CN112945139B - Shield engineering auxiliary system combining three-dimensional scanning with BIM technology - Google Patents

Shield engineering auxiliary system combining three-dimensional scanning with BIM technology Download PDF

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CN112945139B
CN112945139B CN202110273813.8A CN202110273813A CN112945139B CN 112945139 B CN112945139 B CN 112945139B CN 202110273813 A CN202110273813 A CN 202110273813A CN 112945139 B CN112945139 B CN 112945139B
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tunnel
dimensional
correlation function
data processing
bim
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CN112945139A (en
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薛炜
王昱
秦东平
付春青
张功
高玉春
毕欣
杨纬华
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Beijing Uni Construction Group Co Ltd
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Beijing Uni Construction Group Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects

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  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a shield engineering auxiliary system combining three-dimensional scanning with a BIM (building information modeling) technology, which at least comprises a plurality of ground three-dimensional laser scanning devices and a plurality of data processing modules, wherein a first data processing module is configured to determine a space correlation function between the surfaces of continuous tunnel sections in a three-dimensional coordinate, and instruct an imported BIM three-dimensional informatization simulation model to correct based on the space correlation function so as to obtain a dynamically updated BIM three-dimensional informatization measurement model of a tunnel to be built, wherein the space correlation function is defined as a space correlation function of three-dimensional point cloud data Z (i) in an x-axis direction of the one-dimensional space coordinate under one-dimensional space, the space correlation function is used for indicating the space positions of different measuring points of the surfaces of the tunnel sections at the same moment, and the time-varying space correlation function can be fitted to the corresponding tunnel section surfaces based on the establishment of the space correlation function delta (h).

Description

Shield engineering auxiliary system combining three-dimensional scanning with BIM technology
The parent application is 201910686498.4, the application date is 2019, 26.7 months, the application type is the invention, and the application name is a tunnel construction risk management and control system based on space time parameters.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of risk evaluation of shield tunnels, construction prediction and shield engineering, in particular to a shield engineering auxiliary system combining three-dimensional scanning with BIM technology.
Background
The tunnel and the underground engineering face great risks in the construction stage, the risks are caused by a plurality of aspects, the risks have internal factors and external factors, and the risks are particularly reflected in the aspects of the structure, the surrounding hydrological formation materials, the surrounding construction environmental status and requirements, the construction process, the operation level and the like.
The constant convergence of population towards cities has led to a rapid rise in urban population and building area densities, resulting in smaller and smaller ground space available for cities. The shield method has become the main construction method of urban subways due to the advantages of high construction speed, adaptability to most of stratums, high mechanization degree, small environmental pollution and the like. The shield machine is a special engineering machine for tunnel excavation, has the functions of excavating and cutting soil, conveying soil slag, assembling tunnel lining, measuring, guiding and correcting deviation and the like, and relates to multiple subject technologies such as geology, construction, machinery, mechanics, hydraulic pressure, electricity, control, measurement and the like. Shield tunneling is widely used in tunnel engineering of subways, railways, highways, municipal works, hydropower and the like. With the continuous development of urban subway and urban water conservancy construction in recent years, a shield machine occupies a main position in the construction of an underground tunnel and becomes mechanical equipment mainly used for underground development tunnels, the shield machine disturbs the surrounding soil body in the construction and propulsion process, when a duct piece is about to separate from the shield tail, a gap of 90-140 mm is formed between the soil body and the duct piece, so that serious ground surface settlement is caused, and when the settlement value is too large, the use safety of surrounding buildings and underground pipelines is seriously threatened.
The surface subsidence caused by subway shield construction is influenced by a plurality of factors, the factors have the characteristics of randomness, uncertainty and nonlinearity, and the relationship between a subsidence value and each factor is difficult to describe by a determined functional relationship. Therefore, in recent years, many domestic and foreign scholars analyze and mine implicit relations existing between construction monitoring data and predict surface subsidence based on an artificial intelligence method. The method comprises the steps of constructing a wavelet network W-RBF prediction model by combining a BP neural network model and a wavelet analysis method with an RBF function, combining gray correlation with a support vector machine and the like, but has certain limitations in practical engineering application due to the complexity of factors influencing shield construction surface subsidence, the defectiveness of various methods and the like, and the prediction result precision is questionable.
During shield construction, reasonable selection and control of shield construction parameters are necessary measures for effectively reducing and avoiding shield construction safety risks. The method is suitable for establishing shield construction parameter control standards and/or control ranges under different engineering geological conditions, hydrogeological conditions, stratum environmental conditions and other special conditions, realizes standardization of shield construction and standardization of construction management, and is very necessary for effectively controlling shield construction safety risks. The shield construction parameters must be determined according to project environmental conditions (including ground and underground structures, etc.) and engineering, hydrogeological conditions. The stratum and the engineering geology and hydrogeology conditions of the stratum which passes through in the shield construction process are not invariable, and when the project environment conditions or the engineering geology and hydrogeology conditions change, the shield construction parameters also need to be correspondingly adjusted, so that the section division of the interval tunnel constructed by the shield method needs to be carried out according to the factors such as the engineering, the hydrogeology conditions, the ground and underground environment conditions, the tunnel burial depth and the like in the shield construction process, and the shield construction parameter control standard and/or the control range which are suitable for each section are determined.
The shield tunnel construction risk can be divided into stages according to the construction sequence, including a preparation stage before construction, a shield starting tunneling and arrival receiving stage, a shield tunneling stage, a segment assembling stage, a grouting stage, a gas compression stage, a warehouse opening and tool changing stage, a complex geological stage of passing through a structure and a pipeline and a shield auxiliary stage. The evaluation indexes of the shield tunneling stage comprise: the method comprises the following steps of (1) generating a 'mud cake' when penetrating through a viscous soil layer, generating an unknown obstacle in front of a shield, exceeding the ground settlement or uplift limit, unbalanced soil bin pressure, gushing risk of a screw conveyor, cutter head cutting torque larger than shield shell friction, jack system failure, main bearing fracture risk, unreasonable shield construction parameter setting, failure and improper maintenance of shield mechanical equipment, improper shield axis deviation correction, shield tail sealing failure risk, sandy soil instability, eccentric wear and axis deviation of a cutter head of a composite stratum with a soft upper part and a hard lower part, excavation surface mud skin forming quality and ground residue soil discharge; the evaluation indexes of the complex geological stages of the crossing structure and the pipeline comprise: the settlement or the uplift of the ground is out of limit, the cracking and the structural instability of the structure, the pipeline is damaged, the stratum cavity is provided with a methane storage layer locally; the evaluation indexes of the shield auxiliary stage comprise: the construction method comprises the steps of construction electricity utilization risk, horizontal and vertical transportation risk, mechanical hoisting and installation risk, inaccurate monitoring and measurement, unblocked tunnel drainage channel, influence on the surrounding environment and manufacture of circulating slurry.
The tunnel health monitoring comprises tunnel structure erosion monitoring, structure deformation monitoring, structure internal force monitoring and environmental condition monitoring, wherein the structure deformation monitoring is very important, and the monitoring contents mainly comprise longitudinal settlement (longitudinal axis deformation), transverse displacement and section convergence deformation of the tunnel.
Chinese patent (publication No. CN 109242171A) discloses a shield construction earth surface settlement prediction method based on BIM and RS-SVR, the invention utilizes a method reduction decision table based on Pawlak attribute importance in a rough set theory to obtain an optimal attribute set influencing the maximum earth surface settlement degree, eliminates redundant data, simplifies the dimensionality of model input parameters and saves the model calculation time; meanwhile, a ground surface settlement prediction model is established based on the excellent regression capability of the support vector regression on the small sample, and training is carried out to obtain an optimal kernel function, so that the prediction accuracy of the model is improved, and the interpretation capability of the model is enhanced; finally, the model is combined with the BIM technology and can be used as a functional module of a BIM-based subway construction risk management and control platform to visually display the risk degree of surface subsidence, conveniently track the development of risks, supervise and urge the avoidance and solution of the risks and achieve the effects of information transmission and information sharing of all parties of a project.
Chinese patent (publication No. CN 207923112U) discloses an intelligent integrated auxiliary monitoring device for earth surface settlement points in shield tunnel construction, which comprises a steel cover, a steel thin-wall cylinder, a point location label and two-dimensional code identification module, a GPS positioning tracker, a laser displacement sensor, a wireless transmission device and signal control module, a solar cell panel and storage battery, an LED illuminating lamp and a power supply control module; the utility model has the advantages of it is following and effect: 1) The problem of monitoring the position location quantity complicated, measure at night difficultly is solved. 2) Through the arranged wireless transmission device, the signal control module and the laser displacement sensor, a criterion is provided for judging whether the point position is damaged; meanwhile, the real-time monitoring and automatic early warning functions are realized, and the problems of low manual monitoring frequency, large human error, high risk and the like are solved. 3) Through the arranged GPS positioning tracker, the ground surface settlement monitoring data is closely combined with vault settlement, floating and peripheral convergence data to form a diversified and three-dimensional shield construction monitoring network.
The monitoring device that above-mentioned patent provided is only applicable to the follow-up settlement stage after the shield passes through, however in the shield propulsion process, the deformation and the stress change of initial time after the tunnel excavation are very fast, the monitoring device that this patent provided can only bury underground the measurement after the shield passes through, the final displacement and the stress prediction of the initial reading that leads to its to obtain can't provide accurate reference data to the later stage, further will lead to follow-up and the earth's surface to subside the error amplification between the monitoring data, can't realize real time monitoring and accurate early warning function. In addition, at present, aiming at the analysis and management of tunnel monitoring measurement data, most owners and construction units develop respective monitoring measurement early warning information platforms, and whether a measurement point change curve, accumulated variation, deformation rate and measurement point alarm are checked and managed through the management platforms, the BIM technology is a new direction of information construction, is applied to the design and construction field of tunnels and underground engineering at present and is gradually popularized to the application of the whole life cycle of the tunnel, however, on the basis of a three-dimensional tunnel model in the BIM construction management platform, on the premise of not increasing the workload of technical personnel for inputting monitoring measurement data, the problem still exists how to check the test data and the change curve of the tunnel measurement points on the BIM construction management platform in real time.
In the examination process of the parent case of the present invention, the first examination comment notice only indicates a formal problem, and the closest prior art is not retrieved. Therefore, the invention has outstanding substantive features and obvious progress.
Furthermore, on the one hand, due to the differences in understanding to those skilled in the art; on the other hand, since the inventor has studied a lot of documents and patents when making the present invention, but the space is not limited to the details and contents listed in the above, however, the present invention is by no means free of the features of the prior art, but the present invention has been provided with all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to increase the related prior art in the background.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a tunnel construction risk management and control system based on space time parameters, the tunnel construction risk management and control system at least comprises a plurality of ground three-dimensional laser scanning devices and a plurality of data processing modules, wherein a first data processing module is configured to: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out data processing on a plurality of three-dimensional point cloud data of the surface of each tunnel section acquired by a plurality of ground three-dimensional laser scanning devices and corresponding three-dimensional coordinates thereof in a space coordinate system to determine a space correlation function between the surfaces of the continuous tunnel sections in the three-dimensional coordinates, and indicating an imported BIM three-dimensional information simulation model to carry out correction based on the space correlation function to acquire a dynamically updated BIM three-dimensional information measurement model of the tunnel to be built, wherein a second data processing module is configured to: the detection values of the surfaces of different tunnel sections in the space correlation function are analyzed, the time-varying space correlation function of the surface of each tunnel section is determined, the change trend of the surface of each tunnel section along with time is indicated based on the time-varying space correlation function, the calculated surface change value and a preset change threshold value are judged, and automatic early warning is carried out on the tunnel sections exceeding the preset change threshold value.
According to a preferred embodiment, the tunnel construction risk management and control system further includes a third data processing module, the third data processing module is configured to introduce a BIM three-dimensional information simulation model of the tunnel to be constructed before the shield machine performs tunneling, perform crossing risk source segmentation on the BIM three-dimensional information simulation model based on segmentation conditions, divide the tunnel to be constructed into a plurality of tunnel sections along the length direction of the tunnel, and instruct at least one ground three-dimensional laser scanning device to scan the surface of each tunnel section being constructed during the tunneling process of the shield machine.
According to a preferred embodiment, the first data processing module is further configured to perform information interaction with the second data processing module, and the first data processing module re-segments the tunnel to be built through the risk source based on the combination of the change trend generated by the second data processing module and the segmentation condition, and indicates the arrangement position of the tunnel environment monitoring points and the monitoring frequency of the tunnel environment monitoring points based on the tunnel segment obtained after re-segmentation.
According to a preferred embodiment, the first data processing module determines at least three continuous tunnel sections with different tunnel section lengths from each other before the shield machine performs tunneling, and indicates a preliminary correction process of the BIM three-dimensional information-based simulation model based on a spatial correlation function between surfaces of the at least three continuous tunnel sections, wherein the preliminary correction process can provide preliminary parameter optimization for subsequent shield machine construction. The first data processing module determines the lengths of the tunnel sections and the first tunnel section, the second tunnel section and the third tunnel section which are different from each other and are continuous with each other, and the predicted working condition parameter combination of the shield machine corresponding to the first tunnel section based on the imported BIM three-dimensional informatization simulation model before the shield machine performs tunneling. The predicted working condition parameter combination is a combination of a plurality of shield machine construction parameters preset by a drawn-up BIM three-dimensional informatization simulation model, such as grouting quantity, soil bin pressure and tunneling speed. Because the soil around the tunnel undergoes different strain paths at different stages of shield excavation, each stage corresponds to different disturbance mechanisms; firstly, extrusion disturbance is formed in the tunneling process of a cutter head, shearing disturbance is formed in the tunneling process, unloading disturbance is formed when a shield tail is pulled out, and consolidation disturbance is formed in the grouting process, so that shield construction needs to be guided by timely adjusting working condition parameter combinations such as grouting amount, soil bin pressure, tunneling speed and the like through diversified and three-dimensional shield construction risk control data.
The first data processing module acquires stratum change information and axis deviation trend in the process of indicating the shield machine to complete the first tunnel section by the predicted working condition parameter combination, generates at least one corresponding working condition parameter combination to be optimized under each scene set according to the stratum change information and the axis deviation trend, calculates at least one working condition parameter combination to be optimized respectively based on a genetic algorithm, and generates a working condition parameter optimal solution combination when the specified convergence basis is met. Preferably, the stratum change information at least comprises stratum change information such as geological structure, rock strength, ground stress, osmotic pressure distribution and the like, and the stratum change rule of the geological to be tunneled is preliminarily mastered, the stratum change information can be obtained by detection of an advanced geological detection system, the advanced geological detection system takes a horizontal ultra-long drilling technology as a core, and has the characteristics of long detection distance and capability of effectively detecting bad geological bodies such as faults, broken zones and the like existing in front of a tunnel face, or the information is obtained by sampling and testing the geological in advance. The axis deviation trend at least comprises the deviation and the trend between the tunneling direction of the shield tunneling machine and the planned axis direction, the axis deviation trend is acquired by a plurality of sensors installed on the shield tunneling machine in real time, and the planned axis direction of the tunneling direction of the shield tunneling machine can be acquired preferably according to a preset imported BIM three-dimensional information simulation model.
According to a preferred embodiment, the second data processing module is configured to calculate a central axis displacement deformation of the tunnel to be built so as to quantify an overall displacement monitoring situation of the tunnel to be built, the second data processing module calculates a central coordinate and a direction vector of an i-th tunnel segment according to the calculation in the third data processing module, estimates a central coordinate of the i + 1-th tunnel segment by using the central coordinate and a normal vector of the i-th tunnel segment, estimates a central coordinate of the i + 2-th tunnel segment by using the central coordinate and the normal vector of the i + 1-th tunnel segment, sequentially calculates coordinate values P 'h of a central axis of the tunnel to be built, compares x in a reference value Ph of the central coordinate of the i-th tunnel segment with x' in a central coordinate P 'h of the i-th tunnel segment obtained by each measurement, and obtains Δ xh = x' -x, where Δ xh is a displacement offset of the i-th tunnel segment.
According to a preferred embodiment, the feature set of the spatial correlation function at least comprises one or more of a measuring point distance feature and a measuring point position feature of three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the tunnel segment surface, a thrust feature of the shield machine, a posture feature of the shield machine and a turning radius feature, and the parameter set of the time-varying spatial correlation function at least comprises one or more of a measuring point amplitude of the measuring point distance parameter, a ratio of measuring point amplitudes of at least two tunnel segment surfaces which are continuous with each other, and a standard deviation of background noise, wherein the spatial correlation function is used for indicating spatial positions of different measuring points of the tunnel segment surfaces at the same time, and the time-varying spatial correlation function is used for indicating spatial position changes of the same measuring point on the tunnel segment surfaces at different times.
According to a preferred embodiment, the second data processing module is configured to extract a feature set associated with each tunnel segment surface and a time variation curve of the feature set from the spatial correlation function, perform data processing on the extracted feature set in a predetermined period to generate a variation trend of the time variation curve of the extracted feature set, and analyze the deformation condition of each tunnel segment surface based on a preset variation threshold.
A tunnel construction risk management and control method based on space time parameters at least comprises the following steps:
and carrying out data processing on a plurality of three-dimensional point cloud data of the surface of each tunnel section acquired by a plurality of ground three-dimensional laser scanning devices and a corresponding three-dimensional coordinate thereof in a space coordinate system to determine a space correlation function between the surfaces of the continuous tunnel sections in the three-dimensional coordinate system, and correcting a BIM three-dimensional informatization simulation model imported based on the indication of the space correlation function to acquire a dynamically updated BIM three-dimensional informatization measurement model of the tunnel to be built.
The detection values of the surfaces of different tunnel sections in the space correlation function are analyzed, the time-varying space correlation function of the surface of each tunnel section is determined, the change trend of the surface of each tunnel section along with time is indicated based on the time-varying space correlation function, the calculated surface change value and a preset change threshold value are judged, and automatic early warning is carried out on the tunnel sections exceeding the preset change threshold value.
According to a preferred embodiment, the method for managing and controlling the tunnel construction risk further comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of entering a BIM three-dimensional information simulation model of a tunnel to be built before a shield machine performs tunneling, performing crossing risk source segmentation on the BIM three-dimensional information simulation model based on segmentation conditions, dividing the tunnel to be built into a plurality of tunnel sections along the length direction of the tunnel to be built, and indicating at least one ground three-dimensional laser scanning device to scan the surface of each tunnel section under construction in the tunneling process of the shield machine.
The tunnel construction risk management and control system based on the space time parameters, provided by the invention, has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) The invention provides a system capable of directly checking on a BIM three-dimensional information measurement model of a terminal and managing and controlling risks in a tunnel construction process, which is used for directly calling and checking test data and a change curve of a measuring point in a monitoring and measuring information platform on the BIM three-dimensional information measurement model of the terminal, is quick, accurate and high in visualization degree, can visually display construction risk trends such as settlement, vault subsidence and peripheral convergence after a monitoring point which is updated or changed is synchronously updated by setting a space correlation function and a time-varying space correlation function, is convenient for tracking the development of construction risks, and urges the avoidance and the solution of the construction risks, breaks through the traditional management mode of monitoring data in a two-dimensional chart form based on the monitoring and measuring information platform, realizes the dynamic visual checking and management of the monitoring data in a more visualized three-dimensional model under the condition of man-machine interaction, and ensures that the construction of the tunnel can be safely and smoothly carried out.
(2) The tunnel construction risk management and control system provided by the invention is based on the reduction of the proportion of equipment cost in the considered elements, so as to realize the management and control target of completely avoiding the tunnel structure deformation in the tunnel construction risk, and break through the current situation that the analysis and decision can only be given after the tunnel structure deformation in the prior art because the conventional measurement technology with lower equipment cost is usually adopted or improved due to the limitation of equipment cost.
(3) According to the invention, by utilizing the three-dimensional laser scanning technology and GIS information, data with uniform precision, high density and accurate positioning can be obtained, a plurality of detail changes can be found, and the data comprises any intercepting section, so that the overall stability of the target can be analyzed. Especially, in the tunnel construction process with severe environment, excessive uncertain risk factors and large potential danger of field monitoring personnel, the conventional measurement technology cannot support the execution of tasks.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a simplified overall structural schematic diagram of a tunnel construction risk management and control system provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a simplified module connection relationship of the tunnel construction risk management and control system provided by the present invention; and
fig. 3 is a simplified flow diagram illustrating a method for managing and controlling a risk in tunnel construction according to the present invention.
List of reference numerals
1: the first data processing module 2: the second data processing module 3: third data processing module
4: the first ground three-dimensional laser scanning device 5: second ground three-dimensional laser scanning device
6: and the terminal 7: network platform
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, a tunnel construction risk management and control system based on space time parameters at least includes a plurality of ground three-dimensional laser scanning devices and a plurality of data processing modules, wherein a first data processing module 1 is configured to: the method comprises the steps of carrying out data processing on a plurality of three-dimensional point cloud data of the surface of each tunnel section acquired by a plurality of ground three-dimensional laser scanning devices and corresponding three-dimensional coordinates thereof in a space coordinate system to determine a space correlation function between the surfaces of the continuous tunnel sections in the three-dimensional coordinates, and indicating an imported BIM three-dimensional information simulation model to carry out correction based on the space correlation function to acquire a dynamically updated BIM three-dimensional information measurement model of the tunnel to be built, wherein a second data processing module 2 is configured to: and analyzing the detection values of the surfaces of different tunnel sections in the space correlation function, determining the time-varying space correlation function of the surface of each tunnel section, indicating the change trend of the surface of each tunnel section along with time based on the time-varying space correlation function, judging the calculated surface change value and a preset change threshold value, and automatically early warning the tunnel sections exceeding the preset change threshold value.
The invention provides a tunnel construction risk control system based on space time parameters, namely a system for directly checking and controlling risks in the tunnel construction process on a BIM three-dimensional information measurement model of a terminal. The method comprises the steps of firstly correcting a pre-planned BIM three-dimensional information simulation model through data interaction between real-time risk monitoring control data and the BIM three-dimensional information simulation model, correspondingly binding a measuring point model on the BIM three-dimensional information simulation model with data of a monitoring point on a terminal background to obtain a dynamically updated BIM three-dimensional information measurement model of the tunnel to be built, checking historical data and a change curve of the monitoring point on the BIM three-dimensional information measurement model on the terminal background, quickly, accurately and visually, and synchronously updating the updated or changed monitoring point by setting a space correlation function and a time-varying space correlation function, so that construction risk trends such as settlement, vault subsidence, peripheral convergence and the like can be visually displayed, the development of construction risks can be conveniently tracked, construction risk avoidance and solution are urged, and the effects of information transfer and information sharing of all parties of a project are achieved. Through the implementation of the invention, the sharing and the transmission of the tunnel monitoring data can be realized under the condition of not increasing the workload of technical personnel, and the user experience and the working efficiency are effectively improved. The method not only provides management support for the construction method, construction support, construction management and the like of tunnel construction, but also is not equal to the monitoring mode that the monitoring data is reflected in the form of planar table graphs and the like based on a terminal background in the prior art, and the risk avoidance and the construction safety of the tunnel are ensured by dynamically calling and monitoring the monitoring data in a more visualized three-dimensional model.
Furthermore, the tunnel construction risk management and control system provided by the invention aims to completely prevent the tunnel structure deformation in the tunnel construction risk based on the reduction of the proportion of the equipment cost in the considered elements, breaks through the conventional measurement technology which is limited by the equipment cost and usually only adopts or improves the equipment cost, and breaks through the current situation that the analysis decision can be given only after the tunnel structure deformation in the prior art.
The tunnel construction risk management and control system provided by the invention is particularly suitable for the situation that the tunnel to be built passes through other railways or existing railways on the ground. This condition is owing to have the cross influence of waiting to build tunnel circuit and existing railway, wait to build tunnel under wear construction inevitable can produce the disturbance to the basis of existing railway, can produce the stratum settlement of different degrees, thereby arouse existing railway basis and track structure to warp, not only treat to build tunnel construction safety and produce adverse effect, and can influence the operation safety of existing railway, serious can cause the destruction of existing railway, arouse great incident and cause great economic loss, from this need stop the condition that takes place tunnel structure deformation in the tunnel construction risk completely, receive serious influence in order to avoid subaerial existing railway. Similarly, the tunnel construction risk management and control system provided by the invention particularly aims at the situation that the synchronous grouting amount is large or the grouting pressure is large under the synchronous grouting condition of the shield machine, and the deformation of the surrounding stratum is seriously influenced, and in addition, the tunnel structure deformation in the tunnel construction risk needs to be completely avoided under the conditions that the double-hole overlapped tunnel construction is carried out and the residential areas above the tunnel sections to be built are dense, so that the existing lines on the ground are not seriously influenced.
Preferably, the first data processing module 1 obtains the dynamically updated BIM three-dimensional information measurement model of the tunnel to be built through tunnel full-section information acquisition and data filtering: the tunnel construction risk management and control system is different from a traditional model building method, a non-direct contact measurement method, namely a three-dimensional laser scanning device is adopted, space sampling points on the surface of an object to be scanned can be directly obtained through the three-dimensional laser scanning device, the surface of the object to be scanned can be reconstructed by utilizing a plurality of collected space sampling points, and the traditional measurement method needing direct contact is easy to deform or damage the object during measurement and difficult to accurately measure the irregular surface of the object, so that the reliability of a measurement result obtained by the traditional measurement method is reduced. The three-dimensional Laser scanning device is used for collecting partial tunnel three-dimensional point cloud data, for example, a RIEGL LMS-Z210I-953D Laser Scanner surface provided by RIEGL Laser measurement system company of austria, which is mature in the prior art and provided by a three-dimensional Laser scanning system supplier, a model of LMS-Z210I-95, can complete the capture of spatial data and can complete the processing of the collected spatial data and the three-dimensional modeling. The device adopted in the field actual measurement scanning process can be the Riegl LMS-Z210i-953D Laser Scanner Laser surface three-dimensional Laser Scanner or the American FARO FOCUS X130 three-dimensional Laser Scanner, data acquired by the three-dimensional Laser Scanner are acquired and transmitted to the able RealWorks point cloud post-processing software for point cloud data processing, and the actually measured point cloud acquired in the field scanning process is compared with the BIM three-dimensional informatization simulation model and the BIM three-dimensional informatization simulation model is updated. Further preferably, the device used in the field actual measurement scanning process may be a three-dimensional laser scanning device disclosed in a chinese patent with publication number CN20641 0678U granted in the prior art, and the field actual measurement scanning process is to measure the deformation of the whole cross section of the tunnel by using a ground three-dimensional laser scanning technology, and a specific operation method is, for example, a method for monitoring the deformation by intercepting the ellipse of the cross section of the tunnel by using the three-dimensional laser scanning point cloud provided in a paper (survey and drawing project 2015-5 th stage-zhuanning-henan principle and mining information technology national surveying and mapping geographic information bureau-application of three-dimensional laser scanning in deformation monitoring of the subway tunnel), or a method for performing point cloud by using cylindrical surface fitting and ellipse fitting and applying an error distribution statistical rule by using the combination provided in a paper (rock mechanics and engineering bulletin 2016-2 nd stage-xie-three-dimensional laser scanning in deformation monitoring of subway tunnels).
Further preferably, the tunnel full-section information acquisition system is composed of a ground three-dimensional laser scanner, a digital camera, post-processing software, a power supply and accessory equipment, a non-contact high-speed laser measurement mode is adopted to acquire geometric figure data and image data of a tunnel or a complex object or terrain, the measurement range is selected to be about 50m, coordinate information, intensity information, gray scale information and pixel information of about 800000 points per second can be measured, an automatic data filtering processing and control point automatic splicing method of automatic measure calculation is adopted, as shown in fig. 1, the monitoring data and data stream are continuously transmitted and interacted in real time based on the internet of things technology, a proposed BIM three-dimensional information simulation model is dynamically updated, and finally the BIM three-dimensional information measurement model of the tunnel to be built is generated. The measuring method can ensure the authenticity of the monitoring and measuring data of the tunnel to be built, avoid the artificial influence of the monitoring and measuring data of the tunnel to be built, and simultaneously can accelerate the progress of data acquisition and processing, so that the monitoring data and the analysis result guide the tunnel construction in real time, and the requirements of information construction and tunnel construction risk management and control are better met; the labor and material resources are saved, the cost is saved, and the working efficiency of tunnel construction is improved.
Preferably, the three-dimensional laser scanning technology is adopted to directly obtain the spatial sampling points of the surface of the real object, the obtained spatial sampling points are the three-dimensional point cloud data, and the three-dimensional point cloud data can be used for reconstructing the surface of the three-dimensional object.
Preferably, the three-dimensional point cloud data has corresponding three-dimensional coordinates in a space coordinate system: the method comprises the steps of acquiring point cloud data under each local coordinate system, scanning the point cloud data under each local coordinate system through multi-view point cloud registration, converting geometric coordinates and then unifying the point cloud data into a space coordinate system, synthesizing data acquired from a plurality of monitoring points under different monitoring angles into a unified space coordinate system, and selecting a common splicing method based on set characteristics or an ICP algorithm based on point set information. Preferably, the processing process of the three-dimensional point cloud data at least comprises the point cloud registration and also comprises preprocessing processes such as point cloud denoising and feature processing.
Preferably, the BIM three-dimensional informatization simulation model in the tunnel construction risk management and control system is that: the BIM three-dimensional informatization simulation model is formed by inputting geological information such as rock and earth structure/property/state and ground stress condition, annular duct piece information such as duct piece volume/length/ring number/adjacent block/bottom block/top block/annular date, shield machine incision axis deviation, shield machine shield tail axis deviation/soil pressure/propulsion speed/shield total thrust/shield cutter head torque and other shield propulsion information, and monitoring point information such as in-hole and out-hole geology and support state/support crack monitoring/peripheral displacement monitoring/horizontal relative clearance variation value monitoring/s vault subsidence monitoring according to a design scheme and actual field construction condition.
For example, an intelligent monitoring system based on BIM disclosed in the granted chinese patent publication No. CN106595565B is to complete the establishment of a BIM model by the following steps of firstly, creating a report on a project designer's ground survey, a surrounding environment, converting the report into a two-dimensional CAD drawing through calculation of finite element calculation software as basic information, converting two-dimensional ground survey data of a foundation pit, the two-dimensional CAD drawing, the surrounding environment, and the like into a three-dimensional model, and completing the establishment of the BIM model, as shown in fig. 1, and sharing the information on a network platform so that construction, supervision, and construction units can synchronously view the information, and meanwhile, the GIS information can be combined with the BIM model through a GIS information module mainly acquiring the surrounding information of the foundation pit, so as to realize the three-dimensional visual display of the foundation pit.
For example, the operating tunnel maintenance health monitoring management system based on BIM disclosed in the granted chinese patent publication No. CN103473706B, wherein the BIM model information at the initial stage of tunnel construction is provided by the front-end operation terminal, and the data acquisition is derived from the detection information acquired by camera shooting and the manual detection information.
The data acquisition of above-mentioned two patents comes from GPS module and sensor module, or the detected information and the artifical detected information that gather of making a video recording, be traditional conventional deformation monitoring method promptly, the method of generally choosing includes foretell GPS measurement, sensing measurement still includes conventional measurement etc. these measuring method need carry out the laying of monitoring point at first, however the quantity of monitoring point is limited, and measurement efficiency is also not high, easily receives the influence of weather, under weather such as rainy day, fog, the accurate data that can obtain are very limited, can't accurate reflect the condition of deformation. The invention can obtain data with uniform precision, high density and accurate positioning by utilizing the three-dimensional laser scanning technology and GIS information, can find many detail changes, and can analyze the overall stability of the target, wherein the data comprises any intercepting section. Especially, in the tunnel construction process with severe environment, excessive uncertain risk factors and large potential danger of field monitoring personnel, the conventional measurement technology cannot support the execution of tasks.
Preferably, for the BIM three-dimensional information measurement model in the tunnel construction risk management and control system, the model is: the method comprises the steps of acquiring data acquired by a three-dimensional laser scanning device, transmitting the data to Trible RealWorks software for point cloud data processing, comparing point cloud obtained in the field actual measurement scanning process with a BIM three-dimensional information simulation model, updating the BIM three-dimensional information simulation model according to the comparison result, and generating a dynamically updated BIM three-dimensional information measurement model. Meanwhile, preferably, the risk management and control system provided by the invention is also provided with a GIS information module for acquiring information around the foundation pit, and the GIS information can be combined with the BIM model to realize three-dimensional visual display of tunnel construction monitoring.
According to a preferred embodiment, the second data processing module 2 is configured to extract a feature set associated with each tunnel segment surface and a time variation curve of the feature set from the spatial correlation function, perform data processing on the extracted feature set in a predetermined period to generate a variation trend of the time variation curve of the extracted feature set, and analyze the deformation condition of each tunnel segment surface based on a preset variation threshold. Preferably, the second data processing module 2 is configured to extract a feature set associated with each tunnel segment surface and a time variation curve of the feature set from the spatial correlation function. The second data processing module 2 is used for performing data processing on the feature set extracted in a predetermined period. The second data processing module 2 is used to generate a trend of the time variation curve with respect to the extracted feature set. The second data processing module 2 is configured to analyze a deformation condition of a surface of each tunnel segment based on a preset change threshold.
Further preferably, for the space-dependent function in the tunnel construction risk management and control system: the spatial correlation function is defined as 1/2 of the variance of the difference between the monitoring value Z (i) of the three-dimensional point cloud data Z (x) at the spatial coordinate point i and the monitoring value Z (i + h) at the spatial coordinate point i + h when the central coordinate i of the ith tunnel section changes on the one-dimensional spatial coordinate in the one-dimensional space, namely, the spatial correlation function of the three-dimensional point cloud data Z (i) in the x-axis direction of the one-dimensional spatial coordinate is marked as delta (h), namely
Figure BDA0002974751650000131
Due to the existence of EZ under the condition of satisfying second-order stability (i) ]＝E[Z (i+h) ]Thus, therefore, the
Figure BDA0002974751650000132
Therefore, the changes of the monitoring points in the local range and the specific direction can be reflected according to the spatial correlation function delta (h), the spatial correlation function is used for indicating the spatial positions of different measuring points of the tunnel section surface at the same moment, and the time-varying spatial correlation function of the corresponding tunnel section surface is selected for fitting through the establishment of the spatial correlation function.
Preferably, for the time-varying spatial correlation function in the tunnel construction risk management and control system: the time-varying spatial correlation function is defined as t j Calculating t for a time interval 0 ～t 1 A value of surface variation therebetween, i.e.
Figure BDA0002974751650000133
And at time intervals t j As abscissa, with time-varying spatial correlation function
Figure BDA0002974751650000134
Plotting a time-varying spatial correlation function scatter plot or graph for the ordinate, for a time interval nt j (wherein n is 1,2,3,4.. Nt. j I.e. a certain monitoring period) can be calculated. The time-varying spatial correlation function is used to indicate the trend of the surface of each tunnel section over time.
Preferably, for the feature set in the tunnel construction risk management and control system: at present, the risk control in the construction process of a tunnel shield machine is different from the risk control of other equipment, generally, a tunnel to be built does not have the same risk to be controlled in the whole process, the risk to be controlled of the tunnel to be built also changes along with the change of the environment condition of the tunnel to be built along the process, and the position of the tunnel to be built, which needs to be controlled in the process, needs to be determined for the risk control of crossing the tunnel to be built. In order to correctly reflect the risk control condition of the tunnel to be built, a reliable segmentation condition for traversing the risk source segment needs to be formulated, the whole tunnel to be built is divided into a plurality of tunnel segments, the tunnel segments are used as a single risk control unit, that is, the change value of the feature set is used as the segmentation condition for traversing the risk source segment, when the change value is greater than the preset threshold value, the risk source segment is traversed, otherwise, the risk source segment is not traversed, and the preset change threshold value of the tunnel segment relative to the time-varying spatial correlation function is determined according to the feature set of the tunnel segment.
Specifically, the segmentation condition may be determined according to an actual situation, and the segmentation condition may include a pressure change threshold value borne by a body of the shield machine, a geological change threshold value of a tunnel section currently tunneled by the shield machine, a region level change threshold value of a currently traversed tunnel section, a tunnel burial depth threshold value of a tunnel to be constructed relative to a surface stratum, a river-traversing threshold value of the currently traversed tunnel section, a displacement offset threshold value of the shield machine in the current tunnel section, and the like.
Wherein, the pressure variation threshold value of the shield machine body can be, for example, a value greater than 7%, such as 8%,11%; the geological change threshold of the tunnel section currently being tunneled by the shield machine may be, for example, a value not less than 1, such as 1 or 2; the threshold value of the change of the zone level at which the tunnel section is currently traversed may be, for example, a value not less than 1, such as 1,2,3 or 4, which is determined by the density of the buildings on the ground of the zone; the tunnel burial depth threshold of the tunnel to be built relative to the surface formation may be, for example, a value greater than 7%, such as 8%,11%; the crossing river threshold value of the current crossing tunnel section can be distinguished as yes or no, wherein the yes or no is respectively replaced by quantized 1 and 0, if the current crossing tunnel section is under river, crossing risk source segmentation is carried out, and if the current crossing tunnel section is not under river, crossing risk source segmentation is not carried out.
The displacement offset threshold of the shield machine under the current tunnel segment can be obtained by calculating the displacement deformation of the central axis of the tunnel to be built through the second data processing module 2, the second data processing module 2 calculates the central coordinate and the direction vector of the ith tunnel segment according to the calculation in the third data processing module 3, estimates the central coordinate of the i +1 th tunnel segment by using the central coordinate and the normal vector of the ith tunnel segment, then estimates the central coordinate of the i +2 th tunnel segment by using the central coordinate and the normal vector of the i +1 th tunnel segment, and sequentially calculates and obtains each coordinate value P 'h (i) (x', y ', z') of the central axis of the tunnel to be built, and compares the x in the reference value Ph (i) (x, y, z) of the central coordinate of the ith tunnel segment with the x 'in the central coordinate P' h (i) (x ', y', z ') obtained by each measurement, so as to obtain Δ xh (i) = x' -x, Δ xh (i), and Δ xh (i) is the displacement offset of the ith tunnel segment. And when one or more of the segmentation conditions are met, risk source traversing segmentation is performed, so that the risk source traversing for the tunnel to be built can be completed.
Preferably, for the feature set in the tunnel construction risk management and control system: for each tunnel segment, one or more of the above segmentation conditions that are satisfied are merged as a subset into a feature set for that tunnel segment. For example, if a certain tunnel segment meets the region level change threshold value where the current tunnel segment passes through and the river-passing threshold value where the current tunnel segment passes through, the feature set of the certain tunnel segment is the above two threshold values, and the preset change threshold value β related to the time-varying spatial correlation function is obtained according to the feature set formed by merging.
Wherein, for example, the feature set of a certain tunnel segment is the region level change threshold (assumed here as y) where the current tunnel segment is crossed 1 = 4) and river crossing threshold (assumed here to be y) at which tunnel segment is currently crossed 2 = 1), and y 1 Corresponding to y min Is 1 and y 2 Corresponding to y min Is 0, and according to the preset variation threshold and feature set { y } 1 ,y 2 ,y 3 ......y j Correlation function between
Figure BDA0002974751650000151
Thereby, for a plurality of feature subsets having different dimensions, the influence of different dimensions between the data is eliminated, so that the data have comparability and additivity to obtain the preset variation threshold β with respect to the time-varying spatial correlation function. When the surface variation value calculated by the time-varying spatial correlation function exceeds the predetermined valueAnd when the tunnel section with the variable threshold value is set, an alarm is automatically sent to warn to stop continuing construction, so that corresponding preventive and corrective measures can be taken in time.
Therefore, on the basis of considering the space distribution of the tunnel sections, the tunnel construction risk management and control system provided by the invention simultaneously considers the change characteristics of the environmental conditions of the tunnels to be built along the process thereof on the time dimension of the tunneling process, introduces a plurality of characteristic subsets which influence the tunnel construction risk of the tunnels to be built, and further combines the surface change value calculated by the time-varying spatial correlation function and the preset change threshold calculated by the characteristic sets to realize the effective risk management and control of automatically early warning the tunnel sections exceeding the preset change threshold.
The tunnel construction risk management and control system further comprises a third data processing module 3, the third data processing module 3 is configured to be a BIM three-dimensional information simulation model which is introduced into the tunnel to be constructed before the shield machine performs tunneling, perform crossing risk source segmentation on the BIM three-dimensional information simulation model based on segmentation conditions, divide the tunnel to be constructed into a plurality of tunnel sections along the length direction of the tunnel, and instruct at least one ground three-dimensional laser scanning device to scan the surface of each tunnel section under construction in the tunneling process of the shield machine. Preferably, the tunnel construction risk management and control system further includes a third data processing module 3. The third data processing module 3 is configured to be a BIM three-dimensional informatization simulation model for entering a tunnel to be built before the shield machine performs tunneling. And the third data processing module 3 carries out cross risk source segmentation on the BIM three-dimensional information simulation model based on the segmentation condition. The third data processing module 3 divides the tunnel to be built into a plurality of tunnel sections along the length direction. The third data processing module 3 instructs at least one ground three-dimensional laser scanning device to scan the surface of each tunnel section under construction during the tunneling process of the shield tunneling machine.
According to the method and the device, the tunnel to be built is segmented according to the change condition of the environment condition of the tunnel to be built along the process, the tunnel sections are used as risk control units, the risk to be controlled of each tunnel section in the tunnel sections is obtained based on the change value of the key attribute parameter as the tunnel section segmentation condition, and finally the construction risk of the tunnel to be built can be controlled through the BIM three-dimensional information measurement model based on the risk to be controlled of each tunnel section.
The first data processing module 1 is further configured to perform information interaction with the second data processing module 2, where the first data processing module 1 combines the change trend generated by the second data processing module 2 with the segmentation condition, re-segments the tunnel to be constructed through the risk source, and indicates the arrangement position of the tunnel environment monitoring points and the monitoring frequency of the tunnel environment monitoring points based on the tunnel segment obtained after re-segmentation. According to a preferred embodiment, the first data processing module 1 is further configured to perform information interaction with the second data processing module 2. The first data processing module 1 combines the change trend generated by the second data processing module 2 with the segmentation condition and carries out traversing risk source segmentation on the tunnel to be built again. The first data processing module 1 indicates the arrangement position of the tunnel environment monitoring points and the monitoring frequency of the tunnel environment monitoring points based on the tunnel section obtained after the segmentation is carried out again.
The first data processing module 1 determines at least three continuous tunnel sections with different tunnel section lengths before the shield machine performs tunneling, and indicates a preliminary correction process of the BIM three-dimensional information-based simulation model based on a spatial correlation function between the surfaces of the at least three continuous tunnel sections, wherein the preliminary correction process can provide preliminary parameter optimization for subsequent shield machine construction. According to a preferred embodiment, the first data processing module 1 determines at least three consecutive tunnel sections of different tunnel section lengths from each other before the shield machine performs the shield tunneling. The first data processing module 1 indicates a preliminary correction process of the BIM three-dimensional informatization simulation model based on a spatial correlation function between at least three successive tunnel segment surfaces. The preliminary correction process can provide preliminary parameter optimization for subsequent shield tunneling machine construction.
The first data processing module 1 determines the lengths of the tunnel sections and the first tunnel section, the second tunnel section and the third tunnel section which are different from each other and are continuous with each other and the predicted working condition parameter combination of the shield machine corresponding to the first tunnel section based on the imported BIM three-dimensional informatization simulation model before the shield machine tunnels. And the first data processing module 1 acquires stratum change information and an axis deviation trend in the process of indicating the shield machine to finish the first tunnel section by the predicted working condition parameter combination. And the first data processing module 1 generates at least one corresponding working condition parameter combination to be optimized under each scene set according to the stratum change information and the axis deviation trend. The first data processing module 1 respectively calculates at least one working condition parameter combination to be optimized based on a genetic algorithm and generates a working condition parameter optimal solution combination when meeting the specified convergence basis.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, a method for managing and controlling a risk of tunnel construction based on space time parameters at least includes the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the steps of entering a BIM three-dimensional information simulation model of a tunnel to be built before a shield machine performs tunneling, performing crossing risk source segmentation on the BIM three-dimensional information simulation model based on segmentation conditions, dividing the tunnel to be built into a plurality of tunnel sections along the length direction of the tunnel to be built, and indicating at least one ground three-dimensional laser scanning device to scan the surface of each tunnel section under construction in the tunneling process of the shield machine.
According to a preferred embodiment, step S1 comprises at least the following steps: the method comprises the steps of determining at least three continuous tunnel sections with different tunnel section lengths from each other before the shield machine tunnels, and indicating a preliminary correction process of the BIM three-dimensional informatization simulation model based on a spatial correlation function between the surfaces of the at least three continuous tunnel sections, wherein the preliminary correction process can provide preliminary parameter optimization for subsequent shield machine construction.
Further preferably, the step S1 further comprises the steps of: and before the shield machine tunnels, determining the lengths of the tunnel sections and the first tunnel section, the second tunnel section, the third tunnel section and the predicted working condition parameter combination of the shield machine corresponding to the first tunnel section, which are different from each other and are continuous with each other, based on the imported BIM three-dimensional informatization simulation model. And acquiring stratum change information and an axis deviation trend in the process of indicating the shield machine to finish the first tunnel section by the predicted working condition parameter combination, and generating at least one corresponding working condition parameter combination to be optimized under each scene set according to the stratum change information and the axis deviation trend. And respectively calculating at least one working condition parameter combination to be optimized based on a genetic algorithm and generating a working condition parameter optimal solution combination when meeting the specified convergence basis.
S2: and carrying out data processing on a plurality of three-dimensional point cloud data of the surface of each tunnel section acquired by a plurality of ground three-dimensional laser scanning devices and the corresponding three-dimensional coordinates thereof in a space coordinate system to determine a space correlation function between the surfaces of the continuous tunnel sections in the three-dimensional coordinates, and indicating an imported BIM three-dimensional information simulation model to correct based on the space correlation function so as to acquire a dynamically updated BIM three-dimensional information measurement model of the tunnel to be built.
S3: the detection values of the surfaces of different tunnel sections in the space correlation function are analyzed, the time-varying space correlation function of the surface of each tunnel section is determined, the change trend of the surface of each tunnel section along with time is indicated based on the time-varying space correlation function, the calculated surface change value and a preset change threshold value are judged, and automatic early warning is carried out on the tunnel sections exceeding the preset change threshold value.
Preferably, step S3 comprises at least the following steps: and extracting feature sets related to the surfaces of the tunnel sections and time change curves of the feature sets from the spatial correlation function, performing data processing on the extracted feature sets in a preset period to generate change trends of the time change curves of the extracted feature sets, and analyzing deformation conditions of the surfaces of the tunnel sections based on preset change thresholds.
Further preferably, step S3 further comprises the steps of: calculating the displacement deformation of the central axis of the tunnel to be built so as to quantify the overall displacement monitoring condition of the tunnel to be built, calculating the central coordinate and the direction vector of the ith tunnel section in the processing of the third data processing module 3, estimating the central coordinate of the (i + 1) th tunnel section by using the central coordinate and the normal vector of the ith tunnel section, then estimating the central coordinate of the (i + 2) th tunnel section by using the central coordinate and the normal vector of the (i + 1) th tunnel section, sequentially calculating to obtain coordinate values (x ', y', z ') of the central axis of the tunnel to be built, comparing x in the reference value (x, y, z) of the central coordinate of the ith tunnel section with x' in the central coordinate (x ', y', z ') of the ith tunnel section obtained in each measurement, and obtaining delta = x' -x, wherein delta is the displacement offset of the ith tunnel section.
Further preferably, the characteristic set of the spatial correlation function at least includes one or several of a measured point distance characteristic and a measured point position characteristic of three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the tunnel segment surface, a thrust characteristic of the shield machine, a posture characteristic of the shield machine and a turning radius characteristic, and the parameter set of the time-varying spatial correlation function at least includes one or several of a measured point amplitude of the measured point distance parameter, a ratio of measured point amplitudes of at least two tunnel segment surfaces which are continuous with each other, and a standard deviation of background noise, wherein the spatial correlation function is used for indicating spatial positions of different measured points of the tunnel segment surface at the same time, and the time-varying spatial correlation function is used for indicating spatial position changes of the same measured point on the tunnel segment surface at different times.
S4: the first data processing module 1 is further configured to perform information interaction with the second data processing module 2, where the first data processing module 1 re-segments the tunnel to be built through the risk source based on the combination of the change trend generated by the second data processing module 2 and the segmentation condition, and indicates the arrangement position of the tunnel environment monitoring points and the monitoring frequency of the tunnel environment monitoring points based on the tunnel segment obtained after re-segmentation.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary, and that those skilled in the art, having benefit of this disclosure, may devise various solutions which are within the scope of this disclosure and are within the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present specification and figures are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. A shield engineering auxiliary system combining three-dimensional scanning with BIM technology is characterized in that the shield engineering auxiliary system at least comprises a plurality of ground three-dimensional laser scanning devices and a plurality of data processing modules, wherein,
the first data processing module (1) is configured to: processing data of a plurality of three-dimensional point cloud data of the surface of each tunnel section acquired by a plurality of ground three-dimensional laser scanning devices and corresponding three-dimensional coordinates thereof in a space coordinate system to determine a space correlation function between the surfaces of continuous tunnel sections in the three-dimensional coordinates, and indicating an imported BIM three-dimensional informatization simulation model to correct based on the space correlation function to acquire a dynamically updated BIM three-dimensional informatization measurement model of the tunnel to be built,
wherein, the space correlation function is defined as the space correlation function delta (h) of the three-dimensional point cloud data Z (i) in the x-axis direction of the one-dimensional space coordinate under the one-dimensional space, wherein,
Figure FDA0003898599660000011
the space correlation function is used for indicating the space positions of different measuring points of the tunnel section surface at the same moment, and the time-varying space correlation function can be established for the corresponding tunnel section based on the space correlation function delta (h)The surface is fitted and then the surface is fitted,
the shield engineering auxiliary system also comprises a third data processing module (3), the third data processing module (3) is configured to be a BIM three-dimensional information simulation model which is introduced into a tunnel to be built before the shield machine carries out tunneling, a crossing risk source segmentation is carried out on the BIM three-dimensional information simulation model based on segmentation conditions, the tunnel to be built is divided into a plurality of tunnel sections along the length direction of the tunnel to be built, at least one ground three-dimensional laser scanning device is instructed to scan the surface of each tunnel section under construction during the tunneling process of the shield machine,
the first data processing module (1) is further used for carrying out information interaction with a second data processing module (2), the first data processing module (1) is combined with the segmentation condition based on the change trend generated by the second data processing module (2) and carries out cross risk source segmentation on the tunnel to be built again, and indicates the arrangement position of tunnel environment monitoring points and the monitoring frequency of the tunnel environment monitoring points based on the tunnel section obtained after segmentation again.
2. The shield engineering auxiliary system according to claim 1, wherein the segment condition includes one or more of a pressure change threshold value of a body of the shield machine, a geological change threshold value of a tunnel section currently driven by the shield machine, a region grade change threshold value of a current tunnel section to be traversed, a tunnel burial depth threshold value of a tunnel to be constructed relative to a surface stratum, a river-traversing threshold value of the current tunnel section to be traversed, and a displacement offset threshold value of the shield machine under the current tunnel section.
3. The shield tunneling auxiliary system according to claim 2, wherein the second data processing module (2) is further configured to calculate a displacement deformation of a central axis of the tunnel to be constructed, the second data processing module (2) estimates a central coordinate and a direction vector of the i-th tunnel segment from the central coordinate and the direction vector of the i-th tunnel segment calculated in the processing of the third data processing module (3), and estimates a central coordinate of the i + 1-th tunnel segment from the central coordinate and the normal vector of the i + 1-th tunnel segment, and then estimates a central coordinate of the i + 2-th tunnel segment from the central coordinate and the normal vector of the i + 1-th tunnel segment, and calculates coordinate values (x ', y ', z ') of a central axis of the tunnel to be constructed in sequence, and compares x ' in the reference value (x, y, z) of the central coordinate of the i-th tunnel segment with x ' in the central coordinate (x ', y ', z ') of the i-th tunnel segment obtained in each measurement to obtain Δ = x ' -x, which is a displacement offset of the i-th tunnel segment.
4. The shield tunneling assist system according to claim 3, wherein the first data processing module (1) determines at least three consecutive tunnel segments having different tunnel segment lengths from each other before the shield tunneling machine tunnels, and indicates a preliminary correction process of the BIM three-dimensional informatization simulation model based on a spatial correlation function between surfaces of the at least three consecutive tunnel segments, the preliminary correction process being capable of providing preliminary parameter optimization for subsequent shield tunneling machine construction.
5. Shield engineering auxiliary system according to claim 4, characterized in that the second data processing module (2) is configured to extract from the spatial correlation function a set of features relating to the surface of each tunnel segment and a temporal profile of the set of features thereof, and to generate a trend of the temporal profile with respect to the extracted set of features by data processing of the set of features extracted over a predetermined period, and to analyze the deformation of the surface of each tunnel segment based on a preset threshold of variation.
6. A shield engineering auxiliary method combining three-dimensional scanning with BIM technology is characterized by at least comprising the following steps:
processing data of a plurality of three-dimensional point cloud data of the surface of each tunnel section acquired by a plurality of ground three-dimensional laser scanning devices and corresponding three-dimensional coordinates thereof in a space coordinate system to determine a space correlation function between the surfaces of continuous tunnel sections in the three-dimensional coordinates, and indicating an imported BIM three-dimensional informatization simulation model to correct based on the space correlation function to acquire a dynamically updated BIM three-dimensional informatization measurement model of the tunnel to be built,
wherein the spatial correlation function is defined as a spatial correlation function δ (h) of the three-dimensional point cloud data Z (i) in the x-axis direction of the one-dimensional space coordinate under the one-dimensional space, wherein,
Figure FDA0003898599660000031
the space correlation function is used for indicating the space positions of different measuring points of the tunnel section surface at the same moment, and the time-varying space correlation function can be used for fitting the corresponding tunnel section surface based on the establishment of the space correlation function delta (h),
the method comprises the steps of entering a BIM three-dimensional information simulation model of a tunnel to be built before the shield machine carries out tunneling, carrying out crossing risk source segmentation on the BIM three-dimensional information simulation model based on segmentation conditions, dividing the tunnel to be built into a plurality of tunnel sections along the length direction of the tunnel to be built, indicating at least one ground three-dimensional laser scanning device to scan the surface of each tunnel section under construction in the tunneling process of the shield machine,
and based on the combination of the change trend generated by the second data processing module (2) and the segmentation condition, the tunnel to be built is re-segmented by passing through the risk source, and based on the tunnel segment obtained after re-segmentation, the arrangement position of the tunnel environment monitoring points and the monitoring frequency of the tunnel environment monitoring points are indicated.
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