CN112688070B - Distributed multi-point feed broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna - Google Patents
Distributed multi-point feed broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a distributed multi-point feed broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The antenna comprises a dielectric cavity consisting of four same radiation substrates, wherein the dielectric cavity is vertically arranged on a metal bottom plate, and an antenna radiation body part is printed on the surface of the dielectric cavity; a feed substrate for multi-point feeding, the feed substrate is placed on the metal bottom plate in parallel and is placed in the dielectric cavity, and an equal power division microstrip matching circuit for feeding the antenna radiator part is printed on the upper surface of the feed substrate; the dielectric cavity and the feed substrate are arranged on the upper surface of the metal bottom plate; and the radio frequency joint inner core is connected with the center of the equal power division microstrip matching circuit. The antenna simultaneously realizes the broadband and omnidirectional characteristics of the vertical polarization antenna, and the antenna is easy to be integrated with other antennas to realize the integration and miniaturization of multiple antennas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a distributed multi-point feed broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna which can be integrated with other antennas, and can form a multi-band or multi-polarization antenna under the condition of not increasing the overall dimension of the antenna, so that the integration and miniaturization of multiple antennas are realized.
Background
The vertical polarization antenna is usually realized by adopting a monopole antenna, wherein one arm of the dipole is replaced by a metal floor, and the monopole antenna consists of one arm of the dipole and the metal floor. The monopole achieves the same horizontal omnidirectional radiation performance as the dipole under the condition that the monopole is only half the height of the dipole. The impedance bandwidth of the traditional monopole is narrow, and the monopole is generally subjected to deformation design for increasing the impedance bandwidth of an antenna, such as technical measures of sheet structures with different shapes, loading parasitic radiation structures, improving floor structures, adding microstrip matching circuits and the like, so that the impedance bandwidth of the monopole is widened. However, while the impedance bandwidth of the monopole is increased, the stability of the antenna radiation pattern is significantly deteriorated by the influence of the metal floor, for example, in the case of a certain metal floor, the maximum gain direction of the broadband monopole in the direction diagram at high frequency is biased to the low elevation direction and the beam is narrowed. Therefore, the realization of broadband directional diagram bandwidth of monopole is a technical difficulty which still needs to be solved at present.
In the modern times, the demand for data transmission is increasing, and it is imperative to increase the capacity of communication systems. The polarization diversity technology only occupies the volume of one antenna, but provides a plurality of irrelevant channels, and can effectively improve the frequency spectrum utilization rate and further improve the capacity of a communication system. Polarization diversity techniques are commonly used for multi-polarized antennas, which are usually dual polarized antennas or triple polarized antennas, i.e. two or three polarizations are integrated into a single design. Therefore, the vertical polarization antenna and the horizontal polarization antenna are integrated and designed to be a multi-polarization antenna, and the antenna has a high practical application value. In the design of multi-polarization antenna, the integration of different polarizations can be realized by adopting layering or nesting. Antennas with different polarizations need to be considered to be integrated with antennas with other polarizations in the design process, and meanwhile, antennas with different polarizations need to be considered to be integrated into a whole so that each polarization can work independently and efficiently. Designing a vertical polarization antenna that is broadband, omnidirectional, miniaturized, and can be integrated with other polarization antennas is a technical point of multi-polarization antenna design. When the multi-frequency antenna is designed, the multi-frequency antenna can be realized by adopting other technologies such as a loading technology or a meander technology on one antenna, and the multi-frequency antenna can also be realized by adopting a plurality of antennas according to the actual application requirements. When multiple antennas are adopted to realize multi-frequency work, how to ensure the normal work of each antenna and simultaneously, the efficient utilization of space resources is a technical key point of the current antenna design, namely, under the condition that the multiple antennas work independently and efficiently, the realization of the integrated design of the multiple antennas is the technical requirement of the current antenna design.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The performance of the conventional vertical polarization antenna is greatly influenced by the size of the base plate, namely when the size of the base plate is fixed, the directional diagram of the conventional broadband vertical polarization antenna is poor in stable orientation in the whole frequency band range, and the beam direction is obviously deviated. In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a distributed multi-point feed broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna. The layout that the tops of the 4T-shaped radiating fins are connected is adopted to realize vertical polarization, the structure is stable, and when the size of the bottom plate is fixed, the directional pattern wave beam stability in the working frequency band range is good. I.e. the vertically polarized antenna is less affected by the size of the backplane.
When the conventional vertical polarization antenna is integrated with other antennas, the directional pattern stability of the vertical polarization antenna is reduced, that is, the directional pattern beam direction of the antenna is seriously deviated. In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a distributed multi-point feed broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna. The vertical polarization antenna can be integrated with other antennas, for example, other antennas are integrated into the antenna, and the vertical polarization antenna has high symmetry and good stability, so that the multi-antenna integration can be realized, and meanwhile, the broadband and good directional diagram stability of the antenna are ensured.
Technical scheme
A distributed multi-point feed broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna is characterized by comprising a dielectric cavity, a feed substrate, a metal bottom plate and a radio frequency connector; the medium cavity is arranged on the upper surface of the metal base plate and consists of four same radiation substrates, an antenna radiation body structure is printed on the surface of each radiation substrate, the antenna radiation structure is formed by combining 4T-shaped radiation pieces connected with the upper parts of the radiation substrates, and the T-shaped radiation pieces have different gradient slopes at different heights; the feed substrate is arranged on the upper surface of the metal bottom plate in parallel and located in the dielectric cavity, an equal-power-division microstrip matching circuit is printed on the upper surface of the feed substrate, the input end of the equal-power-division microstrip matching circuit is connected with the radio frequency connector, and the output end of the equal-power-division microstrip matching circuit is connected with the lower part of the antenna radiator.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the equal power division microstrip matching circuit is a one-to-four equal power division microstrip matching circuit, each branch circuit comprises a 50 omega transmission line and an 1/4 impedance transformation line, wherein one end of the 1/4 impedance transformation line is connected with the radio frequency connector, the other end of the 1/4 impedance transformation line is connected with the 50 omega transmission line, and the other end of the 50 omega transmission line is connected with the lower part of the T-shaped radiating patch.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the radio frequency joint is arranged below the metal bottom plate, an inner core of the radio frequency joint penetrates through the metal bottom plate to be connected with the input end of the equal power division microstrip matching circuit, and an outer skin of the radio frequency joint is connected with the metal bottom plate.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the relative dielectric constant of the radiation substrate is 3, and the thickness is 0.5 mm.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the relative dielectric constant of the feed substrate is 3, and the thickness is 0.5 mm.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the T-shaped radiation piece is 15.5mm in overall height and 27m in width.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the metal bottom plate is made of aluminum.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the distributed multi-point feed broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna provided by the invention has the advantages that an antenna radiator is composed of 4T-shaped radiating pieces with upper parts connected, the 4T-shaped radiating pieces are respectively printed on the inner surfaces of the four walls of a dielectric cavity, and the T-shaped radiating pieces are of gradient structures, namely have different gradient slopes at different heights. The antenna adopts an equal power division microstrip matching circuit with four in one to feed an antenna radiator part, and the tail end of each branch circuit is respectively connected with the bottom of a T-shaped radiating piece. The antenna has the advantages that the antenna obtains broadband impedance bandwidth due to the special layout mode of the radiating body part of the antenna and the multi-point feeding technology, meanwhile, the concept of array is utilized due to the layout that the upper parts of the 4T-shaped radiating pieces of the antenna are connected, namely, the antenna has good omnidirectional radiation performance and the stability of an antenna directional diagram in a frequency band range is good due to the interaction of an array factor and a unit directional diagram. The antenna can be used for being integrated with other antennas, for example, other antennas are arranged inside the antenna, and integration and miniaturization of multiple antennas are achieved.
In summary, the antenna radiator portion adopts 4T-shaped radiating patches connected at the upper part to form a vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna, which realizes the broadband of the operating frequency band and maintains good horizontal omni-directionality and directional pattern stability in the operating frequency band range. The antenna can be used for being integrated with other antennas, for example, other antennas are arranged in the antenna, and under the condition that the overall external dimension of the antenna is not increased, a multi-band or multi-polarization antenna can be formed, so that the integration and miniaturization of the multi-antenna are realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall structural view of an antenna of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a plan view of a radiator portion of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an E-plane pattern of the antenna of the present invention at 3 GHz;
FIG. 7 is an H-plane pattern of the antenna of the present invention at 3 GHz;
FIG. 8 is an E-plane pattern of the inventive antenna at 4 GHz;
FIG. 9 is an H-plane pattern of the inventive antenna at 4 GHz;
FIG. 10 is an E-plane pattern of the inventive antenna at 5 GHz;
FIG. 11 is an H-plane pattern of the inventive antenna at 5 GHz;
FIG. 12 is an E-plane pattern of the antenna of the present invention at 6 GHz;
fig. 13 is an H-plane pattern of the inventive antenna at 6 GHz.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:
the invention provides a distributed multipoint feed broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna, which comprises a dielectric cavity, a radiating body and a radiating base plate, wherein the dielectric cavity is composed of four same radiating base plates and is vertically arranged on a metal bottom plate; a feed substrate for multi-point feeding, the feed substrate is placed on the metal bottom plate in parallel and in the dielectric cavity, and an equal power division microstrip matching circuit for feeding the antenna radiator part is printed on the upper surface of the feed substrate; the dielectric cavity and the feed substrate are arranged on the upper surface of the metal bottom plate; and the inner core of the radio frequency joint is connected with the center of the equal power division microstrip matching circuit, and the outer skin of the radio frequency joint is connected with the metal bottom plate.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the dielectric cavity is not provided with a cover plate and is vertically arranged on the upper surface of the metal bottom plate, and the radiator part of the antenna is printed on the inner surface of the dielectric cavity.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the antenna radiator is composed of 4T-shaped radiating sheets with upper parts connected, wherein the T-shaped radiating sheets have different slopes at different heights, and the upper parts of the T-shaped radiating sheets are connected to enable the radiator part of the antenna to be an integral body. The plane structure of the 4T-shaped radiating pieces is a broadband array antenna structure connected left and right, and the antenna obtains broadband and even ultra-wideband performance due to the gradual change structure in the T-shaped radiating pieces and the design that the upper parts of the T-shaped radiating pieces are connected end to end. 4T-shaped radiating fins in the radiating body part of the antenna are distributed, so that the radiation pattern stability of the antenna is good.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the feed substrate is arranged in the dielectric cavity, an equal power division microstrip matching circuit used for feeding the antenna radiator part is printed on the upper surface of the feed substrate, and the equal power division microstrip matching circuit is connected with the bottoms of the 4T-shaped radiation pieces and is used for realizing multipoint feeding of the antenna radiator part. The multi-point feed structure can ensure that the currents on the 4T-shaped radiating pieces are uniformly distributed in the whole frequency band, so that the antenna can obtain good omnidirectional radiation performance in the whole working frequency band range.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the equal-power-division microstrip matching circuit is a one-to-four equal-power-division microstrip matching circuit, wherein each branch of the microstrip circuit is connected with the lower part of one T-shaped radiating piece, and the equal-power-division microstrip matching circuit realizes the broadband impedance bandwidth of the antenna by adopting a mode of combining an 1/4 impedance conversion circuit and a 50 omega transmission line on the basis of realizing equal-power distribution.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the dielectric cavity is vertically arranged on the surface of the metal bottom plate, and the feed substrate is arranged in parallel.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the radio frequency joint is arranged below the metal base plate, an inner core of the radio frequency joint penetrates through the metal base plate to be connected with the center of the equal power division microstrip matching circuit, and an outer skin of the radio frequency joint is connected with the metal base plate.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a distributed multi-point feed broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna, which operates in an SC band, and includes a dielectric cavity 1 (with a relative dielectric constant of 3 and a thickness of 0.5mm), the dielectric cavity 1 having a length of 28mm, a height of 16mm and a thickness of 0.5mm, the dielectric cavity 1 enclosing the whole antenna radiator portion, the dielectric cavity 1 being manufactured by a printed circuit process on an inner surface of the dielectric cavity 1, T-shaped radiation fins 101 printed on the inner surface of four walls of the dielectric cavity 1, the upper portions of the 4T-shaped radiation fins 101 being connected, the overall length of the dielectric cavity 101 being 27mm, and the overall height being 15.5 mm. An equal power division microstrip matching circuit is printed on the upper surface of a feed substrate 2, the length of the feed substrate 2 (the relative dielectric constant is 3, the thickness is 0.5mm) is 28mm, the width is 28mm, and the thickness is 0.5mm, the equal power division microstrip matching circuit consists of four equal power division lines, each branch line consists of microstrip lines 201 and 202, the length of 201 is 2mm, the width is 1.5mm, the length of 202 is 12mm, the width is 0.35mm, the 201 part is a 50 omega transmission line, and the 202 part is an 1/4 impedance transformation line. A metal base plate 3 (made of aluminum, 100mm long and wide and 2mm thick) serves as a reflector of the radiator portion of the antenna and a support structure for the dielectric cavity 1. The radio frequency connector 4 is used for feeding the antenna, a part of length of the radio frequency connector inner core is shown as 401, the extension part 401 is connected with the center of the equal power division microstrip matching circuit, and the outer skin of the radio frequency connector 4 is connected with the metal bottom plate 3.
Multiple technologies are implemented together, so that the antenna has broadband impedance bandwidth characteristics and directional diagram stability, and meanwhile, other antennas can be integrated inside the antenna by combining the hollow structural characteristics inside the antenna, so that the integrated design of multiple antennas is realized.
1. Emulated content
Simulation experiments are carried out on the antenna of the embodiment by using simulation software, and the voltage standing wave ratio and the radiation pattern of the antenna are shown in fig. 5 to 13.
2. Simulation result
Fig. 5 is a graph of vswr as a function of operating frequency simulated for an antenna of an embodiment. In the frequency band range of 2.71 GHz-7.80 GHz, the voltage standing wave ratios are all less than 2, and the absolute bandwidth is more than one octave. The results show that the antenna of the present invention achieves significant broadband characteristics with impedance matching.
Fig. 6 to 13 show the E-plane and H-plane patterns in the wide frequency band obtained by the simulation of the antenna according to the embodiment. The maximum gain of the E surface of the antenna is about 2.7-6.5 dB in the whole frequency band range, and the out-of-roundness of the H surface of the antenna is less than 4.5dB in the frequency band range of 2.71 GHz-6 GHz. Simulation results show that the antenna has good omni-directionality in the working frequency band range larger than one octave and good stability of a directional pattern in the working frequency band range.
The good broadband impedance bandwidth characteristic of the antenna and the good omnidirectional characteristic of the antenna in the working frequency band range make the antenna extremely valuable for use.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not constitute any limitation to the present invention, and obviously, under the concept of the present invention, the structure, parameters and frequency of the present invention can be modified, so as to obtain the broadband characteristic and the omnidirectional characteristic of the antenna of the present invention, and realize the integration of the antenna with other antennas or the conformation with a carrier, but these are all protected by the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A distributed multi-point feed broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna is characterized by comprising a dielectric cavity (1), a feed substrate (2), a metal bottom plate (3) and a radio frequency connector (4); the medium cavity (1) is not provided with a cover plate and is vertically arranged on the upper surface of the metal base plate (3), the medium cavity (1) is composed of four same radiation base plates, a T-shaped radiation sheet is respectively printed on the surface of each radiation base plate, the upper parts of 4T-shaped radiation sheets are connected and combined to form an antenna radiation body structure, and the T-shaped radiation sheets have different gradient slopes at different heights; the feed substrate (2) is arranged on the upper surface of the metal base plate (3) in parallel and located inside the dielectric cavity (1), an equal power division microstrip matching circuit is printed on the upper surface of the feed substrate (2), the input end of the equal power division microstrip matching circuit is connected with the radio frequency connector (4), and the output end of the equal power division microstrip matching circuit is connected with the lower part of the antenna radiator.
2. A distributed multi-feed broadband vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna according to claim 1, wherein said equal power division microstrip matching circuit is a one-to-four equal power division microstrip matching circuit, each branch comprises a 50 Ω transmission line (201) and an 1/4 impedance transformation line (202), wherein one end of the 1/4 impedance transformation line (202) is connected to the rf connector (4), the other end is connected to the 50 Ω transmission line (201), and the other end of the 50 Ω transmission line (201) is connected to the lower portion of the T-shaped radiating patch.
3. A distributed multi-point feed broadband vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna according to claim 1, wherein the radio frequency connector (4) is disposed below the metal base plate (3), an inner core of the radio frequency connector (4) passes through the metal base plate (3) and is connected to an input terminal of the equal power division microstrip matching circuit, and an outer skin of the radio frequency connector is connected to the metal base plate (3).
4. The distributed multi-feed broadband vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating substrate has a relative dielectric constant of 3 and a thickness of 0.5 mm.
5. A distributed multi-point fed broadband vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that said feeding substrate (2) has a relative dielectric constant of 3 and a thickness of 0.5 mm.
6. The distributed multi-feed broadband vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, wherein the overall height of the T-shaped radiating patch is 15.5mm and the width is 27 mm.
7. A distributed multi-feed broadband vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that said metal bottom plate (3) is aluminum.
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| CN113410642A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-17 | 上海微波技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第五十研究所） | One-to-four power division feed network of broadband antenna |
| CN114696081B (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2023-10-10 | 苏州迈斯维通信技术有限公司 | Multi-order resonant high-isolation broadband cavity array antenna system |
| CN116666973B (en) * | 2023-06-29 | 2024-05-03 | 电子科技大学 | Ferrite EBG loading buried cavity type tightly-coupled ultra-wideband array antenna |
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| CN108539400A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-09-14 | 杭州电子科技大学 | A kind of band horizontal polarized omnidirectional antenna |
| CN110838615A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-25 | 大连理工大学 | Double-frequency line-circular polarization directional antenna |
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| CN201018005Y (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2008-02-06 | 李洪波 | Broadband high gain perpendicular polarization omni antenna |
| CN101777704B (en) * | 2010-02-21 | 2013-02-06 | 摩比天线技术（深圳）有限公司 | Indoor omnidirectional antenna |
| DE102010011867B4 (en) * | 2010-03-18 | 2011-12-22 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Broadband omnidirectional antenna |
| CN105552548B (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2018-04-17 | 厦门大学 | A kind of three poliarizing antennas with space and polarity diversity |
| CN105811099A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-07-27 | 西安电子科技大学 | Small satellite navigation antenna and anti-multipath interference cavity thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108539400A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-09-14 | 杭州电子科技大学 | A kind of band horizontal polarized omnidirectional antenna |
| CN110838615A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-25 | 大连理工大学 | Double-frequency line-circular polarization directional antenna |
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