CN112969211B - LoRa (loRa) ad hoc network method and system of network structure - Google Patents
LoRa (loRa) ad hoc network method and system of network structure Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
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- H04W40/248—Connectivity information update
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/22—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
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- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention relates to a LoRa self-networking method and system of a network structure, belonging to the technical field of communication, wherein the method comprises the steps that network access equipment sends network access requests step by step according to the route hierarchy sequence from top to bottom until the network access equipment receives network information distributed by a certain upper-level equipment; after the network access equipment receives the network information distributed by the upper-level equipment, reporting successfully-bound data to the upper-level equipment; and after receiving the reported data of the network access equipment, the upper-level equipment updates the routing table, and then reports the data to the direct upper-level equipment step by step according to the hierarchical sequence from bottom to top. When the network access equipment performs network access, the method ensures that the routing level after the network access of the equipment is as high as possible, increases the number of network access equipment with high level, namely a plurality of front-stage equipment share the task of data transmission together, has higher data transmission efficiency and good dynamic maintainability, and avoids the problems of large work load and low work efficiency caused by less front-stage equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a LoRa (local area network) ad hoc network method and system of a mesh structure.
Background
LoRa spread spectrum communication technology is widely applied to various industries as a low-power consumption long-distance communication mode. Common LoRa network structures are star networks and Mesh networks. Although the star network has a simple structure and small time delay, manual intervention is needed in the networking process, relay routing is absent, and the application scene is greatly limited; each node in the Mesh network can be used as a relay route, so that the transmission distance is increased, the full-automatic networking is realized, but the Mesh node needs to periodically send a beacon frame to maintain the network, and the power consumption of the equipment is greatly increased by taking the terminal node as the route, so that the Mesh network is not suitable for low-power-consumption equipment powered by a battery.
In the prior art, there is a LoRa network structure with a mesh structure, for example, a chinese patent application published under the number CN109041272a proposes a LoRa ad hoc network method, which implements automatic networking to a certain extent, but because the method needs to bind parent-child nodes from a later stage to a previous stage in sequence according to the order of node units, relay nodes, and relay units, after successful network access, once a previous stage device is abnormal, the later stage device originally belonging to the previous stage device can only be rebindled by other previous stage devices, if more abnormal previous stage devices occur, the workload of the rest previous stage devices is increased, and the data transmission efficiency is affected; in addition, the routing tables of all the devices are required to be uploaded to the master station, and the master station performs maintenance and management uniformly, so that the management burden of the master station is increased, and the networking method has the defects of low data transmission efficiency, poor dynamic maintainability of the network and inflexibility.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a LoRa (local area network) ad hoc network method and system with a mesh structure, which are used for solving the problem of low data transmission efficiency of the existing networking method.
Based on the above purpose, the technical scheme of the LoRa ad hoc network system with the mesh structure is as follows:
the system comprises a concentrator, a plurality of relay modules and terminal nodes, wherein LoRa communication modules are arranged in the concentrator, the relay modules and the terminal nodes and are used for realizing communication connection among the concentrator, the relay modules and the terminal nodes;
the concentrator and the relay module are divided into a plurality of route levels, the concentrator is a zero-level route, the level of the level is highest, the relay module is sequentially divided according to a communication level with the concentrator and a first-level route, a second-level route, … and an N-level route, and the level of the level is sequentially reduced;
when the relay module or the terminal node is used as network access equipment, the self-networking steps are as follows:
the network access equipment sends network access requests step by step according to the route hierarchy sequence from top to bottom until the network access equipment receives the network information distributed by a certain upper-level equipment, wherein the network information comprises a network number, a route hierarchy and a working channel, and if the network access equipment is a relay module, the network information also comprises a route number; the network number is set as the network number of the upper-level equipment, the routing hierarchy is set as the next level of the routing hierarchy of the upper-level equipment, and the routing number is set as the equipment number of the upper-level equipment management direct lower level;
when network access equipment receives network information distributed by upper equipment, binding the upper equipment according to signal intensity, and reporting successfully-bound data to the upper equipment, wherein if the network access equipment is a relay module, the reported data comprises a destination address, an equipment address, a network number, a routing hierarchy and a routing number; if the network access equipment is a terminal module, the reported data comprise a destination address and an equipment address;
after receiving the report data of the network access equipment, if the network access equipment is in the route number range managed by the upper equipment, updating a route table, and then reporting the report data to the direct upper equipment step by step according to the hierarchical sequence from bottom to top; if the network access equipment is not in the route number range managed by the upper-level equipment and the route information of the network access equipment is stored, the route information is deleted.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows:
when the network access equipment performs network access, the equipment preferentially selects the upper equipment with the route layer level to perform network access binding when the upper equipment has the receivable lower equipment management names according to the order from high to low of the route layer level, so that the route layer level of the equipment after network access is as high as possible, the link length of the route is reduced, and the data transmission efficiency is improved.
Further, in order to improve dynamic maintainability, the concentrator and the relay module manage respective routing tables, wherein the routing tables of the concentrator store:
a self network number;
the relay information of the direct lower level comprises a device address and a route number;
the route information of the terminal node managed by the concentrator comprises a direct lower-level equipment address and a terminal address of the concentrator;
the routing table of the relay module stores:
directly connecting to a superior device address;
the network information of the self comprises a network number, a routing hierarchy and a routing number;
the direct lower relay information comprises a device address and a route number;
and the route information of the terminal node managed by the relay module comprises a direct subordinate address and a terminal address of the relay module.
The effect is that: once the equipment in normal operation is off-network, networking can be automatically carried out, the concentrator and the relay modules do not need to upload respective routing tables to the master station, the master station does not need to maintain the routing tables, the concentrator and the relay modules independently manage the respective routing tables, dynamic updating can be carried out, and dynamic maintainability is stronger.
Further, if two or more upper devices belonging to the same hierarchy receive a network access request of a network access device, each upper device judges the remaining unassigned direct subordinate name, distributes network information after judging that the remaining unassigned direct subordinate name exists, distributes the network information according to a set time interval, distributes the distributed network information, and the network access device selects one of the upper devices and reports the successfully bound data.
The effect is as follows: the problems of possible data transmission congestion, abnormality and the like caused by the fact that the superior equipment simultaneously transmits network information are avoided.
Further, the network information also comprises signal intensity, wherein the signal intensity is the signal intensity of the communication between the network access equipment and the superior equipment; after the network access device receives the network information distributed by two or more superior devices belonging to the same level, the superior device with the strongest corresponding signal is selected according to the signal strength, and the successfully bound data is reported.
The effect is as follows: the superior equipment with better communication quality can be selected for binding on the basis of ensuring that superior equipment with a route layer level is bound as much as possible, and the stability of data transmission is improved.
Further, after receiving the successful data reported by the network access device, the upper device calculates the route number range managed by the upper device according to the route number of the upper device, the level difference between the upper device and the network access device and the number of the direct lower relay allowed to be connected, and judges whether the route number of the network access device is in the route number range managed by the upper device, if so, the route table is stored; if not, and the routing table is stored, deleting the routing table;
in the process that the upper-level equipment reports the direct upper-level equipment step by step, after other indirect upper-level equipment receives the reported data, according to the route number of the upper-level equipment, the level difference between the upper-level equipment reporting the data and the indirect upper-level equipment receiving the data and the number of the indirect upper-level equipment allowed to be connected with the direct lower-level relay, the route number range managed by the indirect upper-level equipment is calculated, whether the route number of the upper-level equipment is in the route number range managed by the other indirect upper-level equipment is judged, if not, a route table of related equipment is stored, and the route table is deleted.
The effect is as follows: when the network access device reports data to the direct superior device, other unrelated superior devices can update the routing information (delete), so that the whole network can update the routing information (store or delete) in real time. When the next device in the system reports any data, all the devices received in the network update the routing information according to the reported data.
Specifically, the calculation formula of the route number range managed by the upper device or the non-direct upper device is as follows:
N C ×B～N C ×B+N C -1
wherein N is the number of the upper level devices or the indirect upper level devices which allow the connection of the direct lower level relays, and C represents the difference of the levels, and is the difference of the levels between the upper level devices and the network access devices or the difference of the levels between the upper level devices and the indirect upper level devices which receive the data; b is the self route number of the superior device or the non-direct superior device.
Further, if the network access device is a relay module and the relay module is successful in network access, if the relay module has a direct lower relay, the route information of the lower relay module in the route table is updated at the same time when the route table is updated, so that the lower relay module timely notifies the other party of updating the route information in the route table, including the network number, the route hierarchy and the route number, when reporting data.
The effect is as follows: the relay module which is convenient for successful network access automatically manages the lower route, and realizes the automatic maintenance of the network.
Further, if the network access equipment is a terminal node, the concentrator reports the master station after receiving the binding information; if the network access equipment is a relay module, the network access information of the relay module does not need to be reported to the master station.
The effect is as follows: simplifying the networking logic of a master station, and when the master station operates a certain terminal node, searching a concentrator corresponding to the terminal node and sending a corresponding instruction.
Based on the above purpose, the technical scheme of the LoRa ad hoc network method of the network structure is as follows:
the network access equipment sends network access requests step by step according to the route hierarchy sequence from top to bottom until the network access equipment receives the network information distributed by a certain upper-level equipment, wherein the network information comprises a network number, a route hierarchy and a working channel, and if the network access equipment is a relay module, the network information also comprises a route number; the network number is set as the network number of the upper-level equipment, the routing hierarchy is set as the next level of the routing hierarchy of the upper-level equipment, and the routing number is set as the equipment number of the upper-level equipment management direct lower level;
when network access equipment receives network information distributed by upper equipment, binding the upper equipment according to signal intensity, reporting successfully-bound data to the upper equipment, and if the network access equipment relay module is used, the reported data comprises a destination address, an equipment address, a network number, a routing hierarchy and a routing number; if the network access equipment is a terminal node, the reported data comprise a destination address and an equipment address;
after receiving the report data of the network access equipment, if the network access equipment is in the route number range managed by the upper equipment, updating a route table, and then reporting the report data to the direct upper equipment step by step according to the hierarchical sequence from bottom to top; if the network access equipment is not in the route number range managed by the upper-level equipment and the route information of the network access equipment is stored, deleting the route information;
the setting mode of the routing hierarchy sequence is as follows: the concentrator and the relay module are divided into a plurality of route levels, the concentrator is in zero-level route, the level of the level is highest, the relay module is sequentially divided according to the communication level with the concentrator and the level of the level is sequentially reduced according to the first-level route, the second-level route, … and the N-level route.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows:
when the network access equipment performs network access, the equipment preferentially selects the upper equipment with the route layer level to perform network access binding when the upper equipment has the receivable lower equipment management names according to the order from high to low of the route layer level, so that the route layer level of the equipment after network access is as high as possible, the link length of the route is reduced, and the data transmission efficiency is improved.
Further, the concentrator and the relay module manage respective routing tables, wherein the routing tables of the concentrator store:
a self network number;
the relay information of the direct lower level comprises a device address and a route number;
the route information of the terminal node managed by the concentrator comprises a direct lower-level equipment address and a terminal address of the concentrator;
the routing table of the relay module stores:
directly connecting to a superior device address;
the network information of the self comprises a network number, a routing hierarchy and a routing number;
the direct lower relay information comprises a device address and a route number;
and the route information of the terminal node managed by the relay module comprises a direct subordinate address and a terminal address of the relay module.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a LoRa ad hoc network system of the mesh structure of system embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method class of LoRa ad hoc networks in an embodiment of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention further with reference to the drawings.
System example 1:
the network structure LoRa ad hoc network system as shown in FIG. 1 comprises a concentrator module, a plurality of relay modules and terminal nodes in terms of hardware, wherein the concentrator (for short, the concentrator module) comprises a processor and two LoRa communication modules, and the processor is respectively connected with the two LoRa communication modules and is used for communicating with the relay modules or the terminal nodes.
Similarly, each relay module also includes a processor and two LoRa communication modules, the processor being connected to the two LoRa communication modules, respectively, for communicating with the concentrator, other relay modules, or end nodes.
The terminal node (terminal for short) comprises a processor and a LoRa communication module, and the processor is in communication connection with the LoRa communication module and is used for communicating with the concentrator module or the relay module. In addition, the processor of each terminal node is further provided with a communication interface, which is used for being in communication connection with terminal equipment such as a metering instrument (water meter, gas meter and the like) to acquire the acquired data of the metering instrument.
In the system, the concentrator and the relay module are divided into a plurality of layers, namely a routing layer, the concentrator is singly a layer, namely a zero-level route, the relay module is sequentially divided into a first-level route, a second-level route and a third-level route according to a communication layer with the concentrator, the relay module on each level of route is called as a first-level relay, a second-level relay and a third-level relay, as shown in figure 1, wherein the first-level relay is in uplink communication with the concentrator, the downlink is in communication with the second-level relay and the terminal node, the second-level relay is in uplink communication with the first-level relay, and the downlink is in communication … … with the third-level relay and the terminal node.
And, because the concentrator and each relay module have two LoRa communication modules, one is in the working channel and the other is in the network access default channel.
In the system, the automatic networking is realized by utilizing the mutual coordination of the concentrator, the relay module and the terminal node, and the specific ad hoc networking method comprises the following steps:
the network access device (relay node or terminal) uses a network access default channel to send network access requests step by step in a data frame mode according to a hierarchical sequence from top to bottom until network information distributed to the network access device by a certain upper device (concentrator or relay) is received, wherein the network information comprises a network number, a routing hierarchy, a routing number (no such item is provided by the terminal node), a working channel and signal strength.
The network number is set as the network number of the superior device, the routing hierarchy is set as the next layer level of the routing hierarchy of the superior device, the routing number is set as the device number of the superior device management direct lower level, the working channel is the channel used when the networking is successful and normally working, and the signal strength is the signal strength of the communication between the network access device and the superior device.
After the network access equipment receives the upper-level distributed network information, the upper-level equipment is bound according to the signal intensity, and the successfully bound data is reported to the upper-level equipment. The relay module reports data comprising a destination address, a device address, a network number, a routing hierarchy and a routing number; the terminal node reports data including a destination address and a device address.
After receiving the binding information (i.e. reporting data) of the network access equipment, if the network access equipment is in the managed route number range, updating the route information, and then reporting the binding information step by step to directly connect with the upper equipment according to the hierarchical sequence from bottom to top; if the route number is not in the managed route number range and the route information of the network access equipment is stored, the route information is deleted.
In the system, the concentrator and the relay module manage the respective routing tables, the terminal node stores the network information of the self equipment and the information of the direct superior equipment, and the routing tables of the modules store the following information:
(1) For the concentrator, its routing table stores: own network number, direct lower relay information (including device address, route number), and route information of the terminal node managed by the same (including direct lower address of concentrator, terminal address).
(2) For the relay module, the routing table stores: the device address of the directly upper level, own network information (including network number, routing hierarchy and routing number), directly lower level relay information (including device address and routing number) and the routing information of the terminal node managed by the same (including directly lower level address and terminal address of the relay module).
For example, in fig. 1, relay 0 stores own network information (network number, route hierarchy is one-level route, route number is 0), address of directly upper level (concentrator), address of directly lower level relays 3, 4, 5, route number (0, 1, 2 in order); and routing information of terminal 1 (relay 3 address, terminal 1 address), routing information of terminal 2 (relay 3 address, terminal 2 address), routing information of terminal 3 (relay 3 address, terminal 3 address).
(3) For the terminal node, the routing table only needs to store the device address of the directly upper level.
Taking the example that the relay 5 in fig. 1 is re-networked as a networking device after being off-line, the networking flow of the relay 5 is introduced as follows:
the relay 5 firstly broadcasts a data frame for sending a network access request, the request information comprises a routing hierarchy of the concentrator, if the concentrator receives the request information, and the concentrator has redundant direct lower levels which can be distributed, namely, direct lower levels are not full (for example, at most 4 direct lower levels), as shown in fig. 1, the direct lower levels of the concentrator only have 3, and the name of one direct lower level is not distributed, therefore, the network information of the relay 5 is distributed and issued, and after the relay 5 receives the request information, the binding information of successful network access is reported.
If the concentrator is full, the relay 5 does not respond to any information, or the communication fails due to reasons such as communication distance, the relay 5 does not receive network information sent by the concentrator within a set time, a network access request is sent to the first-stage relay, the request comprises a route hierarchy of the first-stage relay, if three first-stage relays in fig. 1 can receive the network access request information, each first-stage relay judges the remaining unassigned direct subordinate names of the relay, the relay 0 still leaves one direct subordinate name, the relay 1 still leaves three direct subordinate names, and the relay 2 still leaves one direct subordinate name.
If each level of relay judges whether the residual unassigned direct subordinate name exists or not, if so, the relay allocates network information for the relay 5, and the relay distributes the allocated network information for the relay according to the set time window network information, such as the relay 0 at the time t 1; relay 1 issues network information allocated thereto at time (t1+Δt), and relay 2 issues network information allocated thereto at time (t1+2Δt).
The three primary relay allocated network information are different from each other, for example, the route number set in the network information allocated by the relay 0 is 2, the route number set in the network information allocated by the relay 1 is 5, and the route number set in the network information allocated by the relay 2 is 11.
After the relay 5 receives the network information distributed by the three primary relays, the relay 5 preferentially binds one superior device according to the signal intensity in each network information and reports the binding information. For example, the relay 5 compares the signal intensities in the three network information, and if the comparison result is that the signal intensity of the network information allocated by the relay 0 is strongest, the relay 0 is selected as the direct superior device to be bound, and the binding information is reported.
After receiving the binding information (i.e. reporting data), the superior device judges according to the binding information, and judges whether the route number of the relay 5 is within the route number range managed by the superior device, if so, the routing table is updated, and the related route information is stored in the routing table; if not, deleting the routing table. For example, if each of the relay 0, the relay 1, and the relay 2 receives the binding information broadcast by the relay 5, the route number of the relay 5 is 2, the route number range of the immediate lower stage managed by the relay 0 is 0 to 3, the route number range of the immediate lower stage managed by the relay 1 is 4 to 7, and the route number range of the immediate lower stage managed by the relay 2 is 8 to 11, and since the route number of the relay 5 is within the route number range managed by the relay 0 and is not within the route number ranges managed by the relay 1 and the relay 2, the relay 0 updates the route table, and the relay 1 and the relay 2 delete the relevant route table information.
For the update of the routing table, there are two cases:
1. if the relay is successful in network access, if it does not have a direct lower relay, if the relay 5 does not have a direct lower relay, the route information of the relay 5 is only required to be updated in the route table updated by the relay 0.
2. If the secondary relay which successfully accesses the network is the relay 3, the relay 3 has a direct lower relay, namely a relay 10 and a relay 11, and the two relay modules are in normal communication with the relay 3; when the relay 3 updates the routing table, the information (including the device address, the routing number) of the directly lower relay 10 and the relay 11 is updated in addition to the routing information of the relay 3 itself. This is because if the hierarchical level of the relay 3 at the time of last network access is one-level relay, the relay becomes a two-level relay after this network access, and the direct lower level thereof also causes a change in the hierarchical level, that is, the relay 10 and the relay 11 are each lowered by one hierarchical level, and become three-level relays.
In practice, when the route number of the relay 3 is changed, the route number of the lower device is also changed, and reassignment is also required. Therefore, when the relay 3 updates the route, the routes in the relay 10 and the relay 11 are not updated yet, and the route hierarchy of the relay 10 and the relay 11 is not known to change, but since the relay 10 and the relay 11 can normally communicate with the relay 3, when the relay 10 and the relay 11 transmit communication data to the relay 3, the relay 3 transmits the respective network information to the relay 10 and the relay 11, and notifies the relay 10 and the relay 11 of updating the route table.
Therefore, in this embodiment, if the relay is directly connected to the network after successful connection, the route information of the lower relay is updated at the same time, so that when the lower relay reports data, the opposite party is notified to update the route information (such as route hierarchy and route number) in the route table.
In this embodiment, the routing information in each level of device is updated in real time, and when the terminal node and the relay report data, the upper level device continues to forward to the upper level device after receiving the information, so as to ensure real-time update of the routing. When the relay reports data, the ACK data replied by the upper-level equipment contains network information which is redistributed to the lower-level relay, so that the condition that the network information of the lower-level relay is inconsistent after the upper-level relay is re-connected is prevented.
In this embodiment, the repeater periodically reports the heartbeat for network maintenance, and if the upper device does not receive the heartbeat frame of the lower relay in more than 2 heartbeat periods, it determines that the device is off-network, and the routing number of the device may be reassigned to other devices.
In this embodiment, the heartbeat frame of the relay module includes the upper-level target address, the own device address, and the network information (including the network number, the routing level number, and the routing number), so that the routing table can be updated after other devices receive the heartbeat frame. To reduce power consumption, a longer heartbeat period may be set, such as 5 hours, with the device reporting heartbeats at random times within 5 hours.
And, the concentrator or the repeater (i.e. the relay module) determines that the terminal node is off-network when the reported data of the terminal node is not received for a long time, such as 10 days. And after the terminal node and the relay report the data for many times, the network needs to be re-accessed when the upper-level reply is not received.
In this embodiment, when the terminal node and the relay report data, other devices, such as each indirect upper device, may also receive the data sent by the terminal node or the relay, and after receiving the report data of the lower device, the other devices (the concentrator or the relay) may calculate the route number range managed in the lower route hierarchy according to the route level difference C and the own route number B, where the calculation formula is as follows:
N C ×B～N C ×B+N C -1
wherein:
j, route progression;
c, reporting the route level difference between the equipment and the equipment;
b-self route number;
n—the number of allowed directly subordinate relays.
Taking a maximum of 4 directly lower relays as an example (i.e., n=4, and the other cases are similar), the algorithm for reporting data by the terminal 4 to perform the above calculation formula is illustrated by way of example:
the relay 6 reports the binding information of the terminal 4 to the upper level after receiving the binding information, wherein the reported data contains the information of the relay 6, namely the route level J 6 =2, route number B 6 =4. If the relay 2 receives the information sent by the relay 6, the relay 2 routes the number of stages J 2 =1, route number B 2 =2, then the number of routing levels of relays 2 and 6 is c=j 6 -J 2 =1, relay 2 has a lower route number range of 4 managed at route level 2 C ×B 2 ～4 C ×B 2 +4 C 1, i.e. 8-11, whereas B6 is not within this range, relay 2 should delete or invalidate if there is routing information for relay 6 or terminal 4.
When the relay 1 receives the information transmitted by the relay 6, the lower-level route number range managed by the relay 1 is calculated to be 4 to 7 according to the above equation, and the route information is updated. In addition, if the network access device reports the successfully bound data, other devices may also determine the management routing range according to the above formula, for example, determine whether the routing number of the relay 5 in fig. 1 is within the routing number range managed by the upper device.
In this embodiment, if the network access device is a terminal node, the concentrator reports the binding information to the master station; the network access information of the relay module does not need to report to the master station.
In the system, the concentrator and the relay and the terminal of each level subordinate thereof belong to the same local area network (namely a network system), so that the concentrator and the relay and the terminal of each level subordinate thereof have the same network number, the network number is distributed by the master station, and other concentrator and the relay and the terminal of each level subordinate thereof are also present in other local area networks, and uniformly adopt other network numbers which are not the same as the network number of the system.
The master station can communicate with the concentrators of all network systems, if the master station wants to operate a certain terminal node in the system, as the concentrator and the relay module in the system manage the own routing tables, when the master station operates the corresponding terminal node, the master station can find the corresponding concentrator according to the routing information of the terminal node and send instructions to the corresponding concentrator.
In the system, the maximum communication layer of the relay is divided into 15 stages, and as other implementation modes, other communication layers can be adopted, and the relay can be automatically divided according to the self-networking condition of the relay.
The system has the advantages that:
(1) The data transmission efficiency is high.
When the off-network equipment re-enters the network, the equipment preferentially selects the upper-level equipment with the routing layer level to perform network-entering binding when the upper-level equipment has the receivable lower-level equipment management names according to the sequence from high to low of the routing layer level, so that the routing layer level of the equipment after network-entering is as high as possible, the link length during communication is reduced, and the data transmission efficiency is improved.
(2) The dynamic maintainability of the network system is strong.
Once the equipment in normal operation is off-network, networking can be automatically performed, the concentrator and the relay modules do not need to upload the respective routing tables to the master station, the master station does not need to maintain the routing tables, the concentrator and the relay modules independently manage the respective routing tables, dynamic updating can be performed, and dynamic maintainability is high.
System example 2:
the LoRa ad hoc network system in this embodiment is different from the ad hoc network system described in system embodiment 1 in that, in terms of hardware implementation, the terminal node and the metering device in system embodiment 1 are two hardware modules, and the terminal node in this system is the metering device, in which a LoRa communication module is integrated, that is, the processor of the metering device is communicatively connected to a LoRa communication module, and the metering device is used as the terminal node, and other relay modules and concentrators implement ad hoc network.
Method embodiment:
the embodiment provides a LoRa ad hoc network method of a mesh structure, the whole flow is shown in fig. 2, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) The network access equipment uses a network access default channel to transmit network access request data frames step by step, namely, firstly, the network access request data frames are transmitted to the concentrator; if the network access fails, the network access request is sent to the first-level relay, if the network access request fails, the network access request is sent to the second-level relay, and the like.
2) After the concentrator receives the network access request frame sent by the equipment, if the direct lower level is not full (at most 4 direct lower level relays and 1000 direct lower level terminal nodes), the concentrator issues distributed network information in a time-sharing way; and after receiving the network access request frame, a certain level of relay below the concentrator distributes distributed network information in a time-sharing way. If the equipment requesting network access is a relay, the network information comprises a network number, a route series, a route number (the serial number of the route of the series), a working channel and signal strength; if the equipment requesting network access is a terminal node, the network information comprises a network number, an upper-level equipment address, a working channel and signal strength.
3) And after receiving the upper-level distributed network information, the network access equipment preferentially binds the upper level according to the signal strength and reports the successful binding of the upper level. The relay module reports data comprising a destination address, a device address, a network number, a routing hierarchy and a routing number; the terminal module may report data only including the destination address and the device address. And if the relay is successful in network access, if the relay has a direct lower relay, the route information of the lower relay is updated at the same time, so that when the lower relay reports data, the other party is informed of updating the route information in the route table in time.
4) After receiving the binding information, the direct upper-level equipment of the network access equipment stores the routing information and reports the routing information step by step to the direct upper-level equipment;
in the method, if the network access equipment is a terminal node, the concentrator reports the master station after receiving the binding information; and if the concentrator receives the networking information of the relay module, the concentrator does not need to report the master station.
And after successful network access, communication of a service layer, namely communication between a master station and a terminal node, is carried out, and the concentrator and the repeater are utilized to carry out transparent forwarding of data.
Specifically, the uplink data transmission process is as follows:
when the terminal node reports data (transparent transmission data), the data is only reported to a direct upper level, and the reported content comprises a target address, a terminal address and transparent transmission data; if the upper relay is a relay, after the upper relay receives the data, the upper relay is transmitted thoroughly, and the transmission frame comprises a target address, relay information, a terminal address and transmission data, wherein the relay information comprises a relay address, a network number, a route progression and a route number; if the upper device is a concentrator, the concentrator reports the transparent data to the master station.
For example, the reporting data flow of the terminal 4 in fig. 1 is as follows:
(1) The terminal 4 reports data in the format of 'relay 6 address + terminal 4 address + transparent transmission data';
(2) After receiving the message, the relay 6 replies an ACK (acknowledgement message), updates a routing table, and reports the routing table to the upper level, wherein the reporting format is 'relay 1 address + relay 6 information + terminal 4 address + transparent transmission data';
(3) After receiving the message, the relay 1 replies an ACK, updates a routing table, and reports the message to the concentrator in the format of 'concentrator address + relay 1 message + terminal 4 address + transparent transmission data';
(4) After the concentrator receives the information, the information is returned to ACK, the routing table is updated, and the information is reported to the master station (or transmitted to the serial port).
After receiving the data reported by the relay 6 and the relay 1, other nodes update the routing table according to the relay information and the terminal address carried by the relay 6 and the relay 1.
The downlink data transmission process is as follows:
when the master station operates the terminal node, the concentrator is selected to issue step by step according to the route information, for example, the master station issues the route to the concentrator, and the concentrator issues the route to a lower level after receiving the route information, or directly issues the route information to the terminal node; the repeater processing is the same as the concentrator. When the direct upper-level forwarding downlink data of the terminal node, firstly, a wake-up frame is sent to wake up the terminal node, and then the downlink data is forwarded.
For example, when the master station operates the terminal 4, the data transmission flow is as follows:
(1) The main station issues an instruction to the concentrator;
(2) The concentrator receives the ACK data and then forwards the ACK data to the relay 1, wherein the content comprises a relay 1 address, a terminal 4 address and transparent transmission data;
(3) The relay 1 receives the ACK data and then forwards the ACK data to the relay 6, wherein the content comprises a relay 6 address, a terminal 4 address and transparent transmission data;
(4) The relay 6 receives the ACK data and then sends a wake-up frame;
(5) The relay 6 forwards the data to the terminal 4;
(6) The terminal 4 returns the instruction execution result to the relay 6.
Since the method is the ad hoc network method described in the system embodiment, the method has been clearly and completely described in the system embodiment 1, and thus the description of this embodiment is omitted.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The LoRa ad hoc network system of the network structure is characterized by comprising a concentrator, a plurality of relay modules and terminal nodes, wherein the concentrator, the relay modules and the terminal nodes are all provided with LoRa communication modules for realizing communication connection among the concentrator, the relay modules and the terminal nodes;
the concentrator and the relay module are divided into a plurality of route levels, the concentrator is a zero-level route, the level of the level is highest, the relay module is sequentially divided according to a first-level route, a second-level route, … and an N-level route according to the communication level with the concentrator, and the level of the level is sequentially reduced;
when the relay module or the terminal node is used as network access equipment, the self-networking steps are as follows:
the network access equipment sends network access requests step by step according to the route hierarchy sequence from top to bottom until the network access equipment receives the network information distributed by a certain upper-level equipment, wherein the network information comprises a network number, a route hierarchy and a working channel, and if the network access equipment is a relay module, the network information also comprises a route number; the network number is set as the network number of the upper-level equipment, the routing hierarchy is set as the next level of the routing hierarchy of the upper-level equipment, and the routing number is set as the equipment number of the upper-level equipment management direct lower level;
after the network access equipment receives the network information distributed by the upper-level equipment, binding the upper-level equipment according to the signal strength, and reporting the successfully-bound data to the upper-level equipment; if the network access equipment is a relay module, the reported data comprise a destination address, an equipment address, a network number, a routing hierarchy and a routing number; if the network access equipment is a terminal module, the reported data comprise a destination address and an equipment address;
after receiving the report data of the network access equipment, if the network access equipment is in the route number range managed by the upper equipment, updating a route table, and then reporting the report data to the direct upper equipment step by step according to the hierarchical sequence from bottom to top; if the network access equipment is not in the route number range managed by the upper-level equipment and the route information of the network access equipment is stored, the route information is deleted.
2. The meshed LoRa ad hoc network system of claim 1, wherein the concentrator and the relay module manage respective routing tables, wherein the routing tables of the concentrator store:
a self network number;
the relay information of the direct lower level comprises a device address and a route number;
the route information of the terminal node managed by the concentrator comprises a direct lower-level equipment address and a terminal address of the concentrator;
the routing table of the relay module stores:
directly connecting to a superior device address;
the network information of the self comprises a network number, a routing hierarchy and a routing number;
the direct lower relay information comprises a device address and a route number;
and the route information of the terminal node managed by the relay module comprises a direct subordinate address and a terminal address of the relay module.
3. The network structure of claim 1, wherein if two or more superior devices belonging to the same hierarchy each receive a request for network access from a network access device, each superior device determines a remaining unassigned direct subordinate name, assigns network information after determining that there is a remaining unassigned direct subordinate name, and distributes the assigned network information at a set time interval, and the network access device selects one of the superior devices and reports successfully-bound data.
4. The network of claim 3, wherein the network information further comprises a signal strength, the signal strength being a signal strength of the network access device in communication with the superordinate device; after the network access device receives the network information distributed by two or more superior devices belonging to the same level, the superior device with the strongest corresponding signal is selected according to the signal strength, and the successfully bound data is reported.
5. The network structure of claim 2, wherein after the upper device receives the data of successful network access reported by the network access device, the upper device calculates the route number range managed by the upper device according to the level difference between the upper device and the network access device and the number of the directly lower relay allowed to be connected, and judges whether the route number of the network access device is in the route number range managed by the upper device, if so, the routing table is stored; if not, and the routing table is stored, deleting the routing table; in the process that the upper-level equipment reports the direct upper-level equipment step by step, after other indirect upper-level equipment receives the reported data, according to the route number of the upper-level equipment, the level difference between the upper-level equipment reporting the data and the indirect upper-level equipment receiving the data and the number of the indirect upper-level equipment allowed to be connected with the direct lower-level relay, the route number range managed by the indirect upper-level equipment is calculated, whether the route number of the upper-level equipment is in the route number range managed by the other indirect upper-level equipment is judged, if not, a route table of related equipment is stored, and the route table is deleted.
6. The network-structured LoRa ad hoc network system of claim 5, wherein the routing number range managed by the upper level device or the non-direct upper level device is calculated as follows:
N C ×B～N C ×B+N C -1
wherein N is the number of the upper level devices or the indirect upper level devices which allow the connection of the direct lower level relays, and C represents the difference of the levels, and is the difference of the levels between the upper level devices and the network access devices or the difference of the levels between the upper level devices and the indirect upper level devices which receive the data; b is the self route number of the superior device or the non-direct superior device.
7. The network structure of claim 2, wherein if the network access device is a relay module, and if the relay module has a direct lower relay after successful network access, the route information of the lower relay module in the route table is updated at the same time when the route table is updated, so that when the lower relay module reports data, the opposite party is informed of updating the route information in the route table in time, including the network number, the route hierarchy and the route number.
8. The network system of claim 2, wherein if the network access device is a terminal node, the concentrator reports the binding information to the master station; if the network access equipment is a relay module, the network access information of the relay module does not need to be reported to the master station.
9. A method for the LoRa ad hoc networking of a mesh structure, the method being based on the steps of:
the network access equipment sends network access requests step by step according to the route hierarchy sequence from top to bottom until the network access equipment receives the network information distributed by a certain upper-level equipment, wherein the network information comprises a network number, a route hierarchy and a working channel, and if the network access equipment is a relay module, the network information also comprises a route number; the network number is set as the network number of the upper-level equipment, the routing hierarchy is set as the next level of the routing hierarchy of the upper-level equipment, and the routing number is set as the equipment number of the upper-level equipment management direct lower level;
when network access equipment receives network information distributed by upper equipment, binding the upper equipment according to signal intensity, and reporting successfully-bound data to the upper equipment, wherein if the network access equipment is a relay module, the reported data comprises a destination address, an equipment address, a network number, a routing hierarchy and a routing number; if the network access equipment is a terminal node, the reported data comprise a destination address and an equipment address;
after receiving the report data of the network access equipment, if the network access equipment is in the route number range managed by the upper equipment, updating a route table, and then reporting the report data to the direct upper equipment step by step according to the hierarchical sequence from bottom to top; if the network access equipment is not in the route number range managed by the upper-level equipment and the route information of the network access equipment is stored, deleting the route information;
the setting mode of the routing hierarchy sequence is as follows: the concentrator and the relay module are divided into a plurality of route levels, the concentrator is in zero-level route, the level of the level is highest, the relay module is sequentially divided according to the communication level with the concentrator and the level of the level is sequentially reduced according to the first-level route, the second-level route, … and the N-level route.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the concentrator and the relay module manage respective routing tables, and wherein the routing tables of the concentrator store:
a self network number;
the relay information of the direct lower level comprises a device address and a route number;
the route information of the terminal node managed by the concentrator comprises a direct lower-level equipment address and a terminal address of the concentrator;
the routing table of the relay module stores:
directly connecting to a superior device address;
the network information of the self comprises a network number, a routing hierarchy and a routing number;
the direct lower relay information comprises a device address and a route number;
and the route information of the terminal node managed by the relay module comprises a direct subordinate address and a terminal address of the relay module.
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