CN112865867A - Direct-modulation single-fiber optical information and energy simultaneous transmission system and method based on multifunctional photovoltaic detector - Google Patents

Direct-modulation single-fiber optical information and energy simultaneous transmission system and method based on multifunctional photovoltaic detector Download PDF

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CN112865867A
CN112865867A CN202110025150.8A CN202110025150A CN112865867A CN 112865867 A CN112865867 A CN 112865867A CN 202110025150 A CN202110025150 A CN 202110025150A CN 112865867 A CN112865867 A CN 112865867A
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photovoltaic
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CN112865867B (en
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易兴文
胡泽雨
潘竞顺
沈乐成
李朝晖
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Sun Yat Sen University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25Arrangements specific to fibre transmission

Abstract

The invention provides a direct modulation single fiber optical signal energy simultaneous transmission system based on a multifunctional photovoltaic detector, which relates to the technical field of optical fiber communication and solves the problems that a multiplexing and demultiplexing device and a coupler which can bear high-power laser are needed when a traditional laser energy transmission special optical fiber simultaneously transmits optical signals, the system structure is complex, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is low; the optical signal receiving module extracts optical signals for photoelectric conversion, and the system is simple in structure and high in photoelectric conversion rate.

Description

Direct-modulation single-fiber optical information and energy simultaneous transmission system and method based on multifunctional photovoltaic detector
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber communication, in particular to a direct-modulation single-fiber optical signal energy simultaneous transmission system and method based on a multifunctional photovoltaic detector.
Background
The interconnection of micro sensors based on the optical information energy simultaneous transmission system is always a research hotspot in the field of optical fiber sensing, and has very high requirement on the stability of sensor equipment in the optical fiber interconnection, particularly in some chemical laboratory scenes, a large number of sensing devices are needed for monitoring the concentration of toxic gas and temperature and humidity, the traditional electric wire energy supply has the risk of exposing copper wires and generating electric sparks, and compared with the prior art, the optical fiber has stable physical and chemical properties, and does not transmit electric signals in the optical fiber, and the problem of simultaneous energy supply and communication of the sensors can be solved by the technology of optical information energy simultaneous transmission (POF). The photovoltaic battery pack at the light receiving end can be used for converting light energy in the optical fiber into electric energy, and meanwhile, the optical fiber is a basic waveguide medium and transmits light signals while providing high-power laser so as to meet the basic communication requirement of the sensor.
The optical information energy common transmission can be divided into single-fiber information energy common transmission and double-fiber information energy common transmission, wherein the double-fiber scheme light energy and information are transmitted separately, and a plurality of solutions are provided for researchers at home and abroad. The double-fiber scheme is based on two optical fibers, the multimode optical fiber is used for leading in high-energy 830-970 nm laser, and the receiving end is connected to the photoelectric converter for light energy transmission; and the other single-mode optical fiber is used for transmitting 1550nm laser, and a dual-fiber system can realize simultaneous transmission of high-bandwidth and high-energy information and energy, but the structure of the dual-fiber system is slightly redundant, so that a simpler single-fiber transmission scheme is provided by scientists. The scheme has a simple system structure, can realize simultaneous transmission of large bandwidth and high energy, and has the difficulty that the special optical fiber and the corresponding coupler and signal light stripper thereof are difficult to prepare and introduce loss, and are difficult to obtain larger efficiency; secondly, single mode fiber is adopted, the energy laser band is 1480nm, the signal light band is 1550nm, and shunting and demodulation are carried out at the receiving end, but corresponding functional devices need to bear large optical power, and the cost is high.
Current injection modulation, i.e., intra-laser modulation, has been studied as early as over 40 years ago for small-signal current injection modulation of lasers, and is a mature and simple modulation method. The method is mainly characterized in that the single-frequency 1MHz laser using internal modulation for the Xiang Zhu verifies that current injection modulation is to directly modulate an optical intensity signal, theoretical and experimental verification is provided, an example of using the internal modulation VCSEL laser is provided in China, for example, in 2019, Huxu and other people publish the article of 'internal modulation characteristic of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser' in a journal of laser and infrared, and suggest that using the internal modulation single-path light for optical information energy simultaneous transmission is provided, the specific scheme is not related, the main reason is that the adjustable bandwidth is limited, the photoelectric energy conversion material efficiency is not high, and the method is an extremely efficient solution under the conditions that the bandwidth is required and the energy is not strict.
The photovoltaic cell (PV) is used for directly converting light energy into electric energy, the photovoltaic cell which works with a photoelectric effect is taken as a main stream, light irradiates on a semiconductor p-n junction to form a new hole-electron pair, under the action of a p-n junction electric field, a hole flows from an n area to a p area, an electron flows from the p area to the n area, and a circuit is switched on to form current. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the GaAs material in an optical band of 790-850 nm can reach 52%, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the InGaAs material in an optical band of 915-980 nm can reach 34%, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the InP material in an optical band of 1400-1550 nm can reach 26%. The total photoelectric conversion efficiency of the system is a main reference index for measuring the transmission efficiency of optical information energy and transmission energy, and the influencing factors comprise optical transmission loss, insertion loss of an optical device and conversion efficiency of a photovoltaic cell, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the optical receiving end is low at present and needs to be improved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that a special optical fiber and a coupler thereof are difficult to prepare in the traditional scheme, the system structure is complex, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is low, the invention provides a direct modulation single-fiber optical signal energy simultaneous transmission system and a direct modulation single-fiber optical signal energy simultaneous transmission method based on a multifunctional photovoltaic detector, so that the system structure complexity is reduced, and the photoelectric conversion rate is improved.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a directly-modulated single-fiber optical signal energy simultaneous transmission system based on a multifunctional photovoltaic detector comprises: the device comprises a signal generator, a direct current power supply, a DC bias device, a continuous semiconductor laser, a waveguide medium, a multifunctional photovoltaic detector for primary light receiving and signal energy separation, a light energy receiving module and a light signal receiving module, wherein a modulation electric signal generated by the signal generator and a direct current signal generated by the direct current power supply are input into the DC bias device, are used as a mixed driving source of the continuous semiconductor laser after being biased and mixed by the DC bias device, the light output end of the semiconductor laser is connected with the waveguide medium, the output end of the waveguide medium is connected with the multifunctional photovoltaic detector, the multifunctional photovoltaic detector is provided with an electric energy output end and a signal output end, the electric energy output end of the multifunctional photovoltaic detector is connected with the light energy receiving module, a photovoltaic battery pack is arranged in the multifunctional photovoltaic detector, the photovoltaic battery, the light energy receiving module enables the photovoltaic battery pack to keep the maximum output electric power and the photoelectric conversion efficiency and monitors the output electric power; the signal output end of the multifunctional photovoltaic detector is connected with the optical signal receiving module, the optical signal receiving module extracts optical signals to carry out photoelectric conversion, and attenuates the electric signals output by the signal output end of the multifunctional photovoltaic detector to filter direct current signals in the photoelectric converted electric signals.
In the technical scheme, a signal emitter generates a modulated electric signal, the modulated electric signal and a direct current signal of a direct current power supply are mixed in a biasing mode through a DC biaser and are directly loaded on a laser carrier wave generated by a semiconductor laser, an optical signal and high-power laser generated by the semiconductor laser are transmitted simultaneously through a waveguide medium, a multifunctional photovoltaic detector, an optical signal receiving module and an optical energy receiving module jointly form an optical receiving end, wherein information and energy are separated in the multifunctional photovoltaic detector, no additional device is needed, the optical energy receiving module enables a photovoltaic battery pack to keep the maximum output electric power and the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and the output electric power is monitored; the optical signal receiving module extracts an optical signal to perform photoelectric conversion, attenuates the electric signal output by the signal output end of the multifunctional photovoltaic detector, filters out a direct current signal in the photoelectric converted electric signal, and simultaneously transmits the optical signal and energy through one section of waveguide medium.
Preferably, the signal generator is an adjustable radio frequency signal source, and generates a radio frequency input signal, which is subjected to intensity modulation mapping to generate a modulated electrical signal.
Preferably, the DC offset device includes a ground terminal, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a DC signal input terminal, an inductor L, a rf signal input terminal, and a DC rf signal mixing output terminal, the DC signal input terminal is connected to one end of the second capacitor C2 and one end of the inductor L, the other end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the ground terminal, the other end of the inductor L is connected to one end of the first capacitor C1 and the DC rf signal mixing output terminal, the other end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the rf signal input terminal, the rf input signal generated by the signal generator is input from the rf signal input terminal, is high-pass filtered by the first capacitor C1, the DC signal generated by the DC power supply is filtered by the inductor L to obtain a high-frequency signal, which is used as a DC offset signal, and the DC rf signal mixing output terminal with a DC power supply to provide DC offset, the direct current bias radio frequency mixed signal enables the semiconductor laser to be excited and radiated, wherein the direct current bias signal enables the semiconductor laser to be located in a tunable area, and the radio frequency signal serves as a directly modulated signal source.
Preferably, the multifunctional photovoltaic detector comprises a beam expanding lens, a plurality of photovoltaic front electrodes, an anti-reflection layer, a detector, an N-type region, a P-type region, a base electrode, a resistor and a circuit end electrical appliance, wherein the photovoltaic front electrodes and the detector are all arranged on the anti-reflection layer, one side of the base electrode is connected with one part of the photovoltaic front electrodes through the circuit end electrical appliance, the other side of the base electrode is connected with the detector through the resistor, the detector is connected with one of the photovoltaic front electrodes, the beam expanding lens expands input laser of the continuous semiconductor laser to the surfaces of the photovoltaic front electrodes and the detector, the N-type region and the P-type region form a PN junction, carriers which are not compounded in the PN junction reach a space charge region by utilizing the photovoltaic effect of the PN junction, wherein holes flow to the P-type region, positive electrodes of photovoltaic cells are formed on the base electrode, and electrons flow to the N-type region, forming a negative electrode of a photovoltaic cell on one side of the anti-reflection layer to form a microstructure of a cascade photovoltaic battery pack, performing high-efficiency photoelectric energy conversion on a PN junction of the photovoltaic battery pack in a zero-offset photovoltaic working mode by utilizing the working mode characteristics of the photovoltaic battery pack, outputting electric energy for a circuit-end electric appliance and simultaneously outputting voltage to partial PN junctions to enable the circuit-end electric appliance to be in a reverse-offset photoconductive working mode, performing photoelectric detection on a received optical signal by a detector, wherein the electric power consumed by the circuit-end electric appliance is equivalent to the output electric power of a system, and the requirements are:
Figure BDA0002890001310000041
wherein eta is expressed as the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the system, Pe_outExpressed as system output electric power, Po_inExpressed as system input optical power; the output electric power of the system is the sum of the output powers of all the photovoltaic battery packs, and meets the following requirements:
Pe_out=N×S×J′×ηpower
wherein eta ispowerExpressed as photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell; s is expressed as the light receiving area, N is the number of cascaded photovoltaic cells, J' is expressed as the illumination intensity received by the photovoltaic cell group after the beam expanding lens is introduced, and eta is expressed aspowerThe expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0002890001310000042
wherein FF is expressed as a fill factor, Voc、IscThe open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current are respectively represented, S represents the light receiving area, and J represents the light intensity.
Here, use cascaded photovoltaic group battery, increase the photic area and promote receiving terminal photoelectric conversion efficiency, promote the photoelectric energy conversion ratio of system totality, in addition because the divergent effect of beam expanding lens to the light, J' compares J and reduces to some extent, and the purpose is to adjust the received light intensity and makes it not more than photovoltaic cell and receive the threshold value, increases the photic area simultaneously, and the light energy is received to the totalityIncrease, so that under the condition of a certain input optical power, the whole output electric power Pe_outAnd the photoelectric conversion efficiency eta is effectively improved.
Preferably, the optical signal directly modulated by the stimulated radiation of the semiconductor laser and the laser light not modulated by the semiconductor laser are transmitted through the waveguide medium.
Preferably, the multifunctional photovoltaic detector is modified in a traditional photovoltaic detector, a signal detection function is added, a laser beam expanding device is usually included in the photovoltaic detector to disperse laser energy, then a plurality of arrays of low-power photovoltaic battery units are irradiated to complete conversion from laser to electric energy, after the signal detection unit is placed on the laser beam expanding device, the laser energy irradiated on the signal detection unit is greatly reduced, and an additional attenuation device is not needed to be used to ensure safe reception.
Preferably, the optical energy receiving module includes a resistance matching module and an electric power meter, one end of the resistance matching module is connected to the electric energy output end of the optical energy receiving module, the resistance matching module is used for matching the total circuit end resistance to achieve the highest output electric power and the maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency, the other end of the resistance matching module is connected to the electric power meter, and the electric power meter monitors the output electric power.
Preferably, the optical signal receiving module includes an optical attenuator, a dc isolator and an oscilloscope, the optical attenuator is connected to the signal output end of the optical signal receiving module, the isolator is connected to the optical attenuator, and is used for filtering the dc signal in the electrical signal, and the electrical signal after the dc signal is filtered is connected to the oscilloscope for sampling analysis. Here, the sampling analysis includes eye pattern measurement, Bit Error Rate (BER) measurement, and the like.
The invention also provides a directly-modulated single-fiber optical information and energy simultaneous transmission method based on the multifunctional photovoltaic detector, which is realized based on the directly-modulated single-fiber optical information and energy simultaneous transmission system based on the multifunctional photovoltaic detector and at least comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining a modulation electrical signal generated by a signal generator based on a direct modulation mathematical model, mixing the modulation electrical signal with a direct current signal of a direct current power supply through a DC (direct current) biaser to obtain a mixed signal containing the modulation electrical signal, and injecting the mixed signal into a semiconductor laser;
s2, enabling the semiconductor laser to be excited and radiated by the mixed signal, and transmitting an optical signal with the excited radiation being directly modulated and laser without being modulated of the semiconductor laser to a multifunctional photovoltaic detector through a waveguide medium;
s3, a photovoltaic battery pack of the multifunctional photovoltaic detector absorbs laser photon energy transmitted by the waveguide medium and converts the laser photon energy into current which is output through the light energy receiving module;
and S4, the optical signal receiving module extracts an optical signal to perform photoelectric conversion, attenuates the electric signal output by the signal output end of the multifunctional photovoltaic detector (6), and filters out a direct current signal in the photoelectric converted electric signal.
Preferably, the direct modulation mathematical model of step S1 includes:
A. an optical field of an internal modulation signal; expressed as:
Figure BDA0002890001310000051
B. the light intensity of the internal straightening signal; expressed as:
IRAM=I0Msin(ωmt+ψ)
wherein E is0For laser field, omegamFor modulating the angular frequency of the signal, psi is the phase difference between the modulated signal and the optical field of the laser, omega0For laser angular frequency, JnIs a Bessel function of order n, I0The light intensity of the laser, M is the modulation depth and is expressed as the ratio of the maximum variation of the light intensity to the average light intensity;
the theoretical model formula of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the system comprises:
the system output optical power is expressed as:
Pout=Pinfiber·Lfibercon·Ncon
the photovoltaic cell receives optical power expressed as:
PRx=(Pout-EL1×2)·ηsp
the photovoltaic cell output power is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002890001310000061
wherein, Pout、PinRespectively expressed as system output, input optical power, alphafiberFor transmission loss, LfiberFor transmission distance, αconFor connection loss, NconNumber of connectors, PRxExpressed as the received optical power of the photovoltaic cell, EL1×2Expressed as optical splitter loss, ηspExpressed as a percentage of optical power, PPVcellExpressed as the photovoltaic cell output power, ηcellThe photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a direct modulation single-fiber optical information and energy simultaneous transmission system based on a multifunctional photovoltaic detector, wherein a modulation electric signal generated by a signal emitter and a direct current signal of a direct current power supply are mixed in a biased mode through a DC (direct current) biaser and are directly loaded on a laser carrier wave generated by a semiconductor laser, an optical signal and laser generated by the semiconductor laser are transmitted simultaneously through a waveguide medium, information and energy are separated in the multifunctional photovoltaic detector, no additional device is needed, and a light energy receiving module enables a photovoltaic battery pack to keep the maximum output electric power and the photoelectric conversion efficiency and monitors the output electric power; the optical signal receiving module extracts optical signals to perform photoelectric conversion, attenuates the electric signals output by the signal output end of the multifunctional photovoltaic detector, filters direct-current signals in the photoelectric converted electric signals, and realizes simultaneous transmission of the optical signals and energy only through one section of waveguide medium.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a directly-modulated single-fiber optical signal energy simultaneous transmission system based on a multifunctional photovoltaic detector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a circuit configuration diagram of a DC biaser proposed in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of the multifunctional photovoltaic detector proposed in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the multifunctional photovoltaic detector proposed in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a diagram showing the effect of sampling spectrum of an oscilloscope transmitting a single-frequency signal of 30MHz simultaneously by a 830nm semiconductor laser under 2W input optical power according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a system for transmitting 976nm laser light at 1km with input optical power of 0-20W according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
for better illustration of the present embodiment, certain parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent actual dimensions;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known descriptions of the figures may be omitted.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
Fig. 1 shows a structure diagram of a directly modulated single-fiber optical signal energy simultaneous transmission system based on a multifunctional photovoltaic detector, which includes: the device comprises a signal generator 1, a direct current power supply 2, a DC biaser 3, a continuous semiconductor laser 4, a waveguide medium 5, a multifunctional photovoltaic detector 6 for primary light receiving and signal energy separation, a light energy receiving module 61 and a light signal receiving module 62, wherein the signal generator 1 is an adjustable radio frequency signal source, generates a radio frequency input signal, generates a modulation electric signal after intensity modulation mapping, inputs the modulation electric signal generated by the signal generator 1 and a direct current signal generated by the direct current power supply 2 into the DC biaser 3, is used as a mixed driving source of the continuous semiconductor laser 4 after being biased and mixed by the DC biaser 3, the light output end of the semiconductor laser 4 is connected with the waveguide medium 5, the output end of the waveguide medium 5 is connected with the multifunctional photovoltaic detector 6, the multifunctional photovoltaic detector 6 is provided with an electric energy output end and a signal output end, the electric energy output end of the multifunctional photovoltaic detector 6, a photovoltaic battery pack is arranged in the multifunctional photovoltaic detector 6, the photovoltaic battery pack converts input laser of the continuous semiconductor laser 4 into electric energy for output, and the light energy receiving module 61 enables the photovoltaic battery pack to keep maximum output electric power and photoelectric conversion efficiency and monitor output electric power; the signal output end of the multifunctional photovoltaic detector 6 is connected with the optical signal receiving module 62, the optical signal receiving module 62 extracts an optical signal for photoelectric conversion, attenuates an electrical signal output by the signal output end of the multifunctional photovoltaic detector 6, and filters a direct current signal in the photoelectric-converted electrical signal, in this embodiment, the semiconductor laser 4 is used as an 830nm laser emitting module, and the waveguide medium 5 is a multimode optical fiber.
Referring to fig. 2, the DC offset device 3 includes a ground terminal 31, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a DC signal input terminal 32, an inductor L, a rf signal input terminal 33, and a DC rf signal mixing output terminal 34, the DC signal input terminal 32 is respectively connected to one end of the second capacitor C2 and one end of the inductor L, the other end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the ground terminal 31, the other end of the inductor L is respectively connected to one end of the first capacitor C1 and the DC rf signal mixing output terminal 34, the other end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the rf signal input terminal 32, the rf input signal generated by the signal generator 1 is input from the rf signal input terminal 33, high-pass filtering is performed by the first capacitor C1, the DC signal generated by the DC power supply 2 is filtered by the inductor L to be a DC offset signal, the DC rf signal mixing output terminal 34 outputs a rf mixing signal with the DC power supply 2 providing DC offset, the radio frequency mixed signal of the direct current bias makes the semiconductor laser 4 excited to radiate, wherein, the direct current bias signal makes the semiconductor laser 4 located in the tunable zone, the radio frequency signal is as the signal source of direct modulation.
Fig. 3 shows a structural schematic diagram of a multifunctional photovoltaic detector proposed in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the multifunctional photovoltaic detector 6 includes a beam expanding lens 63, a plurality of photovoltaic front electrodes 64, an antireflection layer 65, a detector 66, an N-type region 67, a P-type region 68, a base electrode 69, a resistor 70, and a circuit-end electrical appliance 71, the plurality of photovoltaic front electrodes 64 and the detector 66 are all disposed on the antireflection layer 65, referring to fig. 3, in this embodiment, there are 5 photovoltaic front electrodes 64, one side of the base electrode 69 is connected to 4 of the plurality of photovoltaic front electrodes 64 through the circuit-end electrical appliance 71, in actual implementation, there may be hundreds or thousands, the other side of the base electrode 69 is connected to the detector 66 through the resistor 70, the detector 66 is connected to another one of the photovoltaic front electrodes 64, the beam expanding lens 63 expands input laser light of the continuous semiconductor laser 4 to surfaces of the plurality of photovoltaic front electrodes 64 and the detector 66, the N-type region 67 and the P-type region 68 form a PN junction, carriers which are not compounded in the PN junction reach a space charge region by utilizing the photovoltaic effect of the PN junction, wherein holes flow to the P-type region 68, a photovoltaic cell positive electrode is formed on a base electrode 69, electrons flow to the N-type region 67, a photovoltaic cell negative electrode is formed on one side of an anti-reflection layer 65 to form a microstructure of a cascade photovoltaic cell pack, the high-efficiency photoelectric energy conversion is carried out on the PN junction of the photovoltaic cell pack in a zero-offset photovoltaic working mode by utilizing the working mode characteristics of the photovoltaic cell pack, electric energy is output to a circuit-end electric appliance 71 and voltage is output to partial PN junctions at the same time, so that the circuit-end electric appliance is in a reverse-offset photoconductive working mode, a detector 66 carries out photoelectric detection on received optical signals, and electric power consumed by:
Figure BDA0002890001310000081
wherein eta is expressed as the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the system, Pe_outExpressed as system output electric power, Po_inExpressed as system input optical power; the output electric power of the system is the sum of the output powers of all the photovoltaic battery packs, and meets the following requirements:
Pe_out=N×S×J′×ηpower
wherein eta ispowerExpressed as photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell; s is expressed as the light receiving area, N is the number of cascaded photovoltaic cells, and J' is expressed as the introduction of beam expanding and transmissionIntensity of illumination, η, received by the photovoltaic cell after mirror 63powerThe expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0002890001310000082
wherein FF is expressed as a fill factor, Voc、IscThe open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current are respectively represented, S represents the light receiving area, and J represents the light intensity. Use cascaded photovoltaic group battery, increase the photic area and promote receiving terminal photoelectric conversion efficiency, promote the photoelectric energy conversion ratio of system totality, in addition because the divergent effect of beam expanding lens to the light, J' compares J and reduces to some extent, the purpose is adjusted and is received the light intensity and make it not more than photovoltaic cell and receive the threshold value, increase the photic area simultaneously, the total received light energy increases, consequently under input optical power certain condition, holistic output electric power Pe_outAnd the photoelectric conversion efficiency eta is effectively improved.
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the operation of a photodetector in which a portion of the photo-generated current i generated by the PN junction is usedpThe current flowing through the diode is iD,CfIs junction capacitance, RshAnd RsEquivalent parallel and equivalent series resistances, V, respectivelyLThe purpose of the line-end voltage is to provide a reverse bias voltage to the detector 66.
In the present embodiment, both the optical signal directly modulated by the laser radiation of the semiconductor laser 4 and the laser light not modulated by the semiconductor laser 4 are transmitted through the waveguide medium 5. Compared with the traditional double-clad optical fiber scheme, the multi-mode optical fiber has a simple structure and is easier to separate the optical signal energy.
The multifunctional photovoltaic detector 6 is modified in the traditional photovoltaic detector, the signal detection function is added, a laser beam expanding device is usually arranged in the photovoltaic detector to disperse laser energy, then a plurality of arrays of low-power photovoltaic battery units are irradiated to complete conversion from laser to electric energy, the multifunctional photovoltaic detector 6 places the signal detection unit in the laser beam expanding device, the laser energy irradiated on the signal detection unit is greatly reduced, and an extra attenuation device is not needed to be used for ensuring safe receiving.
Referring to fig. 1, the optical energy receiving module 61 includes a resistance matching module 7 and an electric power meter 8, one end of the resistance matching module 7 is connected to the electric power output end of the optical energy receiving module 61, the resistance matching module 7 is used for matching the total circuit end resistance to achieve the highest output electric power and the maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency, the other end of the resistance matching module 7 is connected to the electric power meter 8, and the electric power meter 8 monitors the output electric power. The optical signal receiving module 62 comprises an optical attenuator 9, a dc isolator 10 and an oscilloscope 11, the optical attenuator 9 is connected to the signal output end of the optical signal receiving module 62, the isolator 10 is connected to the optical attenuator 9, and is used for filtering the dc signal in the electrical signal, and the electrical signal after the dc signal is filtered is connected to the oscilloscope 11 for sampling and analysis. Here, the sampling analysis includes eye pattern measurement, Bit Error Rate (BER) measurement, and the like.
The invention also provides a directly-modulated single-fiber optical information and energy simultaneous transmission method based on the multifunctional photovoltaic detector, which is realized based on the directly-modulated single-fiber optical information and energy simultaneous transmission system based on the multifunctional photovoltaic detector and at least comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining a modulation electric signal generated by a signal generator 1 based on a direct modulation mathematical model, mixing the modulation electric signal with a direct current signal of a direct current power supply 2 through a DC biaser 3 to obtain a mixed signal containing the modulation electric signal, and injecting the mixed signal into a semiconductor laser 4;
s2, the mixed signal enables the semiconductor laser 4 to be excited and radiated, and an optical signal of which the excited radiation is directly modulated and laser of which the semiconductor laser 4 is not modulated are transmitted to the multifunctional photovoltaic detector 6 through the waveguide medium 5;
s3, a photovoltaic battery pack of the multifunctional photovoltaic detector 6 absorbs laser photon energy transmitted by the waveguide medium 5 and converts the laser photon energy into current which is output through the light energy receiving module 61;
and S4, the optical signal receiving module 62 extracts an optical signal to perform photoelectric conversion, attenuates the electric signal output by the signal output end of the multifunctional photovoltaic detector 6, and filters out a direct current signal in the photoelectric converted electric signal.
The direct modulation mathematical model of step S1 includes:
A. an optical field of an internal modulation signal; expressed as:
Figure BDA0002890001310000101
B. the light intensity of the internal straightening signal; expressed as:
IRAM=I0Msin(ωmt+ψ)
wherein E is0For laser field, omegamFor modulating the angular frequency of the signal, psi is the phase difference between the modulated signal and the optical field of the laser, omega0For laser angular frequency, JnIs a Bessel function of order n, I0The light intensity of the laser, M is the modulation depth and is expressed as the ratio of the maximum variation of the light intensity to the average light intensity;
the theoretical model formula of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the system comprises:
the system output optical power is expressed as:
Pout=Pinfiber·Lfibercon·Ncon
the photovoltaic cell receives optical power expressed as:
PRx=(Pout-EL1×2)·ηsp
the photovoltaic cell output power is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002890001310000102
wherein, Pout、PinRespectively expressed as system output, input optical power, alphafiberFor transmission loss, LfiberFor transmission distance, αconFor connection loss, NconNumber of connectors, PRxExpressed as the received optical power of the photovoltaic cell, EL1×2Expressed as optical splitter loss, ηspExpressed as a percentage of optical power, PPVcellExpressed as the photovoltaic cell output electrical power,ηcellthe photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is obtained.
Fig. 5 shows a graph of the effect of sampling frequency spectrum of an oscilloscope, in which a 830nm semiconductor laser transmits a single-frequency signal of 30MHz at an input optical power of 2W, and as shown in fig. 5, when the output optical power of the semiconductor laser is adjusted to 2W by using a semiconductor laser with a wave band of 830nm and a rated power of 2W, the direct modulation frequency at this time can reach 30 MHz. Fig. 6 shows a diagram of photoelectric conversion efficiency of a system for transmitting 976nm laser light with input optical power of 0-20W by 1km, the abscissa shows the input optical power of 0-20W, and the ordinate simultaneously shows the output electric power and the photoelectric conversion efficiency, as shown in fig. 6, in a 1km transmission experiment, since the transmission loss of the multimode optical fiber adopted in the experiment to the 976nm band laser light is about 4.4dB, and the electric power output of 1.43W is provided under the input optical power of 20W, the maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency of the system is about 8%, which both embody the effectiveness and the practicability of the system and the method provided by the present invention.
The positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; it should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a directly transfer single fiber optical signal ability with biography system based on multi-functional photovoltaic detector which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a signal generator (1), a direct current power supply (2), a DC biaser (3), a continuous semiconductor laser (4), a waveguide medium (5), a multifunctional photovoltaic detector (6) for primary light receiving and signal energy separating, a light energy receiving module (61) and a light signal receiving module (62), wherein a modulation electric signal generated by the signal generator (1) and a direct current signal generated by the direct current power supply (2) are input into the DC biaser (3) and are used as a mixed driving source of the continuous semiconductor laser (4) after being biased and mixed by the DC biaser (3), the light output end of the semiconductor laser (4) is connected with the waveguide medium (5), the output end of the waveguide medium (5) is connected with the multifunctional photovoltaic detector (6), the multifunctional photovoltaic detector (6) is provided with an electric energy output end and a signal output end, the electric energy output end of the multifunctional photovoltaic detector (6) is connected with the, a photovoltaic battery pack is arranged in the multifunctional photovoltaic detector (6), the photovoltaic battery pack converts input laser of the continuous semiconductor laser (4) into electric energy to be output, and the light energy receiving module (61) enables the photovoltaic battery pack to keep the maximum output electric power and the photoelectric conversion efficiency and monitor the output electric power; the signal output end of the multifunctional photovoltaic detector (6) is connected with the optical signal receiving module (62), the optical signal receiving module (62) extracts optical signals to carry out photoelectric conversion, the electric signals output by the signal output end of the multifunctional photovoltaic detector (6) are attenuated, and direct current signals in the photoelectric-converted electric signals are filtered.
2. The directly-modulated single-fiber optical signal energy simultaneous transmission system based on the multifunctional photovoltaic detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal generator (1) is an adjustable radio frequency signal source, and generates a radio frequency input signal, and generates a modulated electrical signal after intensity modulation mapping.
3. The multifunctional photovoltaic detector-based direct-modulation single-fiber optical signal energy simultaneous transmission system according to claim 2, wherein the DC biaser (3) comprises a ground terminal, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a direct current signal input terminal (32), an inductor L, a radio frequency signal input terminal (33), and a direct current and radio frequency signal mixed output terminal (34), the direct current signal input terminal (32) is respectively connected with one end of the second capacitor C2 and one end of the inductor L, the other end of the second capacitor C2 is connected with the ground terminal (31), the other end of the inductor L is respectively connected with one end of the first capacitor C1 and the direct current and radio frequency mixed signal output terminal (34), the other end of the first capacitor C1 is connected with the radio frequency signal input terminal (33), a radio frequency input signal generated by the signal generator (1) is input from the radio frequency signal input terminal (33) and is high-pass filtered by the first capacitor C1, direct current signals generated by the direct current power supply (2) are used as direct current bias signals after high-frequency signals are filtered by the inductor L, radio frequency mixed signals with direct current bias provided by the direct current power supply (2) are output at a direct current radio frequency signal mixed output end (34), the direct current bias radio frequency mixed signals enable the semiconductor laser (4) to be excited and radiated, wherein the direct current bias signals enable the semiconductor laser (4) to be located in a tunable area, and the radio frequency signals are used as directly modulated signal sources.
4. The direct-modulation single-fiber optical signal energy simultaneous transmission system based on the multifunctional photovoltaic detector as claimed in claim 3, wherein the multifunctional photovoltaic detector (6) comprises a beam expanding lens (63), a plurality of photovoltaic front electrodes (64), an anti-reflection layer (65), a detector (66), an N-type region (67), a P-type region (68), a base electrode (69), a resistor (70) and a road end electrical appliance (71), the plurality of photovoltaic front electrodes (64) and the detector (66) are all arranged on the anti-reflection layer (65), one side of the base electrode (69) is connected with one part of the plurality of photovoltaic front electrodes (64) through the road end electrical appliance (71), the other side of the base electrode (69) is connected with the detector (66) through the resistor (70), the detector (66) is connected with one of the photovoltaic front electrodes (64), and the beam expanding lens (63) expands the input laser of the continuous semiconductor laser (4) to the plurality of photovoltaic front electrodes (64) and the detector (71) (66) The surface of the photovoltaic cell is characterized in that a PN junction is formed between an N-type region (67) and a P-type region (68), carriers which are not compounded in the PN junction reach a space charge region by utilizing the photovoltaic effect of the PN junction, holes flow to the P-type region (68), a photovoltaic cell positive electrode is formed on a base electrode (69), electrons flow to the N-type region (67), a photovoltaic cell negative electrode is formed on one side of an anti-reflection layer (65) to form a microstructure of a cascade photovoltaic cell group, the photovoltaic cell group PN junction in a zero-bias photovoltaic working mode carries out high-efficiency photoelectric energy conversion by utilizing the working mode characteristics of the photovoltaic cell group, electric energy is output to a circuit-end electric appliance (71) and simultaneously outputs voltage to partial PN junction, so that the circuit-end electric appliance is in a reverse-bias working mode, a detector (66) carries out photoelectric detection on received optical signals, and electric power consumed by the circuit-end electric, satisfies the following conditions:
Figure FDA0002890001300000021
wherein eta is expressed as the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the system, Pe_outExpressed as system output electric power, Po_inExpressed as system input optical power; the output electric power of the system is the sum of the output powers of all the photovoltaic battery packs, and meets the following requirements:
Pe_out=N×S×J′×ηpower
wherein eta ispowerExpressed as photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell; s is expressed as the light receiving area, N is the number of cascaded photovoltaic cells, J' is expressed as the illumination intensity received by the photovoltaic cell group after the beam expanding lens (63) is introduced, and eta ispowerThe expression of (a) is:
Figure FDA0002890001300000022
wherein FF is expressed as a fill factor, Voc、IscThe open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current are respectively represented, S represents the light receiving area, and J represents the light intensity.
5. The direct modulation single fiber optical signal energy simultaneous transmission system based on the multifunctional photovoltaic detector as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the optical signal directly modulated by the stimulated radiation of the semiconductor laser (4) and the laser light not modulated by the semiconductor laser (4) are transmitted through the waveguide medium (5).
6. The direct-modulation single-fiber optical signal energy simultaneous transmission system based on the multifunctional photovoltaic detector as claimed in claim 5, wherein the multifunctional photovoltaic detector (6) is modified in a conventional photovoltaic detector to add a signal detection function, generally, a laser beam expanding device is included in the photovoltaic detector to disperse laser energy, and then a plurality of arrays of photovoltaic cells with small power are irradiated to complete conversion from laser to electric energy, after the signal detection unit is placed in the laser beam expanding device by the multifunctional photovoltaic detector (6), laser energy irradiated on the signal detection unit is greatly reduced, and an additional attenuation device is not needed to ensure safe reception.
7. The direct-modulation single-fiber optical signal energy simultaneous transmission system based on the multifunctional photovoltaic detector as claimed in claim 5, wherein the optical energy receiving module (61) comprises a resistance matching module (7) and an electric power meter (8), one end of the resistance matching module (7) is connected with the electric energy output end of the optical energy receiving module (61), the resistance matching module (7) is used for matching the total circuit end resistance so as to achieve the highest output electric power and the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency, the other end of the resistance matching module (7) is connected with the electric power meter (8), and the electric power meter (8) monitors the output electric power.
8. The direct-modulation single-fiber optical signal energy simultaneous transmission system based on the multifunctional photovoltaic detector as claimed in claim 7, wherein the optical signal receiving module (62) comprises an optical attenuator (9), a dc isolator (10) and an oscilloscope (11), the optical attenuator (9) is connected to a signal output end of the optical signal receiving module (62), the isolator (10) is connected to the optical attenuator (9) to filter a dc signal in the electrical signal, and the electrical signal after the dc signal is filtered is connected to the oscilloscope (11) for sampling analysis.
9. A directly-modulated single-fiber optical signal energy simultaneous transmission method based on a multifunctional photovoltaic detector is realized based on the directly-modulated single-fiber optical signal energy simultaneous transmission system based on the multifunctional photovoltaic detector of claim 1, and at least comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining a modulation electrical signal generated by a signal generator (1) based on a direct modulation mathematical model, mixing the modulation electrical signal with a direct current signal of a direct current power supply (2) through a DC biaser (3) to obtain a mixed signal containing the modulation electrical signal, and injecting the mixed signal into a semiconductor laser (4);
s2, the semiconductor laser (4) is excited and radiated by the mixed signal, and an optical signal of which the excited radiation is directly modulated and laser of which the semiconductor laser (4) is not modulated are transmitted to a multifunctional photovoltaic detector (6) through a waveguide medium (5);
s3, a photovoltaic battery pack of the multifunctional photovoltaic detector (6) absorbs laser photon energy transmitted by the waveguide medium (5) and converts the laser photon energy into current which is output through the light energy receiving module (61);
s4, the optical signal receiving module (62) extracts an optical signal to perform photoelectric conversion, attenuates the electric signal output by the signal output end of the multifunctional photovoltaic detector (6), and filters out a direct current signal in the photoelectric converted electric signal.
10. The direct modulation single-fiber optical signal energy simultaneous transmission method based on the multifunctional photovoltaic detector as claimed in claim 9, wherein the direct modulation mathematical model of step S1 comprises:
A. an optical field of an internal modulation signal; expressed as:
Figure FDA0002890001300000041
B. the light intensity of the internal straightening signal; expressed as:
IRAM=I0M sin(ωmt+ψ)
wherein E is0For laser field, omegamFor modulating the angular frequency of the signal, psi is the phase difference between the modulated signal and the optical field of the laser, omega0For laser angular frequency, JnIs a Bessel function of order n, I0The light intensity of the laser, M is the modulation depth and is expressed as the ratio of the maximum variation of the light intensity to the average light intensity;
the theoretical model formula of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the system comprises:
the system output optical power is expressed as:
Pout=Pinfiber·Lfibercon·Ncon
the photovoltaic cell receives optical power expressed as:
PRx=(Pout-EL1×2)·ηsp
the photovoltaic cell output power is expressed as:
Figure FDA0002890001300000042
wherein, Pout、PinRespectively expressed as system output, input optical power, alphafiberFor transmission loss, LfiberFor transmission distance, αconFor connection loss, NconNumber of connectors, PRxExpressed as the received optical power of the photovoltaic cell, EL1×2Expressed as optical splitter loss, ηspExpressed as a percentage of optical power, PPVcellExpressed as the photovoltaic cell output power, ηcellThe photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is obtained.
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