CN112836826A - Method and device for realizing quantum logic gate - Google Patents
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and a device for realizing a quantum logic gate, wherein the quantum logic gate is realized based on atoms in a metastable state; wherein the atoms have transitions in the visible or infrared wavelength band when in the metastable state. According to the embodiment of the invention, the atoms have transition in visible light or infrared light wave bands when in the metastable state, the quantum logic gate is realized based on the atoms in the metastable state, and the realization difficulty of the quantum logic gate is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
This document relates to, but is not limited to, quantum computer technology, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for implementing quantum logic gates.
Background
A quantum computer is a device that uses quantum logic for general purpose computing. The basic logic unit of the quantum computer is composed of quantum bits which obey the quantum mechanics principle, and a large number of quantum bits which interact with each other can physically realize the quantum computer. Compared with the traditional computer, the quantum computer can greatly reduce the operation time when solving certain problems. Quantum computers have a wide application prospect in basic scientific research, quantum communication and cryptography, artificial intelligence, financial market simulation, climate change prediction and the like, and thus have attracted wide attention. High fidelity quantum logic gate operation can be achieved under experimental conditions using an array of qubits trapped in potential wells. The quantum bit has excellent performance in the aspects of interaction control, long coherence time, high-fidelity quantum logic gate operation, quantum error correction and other weighing quantum computing performances, and is one of the most possible platforms for realizing quantum computers.
The core steps of quantum computing include constructing a high-fidelity quantum logic gate, and in an ionic quantum computing system, because the interaction length of spin correlation between ions is much shorter than the ion distance, the collective vibration mode of ion chains needs to be excited by the interaction between the ions and an external electromagnetic field (laser or microwave, etc.), so that the spin correlation interaction between the ions is constructed, and the quantum logic gate is further realized.
In the implementation of quantum logic gate schemes using lasers, transitions with extremely narrow equivalent linewidths, such as raman transitions or electrical quadrupole transitions, need to be used. For some commonly used ion types, such as ytterbium-171 ions, qubits are usually encoded in the ground state energy level, requiring the use of ultraviolet or near-ultraviolet lasers in order to construct quantum logic gates. At present, the ultraviolet technology has the following problems: the high-power ultraviolet laser has high price, large volume and short service life; the ultraviolet optical element is generally a quartz optical element, and the performance is reduced due to easy darkening; the ultraviolet optical fiber has low transmission efficiency and does not have mature high-power optical fiber technology. Due to the problems of the ultraviolet light technology, the quantum logic gate is difficult to construct based on the ultraviolet light technology, the implementation difficulty of the quantum computing system is increased, and the reliability and the expandability of the quantum computing system are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The following is a summary of the subject matter described in detail herein. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for realizing a quantum logic gate, which can reduce the difficulty in realizing the quantum logic gate and a quantum computing system.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for realizing a quantum logic gate, which comprises the following steps:
implementing quantum logic gates based on atoms in a metastable state;
wherein the atoms have transitions in the visible or infrared band when in the metastable state.
In one illustrative example, the implementing quantum logic gates based on atoms in a metastable state includes:
irradiating preset laser on the atoms in the metastable state to realize Raman transition of the atoms in the metastable state;
and controlling the irradiation time of the preset laser to realize the quantum logic gate.
In one illustrative example, the preset laser includes:
laser light in visible or infrared light band with preset frequency, polarization, intensity and propagation direction.
In an exemplary embodiment, before the irradiating the atoms in the metastable state with the preset laser, the method further includes:
coherently transferring the atoms from a ground state to the metastable state.
In one illustrative example, the atoms include: neutral atoms and charged atoms.
In one illustrative example, the charged atoms include: ytterbium-171 ions.
In one illustrative example, the metastable state comprises: 52D3/2Or 52D5/2。
On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for implementing a quantum logic gate, including: a processing unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the processing unit is configured to: implementing quantum logic gates based on atoms in a metastable state;
wherein the atoms have transitions in the visible or infrared band when in the metastable state.
In one illustrative example, the processing unit is configured to:
irradiating preset laser on the atoms in the metastable state to realize Raman transition of the atoms in the metastable state;
and controlling the irradiation time of the preset laser to realize the quantum logic gate.
In one illustrative example, the preset laser includes:
laser light in visible or infrared light band with preset frequency, polarization, intensity and propagation direction.
In an illustrative example, the apparatus further comprises a coherent transfer unit configured to:
coherently transferring the atoms from a ground state to the metastable state.
In one illustrative example, the atoms include: neutral atoms and charged atoms.
In one illustrative example, the charged atoms include: ytterbium-171 ions.
In one illustrative example, the metastable state comprises: 52D3/2Or 52D5/2。
The embodiment of the invention realizes the quantum logic gate based on the atoms in the metastable state; wherein the atoms have transitions in the visible or infrared wavelength band when in the metastable state. According to the embodiment of the invention, the atoms have transition in visible light or infrared light wave bands when in the metastable state, the quantum logic gate is realized based on the atoms in the metastable state, and the realization difficulty of the quantum logic gate is reduced.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the example serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of implementing a quantum logic gate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the energy level of ytterbium-171 ions in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a related art implementation of a quantum logic gate in the ground state level;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of coherent atomic transfer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of atomic transition in a metastable state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of coherent atomic transfer according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating atomic transition in a metastable state according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a block diagram of an apparatus for implementing a quantum logic gate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.
The steps illustrated in the flow charts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Also, while a logical order is shown in the flow diagrams, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different than here.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for implementing a quantum logic gate according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, including:
wherein the atoms have transitions in the visible or infrared wavelength band when in the metastable state.
In one illustrative example, an embodiment of the invention implements a quantum logic gate based on atoms in a metastable state, comprising:
irradiating preset laser on atoms in a metastable state to realize Raman transition of the atoms in the metastable state;
and controlling the irradiation time of the preset laser to realize the quantum logic gate.
The implementation of the Raman transition of atoms in the metastable state and the quantum logic gate does not have the sequence, the operation of the quantum logic gate is carried out while the Raman transition is carried out, the quantum logic gate is implemented, and the Raman transition time needs to be controlled.
In an exemplary embodiment, the preset laser in the embodiment of the present invention includes:
laser light in visible or infrared light band with preset frequency, polarization, intensity and propagation direction.
It should be noted that the preset frequency, polarization, intensity and propagation direction of the laser according to the embodiment of the present invention may be dynamic parameters set according to the implementation of the quantum logic gate, and the relevant parameters of the laser are variable during the process of irradiating atoms.
In an illustrative example, embodiments of the invention may determine the atoms that may effect a transition in a metastable state by one skilled in the art using relevant principles of quantum computation.
The embodiment of the invention realizes the quantum logic gate based on the atoms in the metastable state; wherein the atoms have transitions in the visible or infrared wavelength band when in the metastable state. According to the embodiment of the invention, the atoms have transition in visible light or infrared light wave bands when in the metastable state, the quantum logic gate is realized based on the atoms in the metastable state, and the realization difficulty of the quantum logic gate is reduced.
In an exemplary embodiment, before the preset laser is irradiated to the atoms in the metastable state, the method of the embodiment of the present invention further includes the step 100:
and step 100, carrying out coherent transfer on atoms from a ground state to a metastable state.
The embodiment of the invention can realize the processing of coherent transfer of atoms from the ground state to the metastable state by referring to the existing processing mode in the related technology.
In one illustrative example, an embodiment atom of the invention includes: neutral atoms and charged atoms.
In one illustrative example, an embodiment of the present invention includes: ytterbium-171 ions.
In one illustrative example, a visible light of an embodiment of the present invention includes: 532 nm laser and 1064 nm laser.
In one illustrative example, a metastable state of an embodiment of the invention comprises: 52D3/2Or 52D5/2。
It should be noted that, after determining the atoms by referring to the quantum computation correlation principle, the embodiments of the present invention may determine the laser used for transition and coherent transfer based on the correlation principle or simulation, and the laser used in the transition process and the coherent transfer process may be different for the same atom.
Embodiments of the present invention may implement quantum logic gates using atoms in a metastable state. The atoms may include ytterbium-171 ions, and the atoms are exemplified by ytterbium-171 ions to implement quantum logic gates, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of energy levels of the ytterbium-171 ions according to an embodiment of the invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the ytterbium-171 ions are at a ground state energy level of 62S1/2The quantum logic gate in the related technology is generally realized by utilizing transition on a ground state energy level; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a quantum logic gate implemented in the ground state level according to the related art, and as shown in fig. 3, a 355 nm laser may be used to implement a raman transition of ytterbium-171 ions in the ground state level, and the quantum logic gate may be implemented based on the ytterbium-171 ions performing the raman transition in the ground state level. Metastable energy level 5 of ytterbium-171 ion2D3/2The quantum logic gate is provided with two electric dipole transitions, the wavelengths of the electric dipole transitions are respectively a visible light wave band and an infrared wave band, and the quantum logic gate is realized based on the transition on the metastable state of ytterbium-171 ions; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of atom coherent transfer according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, ytterbium-171 ions can be transferred from the ground level 6 by using a 435 nm laser2S1/2Coherent transfer of the upper phase to metastable state 52D3/2The above step (1); FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating atomic transition in a metastable state according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, using a 1064 nm laser, ytterbium-171 ions in a metastable state 52D3/2Realizing Raman transition on state based on metastable state 52D3/2The ytterbium-171 ion with the raman transition up can implement a quantum logic gate. Since 1064 nm laser can be realized by mature optical technology, the embodiment of the invention can reduce the laser power consumptionThe realization difficulty of the low-quantum logic gate improves the reliability of the quantum computing system. In an illustrative example, embodiments of the invention coherently transfer ytterbium-171 ions to metastable state 52D3/2After the above, 532 nm laser can be used for realizing the metastable state 5 of ytterbium-171 ions2D3/2FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of coherent atomic transfer according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6, ytterbium-171 ions are implemented in metastable state 5 by using 532 nm laser2D3/2Raman transition of (d). FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating atom transition in metastable state according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 7, using 532 nm laser to realize ytterbium-171 ion in metastable state 52D3/2After the raman transition, the quantum logic gate can be realized based on ytterbium-171 ions of the raman transition. Similarly, 532 nm laser can be realized by a mature optical technology, so that the realization difficulty of the quantum logic gate can be reduced and the reliability of a quantum computing system can be improved by the embodiment of the invention.
It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, the ion type, the metastable state energy level selection, the metastable state transition wavelength, the metastable state transition type (e.g. electric dipole or electric quadrupole transition, etc.), the implementation manner of the quantum logic gate (e.g. geometric quantum logic gate, electric quadrupole transition, etc.), the implementation manner of the quantum logic gate, the quantum logic gate,
The logic gate, the spin-dependent momentum kick (spin-dependent kick) and the like), and the encoding mode of the qubit (including the selection of the encoding basis vector) may be adjusted according to the requirements of quantum computation, and are not used to limit the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a device for implementing a quantum logic gate according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8, including: a processing unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the processing unit is configured to: implementing quantum logic gates based on atoms in a metastable state;
wherein the atoms have transitions in the visible or infrared wavelength band when in the metastable state.
The embodiment of the invention realizes the quantum logic gate based on the atoms in the metastable state; wherein the atoms have transitions in the visible or infrared wavelength band when in the metastable state. According to the embodiment of the invention, the atoms have transition in visible light or infrared light wave bands when in the metastable state, the quantum logic gate is realized based on the atoms in the metastable state, and the realization difficulty of the quantum logic gate is reduced.
In an exemplary embodiment, the processing unit of the embodiment of the present invention is configured to:
irradiating preset laser on atoms in a metastable state to realize Raman transition of the atoms in the metastable state;
and controlling the irradiation time of the preset laser to realize the quantum logic gate.
In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus of the present invention further includes a coherence transfer unit configured to:
the atoms are coherently transferred from the ground state to a metastable state.
The embodiment of the invention can realize the processing of coherent transfer of atoms from the ground state to the metastable state by referring to the existing processing mode in the related technology.
In one illustrative example, an embodiment atom of the invention includes: neutral atoms and charged atoms.
In one illustrative example, an embodiment of the present invention includes: ytterbium-171 ions.
In one illustrative example, a visible light of an embodiment of the present invention includes: 532 nm laser and 1064 nm laser.
In one illustrative example, a metastable state of an embodiment of the invention comprises: 52D3/2Or 52D5/2。
"one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or some of the steps of the methods, systems, functional modules/units in the devices disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. In a hardware implementation, the division between functional modules/units mentioned in the above description does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, one physical component may have multiple functions, or one function or step may be performed by several physical components in cooperation. Some or all of the components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a digital signal processor or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). The term computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by a computer. In addition, communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media "as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Claims (14)
1. A method of implementing a quantum logic gate, comprising:
implementing quantum logic gates based on atoms in a metastable state;
wherein the atoms have transitions in the visible or infrared band when in the metastable state.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein implementing the quantum logic gate based on atoms in a metastable state comprises:
irradiating preset laser on the atoms in the metastable state to realize Raman transition of the atoms in the metastable state;
and controlling the irradiation time of the preset laser to realize the quantum logic gate.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the pre-setting laser comprises:
laser light in visible or infrared light band with preset frequency, polarization, intensity and propagation direction.
4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein before irradiating the atoms in the metastable state with the predetermined laser light, the method further comprises:
coherently transferring the atoms from a ground state to the metastable state.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the atoms comprise: neutral atoms and charged atoms.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the charged atoms comprise: ytterbium-171 ions.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the metastable state comprises:
52D3/2or 52D5/2。
8. An apparatus implementing a quantum logic gate, comprising: a processing unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the processing unit is configured to: implementing quantum logic gates based on atoms in a metastable state;
wherein the atoms have transitions in the visible or infrared band when in the metastable state.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processing unit is configured to:
irradiating preset laser on the atoms in the metastable state to realize Raman transition of the atoms in the metastable state;
and controlling the irradiation time of the preset laser to realize the quantum logic gate.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the preset laser comprises:
laser light in visible or infrared light band with preset frequency, polarization, intensity and propagation direction.
11. The apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the apparatus further comprises a coherence transfer unit arranged to:
coherently transferring the atoms from a ground state to the metastable state.
12. The apparatus of any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the atoms comprise: neutral atoms and charged atoms.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the charged atoms comprise: ytterbium-171 ions.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the metastable state comprises:
52D3/2or 52D5/2。
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| CN113283606A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-08-20 | 清华大学 | Method and device for constructing quantum logic gate, computer storage medium and terminal |
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