CN112895057A - Embedding method of fiber grating sensor based on 3D printing technology - Google Patents
Embedding method of fiber grating sensor based on 3D printing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN112895057A CN112895057A CN202110053712.XA CN202110053712A CN112895057A CN 112895057 A CN112895057 A CN 112895057A CN 202110053712 A CN202110053712 A CN 202110053712A CN 112895057 A CN112895057 A CN 112895057A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/48—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by removing material from solid section preforms for forming hollow articles, e.g. by punching or boring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
- B28B11/247—Controlling the humidity during curing, setting or hardening
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
- B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
- B28B13/021—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles by fluid pressure acting directly on the material, e.g. using vacuum, air pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
- B28B17/0063—Control arrangements
- B28B17/0081—Process control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an embedding method of a fiber grating sensor based on a 3D printing technology, which comprises the following steps: determining model parameters and embedding information of the fiber bragg grating sensor in the model; generating a 3D digital model according to the model parameters and the embedding information by using modeling software, and importing the model into a control system to generate a printing path; printing the model by the 3D printing equipment to the height of the fiber grating sensor to be embedded, pausing the printing process, utilizing a material reducing manufacturing machine to etch according to the set printing path, embedding the fiber grating sensor in the excavation path after excavation is finished, and then continuously printing the upper model to cover the fiber grating until the model printing is finished; according to the invention, when the 3D printing model is printed to the height of the embedded fiber grating sensor, the material reducing manufacturing machine is used for accurately scribing the embedding path of the fiber grating, so that the purposes of avoiding fiber damage and accurately and conveniently embedding the fiber grating are achieved, and the problems of inconvenient operation, inaccurate positioning, damage to the overall strength of the model by a drilling and grouting method, inaccurate measured data and the like of the conventional fiber grating direct-embedding method are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to an embedding method of a fiber grating sensor based on a 3D printing technology.
Background
In the 70 s of the 20 th century, optical fiber sensing technology developed rapidly. The fiber grating technology has the characteristics of real-time performance, small volume, no electromagnetic interference, good durability, easy realization of monitoring automation and the like. Due to the unique advantages of the optical fiber sensing technology, the optical fiber sensing technology is widely applied to the actual engineering and physical model test monitoring research in many fields such as tunnels, aerospace, mining and the like. The physical model in the civil engineering field mainly comprises two manufacturing methods of traditional pouring and concrete 3D printing. The fiber grating sensor is applied more in the traditional physical model manufacturing method at present, is applied less in the 3D printing technology, and is mainly and intensively applied to the fused deposition type 3D printing technology for printing the packaging material of the fiber grating sensor.
At present, based on two model manufacturing modes of traditional pouring and concrete 3D printing, the fiber grating sensor is commonly embedded by a direct embedding method and a drilling grouting (cement mortar or silica gel) method. However, the direct burial method is suitable for burying a small number of sensors in a simple form such as a linear form, has the defects of slow manual positioning speed, poor accuracy and the like under the condition that a plurality of sensors are distributed in a single layer and the burying mode is complex, and leads the sensors to generate certain displacement due to the pouring and the vibration of upper concrete; the drilling grouting method has the defects of influencing the structural integrity and strength, weakening the strain transmissibility of the fiber grating sensor and the like. For example, in both the method for protecting and positioning the fiber bragg grating embedded in the composite material under the publication number CN101493544A and the apparatus and method for laying the optical fiber under the publication number CN106767480A based on 3D printing, the method is a direct-embedding method in which holes are reserved after the model printing is completed, the positioning speed is slow, the precision is poor, and the diameter of the opening of the fiber bragg grating is certainly larger than the diameter of the fiber bragg grating, thereby further causing the positioning deviation of the fiber bragg grating. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for embedding a fiber grating sensor based on a 3D printing technique to solve the problem of low embedding accuracy of a fiber grating.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a 3D printing technology-based embedding method of a fiber grating sensor to achieve the purposes of avoiding fiber damage, improving the embedding accuracy of fiber gratings, reducing the influence on the overall strength of a model and improving the accuracy of monitoring data.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a 3D printing technology-based embedding method of a fiber grating sensor, which comprises the following steps:
determining model parameters and information of embedding the fiber grating sensor in the model according to theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results;
designing and generating a three-dimensional digital model according to model parameters and embedding information by utilizing modeling software, and importing the three-dimensional digital model into a control system to generate a printing path;
printing a model to the height of the fiber grating sensor to be embedded by using 3D printing equipment, pausing the printing process, etching at the height by using a material reducing manufacturing machine according to the set printing path, reducing and excavating along the path of the fiber grating to be embedded, embedding the fiber grating sensor in the excavation path after the excavation is finished, and then continuously printing an upper model by using the 3D printing equipment to cover the fiber grating until the whole model is printed and stops working.
Preferably, the embedded information includes the fiber grating sensor layout shape, the key point three-dimensional position information and the fiber diameter.
Preferably, the material of the model comprises portland cement, quartz sand, quartz powder, silica fume, copper slag powder, water and additives.
Preferably, the 3D printing apparatus and the driving device of the material reducing and manufacturing machine are two-arm robots, and two arms of the two-arm robots respectively control the 3D printing apparatus and the material reducing and manufacturing machine.
Preferably, the material of the model is placed in a storage pumping system, a pump truck and a vibrator are started, and the model material is pumped into a pipeline, wherein the pipeline is connected with a printing head of the 3D printing equipment.
Preferably, the discharge hole of the 3D printing equipment is a sharp-mouth-shaped discharge hole, and the cutting tool of the material reducing and manufacturing machine is a needle-shaped tool.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. according to the invention, when the 3D printing model is used for printing the height of the embedded fiber grating sensor, the embedding path of the fiber grating is accurately scribed by the material reducing manufacturing machine, so that the purposes of avoiding fiber damage and accurately and conveniently embedding the fiber grating are achieved, the problems of inconvenient operation and inaccurate positioning of the conventional fiber grating direct embedding method and the conventional drilling and grouting method are avoided, meanwhile, the excavation size can be customized according to the diameter of the optical fiber by using the 3D printing equipment and the material reducing manufacturing machine, so that the effect of just fitting the optical fiber with the excavation hole is achieved, other materials are not required to be poured in the later stage, and the labor cost and the time cost are reduced.
2. The embedded information comprises the arrangement shape of the fiber grating sensor, the three-dimensional position information of key points and the diameter of the optical fiber, the arrangement position of the fiber grating sensor in the model can be accurately determined through the arrangement shape and the three-dimensional position information of the fiber grating sensor, the diameter of the optical fiber can provide an accurate material reducing path for material reduction of a material reducing machine, an accurate and reliable data base is provided for subsequent positioning and embedding of the optical fiber, and the optical fiber sensor can obtain data information in the model according to the optimized design.
3. According to the invention, the model material is placed in the material storage pumping system, the pump truck and the vibrator are started, the model material is pumped into the pipeline, the pipeline is connected with the printing head of the 3D printing equipment, the model material can be rapidly conveyed into the 3D printing equipment due to the pumping capacity of the pump truck, the impact force given to the model material by the pump truck can enable the model material to be rapidly and efficiently output in the 3D printing equipment, and the problem of blockage of the discharge port of the 3D printing equipment due to insufficient impact force is avoided.
4. After the model is finished, standing is carried out until the model is initially set, the model is transferred into a concrete standard curing room for curing, after the cement-based material is cured, the parameters such as density, strength, elastic modulus and the like of the cement-based material are very close to those of a rock material, and the compressive strength-to-tensile strength ratio of the material can reach 10: 1 or more, according to the characteristic of brittle fracture.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention or technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embedding method of a fiber grating sensor based on a 3D printing technology;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a 3D printing technology-based embedding method of a fiber grating sensor to achieve the purposes of avoiding fiber damage, improving the embedding accuracy of fiber gratings, reducing the influence on the overall strength of a model and improving the accuracy of monitoring data.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention discloses a 3D printing technology-based embedding method for a fiber grating sensor, comprising the following steps: determining model parameters and information of embedding the fiber grating sensor in the model according to theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results; designing and generating a 3D digital model according to model parameters and embedding information by using modeling software, and importing the model into a control system to generate a printing path; printing a model to the height of the fiber grating sensor to be embedded by using 3D printing equipment, pausing the printing process, etching at the height by using a material reducing manufacturing machine according to the set printing path, reducing and excavating along the path of the fiber grating to be embedded, embedding the fiber grating sensor in the excavation path after the excavation is finished, and then continuously printing an upper model by using the 3D printing equipment to cover the fiber grating until the whole model is printed and stops working; according to the invention, when the 3D printing model is used for printing the height of the embedded fiber grating sensor, the embedding path of the fiber grating is accurately scribed by the material reducing manufacturing machine, so that the purposes of avoiding fiber damage and accurately and conveniently embedding the fiber grating are achieved, the problems of inconvenient operation, inaccurate positioning, damage to the overall strength of the model by a drilling and grouting method, inaccuracy of measured data and the like of the conventional fiber grating direct-embedding method are avoided, meanwhile, the excavation size can be customized according to the diameter of the optical fiber by using the 3D printing equipment and the material reducing manufacturing machine, the effect of just fitting the optical fiber with the excavation hole is achieved, other materials do not need to be poured in the later period, and the labor cost and the time cost are.
Furthermore, the embedded information comprises the distribution shape of the fiber grating sensor, the three-dimensional position information of the key point and the fiber diameter, the distribution position of the fiber grating sensor in the model can be accurately determined through the distribution shape and the three-dimensional position information of the fiber grating sensor, the fiber diameter can provide an accurate material reducing path (material reducing depth) when the material reducing machine carries out material reduction, an accurate and reliable data base is provided for subsequent fiber positioning and embedding, and the fiber sensor can obtain data information in the model according to the optimized design.
Further, when preparing the cement-based material of the model, weighing portland cement, quartz sand, quartz powder, silica fume, copper slag powder, water and an additive according to a proportion, putting the weighed materials into a stirring pot for mixing and stirring, starting the stirring pot for stirring for 300 seconds until the mixed cement-based material is completely mixed, and continuously and smoothly extruding the materials from palms to finish the stirring process; still further, the preferred mass mixing ratio of the portland cement, the quartz sand, the quartz powder, the silica fume, the copper slag powder, the water and the additives is as follows: 4: 4: 2: 0.5: 1.5: 1.8: 0.05, the fluidity of the cement-based material is met, and the strength of the cement-based material is not reduced.
Further, 3D printing apparatus with subtract the drive arrangement that the material was made machine and be the double-armed robot, two arms of double-armed robot control 3D printing apparatus respectively and subtract the material and make the machine, can carry out nimble transferring to 3D printing apparatus and subtract the position that the material was made machine, and transfer the precision height, the accuracy is strong.
Further, cement-based material is placed in storage pumping system, start pump truck and vibrator, with cement-based material pump sending to the pipeline in, the printer head of pipe connection 3D printing apparatus, because the pumping capacity that pump truck itself has, can be with cement-based material rapid transport to 3D printing apparatus in, and the impact force that pump truck itself gave cement-based material can make cement-based material high efficiency's output in 3D printing apparatus, avoided 3D printing apparatus discharge gate because the jam problem that the impact force is not enough to cause.
Further, 3D printing apparatus's discharge gate is sharp mouth form discharge gate, when cement-based material extrudes at sharp mouth form discharge gate, can carry out one to the cement-based material who extrudes and pile up, and the quantity of the ejection of compact is few, the improvement of dephasing 3D printing process's precision, make 3D printing apparatus can carry out a meticulous control to the experimental geological model structure of tunnel, the cement-based material that the discharge gate of having avoided the heavy-calibre caused splashes and 3D printing apparatus is difficult to the problem of printing structure control, and simultaneously, the cutting tool who subtracts material to make the machine is needle cutter, needle-like cutter has improved the cutting precision that subtracts material and has made the machine, it is minimum to fall cutting error.
Further, after the model is finished, standing until the model is initially set, transferring the model into a concrete standard curing room for curing, wherein after the model is cured, the parameters of the model, such as density, strength, elastic modulus and the like, are very close to the parameters of a rock material, and the compressive strength ratio to the tensile strength of the material can reach 10: 1 or more, according with the characteristic of brittle fracture; still further, preferably, the temperature of the concrete standard curing room is controlled at 20 +/-2 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 98%, and the curing time is 28 days.
Furthermore, the tunnel test geological model is cut and formed by using a stone cutting machine, the surface is polished to be flat, and the tunnel test geological model which is preliminarily formed by 3D printing is processed because other unnecessary residual structures inevitably appear on the surface of the tunnel test geological model which is preliminarily formed by 3D printing, so that a good prerequisite condition is provided for the subsequent experiment by using the tunnel test geological model.
The method for manufacturing the tunnel test geological model by the cement-based material 3D printing technology is implemented as follows:
firstly, determining model parameters and information of embedding of the fiber grating sensor in a model according to theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results; designing and generating a 3D three-dimensional digital model according to model parameters and embedding information by utilizing modeling software, wherein the embedding information comprises the arrangement shape of a fiber grating sensor, the three-dimensional position information of key points and the diameter of an optical fiber, and leading into a control system to generate two operation paths of the robot arm for 3D printing additive manufacturing and material reducing filling manufacturing; weighing silicate cement, quartz sand, quartz powder, silica fume, copper slag powder, water and additives according to a proportion, putting the silicate cement, the quartz sand, the quartz powder, the silica fume, the copper slag powder, the water and the additives into a stirring pot for mixing and stirring, starting the stirring pot for stirring for 300 seconds until mixed cement-based materials are completely mixed and can be continuously and smoothly extruded out from a palm, putting the mixture into a storage pumping system, starting a pump truck and a vibrator to enable the mixture to smoothly enter a pumping pipeline, connecting the storage pumping system and a printing head fixed at the end part of a double-arm robot by using a pumping pipe, feeding the printing head by using the pumping pipe, printing a model to the height of the fiber grating sensor to be embedded by using 3D printing equipment, pausing a printing process, etching at the height by using a material reduction manufacturing machine according to the set printing path, reducing and excavating the material along the path of the fiber grating to be embedded, embedding the fiber grating, then, continuously printing an upper model by using 3D printing equipment to cover the fiber bragg grating until the whole model is printed and stops working; and (3) after curing, standing the printed model on a workbench for half a day, transferring the initially-solidified model into a standard curing room for curing for 28 days, removing unnecessary parts by using a stone cutting machine, and grinding the surface of the test piece to finish the embedding of the fiber grating sensor.
The adaptation according to the actual needs is within the scope of the invention.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (8)
1. A3D printing technology-based embedding method for a fiber grating sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining model parameters and information of embedding the fiber grating sensor in the model according to theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results;
designing and generating a three-dimensional digital model according to model parameters and embedding information by utilizing modeling software, and importing the three-dimensional digital model into a control system to generate a printing path;
printing a model to the height of the fiber grating sensor to be embedded by using 3D printing equipment, pausing the printing process, etching at the height by using a material reducing manufacturing machine according to the set printing path, reducing and excavating along the path of the fiber grating to be embedded, embedding the fiber grating sensor in the excavation path after the excavation is finished, and then continuously printing an upper model by using the 3D printing equipment to cover the fiber grating until the whole model is printed and stops working.
2. The embedding method of the fiber grating sensor based on the 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the embedding information comprises the fiber grating sensor layout shape, the three-dimensional key point position information and the fiber diameter.
3. The embedding method of the fiber grating sensor based on the 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of the model comprises portland cement, quartz sand, quartz powder, silica fume, copper slag powder, water and additives.
4. The 3D printing technology-based fiber bragg grating sensor embedding method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the driving device of the 3D printing equipment and the material reducing and manufacturing machine is a double-arm robot, and two arms of the double-arm robot respectively control the 3D printing equipment and the material reducing and manufacturing machine.
5. The embedding method of the fiber grating sensor based on the 3D printing technology is characterized in that the material of the model is placed in a storage material pumping system, a pump truck and a vibrator are started, and the model material is pumped into a pipeline, wherein the pipeline is connected with a printing head of a 3D printing device.
6. The embedding method of the fiber grating sensor based on the 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 5, wherein the discharge port of the 3D printing device is a sharp-nose-shaped discharge port, and the cutting tool of the material reduction manufacturing machine is a needle-shaped tool.
7. The method for embedding the fiber grating sensor based on the 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 5, wherein after the model is printed, the model is placed still until the model is initially set, and then the model is transferred into a concrete standard curing room for curing.
8. The embedding method of the fiber grating sensor based on the 3D printing technology as claimed in claim 7, wherein a stone cutter is used to remove useless remainders on the periphery of the model and polish the surface flat.
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| CN113618870A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-09 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Sensor implantation device and method for three-dimensional printing of cement-based model |
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