CN112886066A - Lithium ion battery and protection method for improving safety performance of lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery and protection method for improving safety performance of lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN112886066A CN112886066A CN202110042206.0A CN202110042206A CN112886066A CN 112886066 A CN112886066 A CN 112886066A CN 202110042206 A CN202110042206 A CN 202110042206A CN 112886066 A CN112886066 A CN 112886066A
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- insulating material
- lithium ion
- ion battery
- protection method
- safety performance
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002367 SrTiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0404—Machines for assembling batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a lithium ion battery and a protection method for improving the safety performance of the lithium ion battery, wherein the protection method comprises the following steps: (1) pressing the required insulating material into a sheet shape, and fixing the sheet shape on the target material; (2) the dry battery core is obtained and fixed in a winding or laminating mode, and the insulating material is irradiated by pulse laser, so that the insulating material is sprayed and deposited to a position to be protected in the edge area of the dry battery core to form a layer of insulating material with the thickness of 100 nanometers-50 micrometers, wherein the position to be protected is one or more of the root part of a tab of the dry battery core, the upper and lower extending positions of a diaphragm and the upper and lower extending positions of a negative electrode. According to the protection method, slurry preparation is not needed according to a conventional method, time and energy consumption are saved, the insulating material is used for insulating and covering the area with the high short-circuit probability in a pulse laser injection mode, the short-circuit probability of the positive electrode and the negative electrode caused by the situation that burrs penetrate through the diaphragm, the lug is inserted reversely and the like is reduced, the short-circuit reject ratio is obviously reduced, the self-discharge rate is reduced, and therefore the safety performance of the battery is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lithium ion battery, in particular to a lithium ion battery and a protection method for improving the safety performance of the lithium ion battery, and particularly relates to a lithium ion battery cell protection method for solving the short circuit risk in the battery.
Background
With the popularization of electric vehicles, safety issues are receiving more and more attention. The existing dry battery core assembly forming method mainly comprises winding or lamination, in the assembly process of the dry battery core and the normal use process of the battery, the upper end face and the lower end face (winding type battery core) or the upper end face, the lower end face, the left end face and the right end face (laminated type battery core) of the battery core, particularly the side of a pole lug easily generates the situations that the diaphragm is punctured by a positive electrode burr generated during die cutting to contact a negative electrode and the pole lug is folded to possibly generate the reverse insertion of the pole lug during ultrasonic welding, and the situations can cause the short circuit of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, thereby causing the safety problems. As energy density increases, short circuit heat production increases, and the probability of thermal runaway also increases. However, in order to improve the safety problem of the battery, the conventional method is to relieve the safety problem more by means of materials such as a ceramic coating diaphragm and a special current collector, and the solution to improve the internal short problem by structural design or manufacturing process innovation of the battery is less.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an insulating material coating, a lithium ion battery and a protection method for improving the safety performance of the lithium ion battery.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the first aspect of the invention provides a protection method for improving the safety performance of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pressing the required insulating material into a sheet shape by a tablet press, and then fixing the sheet on the target material;
(2) the dry battery core is obtained by winding or laminating and is fixed, and the insulating material fixed on the target material is irradiated by pulse laser, so that the insulating material is sprayed and deposited on the position to be protected of the edge area of the dry battery core to form a layer of insulating material with the thickness of 100 nanometers-50 micrometers, wherein the position to be protected is one or more of the root part of a tab of the dry battery core, the upper and lower extending part of a diaphragm and the upper and lower extending part of a negative electrode.
In some embodiments, in the step (2), when the position to be protected is the root of the tab, the coverage area of the insulating material is smaller than or equal to the area of the position outside the tab welding area, preferably the tab area with a height of 0-15 mm upwards from the straight edge area of the tab; . When the spray deposition is carried out, a lug welding area of the dry battery cell is shielded by tools such as a baffle plate, and the welding is protected from being influenced by the pollution of the insulation slurry.
In some embodiments, in the step (2), when the position to be protected is the position where the diaphragm extends upwards and downwards, the covering height of the insulating material is less than or equal to the height of the diaphragm super anode or super cathode, and preferably the full covering is performed at the position where the diaphragm exceeds the anode.
In some embodiments, in step (2), when the position to be protected is a position where the negative electrode extends outward from the upper portion and the lower portion, the coverage height of the insulating material is less than or equal to the height difference between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and preferably the full coverage is performed at the position where the negative electrode extends beyond the positive electrode.
In some embodiments, in step (2), the energy of the pulsed laser is at 100-2And the laser spraying time is 10-30 minutes.
In some embodiments, the insulating material is an inorganic nanoparticle selected from strontium titanate; tin oxide; cerium oxide; magnesium oxide; nickel oxide; calcium oxide; zinc oxide; zirconium dioxide; silicon dioxide; yttrium oxide; alumina; aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH); aluminum hydroxide; titanium dioxide; silicon carbide; barium titanate; hafnium oxide; magnesium hydroxide; at least one of barium sulfate.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a lithium ion battery, which includes a dry battery cell meeting specification requirements, and the dry battery cell is subjected to protection treatment by the protection method for improving the safety performance of the lithium ion battery.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method for improving the safety performance protection of a lithium ion battery, which is characterized in that an insulating material is subjected to insulating covering on an area with a high short-circuit probability in a pulse laser spraying mode, a conventional insulating slurry preparation method is not needed, the insulating material is directly sprayed on a required area, other chemical substances (such as a solvent) are not introduced, the use of harmful substances is reduced, and the process problems caused by instability of the preparation, coating and drying processes of the conventional insulating slurry are solved.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tooling fixture position for cell overhang (overhang) design and pretreatment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pulsed laser spray design according to the present invention;
wherein, 1, a target material; 2. pulse laser; 3. a rotating device; 4. a spray; 5. a diaphragm; 6. a negative electrode; 7. a positive electrode; 8. protecting a tab area, 9, and an upper datum line; 10. lower reference line, 11, dry core.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
In order to solve the risk of short circuit in the battery caused by the burrs at the edge of a dry electric core, the inverted insertion of a tab and the like, the invention provides a protection method, which can solve the risk of short circuit in the battery and has obvious improvement effect on the short circuit in the battery caused by the inverted insertion of the burr and the tab and the like, and the protection method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pressing the required insulating material into a sheet shape by a tablet press, wherein the size and the thickness are not limited, and fixing the insulating material on a target material;
(2) the dry cell is obtained by winding or laminating and is fixed, pulse laser irradiates a target, a high-energy laser sprays and deposits a plume-shaped luminous group generated by ablation of an insulating material to the edge area of the dry cell to be protected of the dry cell, a layer of compact and stable insulating material with the thickness of 100 nanometers-50 micrometers is covered on the area, and the position to be protected is one or more of the root of a tab, the upper and lower extending positions of a diaphragm and the upper and lower extending positions of a cathode.
Preferably, in the step (2), when the position to be protected is the root of the tab, the coverage area of the insulating material is smaller than or equal to the area of the position outside the welding area; preferably covering a tab area with the height of 0-15 mm upwards from the straight edge area of the pole piece;
when the position to be protected is an upper and lower overhanging part (overhang) of the diaphragm, the covering height of the insulating material is less than or equal to the height difference between the diaphragm and the positive (negative) pole; preferably, the membrane is fully covered at the position with super positive pole height;
when the position to be protected is an upper and lower overhanging part (overhang) of the negative electrode, the covering height of the insulating material is smaller than or equal to the height difference between the negative electrode and the positive electrode; preferably, the cathode is fully covered at the super-cathode height.
Preferably, the insulating material is an inorganic nanoparticle comprising strontium titanate (SrTiO)3) (ii) a Tin oxide (SnO)2) (ii) a Cerium oxide (CeO)2) (ii) a Magnesium oxide (MgO); nickel oxide (NiO); calcium oxide (CaO);zinc oxide (ZnO); zirconium dioxide (ZrO)2) (ii) a Silicon dioxide (SiO)2) (ii) a Yttrium oxide (Y)2O3) (ii) a Alumina (Al)2O3) (ii) a Aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH); aluminum hydroxide; titanium dioxide (TiO)2) (ii) a Silicon carbide (SiC); barium titanate (BaTiO)3) (ii) a Hafnium oxide (HfO)2) (ii) a Magnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH)2) (ii) a Barium sulfate (BaSO)4) At least one of (1).
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
Example 1
Insulating material boehmite (AlOOH) is pressed into a tablet by a tablet machine, the tablet is fixed on a target 1 by specific glue, an area needing to be covered by the insulating material is positioned at the spraying position of a plume-shaped luminophor spray 4 of pulse laser 2 by a fixed cell, the area needing not to be covered by the insulating material is isolated by a baffle plate, namely, a tab area 8 is protected, the energy of the pulse laser 2 and the distance between the target and a dry cell are adjusted by a rotating device 3, the plume-shaped luminophor spray 4 generated by ablation of the insulating material is sprayed and deposited by the pulse laser 2, and the laser energy is 200mJ cm2The distance between the target 1 and the dry cell 11 is 100 mm. The dry electric core after winding is sprayed to be level with the straight edge area (namely the upper reference line 9) of the anode 7 by a pulse laser spraying method. Adjusting the height of the dry electric core to enable the spraying height to be flush with the lower edge (namely the lower reference line 10) of the anode 7, and obtaining the dry electric core with the upper edge and the lower edge subjected to protection process treatment, wherein the 10 mm height of the root of a tab of the dry electric core, the 7 mm height of the upper edge of the diaphragm 5, the 2 mm height of the upper edge of the cathode 6, the 3 mm height of the lower edge of the diaphragm and the 1 mm height of the lower edge of the cathode 6 are all covered with a layer of insulating material with the thickness of about 2 micrometers; and then the hot pressing process is carried out.
Example 2
The method is the same as example 1, except that: only protecting the upper edge of the dry battery cell to obtain a layer of insulating material with the thickness of about 2 microns, wherein the height of the root part of a tab of the dry battery cell is 10 mm, the height of the upper edge of the diaphragm 5 is 7 mm, and the height of the upper edge of the negative electrode 6 is 2 mm; and then the hot pressing process is carried out.
Example 3
The method is the same as example 2, except that: only adjusting the spraying height to be flush with the upper edge of the negative electrode 6 to obtain a part of the dry core electrode root between 2 mm and 10 mm from the straight edge area (namely the upper reference line 9) of the positive electrode 7 and a layer of insulating material with the thickness of about 2 microns covered on the upper edge 5 mm of the diaphragm 5; and then the hot pressing process is carried out.
Example 4
The method is the same as example 1, except that: only protecting the lower edge of the dry electric core to obtain a layer of insulating material with the thickness of about 2 microns, wherein the height of the lower edge of the dry electric core diaphragm 5 is 3 mm, and the height of the lower edge of the negative electrode 6 is 1 mm; and then the hot pressing process is carried out.
Comparative example 1
The wound dry electric core with the same structure as that of the embodiment 1 is selected, the protection treatment of the insulating material is not carried out, and the hot-pressing process is directly and normally transferred.
The coverage of the insulating material for each of the examples and comparative examples is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1, examples and comparative examples insulation cover
After the treatment according to the embodiment and the comparative example is finished, 5000 cells in each group are respectively transferred to a hot pressing process, and then welding, packaging, injecting, forming, sealing and grading are carried out on the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab. After packaging, respectively carrying out high-voltage insulation short circuit test on each battery, and respectively randomly selecting 50 batteries with different capacities to carry out normal-temperature self-discharge test. Wherein the high-voltage insulation short circuit test is that the naked electric core switch-on 200V voltage lasts for 5s after the hot pressing, and the short circuit proportion is counted. The normal temperature self-discharge test is that the cell after capacity grading is subjected to 1/3C capacity calibration, the cell is connected to a static SOC-OCV table to record voltage, then the cell is fully charged to 100% SOC, the voltage V1 is recorded, the voltage V2 is recorded after the cell is stored for 30 days at 25 ℃, and the corresponding SOC state difference value of the voltage difference before and after storage is obtained through the corresponding SOC-OCV table, wherein the SOC difference value is the normal temperature monthly self-discharge rate; the comparative data are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 comparative data for electrical property testing
| Electrical Properties | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Comparative example 1 |
| Hi-pot failure | 200ppm | 400ppm | 1200ppm | 2200ppm | 2600ppm |
| Self discharge rate/month | 0.41％ | 0.70％ | 1.23％ | 1.92％ | 2.20％ |
From the results in table 2, the main reasons for the high short-circuit defective rate and self-discharge rate are from the tab area (40-53%), and may be the causes of tab cracking or tab reverse insertion; secondly, an upper edge area (20% -30%) possibly causes short circuit when burrs pierce the diaphragm; the improvement after insulating the lower edge is limited (10% -15%), and it is likely that circular knife slitting (the cutting mode used for the lower edge generation) will result in a lower probability of burr generation and burr length than mechanical top and bottom die cutting (the cutting mode used for the upper edge generation); in the embodiment 1, the upper and lower edges and the root of the tab are fully covered, short circuit still occurs at a certain probability, the monthly self-discharge rate still remains 0.41 percent, and the short circuit may be caused by metal impurities in raw materials or dust introduction in the manufacturing process, but the safety performance is greatly improved compared with the prior art in the comparative example 1.
The difference between the example 3 and the comparative example 1 is that the protection of the tab is not provided, and 2600-1200 ppm is 1400 ppm. This portion can be understood as an increased disadvantage when the tab is unprotected, so 1400/2600 is 53%;
examples 2 and 3 compare, increase the edge protection under the premise of protecting the tab, the difference is 800ppm, 800/2600 is 30.7%;
example 4 and comparative example 1, with increased lower edge protection, the difference was 400ppm, 400/2600-15%;
example 1 and comparative example 1, which are full protection of the upper and lower edges + the tabs, still have 200ppm defects, partly due to process problems, since short circuits are a probabilistic event, the experimental process may not be dust controlled well, and cannot be eliminated completely by insulation protection.
In conclusion, the protection process method provided by the invention does not need to prepare slurry according to a conventional method, so that the time and the energy consumption are saved, the insulating material is used for insulating and covering the area with higher short-circuit probability in a pulse laser injection mode, the short-circuit probability of the positive electrode and the negative electrode caused by the conditions that burrs puncture a diaphragm, the lugs are inserted reversely and the like is reduced, the short-circuit reject ratio is obviously reduced, the self-discharge rate is reduced, and the safety performance of the battery is improved.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (7)
1. A protection method for improving the safety performance of a lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pressing the required insulating material into a sheet shape by a tablet press, and then fixing the sheet on the target material;
(2) the dry battery core is obtained by winding or laminating and is fixed, and the insulating material fixed on the target material is irradiated by pulse laser, so that the insulating material is sprayed and deposited on the position to be protected of the edge area of the dry battery core to form a layer of insulating material with the thickness of 100 nanometers-50 micrometers, wherein the position to be protected is one or more of the root part of a tab of the dry battery core, the upper and lower extending part of a diaphragm and the upper and lower extending part of a negative electrode.
2. The protection method for improving the safety performance of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), when the position to be protected is the root of the tab, the coverage area of the insulating material is smaller than or equal to the area of the position outside the tab welding area.
3. The protection method for improving the safety performance of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), when the position to be protected is a position where the diaphragm extends upwards and downwards, the covering height of the insulating material is less than or equal to the height of the diaphragm super-anode or super-cathode.
4. The protection method for improving the safety performance of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), when the position to be protected is a position where the negative electrode extends outward from the upper portion to the lower portion, the coverage height of the insulating material is less than or equal to the height difference between the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
5. The protection method for improving the safety performance of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the energy of the pulse laser is 100-300 mJ-cm2And the laser spraying time is 10-30 minutes.
6. The protection method for improving the safety performance of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the insulating material is inorganic nanoparticles selected from strontium titanate; tin oxide; cerium oxide; magnesium oxide; nickel oxide; calcium oxide; zinc oxide; zirconium dioxide; silicon dioxide; yttrium oxide; alumina; aluminum oxyhydroxide; aluminum hydroxide; titanium dioxide; silicon carbide; barium titanate; hafnium oxide; magnesium hydroxide; at least one of barium sulfate.
7. A lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising a dry battery cell meeting specification requirements, wherein the dry battery cell is subjected to protection treatment by the protection method for improving the safety performance of the lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN112886066B (en) | 2023-02-17 |
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