CN112945867A - Reflection type gray scale test card measuring system and method - Google Patents
Reflection type gray scale test card measuring system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112945867A CN112945867A CN202110148477.4A CN202110148477A CN112945867A CN 112945867 A CN112945867 A CN 112945867A CN 202110148477 A CN202110148477 A CN 202110148477A CN 112945867 A CN112945867 A CN 112945867A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/255—Details, e.g. use of specially adapted sources, lighting or optical systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/4738—Diffuse reflection, e.g. also for testing fluids, fibrous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/4738—Diffuse reflection, e.g. also for testing fluids, fibrous materials
- G01N21/474—Details of optical heads therefor, e.g. using optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/90—Determination of colour characteristics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30108—Industrial image inspection
- G06T2207/30121—CRT, LCD or plasma display
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
Abstract
The invention discloses a reflective gray scale test card measuring system and a method, comprising a light source system, a collimation system, a corner system and a receiver, wherein the collimation system is an optical track, the light source system and a sample frame are arranged on the optical track and are on the same straight line, and a diaphragm is arranged between the light source system and the sample frame; the corner system 45/0 is a corner platform for geometric measurement conditions, and is used for controlling the rotation of the measurement wall and the sample holder; the receiver is a spectral radiometer arranged on the measuring wall; a collimator is additionally arranged around the halogen lamp as a light source, and a double-shaft stepping motor and a PCI test card which is arranged in a microcomputer and is based on a PCI interface are adopted to realize the automatic control of an 45/0 corner system; the standard white board with known standard value is used as standard, and the reflection-type optical density contactless measurement is realized by using a relative measurement method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gray scale test card parameter testing, in particular to a reflective gray scale test card measuring system and method.
Background
Nowadays, people enter the screen era, and people are handed over with various screens every day, watch television at home, watch mobile phones when going out, and face computers in units. With the development of display technology, the pixels of various electronic screens are higher and higher, and the original purpose of the electronic screens cannot be seen. But if we look carefully, we can see the end through the LED advertising screens on each big square. It is not a whole block but is composed of a block of luminous points. Generally, a dot, i.e., a pixel, on a liquid crystal display panel is composed of three primary colors of red, green, and blue (RGB). The light source behind each primary color may exhibit different brightness levels. And the gray scale represents the gradation level of different brightness from the darkest to the brightest. The most common principle of color storage is to divide the changing level of each color of three primary colors from pure color to black into gray levels of colors and to express the gray levels by numbers. The more the intermediate levels are, the more exquisite the picture effect can be presented.
The gray scale test card is a test graphic card tool for detecting the fineness of images, and is used for distinguishing the quality of images shot by different scanners or digital camera products. The currently used gray scale test cards can be classified into transmission type gray scale test cards or reflection type gray scale test cards according to the principle, and can be classified into 20-order gray scale test cards, 11-order gray scale test cards and the like according to the order.
As a unique tool for detecting the fineness of the image, the quality of the gray scale test card plays a decisive role in evaluating the product quality of a scanner or a digital camera. At present, the parameter indexes of the gray-scale test card in the industry have no unified measurement standard, and the product evaluation systems are inconsistent, which is very unfavorable for the development of the digital camera industry.
The traditional method uses a reflection densitometer to measure the optical density, but the method is contact measurement, a reflection gray scale test card is formed by spraying special materials on a piece of drawing according to different thicknesses and concentrations, and the traditional contact measurement can leave marks on the measurement surface to destroy the performance of the measurement surface. In addition, the area of each image on the reflection type gray scale test card is too small, the measurement port of the reflection type densitometer is generally larger and cannot be matched with the reflection type gray scale test card, and a special customized small hole base is needed, so that the measurement cost is increased. Or after the computer is matched with color, each step of image is printed on a piece of drawing with a larger area, the optical density of each step is measured by a reflection-type densitometer and then is printed on the same drawing in a concentrated manner, but the method can only set the factory value and cannot carry out calibration in the later period.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a reflective gray scale test card measurement system and method, which can perform non-contact measurement on the optical density of a reflective gray scale test card, and is used to evaluate the quality of the gray scale test card by processing and analyzing the measurement data. The technical scheme is as follows:
a measuring method of a reflection type gray scale test card comprises the following steps:
s1: building reflection type gray scale test card test platform
1) Installing a light source system and a sample rack on one optical track, and ensuring that the light source system and the sample rack are on the same straight line; a diaphragm is arranged between the light source system and the sample holder, so that light can clearly irradiate on a sample to be measured;
2) constructing a corner system with 45/0 geometric measurement conditions, and controlling the rotation of the measurement wall and the sample holder to form an included angle of 45 degrees with the optical track;
3) a spectral spectroradiometer is arranged on the measuring wall and is used as a receiving unit for receiving optical signals reflected by the reflective gray scale test card to be tested and the standard white board;
s2: by the test platform of the reflective gray scale test card, the reflective gray scale test card to be tested is measuredLuminance value L1And the brightness value L of the standard white board2；
S3: calculating the light reflection factor R of the reflective gray scale test card to be tested;
wherein R isSIs the light reflection factor of a known standard whiteboard;
s4: calculating the reflection density D of the reflection type gray scale test card to be tested: d ═ log R.
Further, the S2 specifically includes: adjusting the height of the sample to be measured by using a laser collimator to enable the axis of the optical axis of the sample and the axis of the optical rail to be in the same horizontal plane; aiming at the center of a standard white board or a reflective gray scale test card through an ocular of a spectral spectroradiometer, observing and adjusting the ocular and an objective at the same time, so that an aperture diaphragm in the instrument is clearly visible, and the surface of a measured target is imaged clearly; after the instrument is preheated, adjusting the angle between the sample frame and the optical axis of the optical rail to be 45 degrees through a corner system, and starting to measure; the standard white board is measured first, and then the brightness of each image on the reflective gray scale test card to be tested is measured in sequence.
Furthermore, the light source system is a halogen lamp; a collimator is added around the halogen lamp to create a collimated beam similar to the target spotlight.
Furthermore, an ultraviolet/infrared cut-off filter is additionally arranged in the light source system to eliminate the influence of ultraviolet light and near infrared light.
A reflection type gray scale test card measuring system comprises a light source system, a collimation system, a corner system and a receiver; the collimation system is an optical track, the light source system and the sample rack are arranged on the optical track and are on the same straight line, and a diaphragm is arranged between the light source system and the sample rack; the corner system 45/0 is a corner platform for geometric measurement conditions, and is used for controlling the rotation of the measurement wall and the sample holder; the receiver is a spectroradiometer mounted on the measurement wall.
Furthermore, the corner system comprises a double-shaft stepping motor and a PCI test card; the PCI test card can be directly inserted into a PCI slot of a computer, and the computer controls the operation of the double-shaft stepping motor through the driving controller to drive the rotation of the measuring wall and the sample holder.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, an optical platform is built according to the existing laboratory test instrument, and a test scheme is designed; a collimator is additionally arranged around a halogen lamp as a light source, a double-shaft stepping motor and a PCI test card built in a microcomputer based on a PCI interface are adopted to realize the automatic control of an 45/0 corner system, a spectral spectroradiometer is selected as a receiving unit, a standard white board with a known standard value is used as a standard, and a relative measurement method is used to realize the non-contact measurement of the reflection type optical density.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a test system of a reflective gray-scale test card.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a test light path of the reflective gray scale test card.
Fig. 3 is a structural view of an automatic control unit of the corner system.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the linearity of the reflective gray scale test card under test.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The invention adopts a relative measurement method, firstly measures the brightness ratio of each step of the standard white board and the reflective gray scale test card, then calculates the reflection factor of each step of the reflective gray scale test card according to the reflection factor of the standard white board, and finally calculates the reflected light density value of each step according to the reflection factor.
According to the definition of the reflection density, the reflection density and the light reflection factor have one-to-one correspondence, so that the corresponding reflection light density can be calculated by measuring the light reflection factor. The light reflection factor of the reflection type gray scale test card adopts a relative measurement method, and the light reflection factor of the tested gray scale test card is obtained by multiplying the standard white board with the known light reflection factor by the brightness ratio of the gray scale test card and the standard white board.
The test system adopts the calibration concept of the traditional luminance meter, uses a halogen lamp as a light source, uses a light rail as a collimation system, and uses a spectral spectroradiometer as a receiving unit, and the main working principle of the test system is shown in figure 1.
The invention relates to a measuring method of a reflection type gray scale test card, which comprises the following steps:
s1: building reflection type gray scale test card test platform
1) Installing a light source system and a sample rack on one optical track, and ensuring that the light source system and the sample rack are on the same straight line; a diaphragm is arranged between the light source system and the sample holder, so that light can clearly irradiate on a sample to be measured;
2) constructing a corner system with 45/0 geometric measurement conditions, and controlling the rotation of the measurement wall and the sample holder to form an included angle of 45 degrees with the optical track;
3) a spectral spectroradiometer is arranged on the measuring wall and is used as a receiving unit for receiving optical signals reflected by the reflective gray scale test card to be tested and the standard white board;
s2: the brightness value L of the reflective gray scale test card to be tested is measured through the reflective gray scale test card test platform1And the brightness value L of the standard white board2；
S3: calculating the light reflection factor R of the reflective gray scale test card to be tested;
wherein R isSIs the light reflection factor of a known standard whiteboard;
s4: calculating the reflection density D of the reflection type gray scale test card to be tested:
D＝-log R (2)
in this embodiment, when the test platform is built, the light source system and the sample holder are installed on one optical rail, and the light source system and the sample holder are ensured to be on the same straight line. According to the use environment of the reflection density, a corner platform for 45/0 (namely 45-degree direction illumination and normal direction receiving) geometric measurement conditions is required to be built. A spectral spectroradiometer is arranged on the measuring wall and used as a receiving unit for receiving the optical signal reflected by the reflection type gray scale test card and displaying the reflected brightness after calculation. And (3) calculating the reflected light density of the measured sample according to the formulas (1) and (2) by using EXCEL software. The schematic diagram of the test light path is shown in fig. 2.
Around the principle that a measuring system simulates the use environment of a sample to be measured as much as possible, in terms of light source selection, according to the regulation in GB/T23649-2009, "the spectral energy distribution of the luminous flux falling on the surface of the sample shall conform to CIE standard illuminant A, the corresponding distribution color temperature is 2856K, and the tolerance is +/-100K", so that a halogen lamp is adopted as an illumination light source in the design. In order to achieve the effect similar to sunlight, a collimator is added around the halogen lamp, creating a "collimated beam" similar to the target spotlight. The halogen lamp belongs to solid luminescence and can emit continuous spectrum, the luminescence wavelength range of the halogen lamp is (350-2500) nm, the spectrum range required by reflection density measurement is only (380-700) nm, and a receiver adopted in the system can sense ultraviolet light and near infrared light. In order to eliminate the influence of the two lights, an ultraviolet/infrared cut filter is additionally arranged in the light source system. In order to shield stray light, a diaphragm is arranged between the light source and the sample holder, so that light can clearly irradiate on a sample to be measured.
And in the corner system part, a corner device is required to be constructed, so that the light rail forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the measuring wall (including the sample holder). In the traditional method, the angle after rotation is measured by using an angle ruler after the wall is manually rotated, but the angle ruler and the measuring wall cannot be well matched due to the structural limitation of mechanical parts, so that the measurement error is large. The angle scale disc principle can be utilized, the rotating angle of the measuring wall can be measured by reading the scale reading, but because the test experiment is carried out in a dark room, the scale reading is read each time, the flashlight is needed to illuminate, and the operation is inconvenient. The invention designs an automatic control corner system based on a double-shaft stepping motor and a PCI test card, wherein the test card can be directly inserted into any PCI slot of a computer and is directly connected to a testing device through a simple connecting line. The device adopts a 51 single chip microcomputer with the model number of AT89C51 (the crystal oscillator frequency is 12MHZ) to control a double-output-shaft six-wire stepping motor QK28STH32-0956B (the internal resistance is 33 ohms, the stepping angle is 1.8 degrees, and the rated current is 0.95A). The square wave with time sequence output by the I/O port is used as a control signal of the stepping motor, and the signal drives the stepping motor through a chip ULN 2003. The construction of the 45/0 corner system is achieved by the computer automatically controlling the rotation of the measuring wall and the sample holder. The structure of the automatic control unit of the corner system is shown in fig. 3.
Testing process and data analysis: according to the test scheme, the voltage stabilizing power supply is turned on, and the voltage is adjusted until the halogen lamp reaches 2856K. And adjusting the height of the sample to be measured by using a laser collimator to enable the axis of the optical axis of the sample and the axis of the optical rail to be in the same horizontal plane. The eyepiece of the spectral spectroradiometer aims at the center of a standard white board or a reflective gray scale test card, and the eyepiece and the objective lens are adjusted while observing, so that an aperture diaphragm in the instrument is clear and visible, and the surface of a measured target is imaged clearly. After the instrument is preheated for 30 minutes, an automatic corner turning system is used for adjusting the angle between the sample frame and the optical axis of the optical rail to be 45 degrees, and the measurement is started. The method comprises the steps of firstly measuring a standard white board, then sequentially measuring the brightness of each step of image on a reflective gray scale test card, and then calculating the reflected light density value of each step of the reflective gray scale test card according to the brightness ratio of the standard white board and the reflection factor of the standard white board by using the calculation function of EXCEL. Experiments were carried out on a TE-108 reflective gray scale test card manufactured by Image Engineering, Germany, and the experimental data are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 optical Density test data of reflective gray scale test card
Note: the colors are respectively 1 st, 2 nd and 3 … 9 th from light to dark, and the first row of the test card is arranged in the upper row at right time; the indication error is expressed as an absolute value of a difference between the measured value and the factory value.
The reflected light density of each step of the tested reflection type gray scale test card is calculated by using the formulas (1) and (2). As can be seen from the table 1, the reflected light density value measured by the device is closer to the factory value of the test card, the maximum value of the indication error is 0.02, and the test effect is satisfactory.
The reflective gray scale test card is used as a tool for detecting the fineness of an image, and the optimal design state is that the optical density of each level is in a linear relation. Therefore, the printing quality of the test card can be evaluated by the linearity of the optical density, and the linearity is usually evaluated by a linear regression equation. A scatter diagram of optical density is drawn by using a graph function of EXCEL, and then a linear regression equation and a correlation coefficient of the equation are calculated by using a calculation function of the EXCEL. The linearity of the optical density of the tested reflective gray scale test card and the correlation coefficient of the linear regression equation are shown in FIG. 4.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the linear regression equation of the optical density parameter of the tested reflective gray scale test card is: 0.2035x-0.2169, the square of the regression equation correlation coefficient is: r2 ═ 0.9261. The value range of the square R is 0-1, and the closer the value is to 1, the better the linearity is. The numerical value shows that the optical density parameters of the card basically have linear relation, and the linearity effect is satisfactory.
And (3) verification of a test result:
to verify the reliability of the calibration results, the measurement data needs to be verified. The expansion uncertainty of the measurement result is marked in the specification of the measured reflection type gray scale test card as follows: u is 0.02 and k is 2. The extension uncertainty evaluated by this experiment was: u is 0.03 and k is 2. So transfer comparison methods are used to verify the measurement results. If the measurement result meets the formula 6, the measurement result is accurate and reliable.
In the formula: y islab-the laboratory measurements;
yrefthe outgoing optical density value of the reflective gray scale test card is obtained;
Ulabextended uncertainty of the laboratory measurement results;
Uref-extended uncertainty of measurement results given by the manufacturer.
The measurement data in table 1 was substituted into equation 3 to conclude as shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 test conclusions
Aiming at the problem of magnitude traceability of a reflection type gray scale test card, the invention designs a test scheme and builds an optical platform by utilizing the existing equipment of a laboratory, such as a halogen lamp, an optical track, a diaphragm, a spectral spectroradiometer and the like according to the actual use environment of a sample to be tested. The reflection density of each image of the tested test card is tested, and the concept of investigating the printing quality of the test card by using the linearity of test data is provided. And the accuracy and reliability of the test data are verified by a transmission comparison method. The scheme solves the defects of the traditional optical density contact measurement, and can be used for special non-contact measurement and measurement of optical density with a small area in the industries of printing, photography, pharmacy and the like.
Claims (6)
1. A reflection type gray scale test card measuring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: building reflection type gray scale test card test platform
1) Installing a light source system and a sample rack on one optical track, and ensuring that the light source system and the sample rack are on the same straight line; a diaphragm is arranged between the light source system and the sample holder, so that light can clearly irradiate on a sample to be measured;
2) constructing a corner system with 45/0 geometric measurement conditions, and controlling the rotation of the measurement wall and the sample holder to form an included angle of 45 degrees with the optical track;
3) a spectral spectroradiometer is arranged on the measuring wall and is used as a receiving unit for receiving optical signals reflected by the reflective gray scale test card to be tested and the standard white board;
s2: the brightness value L of the reflective gray scale test card to be tested is measured through the reflective gray scale test card test platform1And the brightness value L of the standard white board2；
S3: calculating the light reflection factor R of the reflective gray scale test card to be tested;
wherein R isSIs the light reflection factor of a known standard whiteboard;
s4: calculating the reflection density D of the reflection type gray scale test card to be tested: d ═ logR.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 is specifically as follows: adjusting the height of the sample to be measured by using a laser collimator to enable the axis of the optical axis of the sample and the axis of the optical rail to be in the same horizontal plane; aiming at the center of a standard white board or a reflective gray scale test card through an ocular of a spectral spectroradiometer, observing and adjusting the ocular and an objective at the same time, so that an aperture diaphragm in the instrument is clearly visible, and the surface of a measured target is imaged clearly; after the instrument is preheated, adjusting the angle between the sample frame and the optical axis of the optical rail to be 45 degrees through a corner system, and starting to measure; the standard white board is measured first, and then the brightness of each image on the reflective gray scale test card to be tested is measured in sequence.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the light source system is a halogen lamp; a collimator is added around the halogen lamp to create a collimated beam similar to the target spotlight.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein an ultraviolet/infrared cut-off filter is added to the light source system to eliminate the influence of ultraviolet light and near infrared light.
5. A reflection type gray scale test card measuring system is characterized by comprising a light source system, a collimation system, a corner system and a receiver; the collimation system is an optical track, the light source system and the sample rack are arranged on the optical track and are on the same straight line, and a diaphragm is arranged between the light source system and the sample rack; the corner system 45/0 is a corner platform for geometric measurement conditions, and is used for controlling the rotation of the measurement wall and the sample holder; the receiver is a spectroradiometer mounted on the measurement wall.
6. The reflective gray scale test card measurement system of claim 5, wherein the rotation angle system comprises a dual-axis stepper motor and a PCI test card; the PCI test card can be directly inserted into a PCI slot of a computer, and the computer controls the operation of the double-shaft stepping motor through the driving controller to drive the rotation of the measuring wall and the sample holder.
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