CN112738843B - High-rate 5G uplink congestion control method for determining communication delay - Google Patents

High-rate 5G uplink congestion control method for determining communication delay Download PDF

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CN112738843B
CN112738843B CN202110061814.6A CN202110061814A CN112738843B CN 112738843 B CN112738843 B CN 112738843B CN 202110061814 A CN202110061814 A CN 202110061814A CN 112738843 B CN112738843 B CN 112738843B
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CN112738843A (en
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李治军
李林刚
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0284—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control detecting congestion or overload during communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/12—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/27—Evaluation or update of window size, e.g. using information derived from acknowledged [ACK] packets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/28—Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations
    • H04L47/283—Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations in response to processing delays, e.g. caused by jitter or round trip time [RTT]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0289—Congestion control

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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-speed 5G uplink congestion control method for determining communication delay, which comprises the following steps: when the sending end detects that the bandwidth is not increased any more, the sending end exits the slow starting stage and enters a congestion avoiding stage; dividing time into each tau ms as a time period, and calculating the average Round Trip Time (RTT) and the link de-queuing rate in the current time period by a sending end according to the ACK packet received in each tau ms; calculating the queue length size causing the RTT change by utilizing the RTT change value between the current time period of tau ms and the first time period of tau ms after congestion avoidance and the link dequeuing rate of the current time period of tau ms; after each time period of tau ms, the sending end adjusts the size of the congestion window according to the length of the queue so as to eliminate the queue causing RTT change and realize the stability of round trip delay. The method eliminates queue changes and RTT jitter caused by the queue changes, and end-to-end transmission with fixed delay is realized.

Description

High-rate 5G uplink congestion control method for determining communication delay
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of computer communication, in particular to a high-rate 5G uplink congestion control method for determining communication delay.
Background
With the rapid development of the application of the internet of things, the increased video traffic and industrial data bring a great deal of congestion collapse and data packet delay to the network. The traditional best-effort end-to-end network can not meet various application scenes and requirements gradually, and the future network gradually develops towards on-time and accurate performance.
In a conventional end-to-end network, a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) provides a reliable transport layer communication Protocol oriented to a connection, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the network to a certain extent. However, the existing TCP congestion control algorithm cannot satisfy the three conditions of high bandwidth, fixed delay and easy deployment at the same time. This is because in the congestion control algorithm of TCP, some adjust the congestion window based on packet loss or link capacity detection, which causes the link queuing length to jitter greatly and cannot realize fixed delay transmission; some are that a congestion window is adjusted once every Round-Trip Time (RTT) interval based on RTT change, and a sending end cannot accurately control a corresponding queuing length according to a change of a link condition, so that the sending end is not suitable for a link that changes rapidly, and the RTT cannot tend to be stable; some of them return link information by modifying intermediate routes, so as to adjust the congestion window of the sending end, but they are inconvenient to deploy.
At present, in order to realize end-to-end transmission of deterministic delay, three technologies of FlexE, AVB/TSN and DetNet have been proposed by those skilled in the art, but all of the three technologies are designed based on a novel network architecture and cannot be directly deployed in currently widely used ethernet.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a high-rate 5G uplink congestion control method for determining communication delay, which combines a TCP congestion control algorithm with end-to-end fixed delay transmission and utilizes the queue length to adjust the cwnd window size to realize deterministic delay TCP transmission.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a high-rate 5G uplink congestion control method for determining communication delay, including the following steps: step S1, when the sending end detects that the bandwidth is not longer increased during slow start, the sending end exits the slow start stage and enters the congestion avoidance stage; step S2, dividing the time into each tau ms as a time period, the sending end calculates the average round trip time RTT and the link de-queue rate in the current time period according to the ACK packet received in each tau ms; step S3, calculating the queue length causing RTT change in the two time periods by using the Round Trip Time (RTT) change value between the current time period of tau ms and the first time period of tau ms after congestion avoidance and the link dequeuing rate in the current time period of tau ms; step S4, after each τ ms time period, the sending end adjusts the congestion window according to the queue length.
The method for controlling the 5G uplink congestion with high speed rate for determining the communication delay combines TCP congestion control with fixed delay to realize deterministic delay transmission convenient to deploy, adjusts a congestion control window of the next time period by calculating the length of a congestion queue, eliminates RTT (round trip time) change caused by queue change, realizes end-to-end transmission of the fixed delay, can obtain higher throughput and stable transmission delay even under a network environment with fast change, and is very convenient to deploy only by modifying a congestion control algorithm of a sending end.
In addition, the high-rate 5G uplink congestion control method for determining communication delay according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the step S1 specifically includes: when the slow start congestion window cwnd is exponentially increased, when the throughput increase value of continuous 3 RTTs is detected to be lower than 25%, the bandwidth is considered to be fully utilized, the slow start stage exits, the congestion avoidance stage enters, and the size of the congestion window cwnd is adjusted to be half of the cwnd when the slow start stage exits.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the calculation formula of the average round trip delay RTT and the link dequeuing rate in the current time period in step S2 is as follows:
Figure BDA0002902646530000021
Figure BDA0002902646530000022
wherein, average _ RTT is average round trip time RTT, RTTkThe round trip time RTT respectively corresponding to k ACK packets received within tau ms, Rate _ out is the dequeue Rate, NackIs the number of ACK packets received within τ ms.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the calculation formula of the queue length that causes the RTT to change between the current τ ms time period and the first τ ms time period after the congestion avoidance is calculated as follows:
ΔRTT＝average_RTTi-average_RTT1
Δqueue＝ΔRTT*Rate_outi
wherein, average _ RTTiIs the average of the i time period of τ msReturn delay RTT, Rate _ outiThe link dequeue rate for the ith τ ms period.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, after the step S4 adjusts the congestion window, the packet queuing rate in the next τ ms period is:
Figure BDA0002902646530000023
where Rate _ in is the queue entry Rate, NackThe number of ACK packets received within the time period of tau ms, cwnd is a congestion window value within the current time period of tau ms, and cwnd _ next is a congestion window value within the next time period of tau ms.
Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, the cwnd _ next needs to satisfy
Figure BDA0002902646530000024
Cwnd-cwnd _ next ═ Δ queue is obtained so that the queue length that caused the RTT change is eliminated in the next period of τ ms.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
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The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a high-rate 5G uplink congestion control method for determining communication delay according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
First, existing TCP congestion control mainly uses the following methods, but there are many disadvantages, specifically the following:
(1) congestion control based on packet loss. That is, when the link is congested, for example, the sending end receives redundant ACK or does not receive ACK after time out, the sending end multiplicatively subtracts the current congestion window, and relieves the congestion in the link by reducing the transmission rate, for example, Reno.
However, the congestion control algorithm based on packet loss generally triggers multiplicative reduction of a congestion window only when a congestion event occurs after a link buffer is full, and in the process, the sending rate is changed from fast to slow, and the link queuing condition is also changed from full queuing to gradually empty queuing. This results in that during the data transmission process, the link buffer is sometimes occupied and sometimes emptied gradually, so the round-trip transmission delay is also negligible, and the end-to-end fixed delay cannot be guaranteed.
(2) Congestion control based on round trip delay. And the sending end calculates the corresponding round trip time RTT after receiving the ACK, reduces the congestion control window by a certain fixed value when detecting that the RTT is increased, and increases the congestion control window by a certain fixed value, such as Vegas, when detecting that the RTT is decreased.
Although congestion control based on delay can adjust a congestion window according to the change of delay, the strategy for adjusting the window is too conservative, so that the congestion control based on delay is generally in a disadvantage when competing for a link with other congestion control algorithms, and the throughput is low. In addition, such an algorithm that adjusts the congestion control window once per RTT cannot adjust the window in time when a link with a rapid change is encountered, and the window cannot be adjusted by increasing or decreasing a fixed value each time, so that different congestion window changes cannot be selected for different queue lengths, which may also cause a large delay jitter.
(3) Congestion control based on bandwidth estimation. The sending end enlarges the congestion control window at a fixed period, improves the sending rate to detect the maximum bandwidth of the link, reduces the congestion control window at a fixed period and detects the minimum RTT of the link. In the rest time periods except the detection period, the sending end estimates the delay bandwidth product of the link according to the detected maximum link bandwidth and the minimum RTT, and selects a proper congestion control window to send data, such as BBR.
But the congestion control algorithm based on bandwidth probing will perform probing of the maximum bandwidth and the minimum RTT every a fixed time interval, and update the link information adjustment window accordingly. This method cannot quickly track the link change condition due to the relatively long probing interval (e.g., the BBR probes the bandwidth every 8 RTTs and probes the minimum RTT every 10 seconds), and therefore the transmission delay of the method also has a large jitter.
(4) Congestion control based on explicit feedback. This type of method enables the intermediate route to feed back link information to the sending end by modifying the route in the link. The sending end does not need to detect the link, and can directly adjust the congestion control window, such as ABC, according to the explicit information.
Although the congestion control algorithm based on display feedback can adjust the congestion window of the sending end in time according to the link information fed back by the intermediate route, link detection is not needed, and higher bandwidth utilization rate and more stable transmission delay can be realized. However, such methods typically require modification of intermediate routes and senders, e.g., additional fields may be added to the message to indicate link information. Therefore, such a congestion control method is inconvenient to deploy, and especially for links that cannot modify intermediate routes, such a congestion control method cannot be implemented.
Secondly, in order to realize end-to-end transmission of deterministic delay, technicians in the field have proposed technologies such as FlexE, AVB/TSN and DetNet in recent years, wherein, the FlexE technology realizes decoupling of service rate and physical channel rate by adding a shim layer between an MAC layer and a PHY layer, and utilizes time slot crossing to isolate channels, thereby providing channels with better isolation for service data, so as to realize user service flow forwarding based on the physical layer, a user message does not need to be analyzed at a network intermediate node, the service flow forwarding process is completed in near real time, and the forwarding delay of single-hop equipment is less than 1 μ s; the AVB/TSN divides the flow with different demands in the network into different priority flows, distinguishes the flow with deterministic demand from the other flows, and then provides a determined transmission time slot for the high priority flow through different flow shaping mechanisms by the thought similar to time division multiplexing so as to ensure that the time sensitive flow has a determined transmission path; the deterministic delay of the DetNet in the two-layer network is mainly realized by a TSN mechanism. Namely, AVB/TSN and DetNet require an accurate network time synchronization mechanism and a network management mechanism for scheduling traffic of different priorities to guarantee a certain delay. Obviously, although the deterministic delay network techniques described above can achieve end-to-end deterministic delay transmission well, these methods are implemented based on a new network architecture, and because of the difference in network architectures, these techniques cannot be implemented directly in the conventional ethernet.
Therefore, the present application provides a method for implementing end-to-end fixed delay transmission by using congestion control.
A flow chart of a high-rate 5G uplink congestion control method for determining communication delay according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a high-rate 5G uplink congestion control method for determining communication delay according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for controlling uplink congestion at a high rate of 5G for determining communication delay includes the following steps:
in step S1, when the sender detects that the bandwidth is no longer increasing during slow start, the sender exits the slow start phase and enters the congestion avoidance phase.
Specifically, the slow start stage in the embodiment of the present invention is similar to the slow start process in the conventional TCP congestion control algorithm, and the specific process may be: if the value of the congestion window cwnd of the initial sending end is 1, the sending end can only send 1 datagram message segment at present, after the receiving end receives the datagram message segment, the receiving end replies 1 confirmation message segment to the sending end, after the sending end receives the confirmation message segment, the value of the congestion window cwnd is changed into 2, the sending end continuously sends 2 datagram message segments at the moment, after the receiving end receives 2 datagram message segments, the receiving end sends back 2 confirmation message segments to the sending end once, after the sending end receives 2 confirmation messages, the value of the congestion window cwnd is added with 2 to be changed into 4, so that the congestion window is exponentially increased in the slow start stage, the bandwidth can be rapidly occupied, and the slow start stage is exited and enters the congestion avoiding stage until the bandwidth is fully occupied and does not increase any more.
Further, the condition for exiting the slow start phase in the embodiment of the present invention is similar to the condition for exiting the start phase by the novel congestion control algorithm BBR, and when the sending end detects that the bandwidth is no longer increasing, for example, when the congestion window is doubled for 3 consecutive RTTs, but the actual bandwidth increase is less than 25%, that is, it is considered that the link is already occupied at this time, the slow start phase exits, and the congestion avoidance phase enters.
In step S2, the time is divided into a time period of τ ms, and the sending end calculates the average round trip delay RTT and the link dequeuing rate in the current time period according to the ACK packet received in each τ ms.
Figure BDA0002902646530000051
In particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
Figure BDA0002902646530000052
wherein, average _ RTT is average round trip time RTT, RTTkThe round trip time RTT respectively corresponding to k ACK packets received within tau ms, Rate _ out is the dequeue Rate, NackIs the number of ACK packets received within τ ms.
In step S3, a queue length that causes RTT changes in the current τ ms period and the first τ ms period after congestion avoidance is calculated using the round trip delay RTT change value and the link dequeuing rate in the current τ ms period.
ΔRTT＝average_RTTi-average_RTT1
Δqueue＝ΔRTT*Rate_outi
Wherein, average _ RTTiIs the average round trip delay RTT, Rate _ out, in the ith time period of τ msiIs the dequeue rate for the ith period of τ ms.
In step S4, after each τ ms period, the transmitting end adjusts the congestion window according to the queue length.
Further, after the congestion window is adjusted, the queue entry rate of the data packets in the next τ ms time period is:
Figure BDA0002902646530000053
where Rate _ in is the queue entry Rate, NackThe number of ACK packets received within the time period of tau ms, cwnd is a congestion window value within the current time period of tau ms, and cwnd _ next is a congestion window value within the next time period of tau ms.
It should be noted that, in order to prevent RTT jitter caused by the queue from affecting RTT in a subsequent τ ms period, the embodiment of the present invention needs to make the queue length be eliminated in a subsequent τ ms period. Therefore, the value of cwnd _ next should satisfy
Figure BDA0002902646530000054
Substituting the equations in step S2, step S3, and step S4 into the formula can simplify the cwnd-cwnd _ next ═ Δ queue, and according to the formula, it can be known that the queue causing RTT variation can be eliminated by selecting an appropriate cwnd _ next. Obviously, the scheme is no longer similar to the conventional TCP congestion control scheme in that window adjustment is performed every RTT, so that response can be rapidly made to a changing link, and the size of congestion window adjustment can effectively eliminate queues causing RTT jitter in time, so that the RTT is always stabilized in a certain range, and end-to-end transmission with fixed time delay is realized.
To sum up, the method for controlling 5G uplink congestion at high rate for determining communication delay according to the embodiments of the present invention combines TCP congestion control with fixed transmission delay, and adjusts a congestion control window in a next time period by calculating a queue length causing RTT change, thereby eliminating queue change and RTT jitter caused by the queue change, and implementing end-to-end transmission of fixed delay.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A high-rate 5G uplink congestion control method for determining communication delay is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, when the sending end detects that the bandwidth is not longer increased during slow start, the sending end exits the slow start stage and enters the congestion avoidance stage;
step S2, dividing the time into a time period of τ ms, and the sending end calculates the average round trip time RTT and the link dequeuing rate in the current time period according to the ACK packet received in each τ ms, specifically:
Figure FDA0003600772730000011
Figure FDA0003600772730000012
wherein, average _ RTT is average round trip time RTT, RTTkThe round trip time RTT respectively corresponding to k ACK packets received within tau ms, Rate _ out is the dequeue Rate, NackThe number of ACK packets received within tau ms;
step S3, calculating a queue length that causes RTT changes in the two time periods by using a round trip time RTT change value between the current time period of τ ms and the first time period of τ ms after congestion avoidance is entered, and a link dequeuing rate in the current time period of τ ms, specifically:
ΔRTT＝average_RTTi-average_RTT1
Δqueue＝ΔRTT*Rate_outi
wherein, average _ RTTiIs the average round trip delay RTT, Rate _ out, in the ith period of τ msiThe link dequeuing rate in the ith time slot of tau ms;
step S4, after each τ ms time period, the sending end adjusts the congestion window according to the queue length, and then the data packet queuing rate in the next τ ms time period is:
Figure FDA0003600772730000013
where Rate _ in is the queue entry Rate, NackThe number of ACK packets received within the time period of tau ms, cwnd is the congestion window value in the current time period of tau ms, cwnd _ next is the congestion window value in the next time period of tau ms, and soThe cwnd _ next needs to be satisfied
Figure FDA0003600772730000014
Cwnd-cwnd _ next ═ Δ queue is obtained so that the queue length that caused the RTT change is eliminated in the next period of τ ms.
2. The method for controlling uplink congestion at a high rate of 5G for determining a communication delay according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 specifically includes:
when the slow start congestion window cwnd is exponentially increased, when the throughput increase value of continuous 3 RTTs is detected to be lower than 25%, the bandwidth is considered to be fully utilized, the slow start stage exits, the congestion avoidance stage enters, and the size of the congestion window cwnd is adjusted to be half of the cwnd when the slow start stage exits.
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