, the preparation method of the preformed notch includes: processing a prefabricated gap from the edge to the central point on a plurality of samples respectively; the lengths of the prefabricated notches are respectively 4.0mm, 4.5mm, 4.75mm, 5mm, 5.25mm and 5.5mm, the center of a disc of the sample is a stamping center, the distances from the tail ends of the prefabricated notches in the samples to the stamping center are respectively 1mm, 0.5mm, 0.25mm, 0mm, -0.25mm and-0.5 mm, and the width of the notches is 0.25 mm;
the test was carried out in a room temperature environment with the punch of the punch pressed vertically at a rate of 0.01 m/s.
The clamp comprises an upper pressing die 7 for fixing the upper surface of the sample and a lower pressing die 5 for fixing the lower surface of the sample; the lower end of the punch rod is provided with a pressing ball 3.
The camera is a high-speed high-definition endoscopic camera fixed at the lower part of the clamp, and is connected with the data recording device 2 through a cable so as to directly observe the cracking process of the prefabricated gap in the test process.
The specific time for the specimen preformed notch to generate the fracture crack in the step S3 is considered as the time for the specimen with the original crack to crack at the original crack after being pressed.
The processing method of the prefabricated gap of the sample comprises an electric spark cutting method or a transverse laser-induced microcrack length method.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for determining the fracture performance of a metal material by using a pre-notched small punch sample is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps;
step S1, preparing a plurality of disc-shaped test samples for fracture test by using the metal material to be tested, and polishing the surfaces of the test samples;
step S2, processing a prefabricated notch on the sample, wherein the prefabricated notch extends from the edge of the sample to the center of the sample; the length of the prefabricated gap of each sample is different;
and step S3, horizontally placing the sample in a clamp of a small punch testing machine, applying pressure to the upper surface of the sample by using a punch which is pressed down at a constant speed in the test to obtain a load-displacement curve of the sample when the notch is prefabricated at different lengths, and shooting the lower surface of the sample by using a camera below the sample to obtain the specific time and crack propagation process of the notch in the sample.
2. The method for determining the fracture property of the metal material by using the pre-notched small punch test specimen as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and step S4, determining the best length of the preformed notch for the test according to the load-displacement curve of the sample when the notch is preformed in different lengths, selecting or preparing a corresponding sample according to the length of the notch to repeat the test, measuring the crack initiation moment and the tip displacement of the preformed notch through the shooting image of the camera, and estimating the fracture mechanics parameters of the metal material used by the sample.
3. The method for determining the fracture property of the metal material by using the pre-notched small punch test specimen as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the specific method for measuring the tip displacement of the prefabricated notch is to interrupt the test when the test load of the sample is close to the maximum bearing capacity of the sample, and to measure the crack length by using a scanning electron microscope.
4. The method for determining the fracture property of the metal material by using the pre-notched small punch test specimen as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the sample is prepared by: 6 disc samples with the diameter of 10mm, the diameter tolerance of 0.1mm and the initial thickness of 1mm are cut by a wire cutting machine, the upper surface and the lower surface of each sample are manually ground on sandpaper with different granularities of 400#, 800#, 1000#, 1200#, 1500# and 2000# respectively, the thickness of the ground sample reaches 0.5mm, the thickness tolerance of 0.005, diamond with the granularity of W2.5 is used for manual polishing, and the ground sample is polished to the mirror surface level.
5. The method for determining the fracture property of the metal material by using the pre-notched small punch test specimen as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in step S2, the preparation method of the preformed notch includes: processing a prefabricated gap from the edge to the central point on a plurality of samples respectively; the lengths of the prefabricated notches are respectively 4.0mm, 4.5mm, 4.75mm, 5mm, 5.25mm and 5.5mm, the center of a disc of the sample is a stamping center, the distances from the tail ends of the prefabricated notches in the samples to the stamping center are respectively 1mm, 0.5mm, 0.25mm, 0mm, -0.25mm and-0.5 mm, and the width of the notches is 0.25 mm;
the test was carried out in a room temperature environment with the punch of the punch pressed vertically at a rate of 0.01 m/s.
6. The method for determining the fracture property of the metal material by using the pre-notched small punch test specimen as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the clamp comprises an upper pressing die for fixing the upper surface of the sample and a lower pressing die for fixing the lower surface of the sample; the lower end of the punch rod is provided with a pressing ball.
7. The method for determining the fracture property of the metal material by using the pre-notched small punch test specimen as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the camera is a high-speed high-definition endoscopic camera fixed at the lower part of the clamp, and is connected with the data recording device through a cable so as to directly observe the cracking process of the prefabricated gap in the test process.
8. The method for determining the fracture property of the metal material by using the pre-notched small punch test specimen as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific time for the specimen preformed notch to generate the fracture crack in the step S3 is considered as the time for the specimen with the original crack to crack at the original crack after being pressed.
9. The method for determining the fracture property of the metal material by using the pre-notched small punch test specimen as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the processing method of the prefabricated gap of the sample comprises an electric spark cutting method or a transverse laser-induced microcrack length method.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114166651A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-11 | 北京科技大学 | In-service pressure-bearing equipment micro-sample high-temperature water stress corrosion test device and method |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114166651A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-11 | 北京科技大学 | In-service pressure-bearing equipment micro-sample high-temperature water stress corrosion test device and method |
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