CN112983370A - Method for extracting oil shale by electrically heating and electrically heating coupling catalyst between same well seams of horizontal well - Google Patents
Method for extracting oil shale by electrically heating and electrically heating coupling catalyst between same well seams of horizontal well Download PDFInfo
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- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/2401—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity
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- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
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- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for exploiting oil shale by electrically heating and electrically heating a coupling catalyst between same well seams of a horizontal well, belonging to the technical field of oil exploitation. The method comprises the following steps: fracturing the horizontal well shaft in a staged manner by using fracturing fluid to form a plurality of fracturing fractures vertical to the horizontal well shaft, wherein the fracturing fractures are divided into a first group of fracturing fractures and a second group of fracturing fractures; perforating the tubing at locations corresponding to the first set of fractures and at locations corresponding to the second set of fractures; filling the second set of fractured fractures with an electrically heated material via an annular space formed by the tubing and the casing; controlling the electric heating material to work so as to heat the oil shale; and opening an oil extraction valve arranged at the wellhead of the horizontal well, allowing oil and gas products obtained by heating the oil shale to enter the annular space and enter an oil pipe through the perforations corresponding to the first group of fracturing fractures to be extracted. Through the technical scheme, the method has the advantages of good mining cost and economic benefit and high average well yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil exploitation, in particular to a method for exploiting oil shale by electrically heating and electrically heating a coupling catalyst between same well seams of a horizontal well.
Background
Oil shale refers to sedimentary rock with very fine particles and a large amount of immature organic matter or kerogen, which can be pyrolyzed and converted into liquid hydrocarbons by high-temperature heating (generally more than 300 ℃), which is called "combustible rock" abroad. Oil shale belongs to unconventional oil and gas resources. The oil shale in the world has huge storage capacity which is four times of that of the conventional crude oil, is distributed in 33 countries of all continents, has more than 600 known mineral deposits in total, and has huge mining potential, so that the oil shale is listed as a very important successive energy source in the 21 st century by virtue of abundant resources and feasibility of development and utilization. With the rapid increase of energy demand in China and the higher and higher external dependence, in order to reduce the risk brought by the trend, the large-scale exploration and development of oil shale resources has important significance for relieving the oil and gas supply and demand pressure in China. Oil shale resources in China are quite rich, but how to effectively develop and utilize the oil shale resources is quite complex.
As a substitute energy, aiming at the characteristic that high-quality oil shale resources in China are deeply buried, the development of the oil shale mainly comprises two modes of in-situ mining and ground dry distillation at present. Compared with ground dry distillation, the in-situ mining can save the open-pit mining cost, reduce the environmental pollution in the mining process, can mine the oil shale buried deeply, has wide application range and great development potential, is an effective and environment-friendly mining mode of workers at present, and therefore, the in-situ mining of the oil shale becomes the development trend of large-scale commercial mining of the oil shale in the future.
With the development of research, the in-situ mining technology makes a certain breakthrough, and at present, an electric heating technology, a convection heating technology, a microwave radiation technology, a local chemical heating technology and the like are developed. Among them, the electric heating technology is relatively more mature, and the most important advantage is that it is easier to control. The ICP technology and the Electrofrac technology are currently the most studied electrical heating technologies. IPC technology is proposed by royal shell in the netherlands, which extracts oil shale by an electrical heating process. The basic process comprises the following steps: and arranging a vertical heating well and a production well in the oil shale layer, implanting a heating electrode into the oil shale reservoir layer through the heating well for heating, so that organic matters in the reservoir layer are pyrolyzed to form an oil-gas product, and extracting the gas-liquid mixed product to the ground through the production well. In order to prevent oil gas diffusion and water pollution, a freeze wall technology is adopted to carry out closed treatment on a mining area. The existence of the crack improves the recovery rate of oil gas products, but the technology consumes huge electric energy. The ElectrofracTM technology was proposed by ExxonMobil in 1990. The technology is mainly divided into three procedures: the method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out hydraulic fracturing on an oil shale layer, then filling a conductive material in a crack generated by the hydraulic fracturing, and finally electrifying to enable the conductive material to generate heat so as to heat the oil shale and collect a product obtained by pyrolysis. The basic idea is as follows: drilling a horizontal well on the ground towards the oil shale layer, forming large-scale vertical cracks after hydraulic fracturing, filling a conductive material into the generated vertical cracks to form a heating unit, heating the underground oil shale layer through a heating well, and enabling formed pyrolysis products to enter a production well through the cracks when the heating reaches the pyrolysis temperature. However, both methods have significant disadvantages, namely, the heating efficiency of the electric heating is too low and the energy loss is too large.
For example, patent application No. CN87100890 is primarily directed to a method of directly recovering hydrocarbons from an underground oil shale formation using a conduction heating driven process. The invention heats 4 or 12 heating wells around by adopting an electric heating mode, kerogen in the oil shale layer is pyrolyzed to form fluid oil gas in a conduction mode, the oil shale layer is broken, and the oil shale layer enters a production well to produce fluid. The invention adopts an electric heating mode, and because the on-way heat conduction coefficient is low, and the distance between the heat injection well and the production well is larger, the heating process is very slow, and simultaneously, a large amount of heat is dissipated along the top and the bottom of the ore bed, and the fault is easy to occur; the pressure of oil gas generated by pyrolysis in the oil shale is lower, and in addition, the oil shale expands thermally in the heating process, so that the fracture and crack of the oil shale are easy to close, and the oil gas recovery rate in the oil shale is lower.
The patent with application number CN201521007560.6 introduces an electric heater that oil shale underground normal position was mined, injects compressed gas into the heater through the injection well on ground and heats, reduces the heat dissipation through the vacuum insulation system, and then carries out the schizolysis to kerogen in the oil shale stratum, takes out the oil gas resource that the schizolysis formed ground through the exploitation well and carries out oil-gas separation. Although the method reduces part of heat dissipation through the vacuum heat preservation system, the problem of larger heat conduction distance still exists in the inter-well heating mode, the energy utilization rate is still lower, and the economic benefit is not good.
The patent with application number CN200510012473.4 discloses a method for connecting multiple wells by arranging the multiple wells at the surface and using a fracturing method. And then alternately selecting a heat injection well and a production well at intervals, injecting steam at 400-700 ℃ into the oil shale ore layer along the heat injection well, heating the ore layer to pyrolyze kerogen in the ore layer and form oil gas, and discharging the oil gas to the ground along the production well by low-temperature steam or water for separation. The invention alleviates the problem of low heating efficiency caused by overlarge inter-well distance to a certain extent by a mode of alternately rotating the heat injection well and the production well at intervals, but the injected hot fluid is water vapor, most oil shale reservoirs contain a large amount of clay minerals, and the clay minerals are easy to absorb water and expand to cause the physical property deterioration of the reservoirs. The hot melt coefficient of the superheated steam is low, and the ore bed is heated slowly. Meanwhile, the working system of the heat injection well and the production well is alternated, the circulating operation times are more, the loss and the useless work are increased, the cost is increased, and the benefit is reduced. Because some oil shale deposits are located in the desert or gobi with severe drought water shortage, the water consumption for heating by superheated steam is large, so that the method cannot be implemented or the cost is too high, and the economic benefit of enterprises is low.
On the basis of the last patent, the patent with the application number of CN200710139353.X changes high-temperature steam into high-temperature hot fluid, and solves the problems of low heat capacity coefficient and large water consumption of high-temperature overheated steam. However, the invention has the problem of safety of high-temperature hydrocarbon gas under high-temperature conditions. In light of the above description, there is a need to find an in-situ upgrading method with simple process, high heat utilization rate and less damage to oil shale reservoirs to improve the problems existing in the prior art, and the most important is to solve the problem of low heat utilization rate caused by the large distance between wells, which is inevitable in the inter-well heating method.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a method for exploiting oil shale by electrically heating and electrically heating a coupling catalyst between same well seams of a horizontal well, which is used for solving one or more of the technical problems.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for exploiting oil shale, where the method includes: fracturing the horizontal well shaft in a staged manner by using fracturing fluid to form a plurality of fracturing fractures vertical to the horizontal well shaft, wherein the fracturing fractures are divided into a first group of fracturing fractures and a second group of fracturing fractures; perforating the tubing at locations corresponding to the first set of fractures and at locations corresponding to the second set of fractures; filling the second set of fractured fractures with an electrically heated material via an annulus formed by the tubing and casing; controlling the electric heating material to work to heat the oil shale; and opening an oil extraction valve arranged at the wellhead of the horizontal well, wherein oil and gas products obtained by heating the oil shale enter the annular space and enter the oil pipe through the perforation corresponding to the first group of fracturing cracks to be extracted, and the cracks in the first group of fracturing cracks and the cracks in the second group of fracturing cracks are arranged at intervals.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for exploiting the oil shale, which comprises the following steps: fracturing the horizontal well shaft in a staged manner by using fracturing fluid to form a plurality of fracturing fractures vertical to the horizontal well shaft, wherein the fracturing fractures are divided into a first group of fracturing fractures and a second group of fracturing fractures, and the fracturing fluid contains a catalyst for reducing the pyrolysis temperature of the oil shale; perforating the tubing at locations corresponding to the first set of fractures and at locations corresponding to the second set of fractures; filling the second set of fractured fractures with an electrically heated material via an annulus formed by the tubing and casing; controlling the electric heating material to work to heat the oil shale; and opening an oil extraction valve arranged at the wellhead of the horizontal well, wherein oil and gas products obtained by heating the oil shale enter the annular space and enter the oil pipe through the perforation corresponding to the first group of fracturing cracks to be extracted, and the cracks in the first group of fracturing cracks and the cracks in the second group of fracturing cracks are arranged at intervals.
Optionally, the catalyst is Fe2O3Or CoCl2·6H2O。
Optionally, the controlling the electric heating material to work to heat the oil shale comprises: electric heating wires are arranged under the wellhead of the horizontal well and distributed in the annular space; and supplying power to the electric heating wire through a power supply device so as to control the electric heating material kept in a preset temperature range to heat the oil shale.
Optionally, the preset temperature range is 430 ℃ to 520 ℃.
Optionally, the method further includes: after the electric heating material works for a first time period, the oil production valve is opened, and the oil and gas products entering the annular space enter the oil pipe through the perforation holes corresponding to the first set of fracturing fractures to be produced; and the oil production valve is kept in an open state, after the electric heating material works for a second time period, the electric heating material is controlled to stop working, and the oil and gas products entering the annular space enter the oil pipe through the perforation corresponding to the first group of fracturing cracks and the perforation corresponding to the second group of fracturing cracks to be produced.
Optionally, the controlling the electric heating material to stop working comprises: controlling a power supply device to stop supplying power to the electric heating wire; and taking out the electric heating wire through the wellhead of the horizontal well.
Optionally, the method further includes: an injection-production separation device is arranged in the annular space corresponding to the first group of fracturing fractures, and the outer wall of the oil pipe and the inner wall of the sleeve are used as supporting end faces of the injection-production separation device; filling the electric heating material between two adjacent injection-production separation devices; and penetrating the electric heating wires through the injection-production separation device, wherein the electric heating wires are distributed in the annular space.
Optionally, the injection-production separation device includes: two packers; and the flow guide pipe is arranged between the two packers and communicated with the annular space.
Optionally, the spacing between the fractures ranges from 15 meters to 30 meters.
By the technical scheme, the heating material is filled in part of the fractured fractures corresponding to the horizontal well to heat the oil shale layer, and oil and gas products after oil shale pyrolysis can be produced through the rest of the fractured fractures corresponding to the horizontal well. The oil shale reservoir heating and oil shale exploitation can be completed through one well, so that the oil shale exploitation cost can be effectively reduced, the economic benefit is improved, and the average well yield can be improved.
Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the embodiments of the invention without limiting the embodiments of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an injection-production separation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an injection-production separation apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an electrical heating process of a method for producing oil shale by electrical heating between same well fractures of a multi-stage fractured horizontal well according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the process of injecting heat into even-numbered stage fractures and extracting oil from odd-numbered stage fractures according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a process for producing oil from even-numbered stages of fractures and odd-numbered stages of fractures provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a water vapor injection heating process of a shale production method by thermal fluid between the same well fractures of a multi-stage fractured horizontal well provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the process of injecting steam into even-numbered stages of fractures and recovering oil from odd-numbered stages of fractures according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a process for producing oil from even-numbered stages of fractures and odd-numbered stages of fractures according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1A packer and 1B flow guide pipe of 1 injection-production separation device
2 casing 3 oil pipe 4 even-numbered stage crack
5 odd-level crack 6 annular space 7 fracturing horizontal well
8 distributing valve 9 filling hole 10 electric heating wire
11 electric heating material
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
It should be noted at the outset that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the embodiments of the present invention are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the feature and, where desired, the effect achieved by the feature may be substantially the same.
For the method for exploiting the oil shale provided by any embodiment of the invention, one or more valves can be arranged at the position of the pipeline corresponding to the hole and the position of the pipeline connection according to actual conditions, so as to adjust the progress in the process of exploiting the oil shale.
For example, if it is desired to inject fluid into a fracture, it is contemplated to provide a dispensing valve on the casing at a location corresponding to the fracture to control whether or not fluid can be injected into the formation, the rate of injection of fluid into the formation, and the like.
For example, a valve may also be provided between the casing and tubing for controlling fluid flow in the annulus between the casing and tubing or for controlling fluid flow within the tubing. The embodiment of the invention provides a scheme in which perforation is required on the oil pipe so that oil and gas products can be produced through the oil pipe, and the position of the valve can correspond to the position of the perforation.
In view of the particularity of producing oil shale, embodiments of the present invention also provide an injection-production separation device that may be disposed between a casing and a tubing, and through which fluid entering the separation device may enter the tubing through perforations in the tubing.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an injection-production separation device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the injection-production separation device 1 is mainly divided into two parts, i.e., a packer 1A and a draft tube 1B. Wherein, each injection-production separation device 1 is provided with two packers 1A, and a flow guide pipe 1B is arranged between the two packers 1A, and the packers 1A can control the fluid movement in the flow guide pipe 1B.
The injection-production spacer 1 shown in fig. 1 is arranged between the casing and the tubing, and a schematic cross-sectional view of the corresponding injection-production spacer is shown in fig. 2.
Specifically, when the injection-production separation device 1 is arranged between the casing 2 and the oil pipe 3, the outer wall of the oil pipe 3 and the inner wall of the casing 2 can serve as the supporting end faces of the injection-production separation device 1. Wherein, if the packer 1A in the injection-production separation device 1 is in a closed state, the fluid between the two packers 1A can not enter the oil pipe.
The injection-production separation device provided by the embodiment of the invention not only can seal the annular space formed by the oil pipe and the casing pipe, but also can play a role in heat insulation.
Example one
Aiming at the problem of low efficiency of exploiting the oil shale in the prior art, the invention provides a method for efficiently exploiting the oil shale by heating a horizontal well and a space between the wells. Specifically, the specific steps of the method for recovering oil shale provided by this embodiment of the present invention are as follows.
Step 1: fracturing fluid is firstly adopted to fracture the shaft of the horizontal well in a staged way so as to form a plurality of cracks. And selecting a part of fractured fractures vertical to the horizontal well shaft from the plurality of fractures as a first group of fractured fractures, and selecting a part of fractured fractures vertical to the horizontal well shaft from the plurality of fractures as a second group of fractured fractures.
Step 2: perforating the tubing at locations corresponding to the first set of fractures and locations corresponding to the second set of fractures.
And step 3: an electrically heated material is fed into the fracture through the annular space formed by the tubing and casing. Wherein a portion of the electrically heated material may remain in the annulus within the wellbore after the electrically heated material is introduced.
And 4, step 4: controlling the electric heating material to work so as to heat the oil shale.
And 5: and opening an oil extraction valve at the wellhead of the horizontal well, and allowing oil and gas products formed by pyrolysis in the oil shale stratum to enter the oil pipe through the corresponding perforation to be extracted.
According to the scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the heating of the oil shale layer is realized by filling the heating material into part of the fractured fractures corresponding to the horizontal well, so that the oil shale can be produced through the rest of the fractured fractures corresponding to the horizontal well. That is to say, the scheme can complete the heating of the oil shale reservoir and the exploitation of the oil shale through one well, so that the exploitation cost of the oil shale can be effectively reduced, the economic benefit can be improved, and the average yield of the well can be improved.
Compared with the conventional heat conduction mode of heat transfer between wells for heating the oil shale layer, the scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention is improved into a mode of heat transfer between seams, so that the in-situ modification of the oil shale can be more finely improved. Therefore, the method has the advantages of low heat utilization rate and high oil shale recovery efficiency.
In addition, after the oil shale stratum is heated to a certain degree, oil and gas products in the second group of fracturing cracks can enter the oil pipe through corresponding perforation holes, namely the second group of fracturing cracks can be used as 'heat injection cracks' and 'oil extraction cracks', and the injection and production efficiency and the production efficiency can be greatly improved.
In some optional embodiments, the existing heat transfer mode may be combined with the scheme provided by the present invention, that is, the heat transfer treatment mode is performed between the well seams of each well while the heat transfer between the wells is performed, so that the recovery efficiency of the oil shale can be further improved.
In some alternative embodiments, the fractures of the first set of fractured fractures may be arranged at intervals from the fractures of the second set of fractured fractures. For example, the first set of fractures and the second set of fractures may be arranged in a crossing manner (i.e., the first set of fractures is odd-numbered fractures and the second set of fractures is even-numbered fractures), or the first set of fractures may be interspersed between every two second sets of fractures, or the first set of fractures and the second set of fractures may be arranged in a plurality of regular combinations, and so on. The method has the advantages that the well yield can be effectively improved and the production cost can be effectively reduced by selecting a proper sequencing mode, so that the specific sequencing between the first group of fracturing fractures and the second group of fracturing fractures can be comprehensively determined according to the distribution condition of the fracturing fractures, the self state of the fracturing fractures (such as the length and the width of the fracturing fractures) and the state of an oil shale layer.
In the method, considering that not all fractured fractures vertical to a horizontal well shaft can be used for producing the oil shale through electric heating, a proper fractured fracture can be selected at intervals for filling an electric heating material or used for producing the oil shale. For example, one fracture may be selected as the first set of fractured fractures or as the second set of fractured fractures every 15 to 30 meters.
For the scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the electric heating material can be iron-chromium-aluminum alloy or nickel-chromium alloy and the like, and can also be a material coated with a nano material and the like.
Example two
The method for electrically heating and exploiting oil shale between the same wells of the multi-stage fractured horizontal well provided by the invention is explained by combining a specific embodiment.
Firstly, injecting fracturing fluid into a horizontal well to enable a reservoir to generate fracturing fractures, selecting fractures in a range of 15-30 m intervals, dividing the selected fractures into two groups according to odd-level fractures and even-level fractures, and selecting at least three-level fractures. Wherein, the odd-numbered stage cracks can be used as a channel for the circulation of crude oil, and the even-numbered stage cracks can be used as a channel for filling the electric heating material and the circulation of crude oil.
The tubing is then inserted into the casing such that an annular space is formed between the tubing and the casing. The annular space formed between the oil pipe and the casing pipe is used as a passage for feeding electric heating materials and heating wires and a passage for crude oil to flow to a wellhead. The oil pipe is used as a channel for crude oil to flow to a wellhead.
Taking out the oil pipe, arranging a valve at a corresponding position on the oil pipe according to requirements, perforating at a position corresponding to the odd-numbered stage cracks and a position corresponding to the even-numbered stage cracks on the oil pipe, and then putting the oil pipe and the casing pipe into the corresponding positions.
The electrically heated material is filled through the annular space into the even-numbered stages of fractures, there being some electrically heated material also in the annular duct perpendicular to the fractures.
The power supply is connected through the electric heating wire, the electric heating material works, and continuous heating is started to heat the oil shale formation. In order to obtain a good oil extraction effect, the working temperature of the electric heating material can be set within a preset temperature range. For example, the predetermined temperature range may be 430 ℃ to 520 ℃, preferably 450 ℃ to 500 ℃.
Optionally, the working temperature of the electric heating material can be specifically regulated by putting down: periodically supplying power to the electric heating material, or regulating and controlling the output current of the power supply, and the like.
After the pyrolysis temperature of the oil shale is reached, oil gas products pyrolyzed in the oil shale formation firstly flow into odd-level fractures through even-level fractures and then flow into an oil pipe through perforations corresponding to the odd-level fractures to be produced.
After the electric heating material works for a certain time (the time can be determined according to factors such as the state, the composition proportion, the output trend and the like of the output oil gas products), the power supply is disconnected. Meanwhile, an electric heating wire is removed, a valve on a pipeline is set to be in an opening state, and oil and gas products in the odd-level cracks and the even-level cracks enter an oil pipe through corresponding perforations of the cracks to be produced.
EXAMPLE III
The process of exploiting the oil shale by the method for electrically heating and exploiting the oil shale between the same well fractures of the multi-stage fractured horizontal well according to the embodiment of the invention is explained in detail with reference to fig. 3 to 5.
As shown in fig. 3, an oil pipe 3 and a casing 2 sleeved outside the oil pipe 3 are injected into a shaft of a fractured horizontal well 7, and an annular space 6 is formed between the oil pipe 3 and the casing 2.
And the pipeline corresponding to the even-level cracks 4 is provided with an injection allocation valve 8 (arranged at the sleeve 3) and an injection hole 9, and the pipeline corresponding to the odd-level cracks 5 is provided with an injection-production separation device 1 (corresponding to the perforation of the oil pipe 2 and arranged in the annular space 6).
An electrical heating wire 10 is located in the annular space 6 and is capable of providing electrical power to the electrical heating material 11.
As shown in fig. 4, during heating, the electrically heated material 11 is able to transfer heat to the oil shale formation via the even-numbered stages of fractures 4. The oil gas products after pyrolysis can enter the odd-numbered stage cracks 5 from the even-numbered stage cracks 4 after opening an oil extraction valve (not shown in the figure) at the wellhead of the fractured horizontal well 7, then flow into a flow guide pipe and an annular space 6 of the injection-production separation device 1 together with the oil gas products in the odd-numbered stage cracks 5, and then enter the oil pipe 3 through a perforation hole on the oil pipe 3 corresponding to the odd-numbered stage cracks 3 to be extracted.
When the oil shale is pyrolyzed to a certain degree, the power supply for the electric heating material 11 can be stopped, the electric heating wire 10 is taken out, the packer in the injection-production separation device 1 is unsealed, and the injection allocation valve 8 is opened. As shown in fig. 5, the pyrolyzed hydrocarbon products may be simultaneously produced from the perforations corresponding to the odd and even stages of fractures 5 and 4 into the tubing 3.
Example four
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for exploiting the oil shale by electrically heating the coupling catalyst between the same well fractures of the multi-stage fractured horizontal well. The specific steps of the method for exploiting the oil shale by electrically heating the coupling catalyst between the same well fractures of the multi-stage fractured horizontal well provided by the embodiment of the invention are as follows.
Step 1: fracturing fluid is firstly adopted to fracture the shaft of the horizontal well in a staged way so as to form a plurality of cracks. And selecting a part of fractured fractures vertical to the horizontal well shaft from the plurality of fractures as a first group of fractured fractures, and selecting a part of fractured fractures vertical to the horizontal well shaft from the plurality of fractures as a second group of fractured fractures.
Wherein the fracturing fluid contains a catalyst for reducing the pyrolysis temperature of the oil shale. For example, the catalyst may be Fe2O3Or CoCl2·6H2O。
Step 2: perforating the tubing at locations corresponding to the first set of fractures and locations corresponding to the second set of fractures.
And step 3: an electrically heated material is fed into the fracture through the annular space formed by the tubing and casing. Wherein a portion of the electrically heated material may remain in the annulus within the wellbore after the electrically heated material is introduced.
And 4, step 4: controlling the electric heating material to work so as to heat the oil shale.
And 5: and opening an oil extraction valve at the wellhead of the horizontal well, and allowing crude oil thermally decomposed in the oil shale formation to enter an oil pipe through the corresponding perforation to be extracted.
Compared with the scheme provided by the embodiment, the scheme provided by the embodiment provides that the fracturing fluid with the catalyst is adopted to perform staged fracturing on the horizontal well shaft, and in the fracturing process, the catalyst enters the inside of the oil shale layer along with the filtration loss of the fracturing fluid, so that the pyrolysis temperature of the oil shale is reduced, the heating process is shortened, and the recovery speed of the oil shale is improved.
The method for exploiting the oil shale by the multistage fracturing of the electrically heated coupling catalyst between the same well fractures of the horizontal well can also be suitable for the condition that the distance of the fractures between the wells is large.
After the catalyst is added into the fracturing fluid, the pyrolysis temperature of the oil shale can be reduced through the catalyst, so that the working temperature range of the electric heating material can be correspondingly reduced, and the specific temperature range can be determined according to the actual exploitation condition.
In addition, specific details and benefits of exploiting the oil shale by using the method for exploiting the oil shale by electrically heating the coupling catalyst between the same well fractures of the multi-stage fractured horizontal well provided by the embodiment of the invention can participate in the records related to the first to third embodiments, and are not described herein again.
EXAMPLE five
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for extracting oil shale by the hot fluid between the same well fractures of the multi-stage fractured horizontal well, which comprises the following specific steps.
Step 1: fracturing fluid is firstly adopted to fracture the shaft of the horizontal well in a staged way so as to form a plurality of cracks. And selecting a part of fractured fractures vertical to the horizontal well shaft from the plurality of fractures as a first group of fractured fractures, and selecting a part of fractured fractures vertical to the horizontal well shaft from the plurality of fractures as a second group of fractured fractures.
Step 2: perforating the tubing at locations corresponding to the first set of fractures.
And step 3: injecting steam into an annulus formed by the tubing and casing, the steam capable of being injected into the second set of fractured fractures.
And 4, step 4: and when the oil and gas products are monitored to be produced, opening an oil extraction valve at the wellhead of the horizontal well, and allowing the oil and gas products thermally decomposed in the oil shale formation to enter an oil pipe through the perforation corresponding to the first group of fracturing fractures and be produced.
According to the scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the oil shale layer is heated by injecting hot fluid into part of the fractured fractures corresponding to the horizontal well, so that oil and gas products generated after the oil shale is pyrolyzed can be produced through the rest of the fractured fractures corresponding to the horizontal well. That is to say, the scheme can complete the heating of the oil shale reservoir and the exploitation of the oil shale through one well, so that the exploitation cost of the oil shale can be effectively reduced, the economic benefit can be improved, and the average yield of the well can be improved.
Compared with the traditional heat conduction mode of heat transfer between wells for heating the oil shale layer at present, the scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention is improved into a mode of heat transfer between seams, namely the mode of line heating is changed into surface heating, so that the in-situ modification of the oil shale can be more finely improved, the heating efficiency is improved, and the oil shale exploitation period is shortened.
In addition, the scheme of the invention has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation, easy implementation, realization of large-scale application in oil fields and wide application prospect.
In some alternative embodiments, the fractures of the first set of fractured fractures may be arranged at intervals from the fractures of the second set of fractured fractures. For example, the first set of fractures and the second set of fractures may be arranged in a crossing manner (i.e., the first set of fractures is odd-numbered fractures and the second set of fractures is even-numbered fractures), or the first set of fractures may be interspersed between every two second sets of fractures, or the first set of fractures and the second set of fractures may be arranged in a plurality of regular combinations, and so on. The method has the advantages that the well yield can be effectively improved and the production cost can be effectively reduced by selecting a proper sequencing mode, so that the specific sequencing between the first group of fracturing fractures and the second group of fracturing fractures can be comprehensively determined according to the distribution condition of the fracturing fractures, the self state of the fracturing fractures (such as the length and the width of the fracturing fractures) and the state of an oil shale layer.
In the method, considering that not all fractured fractures vertical to a horizontal well shaft can be used for producing the oil shale through electric heating, a proper fractured fracture can be selected at intervals for filling an electric heating material or used for producing the oil shale.
EXAMPLE six
The method for producing oil shale by thermal fluid between the same well and the multi-stage fractured horizontal well provided by the invention is explained by combining with a specific embodiment.
Firstly, injecting fracturing fluid into a horizontal well to enable a reservoir to generate fracturing fractures, and selecting two groups of fracturing fractures from the generated fracturing fractures according to an interval sequence, for example, odd-numbered fractures are used as a first group of fracturing fractures, and even-numbered fractures are used as a second group of fracturing fractures. Wherein at least three stages of fracture need to be selected. The odd-numbered stages of cracks can be used as channels for flowing crude oil, and the even-numbered stages of cracks can be used as channels for injecting steam and flowing crude oil.
The tubing is then inserted into the casing such that an annular space is formed between the tubing and the casing. The annular space formed between the tubing and the casing serves as a passage for the injection of water vapor and a passage for the flow of crude oil to the wellhead. The oil pipe is used as a channel for crude oil to flow to a wellhead.
And taking out the oil pipe, arranging a valve at a corresponding position on the oil pipe according to requirements, perforating at a position on the oil pipe corresponding to the odd-level crack, and then putting the oil pipe and the casing pipe into the original position.
Water vapor is injected through even number stages of fractures. Wherein the temperature range of the water vapor may be 400 ℃ to 700 ℃.
After the steam is injected and the oil shale is cracked, oil and gas products flow into the oil pipe through the perforations corresponding to the odd-level cracks to be produced.
And stopping injecting the water vapor when the time length of injecting the water vapor reaches a first preset time length. The first preset duration may be specifically determined in the following manner: and detecting the oil gas product extraction rate, and when the oil gas product extraction rate is lower than the preset rate, determining that the time for injecting water vapor into the even-numbered stage cracks reaches a first preset time. The first preset time period may also be determined according to laboratory data, or determined according to empirical data, and the like.
And taking out the oil pipe, taking down the fittings such as a valve and the like arranged on the oil pipe, perforating the oil pipe position corresponding to the even-level crack, then putting the oil pipe into the original position, and then realizing oil extraction of all cracks simultaneously.
EXAMPLE seven
The process of producing oil shale by using thermal fluid between the same well seams of the multi-stage fractured horizontal well according to the embodiment of the invention is explained in detail with reference to fig. 6 to 8.
As shown in fig. 6, an oil pipe 3 and a casing 2 sleeved outside the oil pipe 3 are injected into a shaft of the fractured horizontal well 7, and an annular space 6 is formed between the oil pipe 3 and the casing 2.
And the pipeline corresponding to the even-level cracks 4 is provided with an injection allocation valve 8 (arranged at the sleeve 3) and an injection hole 9, and the pipeline corresponding to the odd-level cracks 5 is provided with an injection-production separation device 1 (corresponding to the perforation of the oil pipe 2 and arranged in the annular space 6).
Steam is injected through the annular space 6 and enters the even-numbered stages of cracks 4 after passing through the injection-production separation device 1 and the injection allocation valve 8. The steam injected into the even number of stages of fractures 4 will continue to heat the oil shale formation at this point.
After the injection of water vapor for a period of time, the oil shale begins to pyrolyze. As shown in fig. 7, the pyrolyzed hydrocarbon products may be produced by perforating the oil pipe 3 through the odd-numbered stages of fractures 5.
When the oil shale is pyrolyzed to a certain extent, the injection of water vapor may be stopped.
And then taking out the oil pipe, taking down the fittings such as a valve and the like arranged on the oil pipe, perforating the oil pipe position corresponding to the even-level crack, and then lowering the oil pipe to the original position. As shown in fig. 8, the pyrolyzed hydrocarbon products may be simultaneously produced from the perforations corresponding to the odd and even stages of fractures 5 and 4 into the tubing 3.
Example eight
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for exploiting the oil shale by the aid of the thermal fluid coupling catalyst between the same well fractures of the multi-stage fractured horizontal well. The specific steps of the method for exploiting the oil shale by the aid of the thermal fluid coupling catalyst between the same well fractures of the multi-stage fractured horizontal well provided by the embodiment of the invention are as follows.
Step 1: fracturing fluid is firstly adopted to fracture the shaft of the horizontal well in a staged way so as to form a plurality of cracks. And selecting a part of fractured fractures vertical to the horizontal well shaft from the plurality of fractures as a first group of fractured fractures, and selecting a part of fractured fractures vertical to the horizontal well shaft from the plurality of fractures as a second group of fractured fractures.
Wherein the fracturing fluid contains a catalyst for reducing the pyrolysis temperature of the oil shale. For example, the catalyst may be Fe2O3Or CoCl2·6H2O。
Step 2: and performing perforation on the oil pipe corresponding to the position of the first group of fracturing fractures.
And step 3: injecting steam into an annulus formed by the tubing and casing, the steam capable of being injected into the second set of fractured fractures.
And 4, step 4: and when the oil and gas products are monitored to be produced, opening an oil extraction valve at the wellhead of the horizontal well, and allowing the oil and gas products thermally decomposed in the oil shale formation to enter an oil pipe through the perforation corresponding to the first group of fracturing fractures and be produced.
And 5: stopping injecting the water vapor, taking out the oil pipe, taking down a valve arranged on the oil pipe, and then putting the oil pipe back to the original position. Oil and gas products formed by pyrolysis in the oil shale stratum can enter the oil pipe through the perforations corresponding to the first group of fracturing cracks to be extracted, and can also enter the oil pipe through the perforations corresponding to the first group of fracturing cracks to be extracted.
Compared with the scheme provided by the embodiment, the scheme provided by the embodiment provides that the fracturing fluid with the catalyst is adopted to perform staged fracturing on the horizontal well shaft, and in the fracturing process, the catalyst enters the inside of the oil shale layer along with the filtration loss of the fracturing fluid, so that the pyrolysis temperature of the oil shale is reduced, the heating process is shortened, and the recovery speed of the oil shale is improved.
The method for exploiting the oil shale by the aid of the thermal fluid coupling catalyst between the same well fractures of the multi-stage fractured horizontal well can be suitable for the condition that the distance of the fractures between the wells is large.
After the catalyst is added into the fracturing fluid, the pyrolysis temperature of the oil shale can be reduced through the catalyst, so that the temperature range of the required steam can be correspondingly reduced, and the specific temperature range can be determined according to the actual exploitation situation.
In addition, specific details and benefits of exploiting the oil shale by using the method for exploiting the oil shale by using the thermal fluid coupling catalyst between the same well fractures of the multi-stage fractured horizontal well provided by the embodiment of the invention can participate in the records related to the fifth embodiment to the seventh embodiment, and are not described herein again.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method of recovering oil shale, the method comprising:
fracturing the horizontal well shaft in a staged manner by using fracturing fluid to form a plurality of fracturing fractures vertical to the horizontal well shaft, wherein the fracturing fractures are divided into a first group of fracturing fractures and a second group of fracturing fractures;
perforating the tubing at locations corresponding to the first set of fractures and at locations corresponding to the second set of fractures;
filling the second set of fractured fractures with an electrically heated material via an annulus formed by the tubing and casing;
controlling the electric heating material to work to heat the oil shale; and
opening an oil extraction valve arranged at the wellhead of the horizontal well, allowing oil and gas products obtained by heating the oil shale to enter the annular space and enter the oil pipe through the perforations corresponding to the first group of fracturing fractures to be extracted,
wherein the fractures of the first set of fractured fractures are spaced apart from the fractures of the second set of fractured fractures.
2. A method for extracting oil shale, which is characterized in that,
fracturing the horizontal well shaft in a staged manner by using fracturing fluid to form a plurality of fracturing fractures vertical to the horizontal well shaft, wherein the fracturing fractures are divided into a first group of fracturing fractures and a second group of fracturing fractures, and the fracturing fluid contains a catalyst for reducing the pyrolysis temperature of the oil shale;
perforating the tubing at locations corresponding to the first set of fractures and at locations corresponding to the second set of fractures;
filling the second set of fractured fractures with an electrically heated material via an annulus formed by the tubing and casing;
controlling the electric heating material to work to heat the oil shale; and
opening an oil extraction valve arranged at the wellhead of the horizontal well, allowing oil and gas products obtained by heating the oil shale to enter the annular space and enter the oil pipe through the perforations corresponding to the first group of fracturing fractures to be extracted,
wherein the fractures of the first set of fractured fractures are spaced apart from the fractures of the second set of fractured fractures.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the catalyst is Fe2O3Or CoCl2·6H2O。
4. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the controlling the operation of the electrical heating material to heat the oil shale comprises:
electric heating wires are arranged under the wellhead of the horizontal well and distributed in the annular space; and
and supplying power to the electric heating wire through a power supply device so as to control the electric heating material kept in a preset temperature range to heat the oil shale.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the predetermined temperature range is 430 ℃ to 520 ℃.
6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
after the electric heating material works for a first time period, the oil production valve is opened, and the oil and gas products entering the annular space enter the oil pipe through the perforation holes corresponding to the first set of fracturing fractures to be produced; and
and the oil extraction valve is kept in an open state, after the electric heating material works for a second time period, the electric heating material is controlled to stop working, and the oil gas product entering the annular space enters the oil pipe through the perforation corresponding to the first group of fracturing fractures and the perforation corresponding to the second group of fracturing fractures to be extracted.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said controlling said electrically heated material to cease operation comprises:
controlling a power supply device to stop supplying power to the electric heating wire; and
and taking out the electric heating wire through the wellhead of the horizontal well.
8. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
arranging an injection-production separation device in the annular space corresponding to the first group of fracturing fractures, wherein the outer wall of the oil pipe and the inner wall of the casing pipe are used as supporting end surfaces of the injection-production separation device;
filling the electric heating material between two adjacent injection-production separation devices; and
and penetrating the electric heating wires through the injection-production separation device, wherein the electric heating wires are distributed in the annular space.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the voidage replacement partitioning apparatus comprises:
two packers; and
and the flow guide pipe is arranged between the two packers and communicated with the annular space.
10. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the spacing between the fractures is in the range of 15 to 30 meters.
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Application publication date: 20210618 |