CN112666698A - Dispersive super-surface-based fiber bundle multi-azimuth three-dimensional confocal imaging device and method - Google Patents
Dispersive super-surface-based fiber bundle multi-azimuth three-dimensional confocal imaging device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dispersion super-surface-based optical fiber bundle multi-azimuth three-dimensional confocal imaging device and method, belongs to the field of optical fiber microscopic endoscopy, and mainly comprises a broadband light source module, a galvanometer scanning system, a coupling objective lens, a miniature probe module, a detection module and a computer control system. The micro probe module comprises a micro right-angle prism and a dispersion super surface, wherein the micro right-angle prism is used for reflecting the emergent light at the far end of the optical fiber bundle to the side surface in a lateral imaging mode, the dispersion super surface is used for three-dimensional imaging, and a three-dimensional image of a sample can be obtained through the matching of the modules. The invention provides a novel method for realizing multi-azimuth three-dimensional imaging by combining a fiber bundle confocal principle with a super-surface design, which can realize forward imaging and lateral imaging, and has the advantages of high imaging speed, high resolution and wide field range; the device does not need to be loaded with an electromechanical scanning probe, greatly simplifies the volume of an imaging element, and can really realize lens-free imaging with low damage on the body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical fiber microscopic endoscopy, in particular to a dispersion super-surface based optical fiber bundle multi-azimuth three-dimensional confocal imaging device and method.
Background
A fiber optic endoscope has been widely used in the field of medical imaging as an imaging instrument. The optical fiber bundle is the most commonly used endoscopic imaging optical fiber device at present, has the advantages of resisting environmental influences such as bending deformation, temperature change and the like compared with a multimode optical fiber, and can realize high-resolution large-range fast scanning imaging by combining with a confocal microscopic imaging technology. However, the common confocal imaging probe cannot move freely, lacks the capability of multi-directional imaging, and causes the problem of observation dead angle in the imaging application of narrow areas.
In addition, many cancers and lesions are not present only in the superficial layer but also in the deep tissues during actual diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Therefore, the large-area high-resolution three-dimensional imaging is of great significance for avoiding missing detection. Conventional three-dimensional imaging probes typically use electrically tunable lenses, tunable acoustic gradient index lenses, and some MEMS elements to achieve axial scanning, but these methods all require the application of electrical control signals to the intrabody probe, and these bulky probe structures can have invasive effects on the body and cause discomfort. Moreover, these probe structures suffer from optical aberrations and inertia of mechanical motion, and poor imaging quality and stability.
Through the miniature right angle prism structure of design at the probe front end, can draw out the lateral wall signal to overcome the difficult problem of side direction formation of image, combine with the forward imaging that has matured and can realize diversified formation of image. In recent years, research on a super-surface micro-nano structure is rapidly advanced, and the super-surface structure has the advantages of sub-wavelength scale optical regulation, thinness, easiness in integration and low loss and has the potential of serving as a high-quality imaging device. By applying the super-surface structure to a dispersion imaging device and combining the advantage of high resolution of a confocal microscopic imaging technology, the problem of nondestructive in-vivo three-dimensional high-resolution imaging can be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a dispersion super-surface-based optical fiber bundle multi-azimuth three-dimensional confocal imaging device and method, provides a system design combining a confocal scanning technology with a micro right-angle prism and a dispersion super-surface, ensures high-resolution rapid large-area two-dimensional scanning by using an optical fiber bundle external confocal scanning technology, meets the requirement of lateral imaging by using the design of the micro right-angle prism, and also provides a three-dimensional tomography method by using the characteristic of dispersion super-surface anomalous dispersion, through special micro-nano structure design and unit structure arrangement, can overcome the defects of large volume, heavy weight, instability caused by mechanical inertia and the like of a traditional mechanical axial scanning probe. The probe part has compact structure, is convenient to use flexibly, and can realize high-resolution three-dimensional imaging of the forward direction and the side wall in a narrow space.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a dispersive super-surface based optical fiber bundle multi-azimuth three-dimensional confocal imaging device, which comprises the following components arranged in sequence according to the light advancing direction:
the super-continuum spectrum laser is used for emitting multi-color broad spectrum light to realize illumination on the sample;
a collimator for collimating the light source into a parallel beam;
the band-pass filter is used for filtering to obtain visible light waveband incident light;
the beam splitter is used for reflecting the illumination light, transmitting and collecting a back scattering signal of the sample;
the galvanometer scanning system is used for performing rapid two-dimensional point scanning at the incident end of the optical fiber bundle, and a back scattering signal is scanned by the galvanometer scanning system, so that a fixed and unchangeable collection light beam can be maintained;
a 4f system for expanding the illumination light to fill the objective entrance pupil to fully utilize its numerical aperture;
a coupling objective lens for coupling the illumination light into each optical fiber of the fiber bundle;
the image transmission optical fiber bundle is used for transmitting an image of an incident end to a far end, consists of tens of thousands of small optical fibers and has high sampling rate;
the micro right-angle prism is used for reflecting the emergent light beam at the tail end of the optical fiber bundle to the side wall to realize lateral imaging;
the dispersion super surface is used for focusing the short-wavelength light to a deeper area and focusing the long-wavelength light to a shallower area, so that three-dimensional imaging is realized;
the confocal small hole is used for filtering information of an out-of-focus surface at a position conjugated with a sample focus point to realize the capability of longitudinal chromatography;
the grating is used for deflecting the back scattering signals with different wavelengths to different directions, and separating the wavelength signals corresponding to different depths of the sample, so that the depth signal of the detector can be conveniently extracted;
the line detector is used for converting the detected optical signal into an electric signal and transmitting the electric signal to the computer for processing;
and the computer is used for processing the signal of the detector, reconstructing the three-dimensional structure of the sample, and controlling the driving signal of the galvanometer scanning system to complete the two-dimensional plane scanning of the sample.
Wherein, the design steps of the dispersion super surface are as follows:
as shown in fig. 2b, the unit structure of the super-surface is composed of a medium substrate and a medium nano square columnar structure from bottom to top, and independent phase control can be realized at multiple wavelengths in the visible light band by changing the width w of the medium column.
The medium nano-column adopts a square structure to realize the function of irrelevant polarization, and the interference of various polarization states in the optical fiber is avoided.
Wherein, the period p of the medium square column is in the value range of p according to the Nyquist sampling law<λmin/2NA，λminNA is the focused numerical aperture for the minimum incident wavelength.
Wherein the width w of the medium square column is in a value range of 0.2 lambdamin <w<p，λminIs the minimum incident wavelength. The minimum value of w generally depends on the machining accuracy and the maximum aspect ratio limit.
Wherein the height h of the medium square column2In order to achieve at least 0-0 phase coverage in the whole wave band of the incident light, the value range is h2≥λmax，λmaxThe maximum incident wavelength.
The arrangement mode of the medium square columns is determined by ideal phase distribution, in order to realize point-to-point conjugation and axial focusing dispersion distribution with different wavelengths, phase delay provided by a super surface needs to compensate phase difference and group delay generated when light waves propagate in a free space, ideal focusing point distribution with spherical aberration can be obtained for an on-axis point light source, and the ideal phase can be represented by the following formula according to the Fermat principle:
as shown in fig. 1, λ is the wavelength of the incident light, l (λ) is a function of the variation of the image focus position with the wavelength, which is expected to be designed, and represents the depth range of the chromatic dispersion, s is the distance from the object point to the super-surface, R is the distance from each pixel on the super-surface lens to the center of the lens, n is the wavelength sampling number of the incident light, and C is a constant term related to the wavelength, so as to improve the degree of freedom of phase matching.
In order to obtain a unit structure closest to an ideal phase curve at each position, the arrangement mode of the circular super-surface lens adopts a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The values of the constant C under different wavelengths are used as the input of each population, ideal phase distribution is obtained, a unit arrangement mode with the minimum actual phase and ideal phase difference is found according to the distribution, the fitness function of each population is calculated to serve as an evaluation standard of phase matching, and the global optimal solution enabling the fitness function to be minimum can be converged finally through continuous optimization iteration of particle swarm. The fitness function f may be expressed as:
wherein phirealRepresenting the actual phase distribution, and m is the number of radial samples.
The invention also provides a dispersive super-surface based multi-azimuth three-dimensional confocal imaging method for the optical fiber bundle, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the wide-spectrum illumination light is collimated and filtered, then is scanned and modulated by a two-dimensional galvanometer controlled by a computer, is expanded by a first 4f system, and finally is subjected to point scanning at the near end of the optical fiber bundle by a coupling objective lens.
(2) The emergent light beam of the optical fiber bundle is reflected to the side surface or the front surface for imaging through a micro right-angle prism on the probe, and then is subjected to three-dimensional imaging through a dispersion super surface bonded on the side surface or the front surface of the prism.
(3) The back scattered light is returned by the original path, scanned by the galvanometer and received by the detection module.
(4) The computer processes the detection signal and reconstructs a high-resolution image on the three-dimensional side surface or the front surface according to the scanning track of the galvanometer.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
based on the imaging principle of confocal point scanning, the characteristics of multiple sampling numbers and one-to-one correspondence between the near end and the far end of the image transmission optical fiber bundle are combined, the incident beam is scanned at the near end of the optical fiber bundle through a galvanometer, and the far end point scanning is realized. The reflection action of the miniature right-angle prism deflects the light beam to the side for imaging. The super surface is a periodic micro-nano structure with low thickness, and the phase of light waves passing through the super surface can be adjusted by designing the two-dimensional arrangement of the unit structure. The traditional refraction-based lens has positive dispersion (namely short wave is larger than long wave dispersion), and the super-surface structure has the characteristic of intrinsic anomalous dispersion (namely long wave is larger than short wave dispersion), so that the characteristic can be utilized and expanded through special structure and phase design, multi-wavelength incident light is focused to different depths, and the consistency of transverse resolution of each wavelength is ensured. The far end, the near end and the sample of the optical fiber bundle meet the conjugate relation at different focusing depths, and the effect of axial chromatography can be realized by placing a confocal pinhole on a conjugate plane on the second 4f system frequency spectrum plane of the collection path to filter off-axis light beams. The detection module is designed by adopting a grating spectrometer, and can extract depth information corresponding to each wavelength.
Wherein the lateral resolution satisfies the formula:
wherein δ is the lateral resolution, λ is the wavelength, D is the aperture stop diameter, D is the focusing distance, and NA is the numerical aperture.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the dispersion super-surface structure design can overcome the defects of large volume, heavy weight, instability caused by mechanical inertia and the like of the traditional mechanical axial scanning probe;
(2) the probe part has compact structure, is convenient to use flexibly, and can realize high-resolution three-dimensional imaging of the side wall of a narrow space.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a simplified optical path schematic diagram of a dispersive super-surface, where the left dotted line is the exit end of a fiber bundle and the right dotted line is the image plane;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a super-surface device of the present invention, wherein (a) is a partial schematic diagram of the device, and (b) is a schematic diagram of a device unit structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fiber bundle lateral three-dimensional confocal imaging apparatus based on a dispersive super-surface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fiber bundle forward three-dimensional confocal imaging apparatus based on a dispersive super-surface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a method for designing a dispersive super-surface according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is an ideal phase curve and an optimized phase curve, (b) is a phase and dispersion curve obtained by a side length of a scanning unit, and (c) is a multi-wavelength axial focusing effect diagram obtained by ray tracing;
in the figure: the device comprises a super-continuous laser 1, an aperture 2, a collimator 3, a broadband optical filter 4, a beam splitter 5, a reflector 6, a two-dimensional scanning galvanometer 7, a first 4f system 8, reflector groups 9 and 10, a coupling objective lens 11, an image transmission optical fiber beam 12, a micro right-angle prism 13, a dispersive super-surface 14, a reflector 15, a second 4f system 16, a confocal aperture 17, a grating 18, a lens 19, a line detector 20, a computer 21 and a sample 22 to be detected.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the following detailed description is made with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
A multi-azimuth three-dimensional confocal imaging device based on a dispersive super-surface optical fiber bundle comprises the following components which are sequentially arranged according to the advancing direction of light: the device comprises a super-continuous laser 1, an aperture 2, a collimator 3, a broadband optical filter 4, a beam splitter 5, a reflector 6, a two-dimensional scanning galvanometer 7, a first 4f system 8, reflector groups 9 and 10, a coupling objective lens 11, an image transmission optical fiber beam 12, a micro right-angle prism 13, a dispersive super-surface 14, a reflector 15, a second 4f system 16, a confocal aperture 17, a grating 18, a lens 19, a line detector 20, a computer 21 and a sample 22 to be detected.
As shown in fig. 3, the process of the device in lateral three-dimensional confocal imaging is as follows:
(1) the supercontinuum laser 1 is collimated by the small hole 2 and the collimator 3, and then filtered by the broadband filter 4 to obtain illumination light in a visible light wave band;
(2) the illumination light is reflected by the beam splitter 5 and the reflector 6 and then enters the two-dimensional scanning galvanometer 7 for rapid scanning, and the motion track of the two-dimensional scanning galvanometer 7 is controlled by the computer 21;
(3) the first 4f system 8 expands the light beam to fill the entrance pupil of the coupling objective lens 11, and the reflector groups 9 and 10 are used for adjusting the overall two-dimensional movement of the light beam so as to improve the coupling efficiency of the coupling objective lens 11 on a single optical fiber in the image optical fiber bundle 12;
(4) multi-wavelength emergent light of the image transmission optical fiber bundle 12 is deflected to the side surface through a micro right-angle prism 13 with a fixed tail end for imaging, and is focused to different depths of a sample 22 through a dispersive super surface 14;
(5) the back scattering signal of the sample returns in the original path, passes through the same optical fiber in the image transmission optical fiber bundle 12, passes through the scanning removing process of the two-dimensional vibrating mirror 7, the signal light transmitted by the beam splitter 5 is reflected to the second 4f system 16 by the reflector 15, passes through the confocal small hole 17 arranged on the frequency spectrum surface, is deflected by the grating 18, is focused by the lens 19 and is received by the line detector 20, the optical signal is converted into an electric signal by the detector 20, is transmitted to the computer 21 for multi-wavelength decomposition and subsequent data processing, and finally can restore the three-dimensional image corresponding to the sample by combining the scanning track of the two-dimensional vibrating mirror 7, wherein the grating 18, the lens 19 and the line detector 20 can be replaced by a spectrometer.
As shown in fig. 4, the procedure of the apparatus in forward three-dimensional confocal imaging is as follows:
(1) the supercontinuum laser 1 is collimated by the small hole 2 and the collimator 3, and then filtered by the broadband filter 4 to obtain illumination light in a visible light wave band;
(2) the illumination light is reflected by the beam splitter 5 and the reflector 6 and then enters the two-dimensional scanning galvanometer 7 for rapid scanning, and the motion track of the two-dimensional scanning galvanometer 7 is controlled by the computer 21;
(3) the first 4f system 8 expands the light beam to fill the entrance pupil of the coupling objective lens 11, and the reflector groups 9 and 10 are used for adjusting the overall two-dimensional movement of the light beam so as to improve the coupling efficiency of the coupling objective lens 11 on a single optical fiber in the image optical fiber bundle 12;
(4) the multi-wavelength emergent light of the image transmission optical fiber bundle 12 is focused to different depths of a sample 22 through a dispersion super surface 14 which is arranged and fixed at the tail end;
(5) the back scattering signal of the sample returns in the original path, passes through the same optical fiber in the image transmission optical fiber bundle 12, passes through the scanning removing process of the two-dimensional vibrating mirror 7, the signal light transmitted by the beam splitter 5 is reflected to the second 4f system 16 by the reflector 15, passes through the confocal small hole 17 arranged on the frequency spectrum surface, is deflected by the grating 18, is focused by the lens 19 and is received by the line detector 20, the optical signal is converted into an electric signal by the detector 20, is transmitted to the computer 21 for multi-wavelength decomposition and subsequent data processing, and finally can restore the three-dimensional image corresponding to the sample by combining the scanning track of the two-dimensional vibrating mirror 7, wherein the grating 18, the lens 19 and the line detector 20 can be replaced by a spectrometer.
The design and parameters of the super-surface device are further explained below with reference to example 1.
The range of the illumination light can select the 488-640nm visible light wave band, as shown in fig. 2, the period of the super-surface unit structure is 350nm, a substrate and medium square column structure is adopted, the upper layer is a 650nm high SiN nanometer square column, the SiN material has the advantages of low refractive index, high visible light wave band transmittance, large band gap, high focusing efficiency and the like, high aspect ratio processing can be realized, and the bottom layer is a 200nm thick SiO2 medium substrate. By means of simulation software, namely, the interferometric FDTD, medium nano-scale grating with different widths is scanned from 100nm to 350nm to obtain reflectivity and phase information of the unit structure, a unit structure database is formed, as shown in FIG. 5b, the change of the unit structure size generates different phase changes at different wavelengths and is far larger than the change of the unit structure size, and therefore sufficient freedom is provided for overall phase design. By the particle swarm optimization algorithm, the ideal phase curve is matched with the particles in the unit structure database, so as to obtain the optimal unit structure arrangement map, as shown in fig. 5a, which represents the ideal phases (solid lines) at 5 wavelengths of 488nm, 526nm, 564nm, 602nm and 640nm and the actual phase distribution (points) after the unit is optimized and screened. Taking an actual fiber bundle NA =0.39 as an example, the distance between the fiber bundle and the super-surface is designed to be 50um, the diameter of the super-surface is 42um, and the object space NA =0.3, as shown in fig. 5c, the positions of the focus points under 5 wavelengths are obtained through geometric ray tracing, and are respectively 66um, 61um, 56um, 51um and 46um, so that the axial focusing under different wavelengths is realized.
Regarding the material of the super-surface upper layer structure unit, other materials which meet the requirements of corresponding wave band high transmittance and are easy to process can be selected, and the square structure can be replaced by a structure which is symmetrical in geometric shape and has no relation to polarization, such as a circle, and the like, so that the same effect is achieved.
The present invention is described in connection with the appended drawings, which are intended to illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and not to limit the invention, and all changes, equivalents, and modifications that come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a diversified three-dimensional confocal imaging device of fiber bundle based on dispersion super surface which characterized in that includes the following parts that set gradually according to the light direction of advance:
a supercontinuum laser for emitting illumination light;
the collimator is used for collimating the illumination light emitted by the laser into parallel light;
the band-pass filter is used for screening the wavelength range of the illuminating visible light;
the beam splitter is used for reflecting the illumination light, transmitting and collecting a back scattering signal of the sample;
the galvanometer scanning system is used for scanning the reflected illumination light to the near end face of the optical fiber bundle at a high speed in a two-dimensional mode;
a 4f system for expanding the illumination light;
the coupling objective lens is used for efficiently coupling the illumination light into the image transmission optical fiber bundle;
the image transmission optical fiber bundle is used for remotely guiding light and transmitting pixels;
the micro probe module comprises a micro right-angle prism and a dispersion super surface, wherein the micro right-angle prism is used for reflecting the emergent light at the far end of the optical fiber bundle to the side surface in a lateral imaging mode, and the dispersion super surface is used for three-dimensional imaging;
the detection module is used for collecting collected sample backscatter signals and comprises a grating, a lens, a confocal pinhole and a line detector;
and the computer is used for controlling the galvanometer scanning and processing the response of the detector to obtain a three-dimensional image of the sample.
2. The dispersive-super-surface-based optical fiber bundle multi-azimuth three-dimensional confocal imaging device according to claim 1, wherein: the supercontinuum laser selects a specific illumination light wavelength range through a band-pass filter.
3. The dispersive-super-surface-based optical fiber bundle multi-azimuth three-dimensional confocal imaging device according to claim 1, wherein: the galvanometer scanning system performs two-dimensional point scanning at the incident end of the optical fiber bundle under the control of a computer, and the point scanning is relayed to the emergent end through the image transmission optical fiber bundle.
4. The fiber bundle multi-azimuth three-dimensional confocal imaging apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the tail end of the miniature right-angle prism is bonded with a dispersion super-surface structure which is specially designed through simulation.
5. The dispersive-super-surface-based optical fiber bundle multi-azimuth three-dimensional confocal imaging device according to claim 1, wherein: in the detection module, the conjugate relation with different depths of the sample is realized through a confocal small hole, and meanwhile, multicolor spectrum information is recorded.
6. The dispersive-super-surface-based optical fiber bundle multi-azimuth three-dimensional confocal imaging device according to claim 1, wherein: the detection module is a combination of a grating, a lens, a confocal pinhole and a line detector or a spectrometer.
7. A multi-azimuth three-dimensional confocal imaging method of an optical fiber bundle based on a dispersive super-surface is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the multi-color light is illuminated, the light beam is reflected to the side surface through the miniature right-angle prism, the anomalous dispersion characteristic of the super-surface structure is utilized and expanded, the focusing depth of the short wavelength is larger than that of the long wavelength, and the consistency of the transverse resolution under each wavelength is ensured;
2) the back scattering light is received by the dispersion super surface and the micro right-angle prism and then is coupled into the optical fiber bundle again, the emergent light of the optical fiber bundle separates the optical signals with different wavelengths through the grating and is detected by the line detector, the intensity signals of the samples with different depths corresponding to each wavelength are combined with the set scanning sequence, and the three-dimensional sample structure is processed and reconstructed through the computer program.
8. The fiber bundle multi-azimuth three-dimensional confocal imaging method of claim 7, wherein the dispersive super-surface design and confocal scanning are combined to achieve three-dimensional tomography.
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| CN113349708A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-09-07 | 之江实验室 | Dual-mode high-resolution large-depth microscopic endoscopic imaging system based on large dispersion lens |
| CN113349708B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2023-05-26 | 之江实验室 | Bimodal high-resolution large-depth microscopic endoscopic imaging system based on large-dispersion lens |
| CN114488503A (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-05-13 | 江苏科技大学 | Ultra-structure miniature digital imaging system and method for pathological section scanner |
| CN114488503B (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2023-11-21 | 江苏科技大学 | Ultra-structure miniature digital imaging system and method for pathological section scanner |
| CN114877825A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-09 | 浙江大学 | Linear spectrum confocal system for three-dimensional surface type measurement based on super-surface light splitting |
| CN115381381A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2022-11-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | Endoscope device |
| CN115381381B (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-03-03 | 北京航空航天大学 | Endoscope device |
| CN116661138A (en) * | 2023-06-09 | 2023-08-29 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Optical design method of grating spectrometer |
| CN116661138B (en) * | 2023-06-09 | 2024-05-14 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Optical design method of grating spectrometer |
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