CN113025301B - Fracturing fluid and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a fracturing fluid and a preparation method and application thereof. The fracturing fluid comprises: the composition comprises carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum, a cross-linking agent, a discharge aiding agent, a clay stabilizer, a bactericide, a defoaming agent, a pH value regulator, a temperature stabilizer and the balance of water, wherein the cross-linking agent is a nano rod-shaped cross-linking agent and is prepared by grafting boric acid ester and titanate onto nano rod-shaped alumina, and the discharge aiding agent comprises a microemulsion discharge aiding agent. The invention also provides a preparation method of the fracturing fluid. The invention also provides application of the fracturing fluid in fracturing of a tight sandstone reservoir at a well temperature of not higher than 140 ℃. The fracturing fluid provided by the invention greatly reduces the consumption of the guanidine gum while ensuring the requirement of site construction, reduces the investment cost and the damage to a reservoir, and has the advantages of stronger temperature resistance, simple preparation process, low cost of raw materials and wide source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fracturing fluid, in particular to a fracturing fluid and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Along with the later development period of each oil field, low-grade oil reservoirs such as low permeability and compactness gradually become the main body of yield successors of oil field companies, the low-grade oil reservoirs can be effectively developed mainly by means of fracturing measures, but the permeability of the reservoir holes is extremely poor, the requirements on fracturing fluid are extremely high, and the performance of the fracturing fluid directly determines the transformation effect of a target well. Currently, the guanidine gum fracturing fluid still occupies the dominant position in the market for a long time, but the use amount of the guanidine gum with high concentration not only is easy to damage a reservoir layer, but also causes the unit cost of the fracturing fluid to be high. Therefore, the low concentration of the guanidine gum in the fracturing fluid is an inevitable trend in the development of the fracturing industry.
In the construction process, whether the guanidine gum macromolecular chains in the guanidine gum fracturing fluid can form stable jelly with a network structure under the action of a cross-linking agent or not determines the suspended sand and the crack-making performance of the fracturing fluid and the success or failure of the whole fracturing measure. The cross-linking agent has strong cross-linking capability, is beneficial to the fracturing fluid gel to obtain higher strength, viscoelasticity and sand suspension property, and can reduce the concentration of the guanidine gum and reduce the fracturing cost.
Therefore, in order to reduce the concentration of the guar gum in the guar gum fracturing fluid while ensuring the requirement of a construction site, a fracturing fluid which is more efficient and has less dosage of the guar gum is developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a fracturing fluid and a preparation method and application thereof. The fracturing fluid greatly reduces the consumption of guanidine gum by adding the nano rod-shaped cross-linking agent, and simultaneously improves the temperature resistance of the fracturing fluid.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fracturing fluid, comprising, based on 100% of the total mass of the fracturing fluid: 1 to 2 thousandths of carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum, 1.2 to 2 thousandths of cross linker, 2 to 3 thousandths of discharge assistant, 5 to 10 thousandths of clay stabilizer, 0.25 to 0.5 thousandths of bactericide, 0.25 to 0.5 thousandths of defoamer, 0.6 to 0.9 thousandths of pH value regulator, 0.4 to 0.7 thousandths of temperature stabilizer and the balance of water,
the cross-linking agent is a nano-rod-shaped cross-linking agent, and the nano-rod-shaped cross-linking agent is prepared by grafting boric acid ester and titanate onto nano-rod-shaped aluminum oxide.
In the fracturing fluid, the nanorod-shaped cross-linking agent can effectively reduce the using amount of the guanidine gum in the fracturing fluid. Based on the scale effect mechanism of the crosslinking reaction, compared with the spherical granular nano crosslinking agent, the hydration volumes of the rodlike nano crosslinking agent molecules and the guanidine gum molecules in the aqueous solution are closer, so that more intermolecular crosslinking reactions can be generated during crosslinking, the crosslinking efficiency is improved, and the use concentration of the guanidine gum is reduced.
In the fracturing fluid, preferably, the preparation method of the nanorod-shaped cross-linking agent comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding nano rod-shaped alumina into a dispersing agent to obtain a uniformly dispersed system;
step 2, adding a silane coupling agent into the system obtained in the step 1 for reaction, and then filtering and washing to obtain an intermediate product;
step 3, adding the intermediate product obtained in the step 2 into a mixture of borate and titanate for reaction, then filtering and drying to obtain the nanorod-shaped cross-linking agent,
wherein, by taking the total mass of the raw materials as 100%, the mass ratio of each raw material is respectively as follows: 10-25% of nano rod-shaped alumina, 60-75% of dispersing agent, 2-4% of silane coupling agent, 5-8% of borate and 5-8% of titanate.
In the fracturing fluid, the length of the nano-rod-shaped alumina is 50-100nm, and the diameter of the nano-rod-shaped alumina is 20-40nm.
In the fracturing fluid, the dispersant preferably comprises one or a combination of more than two of ethylene glycol, acetone, cyclohexane and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid.
In the fracturing fluid, the silane coupling agent preferably comprises one of gamma-propylaminotriethoxysilane (KH 550), gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH 560) and gamma- (methacryloyloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane (KH 570).
In the fracturing fluid, the boric acid ester preferably comprises one of tributyl borate and trioctyl borate.
In the fracturing fluid, the titanate preferably comprises one of tetrabutyl titanate and tetraisopropyl titanate.
In the fracturing fluid, preferably, in the step 2, the reaction temperature is 80-120 ℃, and the reaction time is 4-8h. In a specific embodiment, the reaction can be carried out while stirring, so that reactants are uniformly contacted, and the reaction is more sufficient.
In the fracturing fluid, preferably, in the step 3, the reaction temperature is 80-120 ℃, and the reaction time is 4-8h. In a specific embodiment, the reaction can be carried out while stirring, so that reactants are uniformly contacted, and the reaction is more sufficient.
In the fracturing fluid, preferably, in the step 3, the drying temperature is 80-120 ℃, and the drying time is 3-5h.
In the above fracturing fluid, preferably, the cleanup additive comprises a microemulsion cleanup additive. More preferably, the microemulsion cleanup additive is prepared by mixing 8-13% of isopropyl alcohol, 3-8% of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, 28-35% of cocamidopropyl betaine, and 20-30% of alkylphenol ethoxylate, and the balance of water, based on 100% of the total mass of the microemulsion cleanup additive.
In the fracturing fluid, the microemulsion cleanup additive can solve the problem of liquid retention in a tight sandstone reservoir. Due to the competitive adsorption of the oil phase and the surfactant on the surface of the rock, the microemulsion cleanup additive can increase the contact angle between the liquid and the rock, keep the surface tension value of the liquid lower, reduce the capillary force of liquid flowback and increase the flowback efficiency of the liquid.
In the fracturing fluid, the clay stabilizer preferably comprises one or a combination of more than two of potassium chloride, ammonium chloride and trimethyl allyl ammonium chloride.
In the above fracturing fluid, preferably, the bactericide includes formaldehyde and/or acrolein.
In the fracturing fluid, the defoamer preferably comprises one or more of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene amine ether and polyoxypropylene glycerol ether.
In the fracturing fluid, preferably, the pH value regulator is a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide, and the mass ratio of the sodium bicarbonate to the sodium hydroxide is (3-6): 1.
In the above fracturing fluid, preferably, the temperature stabilizer includes sodium thiosulfate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the fracturing fluid, which comprises the following steps:
dissolving a bactericide, a defoaming agent and a cleanup additive in water to obtain a solution A; dissolving carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum and a clay stabilizer in water to obtain a solution B;
step two, adding the solution A in the step one into the solution B, and stirring to obtain a mixed solution C;
and step three, adding a pH value regulator and a temperature stabilizer into the mixed solution C obtained in the step two, stirring, adding an aqueous solution of a cross-linking agent, and continuously stirring to obtain the fracturing fluid.
In the above production method, preferably, in the second step, the solution A is added to the solution B at a rate of 2 to 5ml/s.
In the above preparation method, preferably, in the third step, the rate of adding the crosslinking agent solution is 2 to 5ml/s.
The invention also provides application of the fracturing fluid in fracturing of a tight sandstone reservoir at a well temperature of not higher than 140 ℃. When the fracturing fluid is applied to fracturing operation of a tight sandstone reservoir, the operation can be carried out according to a conventional mode.
The beneficial effects provided by the invention comprise:
1. when the fracturing fluid provided by the invention is applied to reservoir fracturing, the requirement of site construction is ensured, and simultaneously, the consumption of guar gum can be greatly reduced, the investment cost is reduced, and the damage to the reservoir is reduced.
2. The fracturing fluid provided by the invention has stronger temperature resistance, and can be applied to reservoirs with well temperature not higher than 140 ℃.
3. The fracturing fluid provided by the invention is not easy to decay, has a simple preparation process, wide raw material sources and low price, and has a wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the fracturing fluid prepared in example 1 at 140 deg.C for 170s -1 Temperature resistance and shear resistance characteristic curve.
FIG. 2 shows the fracturing fluid prepared in example 2 at 140 deg.C for 170s -1 Temperature resistance and shear resistance characteristic curve.
Detailed Description
The technical features, objects and advantages of the present invention will be clearly understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fracturing fluid, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1. weighing 18% of nano rod-shaped alumina (with the length of 50-100nm and the diameter of 20-40 nm), 70% of cyclohexane, 2% of gamma-propylaminotriethoxysilane (KH 550), 5% of tributyl borate and 5% of tetrabutyl titanate by taking the total mass of the cross-linking agent as 100%;
adding the weighed nano rod-shaped alumina into cyclohexane, ultrasonically shaking for 20min at normal temperature, adding gamma-propylamine triethoxysilane (KH 550), stirring and reacting for 5h at 100 ℃, filtering and washing to obtain an intermediate product;
and adding the intermediate product into a mixture of borate and titanate, stirring and reacting for 7h at 100 ℃, filtering, and drying for 5h at 100 ℃ to obtain the cross-linking agent.
2. Based on the total mass of the microemulsion cleanup additive being 100%, 10% of isopropanol, 6% of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, 32% of cocamidopropyl betaine, 24% of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene and the balance of water are fully mixed to obtain the microemulsion cleanup additive.
3. By taking the total mass of the fracturing fluid as 100 percent, 1.6 thousandths of carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum, 1.3 thousandths of a cross-linking agent prepared in the step 1 and 2.5 thousandths of a microemulsion discharge aid prepared in the step 2, 9 thousandths of potassium chloride, 0.3 thousandths of formaldehyde, 0.3 thousandths of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, 0.6 thousandths of sodium bicarbonate, 0.15 thousandths of sodium hydroxide, 0.5 thousandths of sodium thiosulfate and the balance of water are weighed.
4. Uniformly mixing and stirring weighed formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, a microemulsion cleanup additive and 35% of water (based on 100% of the total mass of the water weighed in the step 3), slowly adding the mixture into a mixed solution containing carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum, potassium chloride and 50% of water (based on 100% of the total mass of the water weighed in the step 3), and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed system;
5. and (3) adding the weighed mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide into the mixed system obtained in the step (4), adding sodium thiosulfate, stirring uniformly, slowly adding a mixed solution of a cross-linking agent and 15% of water (based on the total mass of the water weighed in the step (3) being 100%), and continuously stirring to obtain the fracturing fluid.
The temperature resistance and shear resistance of the fracturing fluid prepared in this example were tested. FIG. 1 shows the guanidine gum fracturing fluid at 140 deg.C for 170s -1 Temperature resistance and shear resistance characteristic curve. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the viscosity of the fracturing fluid prepared in the embodiment is still maintained above 95mPa.S at 140 ℃, and meets the requirement that the viscosity of water-based fracturing fluid jelly is not less than 50mPa.s by the standard SY/T6376-2008, which shows that the guanidine gum fracturing fluid has good shear resistance and completely meets the requirement of a fracturing construction site.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a fracturing fluid, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1. weighing 16% of nanorod alumina (with a length of 50-100nm and a diameter of 20-40 nm), 68% of ethylene glycol, 2.5% of gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH 560), 7.5% of trioctyl borate, and 6% of tetraisopropyl titanate, based on 100% of the total mass of the crosslinking agent;
adding the weighed nano rod-shaped alumina into ethylene glycol, ultrasonically shaking for 30min at normal temperature, adding gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH 560), stirring and reacting for 4h at 120 ℃, filtering and washing to obtain an intermediate product;
and adding the intermediate product into a mixture of borate and titanate, stirring and reacting for 8h at 90 ℃, filtering, and drying for 3h at 120 ℃ to obtain the cross-linking agent.
2. Based on the total mass of the microemulsion cleanup additive being 100%, 12% of isopropanol, 4% of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, 30% of cocamidopropyl betaine, 27% of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and the balance of water are fully mixed to obtain the microemulsion cleanup additive.
3. By taking the total mass of the fracturing fluid as 100 percent, 1.7 thousandths of carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum, 1.5 thousandths of a cross-linking agent prepared in the step 1, 2.2 thousandths of a microemulsion cleanup additive prepared in the step 2, 7 thousandths of ammonium chloride, 0.35 thousandths of acrolein, 0.35 thousandths of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ethanolamine ether, 0.6 thousandths of sodium bicarbonate, 0.2 thousandths of sodium hydroxide, 0.6 thousandths of sodium thiosulfate and the balance of water are weighed.
4. Mixing and stirring weighed acrolein, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, microemulsion cleanup additive and 40% of water (the total mass of the water weighed in the step 3 is 100%), then slowly adding the mixture into a mixed solution of carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum, ammonium chloride and 40% of water (the total mass of the water weighed in the step 3 is 100%), and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixed system;
5. and (3) adding the weighed mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide into the mixed system obtained in the step (4), adding sodium thiosulfate, stirring uniformly, slowly adding a mixed solution of a cross-linking agent and 20% of water (based on the total mass of the water weighed in the step (3) being 100%), and continuously stirring to obtain the fracturing fluid.
The temperature resistance and shear resistance of the fracturing fluid prepared in this example were tested. FIG. 2 shows the fracturing fluid at 140 deg.C for 170s -1 Temperature resistance and shear resistance characteristic curve. As can be seen from figure 2, the viscosity of the fracturing fluid prepared in the embodiment is still kept above 90mPa.S at 140 ℃, and the requirement of standard SY/T6376-2008 on the viscosity of water-based fracturing fluid jelly being not less than 50mPa.s is met, which shows that the fracturing fluid has good shearing resistance and completely meets the requirement of a fracturing construction site.
Claims (12)
1. A fracturing fluid, wherein the fracturing fluid comprises the following components in percentage by mass based on 100% of the total mass of the fracturing fluid: 1-1.7 per mill of carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum, 1.2-2 per mill of cross-linking agent, 2-3 per mill of discharge assistant, 5-10 per mill of clay stabilizer, 0.25-0.5 per mill of bactericide, 0.25-0.5 per mill of defoaming agent, 0.6-0.9 per mill of pH value regulator, 0.4-0.7 per mill of temperature stabilizer and the balance of water;
the cross-linking agent is a nano-rod-shaped cross-linking agent which is prepared by grafting boric acid ester and titanate onto nano-rod-shaped alumina;
the preparation method of the nanorod-shaped cross-linking agent comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding nano rod-shaped alumina into a dispersing agent to obtain a uniformly dispersed system;
step 2, adding a silane coupling agent into the system obtained in the step 1 for reaction, and then filtering and washing to obtain an intermediate product;
step 3, adding the intermediate product obtained in the step 2 into a mixture of borate and titanate for reaction, and then filtering and drying to obtain the nanorod-shaped cross-linking agent;
wherein the mass ratio of each raw material is respectively as follows by taking the total mass of the raw materials as 100 percent: 10-25% of nano rod-shaped alumina, 60-75% of dispersant, 2-4% of silane coupling agent, 5-8% of borate and 5-8% of titanate;
the length of the nano rod-shaped alumina is 50-100nm, and the diameter of the nano rod-shaped alumina is 20-40nm;
the boric acid ester comprises one of tributyl borate and trioctyl borate;
the titanate comprises one of tetrabutyl titanate and tetraisopropyl titanate.
2. The fracturing fluid of claim 1, wherein in the preparation method of the nanorod cross-linking agent, the dispersing agent comprises one or more of ethylene glycol, acetone, cyclohexane and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid;
the silane coupling agent comprises one of gamma-propylamino triethoxysilane, gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and gamma- (methacryloyloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane.
3. The fracturing fluid of claim 1 or 2, wherein in the preparation method of the nanorod-shaped cross-linking agent, in the step 2, the reaction temperature is 80-120 ℃, and the reaction time is 4-8h;
in the step 3, the reaction temperature is 80-120 ℃, and the reaction time is 4-8h.
4. The fracturing fluid of claim 1, wherein the cleanup additive comprises a microemulsion cleanup additive.
5. The fracturing fluid of claim 4, wherein the microemulsion cleanup additive is prepared by mixing 8-13% isopropyl alcohol, 3-8% dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, 28-35% cocamidopropyl betaine, 20-30% alkylphenol ethoxylates, and the balance water, based on 100% total mass of the microemulsion cleanup additive.
6. The fracturing fluid of claim 1, wherein the clay stabilizer comprises one or a combination of two or more of potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, and trimethyl allyl ammonium chloride.
7. The fracturing fluid of claim 1, wherein the biocide comprises formaldehyde and/or acrolein.
8. The fracturing fluid of claim 1, wherein the defoamer comprises one or a combination of two or more of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene amine ether and polyoxypropylene glycerol ether.
9. The fracturing fluid of claim 1, wherein the pH regulator comprises a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium bicarbonate to the sodium hydroxide is (3-6): 1.
10. The fracturing fluid of claim 1, wherein the temperature stabilizer comprises sodium thiosulfate.
11. A method of preparing the fracturing fluid of any of claims 1-10, comprising:
dissolving a bactericide, a defoaming agent and a cleanup additive in water to obtain a solution A; dissolving carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum and a clay stabilizer in water to obtain a solution B;
step two, adding the solution A into the solution B, and stirring to obtain a mixed solution C;
and step three, adding a pH value regulator and a temperature stabilizer into the mixed solution C, stirring, adding an aqueous solution of a cross-linking agent, and continuously stirring to obtain the fracturing fluid.
12. Use of the fracturing fluid of any one of claims 1 to 10 in the fracturing of tight sandstone reservoirs at well temperatures of not more than 140 ℃.
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| CN113956862B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2023-04-04 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Guanidine gum fracturing fluid gel capable of reducing pH dependence, guanidine gum fracturing fluid system, and preparation method and application thereof |
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