CN113013626B - Directional diagram reconfigurable end-fire antenna - Google Patents
Directional diagram reconfigurable end-fire antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN113013626B CN113013626B CN202110299291.9A CN202110299291A CN113013626B CN 113013626 B CN113013626 B CN 113013626B CN 202110299291 A CN202110299291 A CN 202110299291A CN 113013626 B CN113013626 B CN 113013626B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/06—Details
- H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
Abstract
The invention relates to a directional diagram reconfigurable end-fire antenna which comprises a substrate, switchable micro-strip double baluns, a metal floor, two pairs of coplanar strip lines, two dipoles and two directors. The switchable microstrip dual balun and the metal floor below the switchable microstrip dual balun are located on a central line of the antenna structure, and the antenna structure is symmetrical about the central line. The directional diagram reconfigurable end-fire antenna realizes the feeding of a single-side or double-side dipole by switching the working state of the switchable microstrip double-balun so as to obtain a reconfigurable antenna directional diagram. The invention has large front-to-back ratio and good end-to-end radiation performance in a unidirectional radiation state, can ensure good consistency of directional diagrams at two ends in a bidirectional radiation state, and has the advantages of simple structure, excellent radiation performance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an end-fire antenna with a reconfigurable directional diagram.
Background
In recent years, wireless communication technology has been rapidly developed, and an antenna as a means for transmitting or receiving radio waves plays a significant role in a wireless communication system. The important direction of the development of the current wireless communication system is high capacity, multiple functions and ultra wide band, in order to meet the requirement, the number of antennas carried on the same platform is correspondingly increased, and the increase of the number of the antennas can lead to the increase of the cost, the weight and the volume of the system and also bring about the problem of electromagnetic compatibility. In order to overcome the constraint, the performance of the whole communication system is limited by the antenna as little as possible, and the reconfigurable antenna is produced.
The directional diagram reconfigurable end-fire antenna has wide application scenes due to the adjustable radiation direction and good directionality, and is particularly suitable for being applied to tunnel environments and vehicle environments. Meanwhile, the directional diagram reconfigurable end-fire antenna can play a vital role in the aspects of avoiding signal interference, improving information transmission safety, saving system power and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the defects and shortcomings of the prior art are overcome, the switchable microstrip dual balun is utilized, and the directional diagram reconfigurable end-fire antenna with a simple structure and excellent performance is provided.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an end-fire antenna with a reconfigurable directional diagram, comprising: base plate, the metal floor that is located the base plate back, the feed network that is located the base plate front, two pairs of coplanar strip lines, two dipoles and two director, its characterized in that:
the feed network is a switchable microstrip dual balun, comprising: the device comprises a half-wavelength transmission line, two pairs of quarter-wavelength coupling transmission lines, four bent microstrip lines and an input port, wherein an input port is formed in one end of the half-wavelength transmission line;
the four bent microstrip lines of the switchable microstrip double balun are respectively connected with the two dipoles through coplanar strip lines, and the two directors are arranged in parallel on one side, away from the switchable microstrip double balun, of the corresponding dipole.
Preferably, the bias circuit in the switchable microstrip dual balun comprises a capacitor for isolating a direct current signal and an inductor for isolating a radio frequency signal, wherein a first end and a second end of the capacitor are respectively connected with an outer end of the quarter-wavelength coupling transmission line and an anode of the PIN diode, a first end of the inductor is connected with the anode of the PIN diode, and a second end of the inductor is used for receiving a switching signal. Specifically, the bias circuit further comprises a first bonding pad and a second bonding pad, the positive pole of the PIN diode, the second end of the capacitor and the first end of the inductor are respectively welded with the first bonding pad, the second end of the inductor is welded to the second bonding pad, the second bonding pad is used for receiving a switch signal, the negative pole of the PIN diode is grounded through the grounding bonding pad, and the switch signal is direct-current bias voltage.
The dipole is a half-wave oscillator, has the total length about one half of the working wavelength, and consists of two metal microstrip lines. The length of the director is about one third of the working wavelength, and the director is composed of a metal microstrip line.
The directional diagram reconfigurable end fire antenna realizes the feed of a single-side or double-side dipole by switching the working state of the switchable microstrip double-balun so as to obtain two antenna directional diagrams with single radiation and one antenna directional diagram with bidirectional radiation. Other components (coplanar strip lines, dipoles, directors and metal floors) of the antenna are all composed of simple metal microstrip lines or rectangular metal sheets and do not contain any inductor, capacitor, PIN diode and other devices.
The directional diagram reconfigurable end-fire antenna of the end-fire antenna realizes the feed of a single-side dipole or a double-side dipole by switching the working state of the switchable microstrip double balun so as to obtain a reconfigurable antenna directional diagram. Has the advantages of simple structure, good radiation performance and the like.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a directional diagram reconfigurable end-fire antenna structure provided by the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a switchable microstrip dual balun.
Fig. 3-1 is a return loss plot for an embodiment of the present invention in a first uni-directional radiation state.
Fig. 3-2 shows simulation and actual measurement results of the E-plane directional pattern in the first unidirectional radiation state according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3-3 are simulation and actual measurement results of the H-plane directional pattern in the first unidirectional radiation state according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4-1 is a return loss plot for an embodiment of the present invention in a first uni-directional radiation state.
Fig. 4-2 is a simulation and actual measurement result of the E-plane directional diagram in the first unidirectional radiation state according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4-3 are simulation and actual measurement results of the H-plane directional diagram in the first unidirectional radiation state according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5-1 is a return loss plot for an embodiment of the present invention in a bi-directional radiating state.
Fig. 5-2 is a simulation and actual measurement result of the E-plane directional pattern in the bidirectional radiation state according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5-3 are simulation and actual measurement results of the H-plane directional pattern in the bi-directional radiation state according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a directional diagram reconfigurable end-fire antenna provided by the present invention.
The directional diagram reconfigurable end fire antenna comprises a substrate 1, a switchable microstrip double balun 2 (shown in figure 2), a metal floor 3, two pairs of coplanar strip lines 4, two dipoles 5 and two directors 6. The switchable microstrip double balun 2, the coplanar strip line 4, the dipole 5 and the director 6 are all printed on the front surface of the substrate 1, the metal floor 3 is printed on the back surface of the substrate 1, the substrate material is Rogers 4003C with the dielectric constant of 3.38 and the loss tangent value of 0.0027, and the thickness of the dielectric substrate is 1.524 mm. The switchable microstrip dual balun 2 with its underlying metal ground plane 3 is located on the center line of the antenna structure, which is symmetric about the center line.
The switchable microstrip dual balun 2 includes: the device comprises a half-wavelength transmission line 22, two pairs of quarter-wavelength coupling transmission lines 23, four bent microstrip lines 24 and an input port 21, wherein an input port 21 is formed in one end of the half-wavelength transmission line 22, the two pairs of quarter-wavelength coupling transmission lines 23 are positioned on two sides of the half-wavelength transmission line 22, the four bent microstrip lines are respectively connected to the inner ends of the quarter-wavelength coupling transmission lines 23, the input port 21 is formed in one end of the half-wavelength transmission line 22, a switch circuit is arranged at the outer end of the quarter-wavelength coupling transmission line 23, and the switch circuit comprises a PIN diode with a grounded cathode and a bias circuit for controlling the on-off of the PIN diode. Four bent microstrip lines 24 of the switchable microstrip dual balun are respectively connected with the two dipoles 5 through the coplanar strip lines 4, and the two directors 6 are arranged in parallel on one side of the corresponding dipole 5 away from the switchable microstrip dual balun.
As shown, the bias circuit in the switchable microstrip dual balun includes a capacitor and an inductor, the first terminal and the second terminal of the capacitor are respectively connected to the outer terminal of the quarter-wave coupling transmission line 23 and the anode of the PIN diode, the first terminal of the inductor is connected to the anode of the PIN diode, and the second terminal of the inductor is used for receiving the switching signal. The bias circuit further comprises a first bonding pad 25 and a second bonding pad 27, wherein the positive pole of the PIN diode, the second end of the capacitor and the first end of the inductor are respectively welded with the first bonding pad 25, the second end of the inductor is welded with the second bonding pad (27), and the second bonding pad is used for receiving a switching signal. The cathode of the PIN diode is grounded through a ground pad 26 and the switching signal is a dc bias voltage. The short circuit/open circuit state of the corresponding quarter-wavelength coupling transmission line is changed by controlling the on-off of the PIN diode, so that the on-off of two pairs of differential output ports of the double-balun structure in a specific frequency band is realized.
The coplanar strip line is connected with the switchable microstrip double balun and the dipole, and the length of the line isl 1 =37 mm, single line width ofw 1 =0.4 mm, pitch isg 1 =1 mm. A switchable microstrip dual balun feeds dipoles through the coplanar stripline. The dipole is a half-wave oscillator and is composed of two metal microstrip lines, and the total length of the dipolel 2 =76 mm, widthw 2 =4 mm. The director consists of a metal microstrip line with a length ofl 3 =52 mm, width ofw 3 =2 mm, the distance between director and dipole beingd 1 =12 mm。
Parameters of the switchable microstrip dual balun are as follows:
the line width of the half-wavelength transmission line is 6 mm, and the line length is 47 mm;
the line width and length of the quarter-wave coupling transmission line are 3.8 mml 2 =17.7 mm；
The line width of the bent microstrip line is 1.2 mm, and the line length is 18.6 mm;
the gap between the quarter-wavelength coupling transmission line and the half-wavelength transmission line is 0.2 mm;
the spacing between adjacent quarter-wave coupled transmission lines is 1 mm.
The directional diagram reconfigurable end-fire antenna realizes the feeding of a single-side dipole or a double-side dipole by switching the working state of the switchable microstrip double balun so as to obtain two antenna directional diagrams with single radiation and one antenna directional diagram with bidirectional radiation. Other components (coplanar strip lines, dipoles, directors and metal floors) of the antenna are all composed of simple metal microstrip lines or rectangular metal sheets and do not contain any inductor, capacitor, PIN diode and other devices.
As shown in fig. 3-1 to 3-3, in the first unidirectional radiation state (as shown in fig. 1, a dc voltage with an amplitude of 1V is applied to one pair of second pads on the right side, and a dc voltage with an amplitude of 0V is applied to the other pair of second pads, at this time, one pair of diodes on the right side is turned on, the microstrip dual balun feeds the dipole on the side, and the antenna radiates to the right side), the return loss of the antenna is less than-10 dB in the frequency band range of 2 GHz to 2.05 GHz. The actually measured gain peak value under the state can reach 5.6 dB, the front-to-back ratio of an antenna directional diagram is larger than 18 dB, and the end-fire performance is good.
As shown in fig. 4-1 to 4-3, in the second unidirectional radiation state (as shown in fig. 1, a dc voltage with an amplitude of 1V is applied to one pair of second pads on the left side, and a dc voltage with an amplitude of 0V is applied to the other pair of second pads, at this time, a pair of diodes on the left side are turned on, the microstrip dual balun feeds the side dipole, and the antenna radiates to the left side), the return loss of the antenna is less than-10 dB in the frequency band range of 2 GHz to 2.05 GHz. The actually measured gain peak value under the state can reach 5.8 dB, the front-to-back ratio of an antenna directional diagram is larger than 18 dB, and the end-fire performance is good.
As shown in fig. 5-1 to 5-3, in a bidirectional radiation state (as shown in fig. 1, when a dc voltage with an amplitude of 1V is applied to all four pads, all diodes are turned on, the microstrip dual balun simultaneously feeds dipoles on two sides, and the antenna radiates to two sides), the return loss of the antenna is less than-10 dB in a frequency band range from 1.95 GHz to 2.05 GHz. The actually measured gain peak value under the state can reach 2.7 dB, the front-to-back ratio of an antenna directional diagram is less than 0.5 dB, and the symmetry is good.
In summary, in the specific implementation of the present invention, two types of antenna directional patterns with good end-fire performance and single radiation and a symmetric bidirectional radiation directional pattern can be implemented in a frequency band range from 2 GHz to 2.05 GHz, and the return loss of the antenna in all three states is lower than-10 dB.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A pattern reconfigurable end-fire antenna comprising: base plate (1), be located metal floor (3) at base plate (1) back, be located two balun (2) of the positive switch microstrip of base plate (1), two pairs of coplanar strip line (4), two dipoles (5) and two director (6), its characterized in that:
the switchable microstrip dual balun, comprising: the device comprises a half-wavelength transmission line (22) with an input port (21) at one end, two pairs of quarter-wavelength coupling transmission lines (23) positioned at two sides of the half-wavelength transmission line (22), four bent microstrip lines (24) respectively connected to the inner ends of the quarter-wavelength coupling transmission lines (23), and the input port (21) arranged at one end of the half-wavelength transmission line (22), wherein a switch circuit is arranged at the outer end of the quarter-wavelength coupling transmission line (23), and the switch circuit comprises a PIN diode with a grounded cathode and a bias circuit for controlling the connection and disconnection of the PIN diode;
four bent microstrip lines (24) of the switchable microstrip double balun are respectively connected with the two dipoles (5) through coplanar strip lines (4), and the two directors (6) are arranged in parallel on one side of the corresponding dipole (5) far away from the switchable microstrip double balun.
2. The pattern reconfigurable endfire antenna of claim 1, wherein: the antenna structure is symmetrical about a center line, and the switchable microstrip double balun (2) and a metal floor (3) below the switchable microstrip double balun are positioned on the center line of the antenna structure.
3. The pattern reconfigurable endfire antenna of claim 1, wherein: the bias circuit in the switchable microstrip dual balun comprises a capacitor and an inductor, wherein the first end and the second end of the capacitor are respectively connected with the outer end of a quarter-wavelength coupling transmission line (23) and the anode of a PIN diode, the first end of the inductor is connected with the anode of the PIN diode, and the second end of the inductor is used for receiving a switching signal.
4. The pattern reconfigurable end-fire antenna of claim 3, wherein: the bias circuit further comprises a first bonding pad (25) and a second bonding pad (27), the positive pole of the PIN diode, the second end of the capacitor and the first end of the inductor are respectively welded with the first bonding pad (25), the second end of the inductor is welded to the second bonding pad (27), the second bonding pad is used for receiving a switch signal, the negative pole of the PIN diode is grounded through a grounding bonding pad (26), and the switch signal is direct-current bias voltage.
5. The pattern reconfigurable endfire antenna of claim 4, wherein: a DC blocking capacitor is arranged at the joint of the input port (21) of the switchable microstrip double balun and the half-wavelength transmission line (22), so that the influence of a DC signal on the input port (21) is prevented.
6. The pattern reconfigurable end-fire antenna of claim 5, wherein: the short circuit/open circuit state of the corresponding quarter-wavelength coupling transmission line is changed by controlling the on-off of the PIN diode so as to realize the on-off of two pairs of differential output ports of the double-balun structure in a specific frequency band.
7. The pattern reconfigurable endfire antenna of claim 6, wherein: the feed of the single-side dipole (5) or the double-side dipole (5) is realized by switching the working state of the switchable microstrip double balun so as to obtain two kinds of unidirectional radiation or one kind of bidirectional radiation.
8. The pattern reconfigurable end-fire antenna of claim 1, wherein: the coplanar strip line (4), the dipole (5) and the director (6) are linear metal microstrip lines.
9. The pattern reconfigurable endfire antenna of claim 1, wherein: the dipole (5) is a half-wave oscillator, has the total length about one half of the working wavelength and is composed of two metal microstrip lines.
10. The pattern reconfigurable endfire antenna of claim 1, wherein: the length of the director (6) is about one third of the working wavelength and is composed of a metal microstrip line.
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| CN202110299291.9A CN113013626B (en) | 2021-03-21 | 2021-03-21 | Directional diagram reconfigurable end-fire antenna |
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| CN202110299291.9A CN113013626B (en) | 2021-03-21 | 2021-03-21 | Directional diagram reconfigurable end-fire antenna |
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| CN113013626B true CN113013626B (en) | 2022-11-04 |
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| CN116780175B (en) * | 2023-07-18 | 2024-04-16 | 南通至晟微电子技术有限公司 | Broadband millimeter wave end-fire antenna |
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| CN102437418A (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2012-05-02 | 清华大学 | Broadband planar reconfigurable antenna system for mobile terminal |
| US8514142B1 (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2013-08-20 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Reconfigurable surface reflector antenna |
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| US7362280B2 (en) * | 2004-08-18 | 2008-04-22 | Ruckus Wireless, Inc. | System and method for a minimized antenna apparatus with selectable elements |
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| US8514142B1 (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2013-08-20 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Reconfigurable surface reflector antenna |
| CN102437418A (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2012-05-02 | 清华大学 | Broadband planar reconfigurable antenna system for mobile terminal |
| CN103700942A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-02 | 电子科技大学 | Planar antenna capable of switching wave beam for omnidirectional scanning within horizontal range |
| CN107359403A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-11-17 | 东南大学 | A kind of low section directional diagram reconstructable substrate integration wave-guide electromagnetic horn |
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