CN112705728B - Green preparation method of silver nanorods - Google Patents

Green preparation method of silver nanorods Download PDF

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CN112705728B
CN112705728B CN202110062843.4A CN202110062843A CN112705728B CN 112705728 B CN112705728 B CN 112705728B CN 202110062843 A CN202110062843 A CN 202110062843A CN 112705728 B CN112705728 B CN 112705728B
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silver
silver nitrate
concentration
volumetric flask
preparation
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CN112705728A (en
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赵海东
卢珍
杨堃
郝亚南
田鑫
邹城
宋宇静
陈佳禄
郭永
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Shanxi Datong University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/16Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
    • B22F9/18Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
    • B22F9/24Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures

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Abstract

The invention relates to a green preparation method of a silver nano rod, belongs to the technical field of silver nano rod preparation, and can solve the problems of complex process, low yield and no green environmental protection of the existing seed crystal method for preparing the silver nano rod 3 The addition amount of the solution is regulated, and the method has important practical application value as a method for preparing silver nano rods in a green and large scale.

Description

Green preparation method of silver nanorods
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of silver nanorod preparation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing silver nanorods in natural plant extract in a green manner.
Background
In recent years, due to the rapid development of the preparation technology of the emerging noble metal nano-materials, many excellent characteristics of the metal nano-materials are gradually discovered. Silver is taken as a relatively cheap raw material in a noble metal family, and naturally becomes a research hot spot with the most development potential, and the morphology of the silver nano material is spherical, triangular, rod-shaped, cubic and the like, wherein the silver nano rod can be applied to aspects of optical transmission, optical imaging, biological detection and the like due to the optical characteristics of surface plasmon resonance.
The preparation method of the silver nano material comprises an electrochemical method, a chemical reduction method, a sol-gel method, a coprecipitation method, a hydrothermal method, a polyol method and the like, and a certain amount of stabilizer or protective agent is generally required to be added in the preparation process, so that the organic matters can cause environmental pollution, cause harm to human bodies and increase the cost. The classical method for preparing the silver nanorods is a seed crystal method reported by Murphy, and the method has low yield and complex steps, so that the development of the method for preparing the silver nanorods, which is environment-friendly and simple and convenient to operate, has a certain research significance.
The yellow flower as an edible flower contains rich flavonoid compounds, has reducibility and biodegradability, is nontoxic and does not pollute the environment, so the yellow flower is hopefully used as a raw material for preparing the silver nano material. The application aims to prepare silver nanorods by using flavonoid compounds in the extract of yellow flowers as a reducing agent and a protecting agent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of complex process, low yield and no environmental protection of the existing seed crystal method for preparing the silver nanorods, the invention provides a preparation method of the silver nanorods, and a method for preparing the silver nanorods in natural plant extract in a green way.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the green preparation method of the silver nanorods comprises the following steps:
first, extracting flavonoid compounds
Grinding dry yellow flowers into powder, weighing 5.0 and g, placing the ground yellow flowers into a 250 mL round-bottom flask, adding 125 mL distilled water, soaking for 90 minutes, adding zeolite, repeatedly heating and refluxing for three times each time for two hours, cooling, filtering with a suction bottle for three times, and collecting the extract to obtain 1000 mL yellow flowers extract for later use;
second step, silver nano rod preparation
Firstly preparing silver nitrate solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, transferring 50mL of yellow flower extracting solution into a volumetric flask with the concentration of 100 mL, adding the silver nitrate solution into the volumetric flask, then fixing the volume by deionized water, placing the volumetric flask in an environment with sufficient light for continuous reaction for two hours at normal temperature, centrifuging in a centrifuge tube after the reaction is finished at the rotating speed of 12000 r/min for 5 min, and finally cleaning the product obtained by centrifugation with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water for three times alternately, and airing to obtain the product.
The volume of the silver nitrate solution in the second step is 0.5-5mL.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the whole preparation process of the invention has convenient operation and simple process, can be used for green batch preparation of silver nano rods, overcomes the defects of complex process, low yield, no green environmental protection and the like of the traditional seed crystal method, and the prepared silver nano rods can pass through AgNO in length 3 The addition amount of the solution is regulated, and the method has important practical application value as a method for preparing silver nano rods in a green and large scale.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an ultraviolet-absorption spectrum of silver nanoparticles prepared at different silver nitrate concentrations, wherein: the reference numerals 1-4 are respectively ultraviolet images with the concentration of silver nitrate of 0.5 mmol/L, 1.0 mmol/L, 5 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L.
Fig. 2 is an ultraviolet-absorption spectrum of silver nanoparticles prepared at different illumination times, wherein: reference numerals 1 to 6 refer to ultraviolet diagrams with illumination times of 1h, 2h, 3h, 4 h, 8 h and 12h, respectively.
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of silver nanorods with a silver nitrate concentration of 0.5 mmol/L and an illumination time of 2 h.
FIG. 4 is an SEM image of silver nanorods with a silver nitrate concentration of 1 mmol/L and an illumination time of 2 h.
FIG. 5 is an SEM image of silver nanorods with a silver nitrate concentration of 5 mmol/L and an illumination time of 2 h.
FIG. 6 is an SEM image of silver nanorods with a silver nitrate concentration of 10 mmol/L and an illumination time of 2 h.
FIG. 7 is an SEM image of silver nanorods with a silver nitrate concentration of 5 mmol/L at 1h (A), 2h (B), 3h (C), and 12h (D) of illumination time.
FIG. 8 is an SEM image of a mass-produced silver nanorod (illumination time 2h, silver nitrate concentration 5 mmol/L).
Fig. 9 is an XRD pattern of a silver nanorod prepared according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is an EDX graph of a silver nanorod prepared according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the invention, the extraction of the yellow ketone compounds in the yellow cauliflower is carried out:
grinding flos Hemerocallis into powder, accurately weighing 5.0000 g ground flos Hemerocallis into 250 mL round bottom flask, adding 125 mL distilled water, soaking for 90 min, and refluxing under heating for three times each for two hours. And after cooling, carrying out suction filtration for three times, and collecting an extracting solution for later use.
Accurately transferring the extract of the daylily after 5mL suction filtration into a 25 mL volumetric flask by using a pipette, adding 1.0 mL of 5% sodium nitrite, uniformly mixing, standing for 6 min, adding 1.0 mL of 10% aluminum nitrate solution, shaking uniformly, standing for 6 min, adding 10.0 mL of 1% sodium hydroxide solution, adding distilled water to a scale, shaking uniformly, standing for 15 min, and measuring the absorbance at 510 nm by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer to obtain the absorbance of 0.177. Substituting the standard curve regression equation: y=12.29688x+0.045889 (r= 0.99988), the concentration of flavonoids in the day lily extract is 10.7x10 -3 mg/L。
Example 1: firstly, 0.1 mol/LAgNO is precisely prepared 3 Solution, 50mL of yellow flower extract was transferred into a volumetric flask of 100 mL, and then 0.5 mL of 0.1mol/L silver nitrate solution was added to the volumetric flask, followed by deionized water to volume. At normal temperature, placing the volumetric flask in an environment with sufficient light for continuous reaction for two hours, and after the reaction is finished, using a centrifuge tube to carry out centrifugal separation, wherein the rotating speed is 12000 r/min, and the time is 5 min. And finally, alternately cleaning the product obtained by centrifugation with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water for three times, and airing to obtain the product.
Example 2: firstly, 0.1 mol/LAgNO is precisely prepared 3 Solution, 50mL of yellow flower extract was transferred into a volumetric flask of 100 mL, and then 1.0 mL of 0.1mol/L silver nitrate solution was added to the volumetric flask, followed by deionized water to volume. At normal temperature, placing the volumetric flask in a light-sufficient environment for continuous reaction for two hours, and centrifuging in a centrifuge tube at 12000 r/min, the time is 5 min. And finally, alternately cleaning the product obtained by centrifugation with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water for three times, and airing to obtain the product.
Example 3: firstly, 0.1 mol/LAgNO is precisely prepared 3 Solution, 50mL of yellow flower extract was transferred into a volumetric flask of 100 mL, and then 5.0 mL of 0.1mol/L silver nitrate solution was added to the volumetric flask, followed by deionized water to volume. At normal temperature, placing the volumetric flask in an environment with sufficient light for continuous reaction for two hours, and after the reaction is finished, using a centrifuge tube to carry out centrifugal separation, wherein the rotating speed is 12000 r/min, and the time is 5 min. And finally, alternately cleaning the product obtained by centrifugation with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water for three times, and airing to obtain the product.
The screening process of the invention is as follows:
1. silver nanorods were prepared at different silver nitrate concentrations.
(1)0.1 mol/LAgNO 3 Solution preparation: accurately weighing 1.6987 g silver nitrate, dissolving in small amount of distilled water, pouring into a 100 mL volumetric flask, constant volume, and shaking.
(2) Four volumetric flasks of 100 mL, numbered A, B, C, D, were pipetted accurately to the four volumetric flasks to obtain 50.00 mL day lily extract, and 0.50 mL (i.e., example 1), 1.00 mL (i.e., example 2), 5.00 mL (i.e., example 3), 10.00 mL of 0.1mol/L silver nitrate solution were added to the volumetric flasks, respectively, followed by deionized water to volume.
(3) At normal temperature, four volumetric flasks are simultaneously placed on a windowsill with enough light to continuously react for two hours, after the reaction is carried out for two hours, day lily extract is used as a blank control, and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum detection is carried out on the solutions in the four volumetric flasks respectively. And then pouring the residual solution into a centrifuge tube for centrifugal separation, and adjusting the rotating speed to 12000 r/min for 5 min. And finally, alternately cleaning the product obtained by centrifugation with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water for three times, and then cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol and airing. And XRD and SEM detection of the product is carried out.
Silver nano-meter is prepared by changing the concentration of silver nitrate, namely the concentration is 0.5 mmol/L, 1 mmol/L, 5 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L, and ultraviolet-visible spectrum detection is carried out after reaction 2 h. The results are shown in FIG. 1:
as can be seen from fig. 1: as the concentration of silver nitrate increases, the characteristic absorption peak of silver nano-particles gradually widens, and the concentration does not widen any more after increasing to a certain value. Indicating that the size of the silver nanoparticles gradually increases until it is maximized and no longer changes.
The silver nano prepared by changing the concentration of silver nitrate, namely the concentration of 0.5 mmol/L, 1 mmol/L, 5 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L, is subjected to scanning electron microscope detection after 2h reaction. As a result, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, the prepared silver nano-rod was rod-shaped, and the silver nano-rod prepared at a silver nitrate concentration of 5 mmol/L was longest in length and relatively uniform in length of 2.65. 2.65 um. The length of the nano silver is increased and then decreased along with the concentration of the silver nitrate. In the figure, the silver nanorods have impurity ions.
2. Silver nanorods were prepared at different illumination times.
(1) Six volumetric flasks of 100 mL were taken, and the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 were pipetted accurately to the six volumetric flasks to obtain 50.00 mL of daylily extract, and then 5.00 mL of 0.1mol/L silver nitrate solution was added to each volumetric flask, followed by deionized water to volume.
(2) At normal temperature, six volumetric flasks were placed on the same well-lit window at the same time to give a continuous reaction time of 1h, 2h (i.e., example 3), 3h, 4 h, 8 h, 12h, and after the reaction was completed, the solution in each of the four volumetric flasks was subjected to uv-vis absorption spectroscopy using day lily extract as a blank. And then pouring the residual solution into a centrifuge tube for centrifugal separation, and adjusting the rotating speed to 12000 r/min for 5 min. And finally, alternately cleaning the product obtained by centrifugation with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water for three times, and then cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol and airing. And XRD and SEM detection of the product were performed.
Silver nano-meter is prepared by changing illumination time, namely 1h, 2h, 3h, 4 h, 8 h and 12h, the concentration of silver nitrate is controlled to be 5 mmol/L, and ultraviolet-visible spectrum detection is carried out after the reaction is completed. The results are shown in FIG. 2:
as can be seen from fig. 2: as the illumination time is prolonged, the position of the maximum characteristic absorption peak of the silver nano material is gradually increased. Increasing from 468 nm of 1h to 477 nm of 2h, 494 nm of 3h, 516 nm of 4 h, 566 nm of 8 h, 565 nm of 12 h.
Silver nanometer is prepared by changing illumination time, namely 1h, 2h, 3h, 4 h, 8 h and 12h, so that the concentration of silver nitrate is 5 mmol/L, and electron microscope detection is carried out after the reaction is completed. The results are shown in FIG. 7, which shows that: when the illumination time is 2h, the particles are relatively uniform and distributed in a rod shape. When the illumination time is prolonged, silver nano particles are easy to agglomerate, and the effect is poor. The crystallization degree of silver nano-meter is related to flavonoid compounds, and the longer the illumination time is, the worse the crystallization degree is.
The large-batch verification preparation experiment result shows that when the silver nitrate concentration is controlled to be 5 mmol/L and the illumination time is controlled to be 2h, the length-diameter ratio of the product is about 2.86 silver nanorods, the product size is uniform, and the yield is high.
XRD results analysis was performed on the prepared silver nanorods, and as a result, as shown in FIG. 9, unit cell parameters of the nano-unit can be obtained from FIG. 9, for analyzing the structure of the crystal. The crystal plane indices are (111), (200), (220) and (311) crystal planes in this order. The silver prepared is pure silver, the product configuration is in a face-centered cubic structure, and the reasons that the peak is not sharp and the impurity peak is more are that the flavonoid compound can influence the crystallization degree of silver nanometer.
The spectral analysis is carried out on the prepared silver nano rod, the result is shown in figure 10, spectral peaks of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and silver appear in the spectral graph, and the elements such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen are taken as base elements, so that the silver nano material is successfully prepared, other miscellaneous peaks are not observed except the four peaks, and therefore, the prepared product can be determined to be pure silver without other impurities.
The invention adopts a green preparation method, takes flavonoid compounds in the day lily extract as a reducing agent and a protective agent, and successfully synthesizes the silver nanorods. The influence of the concentration of silver nitrate and the illumination condition on the morphology of the product is examined in the experiment, and the product is characterized by adopting ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum (UV-Vis), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and electron microscope (SEM). The findings obtained by the study are as follows:
(1) The UV-Vis results indicated a characteristic absorption peak for silver at 420-480 nm. SEM results showed that: in AgNO 3 The concentration is 5 mmol/L, and the prepared nano particles are more uniform when the illumination time is 2 hours. Increasing the illumination time is detrimental to the formation of silver nanorods.
(2) The verification test shows that: the method can be applied to the mass preparation of silver nano rods, and has high yield and uniform size.
(3) XRD shows a remarkable peak, which shows that the prepared product is silver with a face-centered cubic structure, but flavonoid compounds have a certain influence on the crystallinity of the product. EDX results further indicate that the product is pure silver.

Claims (1)

1. A green preparation method of silver nanorods is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
first, extracting flavonoid compounds
Grinding dry yellow flowers into powder, weighing 5.0 and g, placing the ground yellow flowers into a 250 mL round-bottom flask, adding 125 mL distilled water, soaking for 90 minutes, adding zeolite, repeatedly heating and refluxing for three times each time for two hours, cooling, filtering with a suction bottle for three times, and collecting the extract to obtain 1000 mL yellow flowers extract for later use;
second step, silver nano rod preparation
Firstly, preparing a silver nitrate solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, transferring 50mL of yellow flower extracting solution into a volumetric flask with the concentration of 100 mL, adding the silver nitrate solution into the volumetric flask, then fixing the volume by deionized water, placing the volumetric flask in an environment with sufficient light for continuous reaction for two hours at normal temperature, centrifuging in a centrifuge tube after the reaction is finished at the rotating speed of 12000 r/min for 5 min, and finally, alternately cleaning the product obtained by centrifugation with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water for three times, and airing to obtain the product;
the volume of the silver nitrate solution in the second step is 0.5-5mL.
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