CN112747738A - Parallelism monitoring star point switching off-axis two-reflector auto-collimation single-star simulator - Google Patents
Parallelism monitoring star point switching off-axis two-reflector auto-collimation single-star simulator Download PDFInfo
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- CN112747738A CN112747738A CN202110016678.9A CN202110016678A CN112747738A CN 112747738 A CN112747738 A CN 112747738A CN 202110016678 A CN202110016678 A CN 202110016678A CN 112747738 A CN112747738 A CN 112747738A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/02—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by astronomical means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C25/00—Manufacturing, calibrating, cleaning, or repairing instruments or devices referred to in the other groups of this subclass
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Abstract
A parallelism monitoring star point switching off-axis two-reflector auto-collimation single-star simulator belongs to the technical field of photoelectric testing. The prior art has single function. The invention dispersedly distributes a plurality of LED arrays with different luminous color temperatures and adjustable intensity in the integrating sphere; a plurality of star holes with different apertures are equidistantly distributed on the rotating disc type star point plate along the same circumference; the light outlet hole of the integrating sphere is aligned with and contacted with the arc line of the circumference; a small wedge angle transmission reflector is arranged between a light outlet of the integrating sphere and the parabolic reflector, the star aperture is positioned at the focus of a reflection light path of the parabolic reflector, and the photosensitive surface of the CCD camera is positioned at the focus of the transmission light path of the parabolic reflector; the aperture of the parabolic reflector is larger than the diameter of the exit pupil of the off-axis two-reflector auto-collimation single-star simulator; two identical right-angle pentaprisms are symmetrically distributed on an emergent parallel light path of the parabolic reflector relative to an emergent parallel light optical axis, and the distance between the two identical right-angle pentaprisms is equal to the caliber of the parabolic reflector. The parallelism and the multi-color temperature can be monitored and simulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a parallelism monitoring star point switching off-axis two-reflector auto-collimation single-star simulator, belonging to the technical field of photoelectric testing.
Background
For a spacecraft running in space, the attitude is an important parameter influencing the space running track and the motion direction of the spacecraft. The real-time measurement and acquisition of the attitude are necessary preconditions for the spacecraft to complete tasks such as autonomously capturing a target, receiving an instruction, realizing on-orbit motion and the like. Without accurate attitude positioning, the spacecraft can roll uncontrollably on the track, resulting in a "lost space" condition. A spacecraft attitude sensor (hereinafter referred to as a star sensor) is a key instrument for measuring and acquiring the attitude of a spacecraft in real time. With the development of the aerospace technology, higher requirements are put forward on the measurement accuracy of the star sensor.
The star sensor is a high-precision space attitude measuring device which takes a fixed star as a reference system and is arranged in a spacecraft to work in the sky, and is an optical measuring component for the attitude of the spacecraft with the highest precision at present. In the working process, the star sensor firstly utilizes an optical lens and an image sensor to image a star in a field of view, the position and brightness information of the star point on the target surface of the image sensor are obtained through star point (image point of the star) extraction and centroid positioning, then the star point is identified through a star table so as to determine which star corresponds to the star point in the star table, finally the attitude information of the star sensor is obtained through attitude calculation according to the identification result, and then the real-time attitude data of the spacecraft is obtained according to the installation attitude relationship between the star sensor and the spacecraft and is used as the navigation basis of the spacecraft.
Before the star sensor is actually installed and used, the star sensor needs to be calibrated (star sensor calibration for short), namely the detection capability and the spatial resolution of the star sensor which originally works in an outer space are measured in a ground chamber, and a star simulator is matched in the measuring process to simulate a star point, namely the star in the real star air, including the characteristics of strictly simulating the spectrum (color temperature), the size, the brightness and the like of the star, so that a recognition target is provided for the star sensor.
A paper entitled "design and analysis of optical system of reflective single-star simulator" is published in the university of vinpocetine university published in 2017, 4 months (volume 38, 2), and an off-axis two-reflection auto-collimation single-star simulator is introduced, in the off-axis two-reflection auto-collimation single-star simulator, light emitted from a light source is sequentially reflected by an off-axis plane reflector and an off-axis parabolic mirror and then emits parallel light, and the off-axis two-reflection structure has no central blocking, so that the utilization rate of light energy is improved. However, since the single star simulator emits parallel light in terms of optical design, it is difficult to stabilize the parallelism of the emitted light in a satisfactory state due to mounting and adjustment, and the star light emission that needs to be simulated is considered to be typical parallel light. In addition, the detection capability of the star sensor is embodied by the limit detection star and the like (short for star point grade, unit Mi) of the star sensor, the limit detection star and the like represent the detection sensitivity of the star sensor to the fixed star, and the higher the limit detection star and the like, the higher the detection sensitivity is, and the stronger the detection capability of the star sensor to the fixed star is. The spatial resolution of the star sensor is measured by the single star field angle of the detected fixed star, and the smaller the single star field angle which can be detected is, the higher the spatial resolution is. Due to the fact that the color temperatures of different stars are different, the star simulator is required to be capable of simulating different color temperatures in a time-sharing mode. Although the heights of the stars and the like are not related to the color temperature simulated by the star simulator, the star simulator is required to be capable of simulating different brightness in a time-sharing manner depending on the intensity of light emitted by a light source in the star simulator. Although the distance between the stars is far and the size of the stars is greatly different, the beam opening angle difference from different stars is very small, so that the star simulator is required to provide simulated star points with different sizes in a time-sharing manner. However, the exiting parallel light of the light source of the existing single-star simulator has single color temperature, single brightness and single size of the simulated star point, so the single-star simulator cannot be matched with the star sensor to complete the overall calibration of the star sensor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a parallelism monitoring star point switching off-axis two-reflector auto-collimation single-star simulator. Monitoring the parallelism of the emergent parallel light by utilizing the light at the edge part of the emergent parallel light; a plurality of LED arrays with different light-emitting color temperatures and adjustable light-emitting intensity are dispersedly arranged in an integrating sphere, so that multi-color-temperature star simulation is realized, and different limit detection stars and the like are provided for detecting the detection capability of the star sensor; a plurality of star holes with different hole diameters are equidistantly distributed on the rotating disc type star point plate along the same circumference, the size can be switched, fixed stars with different sizes and distances can be simulated, the single star field angles are different, and accordingly the spatial resolution of the star sensor is checked.
The parallelism monitoring star point switching off-axis two-reflector auto-collimation single-star simulator is characterized in that as shown in figure 1, a plurality of LED arrays 2 with different luminous color temperatures and adjustable luminous intensity are dispersedly distributed in an integrating sphere 1; a plurality of star holes 4 with different hole diameters are equidistantly distributed on the rotating disc type star point plate 3 along the same circumference; the light outlet hole of the integrating sphere 1 is aligned with and contacts with the arc line of the circumference; a small wedge angle transmission reflector 6 is arranged between a light outlet of the integrating sphere 1 and the parabolic reflector 5, the star aperture 4 is positioned at the focus of a reflection light path of the parabolic reflector 5, and a light sensing surface of the CCD camera 7 is positioned at the focus of the transmission light path of the parabolic reflector 5; the aperture of the parabolic reflector 5 is larger than the diameter of the exit pupil of the off-axis two-reflector auto-collimation single-star simulator; two identical right-angle pentaprisms 8 are symmetrically distributed on an emergent parallel light path of the parabolic reflector 5 relative to an emergent parallel light optical axis, the distance between the two identical right-angle pentaprisms 8 is equal to the caliber of the parabolic reflector 5, and the right-angle pentaprisms are located at the exit pupil of the off-axis two-mirror auto-collimation single-star simulator in the axial direction of the emergent parallel light.
The invention has the technical effects that as shown in figure 1, a plurality of LED arrays 2 with different luminous color temperatures are dispersedly distributed in an integrating sphere 1, each LED array 2 respectively emits light with different color temperatures in a respective light mixing mode, one LED array 2 is started at a certain time, and light with corresponding color temperature is emitted through a light outlet of the integrating sphere 1 so as to simulate fixed stars with the same color temperature and realize simulation of multi-color-temperature fixed stars; meanwhile, different limit detection stars and the like are provided for detecting the detection capability of the star sensor by adjusting the luminous intensity of one LED array 2. Because a plurality of star holes 4 with different apertures are equidistantly distributed on the turntable star point plate 3 along the same circumference, and the light outlet of the integrating sphere 1 is aligned and contacted with the arc line of the circumference, the turntable star point plate 3 is rotated to switch among the star holes 4 with different apertures, thereby simulating fixed stars with different sizes and distances, and the single star field angles are different, and accordingly, the spatial resolution of the star sensor is tested. Because two identical right-angle pentaprisms 8 are symmetrically distributed on the edge of the emergent parallel light path of the parabolic reflector 5 relative to the emergent parallel light optical axis, when light emitted from the light outlet of the integrating sphere 1 passes through a certain star aperture 4, and then is reflected by the small wedge angle transmission reflector 6 and the parabolic reflector 5 in sequence, and then is emergent as emergent parallel light, two beams of light of the emergent parallel light outside the diameter of the exit pupil of the off-axis two-reflection auto-collimation single-star simulator are reflected by the two right-angle pentaprisms 8 in sequence, reversely enter the parabolic reflector 5, are reversely reflected by the parabolic reflector 5, are transmitted by the small wedge angle transmission reflector 6, and finally are imaged on the photosensitive surface of the CCD camera 7, if a light spot is displayed on the display screen, the parallelism of the emergent parallel light can meet the requirement, if two light spots can be observed on the display screen, although the two light spots are mostly overlapped, the adjustment of the optical system needs to be corrected at this time, for example, the posture of the small wedge angle transmission reflector 6 or/and the paraboloidal reflector 5 is adjusted until the two light spots are completely overlapped, which is the process of monitoring the parallelism of the emergent parallel light, and in the embodiment of the invention, the parallelism of the emergent parallel light can be ensured to be better than 1 ″. On the basis, more accurate outgoing parallel light parallelism monitoring can be carried out, namely two energy centers of light spots displayed on a display screen by an image detected by the CCD camera 7 are found through integral operation, and the outgoing parallel light parallelism is reduced.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure and operation of a parallelism monitoring star point switching off-axis two-mirror auto-collimation single-star simulator, which is taken as an abstract figure at the same time.
Detailed Description
The diameter of the integrating sphere 1 is 500mm, the diameter of the light outlet is 10mm, and the light emitted by the LED array 2 is homogenized by the integrating sphere 1 and then emitted from the light outlet.
7 LED arrays 2 are provided, and the light-emitting wavelength of the LEDs in the LED arrays 2 is in the range of 350nm to 950 nm; the 7 LED arrays 2 each simulate a color temperature, denoted as O, B, A, F, G, K, M, with the color temperature ranges in turn: 30000K-60000K, 10000K-30000K, 7500K-10000K, 6000K-7500K, 5000K-6000K, 3500K-5000K and 2000K-3500K; the light emission intensity of the LED array 2 corresponds to a simulated limit detection star equivalent range of +2Mi to +8.5Mi, and the following 8 limit detection stars and the like are simulated in this range, respectively: 2Mi, 3Mi, 4Mi, 5Mi, 6Mi, 7Mi, 8Mi and 8.5 Mi.
The axis of the rotating shaft of the rotating disc type star point plate 3 is parallel to the axis of the light outlet hole of the integrating sphere 1, the rotating shaft is made of metal or transparent glass coated with a chromium layer, and the opening of the chromium layer is used as a star hole 4.
The number of the star holes 4 is 6, the aperture is 2000 μm, 1000 μm, 50 μm, 40 μm, 30 μm and 20 μm respectively, the corresponding single star field angle is 131 ", 65.5", 3.3 ", 2.6", 2 ", 1.3" in sequence, and the maximum is 131 ", namely 0.036 °, so the field angle of the off-axis two-reflection self-collimation single-star simulator is designed to be 0.05 °; the axis of the star hole 4 is coincided with the axis of the light outlet of the integrating sphere 1, and the coincidence error is less than 0.02 mm.
The focal length of the parabolic reflector 5 is 3500mm, the working wave band is 350 nm-950 nm, the diameter of the exit pupil of the off-axis two-mirror auto-collimation single-star simulator is designed to be 350mm, and the caliber of the parabolic reflector 5 is determined according to the diameter; the outgoing parallel light reflected and emitted by the parabolic mirror 5 has a parallelism better than 1 ".
The included angle between the front plane mirror and the rear plane mirror of the small wedge angle transmission reflector 6 is 0.189 degrees (wedge angle), and the small wedge angle can eliminate the influence of the chromatic dispersion of the transmitted light on the imaging quality of the CCD camera 7, and further eliminate astigmatism in a wide spectrum range; the front plane mirror is plated with a reflecting film with a wave band of 350 nm-950 nm and a transmitting film with a wave band of 450 nm-750 nm, and the wave band of the transmitting film is beneficial to the receiving of the CCD camera 7; the projection of the axis (the shortest connecting line of the thinnest point and the thickest point) of the small wedge angle transmission reflector 6 is superposed with the axis of the emergent parallel light, the wedge angle of the small wedge angle transmission reflector 6 faces the axis of the emergent parallel light, and the included angle between the front plane mirror and the axis of the emergent parallel light is 50 degrees.
The CCD camera 7 is a large image plane digital CCD camera, and the pixel size delta is smaller than 7.3 mu m so as to improve the receiving angle resolution CCD.
The RMS (surface form accuracy) of the two mirror surfaces of the right-angle pentaprism 8 is better than one hundredth wavelength.
Claims (10)
1. A parallelism monitoring star point switching off-axis two-reflector auto-collimation single-star simulator is characterized in that a plurality of LED arrays (2) with different luminous color temperatures and adjustable luminous intensity are dispersedly distributed in an integrating sphere (1); a plurality of star holes (4) with different apertures are equidistantly distributed on the rotating disc type star point plate (3) along the same circumference; the light outlet hole of the integrating sphere (1) is aligned with and contacted with the arc of the circumference; a small wedge angle transmission reflector (6) is arranged between a light outlet of the integrating sphere (1) and the parabolic reflector (5), the star hole (4) is positioned at the focus of a reflection light path of the parabolic reflector (5), and a light sensing surface of the CCD camera (7) is positioned at the focus of the transmission light path of the parabolic reflector (5); the caliber of the parabolic reflector (5) is larger than the diameter of the exit pupil of the off-axis two-reflector auto-collimation single-star simulator; two identical right-angle pentaprisms (8) are symmetrically distributed on an emergent parallel light path of the parabolic reflector (5) relative to an emergent parallel light optical axis, the distance between the two identical right-angle pentaprisms (8) is equal to the caliber of the parabolic reflector (5), and in the axial direction of the emergent parallel light, the right-angle pentaprisms are positioned at the exit pupil of the off-axis two-reflection auto-collimation single-star simulator.
2. The parallelism-monitoring star-point switching off-axis two-mirror auto-collimation single-star simulator according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the integrating sphere (1) is 500mm, and the diameter of the light-emitting hole is 10 mm.
3. The parallelism-monitoring star-point switching off-axis two-mirror auto-collimation single-star simulator according to claim 1, wherein the number of the LED arrays (2) is 7, and the light-emitting wavelength of the LEDs in the LED arrays (2) is in the range of 350nm to 950 nm; the 7 LED arrays (2) respectively simulate a color temperature, which is recorded as O, B, A, F, G, K, M, and the color temperature ranges are as follows: 30000K-60000K, 10000K-30000K, 7500K-10000K, 6000K-7500K, 5000K-6000K, 3500K-5000K and 2000K-3500K; the luminous intensity of the LED array (2) corresponds to the equivalent range of simulated limit detection stars from +2Mi to +8.5 Mi.
4. The parallelism monitoring star point switching off-axis two-mirror auto-collimation single-star simulator according to claim 3, wherein the following 8 limit detection stars are simulated in the limit detection star equivalence range +2Mi to +8.5Mi respectively: 2Mi, 3Mi, 4Mi, 5Mi, 6Mi, 7Mi, 8Mi and 8.5 Mi.
5. The parallelism monitoring star point switching off-axis two-mirror auto-collimation single-star simulator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the axis of the rotating shaft of the rotating disc type star point plate (3) is parallel to the axis of the light outlet hole of the integrating sphere (1), the rotating shaft is made of metal or transparent glass coated with a chromium layer, and the opening of the chromium layer is used as the star hole (4).
6. The parallelism-monitoring star-point switching off-axis two-mirror auto-collimation single-star simulator as recited in claim 1, wherein the number of the star holes (4) is 6, the aperture is 2000 μm, 1000 μm, 50 μm, 40 μm, 30 μm and 20 μm, and the corresponding single star field angle is 131 ", 65.5", 3.3 ", 2.6", 2 ", 1.3" in sequence; the axis of the star hole (4) is superposed with the axis of the light outlet hole of the integrating sphere (1), and the superposition error is less than 0.02 mm.
7. The parallelism-monitoring star-point-switching off-axis two-mirror auto-collimation single-star simulator according to claim 1, wherein the focal length of the parabolic reflector (5) is 3500mm, and the operating band is 350 nm-950 nm.
8. The parallelism-monitoring star-point switching off-axis two-mirror auto-collimation single-star simulator according to claim 1, wherein an included angle between a front plane mirror and a rear plane mirror of the small wedge angle transreflective mirror (6) is 0.189 degrees; the front plane mirror is plated with a reflecting film with a wave band of 350 nm-950 nm and a transmitting film with a wave band of 450 nm-750 nm; the projection of the axis of the small wedge angle transmission reflector (6) is coincided with the axis of the emergent parallel light, the wedge angle of the small wedge angle transmission reflector (6) faces the axis of the emergent parallel light, and the included angle between the front plane mirror and the axis of the emergent parallel light is 50 degrees.
9. The parallelism-monitoring star-point-switching off-axis two-mirror auto-collimation single-star simulator according to claim 1, wherein the CCD camera (7) is a large-image-plane digital CCD camera, and the pixel size delta is less than 7.3 μm.
10. A parallelism monitor star point switch off-axis two-mirror auto-collimation single-star simulator according to claim 1, wherein the face accuracy of the two reflecting mirrors of the right-angle pentaprism (8) is better than one hundredth wavelength.
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