CN112629833A - Load acquisition method and device - Google Patents

Load acquisition method and device Download PDF

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CN112629833A
CN112629833A CN201910912771.0A CN201910912771A CN112629833A CN 112629833 A CN112629833 A CN 112629833A CN 201910912771 A CN201910912771 A CN 201910912771A CN 112629833 A CN112629833 A CN 112629833A
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strain
force
strain gauge
tested
target
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CN112629833B (en
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姚斌辉
康飞
顾彦
何融
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SAIC Motor Corp Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L25/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring force, torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a load acquisition method and a device, and the method comprises the following steps: determining the mounting position of a strain gauge of a part to be tested; the method comprises the steps of calibrating by installing a part to be tested attached with a strain gauge in a standard force measuring machine, and calculating a conversion matrix of force and strain; the strain gauge is attached to the part to be tested according to the mounting position of the strain gauge; measuring a target strain quantity of the strain gauge when the target vehicle is in a running working condition; wherein, the part to be tested which is pasted with the strain gauge is arranged on the vehicle in advance; and calculating the load of the part to be measured according to the target strain and the conversion matrix. According to the invention, the load of the part can be acquired without damaging the part or modifying the part, so that distortion is avoided, and the accuracy and the economy are improved.

Description

Load acquisition method and device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile testing, in particular to a load acquisition method and device.
Background
During the development of the whole vehicle, the load of the parts is often used for analyzing and evaluating the strength, fatigue and vibration noise of the vehicle parts.
At this stage, to obtain the load of the component, the component is usually broken, and then the force sensor is installed in the middle of the component to collect the load. However, this method requires the component itself to be destroyed, which causes some distortion of the load and requires complicated connecting means for connecting the force sensor and the component.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a load collecting method and device to solve the above problems. The technical scheme is as follows:
a method of load acquisition, the method comprising:
determining the mounting position of a strain gauge of a part to be tested;
the part to be measured with the strain gauge attached is arranged in a standard force measuring machine for calibration, and a conversion matrix of force and strain is calculated; the strain gauge is attached to the part to be tested according to the installation position of the strain gauge;
measuring a target strain quantity of the strain gauge when a target vehicle is in a running working condition; the part to be tested, which is pasted with the strain gauge, is arranged on a vehicle in advance;
and calculating the load of the part to be measured according to the target strain and the conversion matrix.
Preferably, the determining the installation position of the strain gauge of the component to be tested includes:
and selecting the position of the part to be tested, wherein the strain sensitivity of the part to be tested meets the specified conditions, as the mounting position of the strain gauge.
Preferably, the calculating a conversion matrix of force and strain by installing the to-be-measured component with the strain gauge attached thereto in a standard force measuring machine for calibration includes:
applying a target force in at least one direction to the part to be tested attached with the strain gauge through a standard force measuring machine;
measuring the strain amount of the strain gauge under the action of the target force in each direction;
calculating unit force strain of the part to be measured in each direction according to the target force in each direction and the corresponding strain amount;
determining a force to strain conversion matrix using the unit force strain for the at least one direction.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
a load spectrum is generated based on the load.
A load acquisition apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the determining module is used for determining the mounting position of a strain gauge of the part to be tested;
the first calculation module is used for calibrating by installing the part to be measured attached with the strain gauge in a standard force measuring machine, and calculating a conversion matrix of force and strain; the strain gauge is attached to the part to be tested according to the installation position of the strain gauge;
the measuring module is used for measuring a target strain quantity of the strain gauge when a target vehicle is in a running working condition; the part to be tested, which is pasted with the strain gauge, is arranged on a vehicle in advance;
and the second calculation module is used for calculating the load of the part to be measured according to the target strain and the conversion matrix.
Preferably, the determining module is specifically configured to:
and selecting the position of the part to be tested, wherein the strain sensitivity of the part to be tested meets the specified conditions, as the mounting position of the strain gauge.
Preferably, the first calculating module is specifically configured to:
applying a target force in at least one direction to the part to be tested attached with the strain gauge through a standard force measuring machine; measuring the strain amount of the strain gauge under the action of the target force in each direction; calculating unit force strain of the part to be measured in each direction according to the target force in each direction and the corresponding strain amount; determining a force to strain conversion matrix using the unit force strain for the at least one direction.
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises:
a generating module to generate a load spectrum based on the load.
According to the load collection method and device provided by the invention, the strain gauge can be attached to the part to be measured according to the determined mounting position of the strain gauge, the conversion matrix of the calculated force and the strain is calibrated through a standard force measuring machine, and finally the load of the part to be measured is calculated by combining the target strain of the strain gauge when a target vehicle runs. According to the invention, the load of the part can be acquired without damaging the part or modifying the part, so that distortion is avoided, and the accuracy and the economy are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method of a load collection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exemplary component under test;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a Cartesian orthogonal coordinate system;
fig. 4 is a partial flowchart of a method of load acquisition according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of another method of a load collection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a load collection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is another schematic structural diagram of a load collection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a load acquisition method, and the method has a flow chart as shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
and S10, determining the installation position of the strain gauge of the part to be tested.
In the process of performing step S10, the mounting position of the strain gauge on the part to be measured, that is, the strain gauge mounting position may be specified in advance by the user. In this embodiment, for the accurate collection spare part strain signal that awaits measuring, can also select the position that the sensitivity of meeting with the specified condition on the spare part that awaits measuring as foil gage mounted position through CAE analysis.
Specifically, as for the component to be tested shown in fig. 2, a middle point of a bolt of the component to be tested, that is, a position 1 is used as a load loading point, a unit force in at least one direction is applied to the load loading point, so as to obtain total strain at each position of the bracket of the component to be tested, and positions with relatively large strain, for example, positions 10, 11, 12, and 13 in fig. 2, are selected as the mounting positions of the strain gauges. In practical applications, a position where the strain exceeds a certain threshold may be selected, a certain number of positions where the strain is the largest may also be selected, and the like, which is not limited in this embodiment.
It should be noted that, at least one direction of the unit force applied by the load loading point when determining the installation position of the strain gauge and at least one direction of the unit force/target force applied by the component to be measured when calculating the conversion matrix of the force and the strain may be completely the same or different, or may be partially the same.
S20, the part to be measured with the strain gauge is arranged in a standard force measuring machine for calibration, and a conversion matrix of force and strain is calculated; and the strain gauge is attached to the part to be measured according to the mounting position of the strain gauge.
In the process of executing the step S20, n strain gauges are attached to the part to be measured according to the strain gauge mounting positions determined in the step S10, and the part to be measured to which the n strain gauges are attached is mounted in the standard dynamometer. The unit force in at least one direction is applied to the part to be measured through a standard force measuring machine, and the strain amount generated by the strain gauge under the action of the unit force in each direction is used as the unit force strain, namely the strain amount under the action of the unit force.
It should be noted that the at least one direction may be a direction of a cartesian orthogonal coordinate system. Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a cartesian orthogonal coordinate system comprising six directions, in particular three translational directions x, y and z and three rotational directions Rx, Ry and Rz. Therefore, in the present embodiment, at least one direction is any one of the above six directions.
Furthermore, it is understood that the cartesian coordinate system is only an example of directions, and other directions not listed are also within the scope of the present application.
The following description is given by way of example of three translation directions x, y and z, at least one of which is a cartesian orthogonal coordinate system:
the strain quantity generated by the strain gauge under the action of unit force in the x direction is assumed to be
Figure BDA0002215186830000051
The amount of strain generated by the unit force in the y direction is
Figure BDA0002215186830000052
The amount of strain generated by the unit force in the z direction is
Figure BDA0002215186830000053
The strain amount of the strain gauge under the action of the three-dimensional unit force is as follows:
Figure BDA0002215186830000054
wherein epsiloni1Represents the strain amount, epsilon, generated by the ith strain gage under the action of unit force in the x directioni2To representStrain amount, epsilon, generated by ith strain gauge under action of unit force in y directioni3The strain quantity of the ith strain gauge generated by the unit force in the z direction is shown.
Finally, determining the conversion matrix of the force and the strain as H ═ epsilonT·ε)-1·εT。
In the specific implementation process, because the unit force difficulty of the output standard is large, and the strain generated by the unit force is limited, which is easy to cause the large measurement error of the strain gauge, in order to improve the measurement accuracy, step S20, "the to-be-measured component attached with the strain gauge is installed in a standard force measuring machine to calibrate and calculate the conversion matrix of the force and the strain" may adopt the following steps, and part of the method flow chart is shown in fig. 4:
s201, applying at least one direction of target force to the part to be measured attached with the strain gauge through a standard force measuring machine.
In the process of executing step S201, n strain gauges are attached to the component to be measured according to the strain gauge mounting positions determined in step S10, the component to be measured to which the n strain gauges are attached is mounted in a standard force measuring machine, and a target force in at least one direction is applied to the component to be measured by the standard force measuring machine. Wherein the magnitude of the target force is a multiple of the unit.
Further, in the present embodiment, in order to improve the accuracy of the conversion matrix, the direction in which the target force is applied may be set as much as possible. Referring to the cartesian orthogonal coordinate system shown in fig. 3, at least one direction may be set to six directions of the cartesian orthogonal coordinate system — three translation directions x, y, and z and three rotation directions Rx, Ry, and Rz.
For ease of understanding, six directions of a cartesian orthogonal coordinate system are exemplified.
The target forces of three translation directions x, y and z and three rotation directions Rx, Ry and Rz are respectively Fx、Fy、Fz、FRx、FRyAnd FRz。
S202, measuring the strain amount of the strain gauge generated under the action of the target force in each direction.
For ease of understanding, the description continues with the example of six directions of a cartesian orthogonal coordinate system:
target force F in the x-directionxThe amount of strain correspondingly generated is
Figure BDA0002215186830000061
Target force F in the y-directionyThe amount of strain correspondingly generated is
Figure BDA0002215186830000062
Target force F in the z-directionzThe amount of strain correspondingly generated is
Figure BDA0002215186830000063
Target force F in Rx directionRxThe amount of strain correspondingly generated is
Figure BDA0002215186830000064
Target force F in Ry directionRyThe amount of strain correspondingly generated is
Figure BDA0002215186830000065
Target force F in Rz directionRzThe amount of strain correspondingly generated is
Figure BDA0002215186830000066
And S203, calculating unit force strain of the part to be measured in each direction according to the target force in each direction and the corresponding strain amount.
In the process of performing step S203, the ratio of the amount of strain in one direction to the target force in that direction may be taken as the unit force strain.
For ease of understanding, the description continues with the example of six directions of a cartesian orthogonal coordinate system:
target force F in x-directionxCorresponding unit force strain
Figure BDA0002215186830000067
y-direction target force FyCorresponding unit force strain
Figure BDA0002215186830000068
z-direction target force FzCorresponding unit force strain
Figure BDA0002215186830000069
Rx Direction target force FRxCorresponding unit force strain
Figure BDA00022151868300000610
Ry direction target force FRyCorresponding unit force strain
Figure BDA00022151868300000611
Rz-Direction target force FRzCorresponding unit force strain
Figure BDA00022151868300000612
And S204, determining a conversion matrix of the force and the strain by using the unit force strain in at least one direction.
For ease of understanding, the description continues with the example of six directions of a cartesian orthogonal coordinate system:
strain per unit force in six directions
Figure BDA0002215186830000071
The force to strain conversion matrix H ═ eT·ε)-1·εT。
S30, measuring the target strain quantity of the strain gauge when the target vehicle is in the running working condition; wherein, the part to be measured with the strain gauge attached is pre-installed on the vehicle.
In the process of executing the step S30, n strain gauges are mounted on the component to be tested according to the mounting positions of the strain gauges determined in the step S10, the component to be tested is further mounted on the vehicle, and the target strain quantities of the n strain gauges during the operation of the target vehicle are acquired
Figure BDA0002215186830000072
Wherein E isi1Indicating the target produced by the ith strain gaugeThe amount of strain.
And S40, calculating the load of the part to be measured according to the target strain and the conversion matrix.
In the process of executing step S40, the load of the component under test is F · E.
In other embodiments, in order to present the load to the user, on the basis of the load collection method shown in fig. 1, the following steps may be further included, where a method flowchart of the load collection method is shown in fig. 5:
and S50, generating a load spectrum based on the load.
In the process of step S50, the load collected at each time is recorded, and a load spectrum with time as the horizontal axis and load as the vertical axis is generated and displayed on the user terminal.
According to the load collection method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the strain gauge can be attached to the part to be measured according to the determined mounting position of the strain gauge, the conversion matrix of the calculated force and the strain is calibrated through a standard force measuring machine, and finally the load of the part to be measured is calculated by combining the target strain of the strain gauge when a target vehicle runs. According to the invention, the load of the part can be acquired without damaging the part or modifying the part, so that distortion is avoided, and the accuracy and the economy are improved.
Based on the load collection method provided by the above embodiment, an embodiment of the present invention correspondingly provides a device for executing the load collection method, where a schematic structural diagram of the device is shown in fig. 6, and the device includes:
the determining module 10 is used for determining the mounting position of a strain gauge of the component to be tested;
the first calculation module 20 is used for calibrating by installing the part to be measured attached with the strain gauge in a standard force measuring machine, and calculating a conversion matrix of force and strain; the strain gauge is attached to the part to be tested according to the mounting position of the strain gauge;
the measuring module 30 is used for measuring the target strain quantity of the strain gauge when the target vehicle is in the running working condition; wherein, the part to be tested which is pasted with the strain gauge is arranged on the vehicle in advance;
and the second calculation module 40 is used for calculating the load of the part to be measured according to the target strain and the conversion matrix.
Optionally, the determining module 10 is specifically configured to:
and selecting the position of the part to be tested, wherein the strain sensitivity of the part to be tested meets the specified conditions, as the mounting position of the strain gauge.
Optionally, the first calculating module 20 is specifically configured to:
applying target force in at least one direction to the part to be tested attached with the strain gauge through a standard force measuring machine; measuring the strain amount of the strain gauge generated under the action of target force in each direction; calculating unit force strain of the part to be measured in each direction according to the target force in each direction and the corresponding strain amount; the force to strain conversion matrix is determined using the unit force strain in at least one direction.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 7, the apparatus further includes:
a generating module 50 for generating a load spectrum based on the load.
The load acquisition device provided by the invention can attach the strain gauge to the part to be measured according to the determined mounting position of the strain gauge, calibrate the conversion matrix of the calculated force and the strain through the standard force measuring machine, and finally calculate the load of the part to be measured by combining the target strain of the strain gauge when the target vehicle runs. According to the invention, the load of the part can be acquired without damaging the part or modifying the part, so that distortion is avoided, and the accuracy and the economy are improved.
The load collection method and device provided by the invention are described in detail, a specific example is applied in the text to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the invention, and the description of the above embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
It should be noted that, in the present specification, the embodiments are all described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
It is further noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include or include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (8)

1. A method of load acquisition, the method comprising:
determining the mounting position of a strain gauge of a part to be tested;
the part to be measured with the strain gauge attached is arranged in a standard force measuring machine for calibration, and a conversion matrix of force and strain is calculated; the strain gauge is attached to the part to be tested according to the installation position of the strain gauge;
measuring a target strain quantity of the strain gauge when a target vehicle is in a running working condition; the part to be tested, which is pasted with the strain gauge, is arranged on a vehicle in advance;
and calculating the load of the part to be measured according to the target strain and the conversion matrix.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the mounting position of the strain gauge of the component to be tested comprises:
and selecting the position of the part to be tested, wherein the strain sensitivity of the part to be tested meets the specified conditions, as the mounting position of the strain gauge.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calculating of the force-strain conversion matrix by installing the to-be-tested part with the strain gauge attached thereto in a standard dynamometer for calibration comprises:
applying a target force in at least one direction to the part to be tested attached with the strain gauge through a standard force measuring machine;
measuring the strain amount of the strain gauge under the action of the target force in each direction;
calculating unit force strain of the part to be measured in each direction according to the target force in each direction and the corresponding strain amount;
determining a force to strain conversion matrix using the unit force strain for the at least one direction.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
a load spectrum is generated based on the load.
5. A load acquisition device, the device comprising:
the determining module is used for determining the mounting position of a strain gauge of the part to be tested;
the first calculation module is used for calibrating by installing the part to be measured attached with the strain gauge in a standard force measuring machine, and calculating a conversion matrix of force and strain; the strain gauge is attached to the part to be tested according to the installation position of the strain gauge;
the measuring module is used for measuring a target strain quantity of the strain gauge when a target vehicle is in a running working condition; the part to be tested, which is pasted with the strain gauge, is arranged on a vehicle in advance;
and the second calculation module is used for calculating the load of the part to be measured according to the target strain and the conversion matrix.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the determining module is specifically configured to:
and selecting the position of the part to be tested, wherein the strain sensitivity of the part to be tested meets the specified conditions, as the mounting position of the strain gauge.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first computing module is specifically configured to:
applying a target force in at least one direction to the part to be tested attached with the strain gauge through a standard force measuring machine; measuring the strain amount of the strain gauge under the action of the target force in each direction; calculating unit force strain of the part to be measured in each direction according to the target force in each direction and the corresponding strain amount; determining a force to strain conversion matrix using the unit force strain for the at least one direction.
8. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising:
a generating module to generate a load spectrum based on the load.
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CN108645562A (en) * 2018-05-09 2018-10-12 西北工业大学 The three axis Hopkinson bar synchronous dynamic caliberating devices and method of three-dimensional impact force snesor
CN109992822A (en) * 2019-02-11 2019-07-09 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 A method of gearshift fork gear shifting force stated accuracy is improved using CAE technology
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CN116067553A (en) * 2022-12-16 2023-05-05 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 Load measurement method for section steel of nuclear power plant
CN116067553B (en) * 2022-12-16 2024-05-10 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 Load measurement method for section steel of nuclear power plant

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