CN112594873B - Building central air conditioner demand response control method and system - Google Patents
Building central air conditioner demand response control method and system Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
- F24F11/54—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication using one central controller connected to several sub-controllers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
- F24F11/61—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication using timers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
- F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
- F24F2110/12—Temperature of the outside air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
- F24F2140/20—Heat-exchange fluid temperature
Abstract
The utility model provides a building central air-conditioning demand response control method and system, which comprises the steps of obtaining basic data and environmental data of a building where a central air-conditioning is located, receiving demand response instructions of a power grid, and obtaining demand response time; obtaining a plurality of pre-refrigeration strategies and a plurality of refrigeration unit shutdown strategies according to the obtained data, the user temperature comfort interval and the temperature adjustable interval in the user acceptable demand response time; removing the pre-cooling strategy with the pre-cooling utility period being less than the response time length of the power grid instruction, and solving the remaining strategy with the objective of minimum comfort loss or maximum profit to obtain a final demand response control strategy; the method and the device achieve the purpose of lowest load of the refrigerating unit, finally obtain the regulation and control parameters of the strategy and the income and comfort loss brought to the user, can screen out the finally executed demand response strategy for the user from two angles of comfort priority or income priority, and are wide in application range.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of power demand response, in particular to a demand response control method and system for a building central air conditioner.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
According to survey, the building energy consumption accounts for 40% of the current global energy consumption, and the building energy consumption ratio is expected to reach 50% by 2050. The growth in this period is comparable to the total energy consumption of russia and india today. With the continuous increase of the load of the power system, demand response is gradually paid attention to by people, and buildings with large power consumption requirements also become important demand response resources. People have stronger dependence on air conditioners, the electricity load breaks through new and high in summer year by year, the air conditioner load accounts for 30% -40% of the peak load, and the air conditioner load can be adjusted through a reasonable adjusting and controlling means. Compared with a split air conditioner, the central air conditioning system has the characteristics of larger capacity, stronger controllability and the like, and has higher demand response potential and mining significance.
The load controllability of the central air-conditioning system is determined by the system characteristics of the central air-conditioning system, and theoretically, the control mode of the central air-conditioning system is mainly divided into rigid regulation and flexible regulation. At present, rigid regulation and control mainly adopt a mode of closing a central air conditioner during a demand response period, and flexible regulation and control mainly adopt modes of changing the temperature of outlet water of a refrigerating unit, increasing the set temperature of the tail end of the central air conditioner, pre-refrigerating and the like. On the basis, the regulation and control strategy of the building central air conditioner is fully considered in the scene of demand response.
The inventors have found that, while the operating state of the air conditioner is changed to achieve load reduction during the execution of the demand response, this inevitably has a certain effect on the building users, the conventional load adjustment methods often do not take into account the profit or comfort on the user side, and the simple load reduction inevitably leads to high customer dissatisfaction.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the method and the system for controlling the demand response of the building central air conditioner solve the demand response strategy parameters through a double-layer model, achieve the aim of lowest load of a refrigerating unit, finally obtain the regulation and control parameters of the strategy and the income and comfort loss brought by a user, can screen out the demand response strategy finally executed for the user from two angles of comfort priority or income priority, and have wide application range.
In order to achieve the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted in the disclosure:
the first aspect of the disclosure provides a demand response control method for a building central air conditioner.
A demand response control method for a building central air conditioner comprises the following steps:
acquiring basic data and environmental data of a building where a central air conditioner is located, receiving a demand response instruction of a power grid, and acquiring demand response time;
Obtaining a plurality of pre-cooling strategies and a plurality of partial shutdown refrigerating unit strategies according to the obtained data, the user temperature comfort interval and the temperature adjustable interval in the user acceptable demand response time;
and removing the pre-cooling strategy with the pre-cooling utility period being less than the response time length of the power grid instruction, and solving the residual strategy with the objective of minimum comfort loss or maximum profit to obtain the final demand response control strategy.
As some possible implementations, a two-layer control is included:
the first layer of control calculates a demand response regulation strategy to obtain a plurality of pre-refrigeration strategies and a strategy for shutting down part of the refrigerating unit;
and the second layer of control carries out energy efficiency improvement control on the refrigerating unit to obtain the load rate, the chilled water outlet water temperature, the cooling water return water temperature and the power of the refrigerating unit in each strategy.
As some possible implementation manners, all temperatures between the minimum value of the temperature adjustable interval and the minimum value of the temperature comfort interval are respectively used as precooling temperatures, and correspond to the indoor highest temperature between the maximum value of the temperature adjustable interval and the maximum value of the temperature comfort interval, so that a plurality of pre-cooling strategies are formed.
As some possible implementation manners, various pre-cooling strategies are respectively substituted into a preset pre-cooling model to obtain pre-cooling period time, pre-cooling utility period time, indoor temperature change and building cooling load variation.
As a further limitation, according to a preset shutdown part of the refrigerating unit models, the indoor temperature change under the strategy of shutting down a certain number of refrigerating units and the total refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating units which are in residual work are obtained.
As a further limitation, the load factor, the chilled water outlet temperature, the cooling water return temperature and the power of the refrigerating unit in each strategy are obtained by using the building cold load variation and the total refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating unit which is in residual work as the total refrigerating capacity of each running refrigerating unit and using a preset model.
As a further limitation, acquiring the corresponding outdoor temperature within the response time, calculating the corresponding baseline load, and further acquiring the response load according to the acquired power of the refrigerating unit of each strategy;
according to the obtained response load, the actual income is combined to obtain the income of each response strategy;
and obtaining comfort loss of each strategy according to the obtained indoor temperature change.
A second aspect of the present disclosure provides a demand response control system for a building central air conditioner, comprising:
a data acquisition module configured to: acquiring basic data and environmental data of a building where a central air conditioner is located, receiving a demand response instruction of a power grid, and acquiring demand response time;
a control policy acquisition module configured to: obtaining a plurality of pre-refrigeration strategies and a plurality of refrigeration unit shutdown strategies according to the obtained data, the user temperature comfort interval and the temperature adjustable interval in the user acceptable demand response time;
a control policy screening module configured to: and removing the pre-cooling strategy of which the pre-cooling utility period is shorter than the response time length of the power grid instruction, and solving the residual strategy with the minimum comfort loss or maximum profit to obtain the final demand response control strategy.
A third aspect of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the building central air conditioning demand response control method as set forth in the first aspect of the present disclosure.
A fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the method for controlling demand response of central air conditioner in building according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.
Compared with the prior art, this disclosed beneficial effect is:
1. according to the method, the system, the medium or the electronic equipment, the pre-refrigeration strategy and the strategy of shutting down part of the refrigerating unit are considered, the double-layer model is adopted to solve the demand response strategy parameters, the aim of lowest load of the refrigerating unit is achieved, the regulation and control parameters of the strategy and the income and comfort degree loss brought by a user are finally obtained, the finally executed demand response strategy can be screened out for the user from the perspective of comfort degree priority or income priority, and the application range is wide.
2. According to the method, the system, the medium or the electronic equipment, after the required cooling load is calculated according to the pre-cooling strategy and the strategy of shutting down part of the refrigerating unit, the energy efficiency of the running refrigerating unit is improved so as to realize the lowest load of the refrigerating unit under the same refrigerating capacity, and better load adjustment can be realized.
Advantages of additional aspects of the disclosure will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the disclosure.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and are not to be construed as limiting the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a building central air conditioner demand response control method provided in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The present disclosure is further described with reference to the following drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present disclosure may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, embodiment 1 of the present disclosure provides a demand response control method for a building central air conditioner, which solves demand response strategy parameters through a double-layer model, achieves the purpose of minimum load of a refrigerating unit, and finally obtains regulation and control parameters of a strategy and a benefit and comfort loss brought to a user.
The first layer mainly considers the pre-cooling and shutdown part of refrigerating unit strategies, and the pre-cooling period time t of each pre-cooling strategy is obtained through model solving in S3.1prePrecooling temperature TprePre-cooling utility period time toffIndoor maximum temperature ToffIndoor temperature change Tin(t) building Cold load Qch(t); the number n of the possibly operated refrigerating unit, the number omega of the closable refrigerating unit, the number S of the refrigerating unit which is left to work and the indoor temperature change T of each shutdown part refrigerating unit strategy are obtained through model solution in S3.2in(t) Total refrigeration Capacity Q of residual operation refrigeration Unitp(t)。
The second layer is used for reasonably distributing the cooling load of each strategy on the basis of the first layer, maximizing the energy efficiency of the refrigerating unit through a 3.3 model, further realizing the maximization of the response load and obtaining the load rate eta of each strategy refrigerating unitThe temperature T of the outlet water of the chilled waterchwCooling water return temperature Tcw. Further, the formula described in this embodiment S2 can be used to calculate the response load P of each policyreAnd obtaining the profit SeComfort loss C2。
And finally, screening a finally executed demand response strategy for the user from the perspective of comfort priority or benefit priority through the decision process in S3.4.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s1: basic calculation model
S1.1: building cold load model
According to the law of conservation of energy, the following is shown in detail:
to maintain a constant temperature in the building, the instantaneous heat gain Q of the buildingciHeat storage capacity Q of enclosure structurexThe sum of the two quantities is equal to the refrigerating capacity Q of the central air conditionerchWherein the instantaneous heat gain Q of the buildingciHourly cooling load Q formed by transient heat transfer of exterior wall and roofwqTime-by-time cooling load Q formed by transient heat transfer of outer windowwcTime-by-time cooling load Q formed by solar radiant heat transmitted through a glass windowfsTime-by-time cooling load Q formed by heat dissipation of indoor electric equipmenteThe time-by-time cooling load Q formed by the heat dissipation of the indoor lighting equipmentlIndoor human body heat dissipation formed time-by-time cooling load QpAnd fresh air load QnwThe calculation formula is respectively as follows:
Qch＝Qcl+Qx
Qci＝Qwq+Qwc+Qfs+Qe+Ql+Qp+Qnw
Qwq＝∑{KiFi(Tout-Tin)}
Qwc＝∑[KcFc(Tout-Tin)]
Qfs＝∑(qfFcCsCnCcl)
Qe＝1000n1n2n3Ne
Ql＝1000n4n5n6n7Nl
Qnw≈1.01fTout-1.01fTin+38.5f
Qx＝HiSindTin
in the formula: fiArea of outer wall or roof, m2；KiIs the heat transfer coefficient of the outer wall or the roof, W/(m)2·K)；TinIndoor design temperature, deg.C; fcArea of the outer window, m2；KcIs the heat transfer coefficient of the outer window, W/(m)2·K)；ToutIs the outdoor air temperature, deg.C; q. q.sfThe maximum solar heat gain of the outer window is W/m2；CsThe correction coefficient is an outer window glass type correction coefficient and is dimensionless; cnThe sun-shading coefficient of the inner sun-shading of the outer window is dimensionless; cclThe coefficient of the cold load of the outer window glass is dimensionless; n is 1The installation coefficient of the electric heating equipment is dimensionless; n is a radical of an alkyl radical2The load coefficient of the electric heating equipment is dimensionless; n is3The simultaneous utilization rate of the electric heating equipment is dimensionless; n is a radical ofeThe installation power of the electric heating equipment is kW; n is4The simultaneous utilization rate of the lighting equipment is dimensionless; n is5The heat storage coefficient of the lighting equipment is dimensionless; n is6The coefficient of the power consumption of the rectifier is dimensionless; n is7The installation coefficient of the lighting equipment is dimensionless; n is a radical oflThe installation power of the lighting equipment is kW; crThe coefficient of the sensible heat and the heat dissipation cold load of the human body is dimensionless; n is the total number of people in the public building and is dimensionless; q. q.snIs the sensible heat dissipation per adult man, W;
is a clustering coefficient, and has no dimension; q. q.sqFor each adult maleLatent heat dissipation of the seed, W; f is fresh air volume, g/s; hiIs the heat storage coefficient of the inner wall surface, W/(m)2·K)；SinIs the inner wall area, m2。
S1.2: room temperature change model
In the refrigeration period of a building, the central air-conditioning refrigerating unit continuously supplies cold to reduce the room temperature continuously; during the shutdown period, the central air-conditioning refrigerating unit stops working, and the room temperature continuously rises due to the heat release effect of the heat sources inside and outside the building and the heat storage effect of the inner wall of the building. Thus, there is a relationship between the off-time and the indoor air heat balance of the building during the cooling period:
cVρdTin＝Qcidt-Qx
cVρdTin＝Qcidt-Qx-qrdt
In the formula: c is air constant pressure specific heat, and 0.28J/kg DEG C is taken; v is the refrigerating space volume of the public building and the unit m3(ii) a Rho is air density, and 1.29kg/m is taken3；qrThe cold quantity is transmitted from the tail end of the air conditioner, W.
The thermodynamic equation of the building central air conditioner in the shutdown period and the refrigeration period is obtained as follows:
wherein:
discretizing the time t and assuming that the cold quantity transmitted by the tail end of the central air-conditioning system in the refrigeration period is qrAnd (t), a time-varying equation of the building room temperature in the downtime period and the refrigeration period can be obtained.
The room temperature time-varying equation of the refrigeration period is as follows:
the room temperature time-varying equation during the shutdown period:
Tin(t+1)＝C·Tin(t)+(1-ε)·D(t+1)
in the formula:
s1.3: energy consumption model of refrigerating unit
In a central air-conditioning cold source system, the energy consumption of a refrigerating unit accounts for the largest ratio and runs under partial load for a long time, in the actual running process of the refrigerating unit, the influence of the cold load of the unit, the chilled water supply temperature and the cooling water inlet temperature on the running energy efficiency of the refrigerating unit is as follows:
COP＝a1+a2η+a3Tchw+a4Tcw+a5ηTchw+a6ηTcw+a7TchwTcw
in the formula: COP is the operation energy efficiency of the refrigerating unit, and eta is the unit load rate, kW; qchActual refrigerating capacity of the unit is kW; q is rated refrigerating capacity of the unit, kWs; t ischwSupplying water to the chilled water at a temperature of DEG C; t iscwThe return water temperature of cooling water is DEG C; a is1-a7Are model coefficients.
The energy consumption of the refrigerating unit is calculated as follows:
in the formula, PchillerEnergy consumption of the refrigerating unit is kW.
S2: demand response policy evaluation
S2.1: baseline load calculation
The baseline load is a prediction of the load that the user is not participating in the demand response during the response time. The calculation of the current baseline load adopts an average value method, the average value method takes the average value of the load in the corresponding response time of N days before the execution of the demand response as the baseline load, and the calculation of the baseline load is as follows:
in the formula: pbBase line load, kW; pb，ijThe load of the jth control cycle in the corresponding response time of the ith day before the day is executed for the demand response, kW, and the response time period is thmin, the regulation and control period is hmin,
indicating rounding up.
S2.2: responsive load calculation
In the formula: prekW for response load; pavi，iActual load of the ith regulation and control period, kW; pcbl，iBaseline load for the ith conditioning cycle, kW. Assume response duration thmin, the regulation and control period is hmin,
indicating rounding up.
S2.3: revenue calculation
The user performs a demand response that results in a load reduction and a corresponding compensation can be obtained in accordance with a contract with the grid. The profit calculation formula is as follows:
Se＝Pre·u
in the formula: seEarnings obtained for executing the current demand response; p rekW is the present response load; u is the gain per 1kW load cut, yuan/kW.
S2.4: user comfort loss evaluation
During the execution of the demand response, since the change of the air conditioner operation state always causes the change of the indoor temperature, the indoor temperature is also changed from the original comfortable temperature range [ T [ ]min，Tmax]Become [ T'min，T′max]Of which is T'minIs the lowest indoor temperature value, T'min≤Tmin；T′maxIs the maximum indoor temperature value, T'max≥Tmax. The discomfort of the user is that the indoor temperature is higher than T within the execution demand response timemaxOr room temperature is lower than T'minThe resulting comfort loss for the user is calculated as follows:
in the formula: c2Indicating a level of discomfort to the user; alpha is alphaiThe discomfort degree of the indoor temperature in the ith regulation and control period is hmin,
represents rounding up; as follows:
in the formula, TinIs the current indoor temperature; t isminAnd TmaxAre respectively usersLower and upper limit of comfort temperature, T'minAnd T'maxRespectively, the lower limit and the upper limit of the indoor temperature, when the indoor temperature T isinWhen the user is in the comfort zone, the discomfort degree alpha of the user is 0.
S3: central air conditioner demand response regulation and control strategy
The flexible regulation and control strategy of the central air conditioner can realize the reduction or transfer of the load on the basis of not influencing the comfort degree of a user so as to meet the requirement of reducing the load in the demand response time. The central air conditioner flexible regulation and control strategy mainly involved in the embodiment mainly comprises pre-refrigeration, partial shutdown of the refrigeration units, and energy efficiency improvement on the running refrigeration units after the required refrigeration load is calculated according to the two strategies so as to realize the lowest refrigeration unit load under the same refrigeration capacity.
S3.1: pre-refrigeration
In the context of demand response, pre-cooling is also an effective implementation, and is mainly divided into a pre-cooling period and a pre-cooling utility period. The pre-cooling period is a period of time before the demand response start time, during which the indoor temperature is lowered to a room temperature level that may be lower than usual by the user, and the refrigerator increases the cooling output so that the indoor temperature is lowered and stops operating when the indoor temperature reaches a certain lower temperature. The precooling utility period means that after the precooling period is finished, even if the indoor conveying chamber without cold quantity can be maintained within a certain temperature range in a certain time under the action of building heat storage, the refrigerating machine stops working in the period until the indoor temperature slowly rises to the ordinary higher room temperature level of a user, and the refrigerating machine is started again.
Assuming a precooling period of tpreWith a precooling period of effectiveness toffThe user's usual indoor temperature setting range is [ T ]min，Tmax]. In the precooling period, the indoor temperature is lower than T for multi-refrigerationminThe temperature is pre-cooling temperature Tpre(ii) a In order to prolong the response time as much as possible, the indoor temperature at the end of the precooling utility period can be allowed to be higher than TmaxThe temperature is the highest indoor temperature Toff. Suppose that the temperature adjustable range within the user-acceptable demand response time is [ T' min，T′max]Conversion of problem to attainment of minimum temperature T 'during precooling'minAnd reaches the highest temperature T 'at the end of the precooling utility period'maxAccording to the aforementioned room temperature change model pair tpreAnd toffAnd solving, wherein the corresponding solving model is as follows:
T′min≤Tin(t)≤T′max
Tin(t+1)＝C·Tin(t)+(1-ε)·D(t+1)，t∈toff
Qch(t)＝∑qr(t)
the pre-cooling is realized by preparing the cold energy of the pre-cooling utility period in advance in the pre-cooling period, which leads to the increase of the power consumption of the pre-cooling period. Although there is some benefit to the user in performing demand-side responses, the increased energy consumption of the pre-cool period also results in some additional investment. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate the load condition and the electricity rate condition of the pre-cooling period into the evaluation factors for the pre-cooling strategy. This requires calculating the electricity fee that is consumed more during the pre-cooling period, i.e. the extra pre-cooling electricity fee, and the benefit actually obtained by the user is the difference between the compensation obtained by performing the demand-side response and the extra pre-cooling electricity fee, as shown below:
extra pre-cooling electric charge:
in the formula: prekW for response load; p'av，iActual load of the ith regulation and control period in the pre-cooling period is kW; p'cbl，iIs the base line load of the ith regulation and control period in the pre-cooling period, kW; e.g. of the typecIs the electricity charge in the pre-cooling period, yuan/kWh. Precooling period of tpremin, the corresponding regulation and control period is hmin, 
Indicating rounding up.
Actual profit:
S′e＝Se-Sc
in the formula: s'eThe actual income of the user under the pre-cooling strategy is obtained; s. theeThe compensation obtained by the user for pre-cooling the utility period.
Taking a certain building as an example, assuming that the daily comfortable temperature interval of a user in the building is [24 ℃, 26 ℃), and the temperature adjustable range within the user acceptable demand response time is [22 ℃, 29 ℃), the feasible pre-cooling strategy and the corresponding comfort loss of the building are as follows:
s3.2: shutting down part of a refrigeration unit
Most public buildings are equipped with multiple refrigeration units, and the number of refrigeration units operated during response time can be reduced appropriately for load reduction purposes. Firstly, the required cooling load in the response time is estimated according to a building load model, and then the number of the possibly operated refrigerating unit is calculated to be n, the number of the refrigerating unit which can be closed is 1, 2 … n-1, as follows:
in the formula: n is the original operation number of the refrigerating unit predicted in the response time; qchThe cooling load of the central air conditioner in the response time is kW; qnRated refrigerating capacity, kW, of a single refrigerating unit;
indicating rounding up.
The refrigerating capacity of the remaining running refrigerating units is as follows:
Qch(t)＝Qp(t)
In the formula: qpThe total refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating unit is remained to be operated, kW; s is the number of remaining operating refrigeration units, and s is n- ω. According to the existing control logic of the refrigerating units, the cooling load is equally shared when a plurality of refrigerating units are operated, i.e.
The actual refrigerating capacity of each running refrigerating unit is kW.
Since the reduction of the number of the refrigerating units inevitably leads to the reduction of the refrigerating capacity, the reduction of the refrigerating capacity leads to the reduction of the indoor temperature TmHigher than Tmax. According to the shutdown quantity of different refrigerating units, the indoor temperature when the strategy of shutting down part of the refrigerating units is executed can be solved through the room temperature change model, and the user comfort loss of the executed strategy is further calculated.
Taking a certain building as an example, assuming that the daily comfortable temperature interval of a user in the building is [24 ℃, 26 ℃), and the original operation number of the refrigerating units is predicted to be 3 in response time, the feasible pre-cooling strategy and the corresponding comfort loss of the building are as follows:
| serial number | Number of shutdowns/[ omega ]) | Maximum indoor temperature/Tm | Loss of |
| 1 | 1 table | 27℃ | 0.52 |
| 2 | 2 table | 29℃ | 0.82 |
S3.3: energy efficiency enhancement for refrigeration unit
The total energy consumption of a plurality of refrigerating units of the central air conditioner is closely related to the load distribution scheme among the devices under partial load, so that the performance difference of each unit needs to be considered, and a feasible energy-saving scheme needs to be found. The COP optimization method is to maximize the COP value of a refrigerating unit group by changing the outlet water temperature of chilled water and the load rate distribution that the outlet water temperature of the chilled water is the same when a plurality of refrigerating units run in parallel under the condition of certain cold load, thereby improving the system performance, achieving the optimal energy efficiency and consuming the least electric energy under the condition of determined refrigerating capacity. And determining the required refrigerating capacity according to the regulation and control strategy, and solving the optimization target by combining the following constraint conditions to further obtain the optimal load distribution scheme and the chilled water outlet temperature.
Optimizing the target:
optimizing and constraining:
and (3) refrigerating capacity constraint:
and (3) outlet water temperature constraint of chilled water:
Tchw，min≤Tchw≤Tchw，max
Tchw，1＝Tchw，2＝…＝Tchw，i
cooling water return temperature restraint:
Tcw，min≤Tcw≤Tcw，max
Tcw，1＝Tcw，2＝…＝Tcw，i
and (3) restricting the load rate of the refrigerating unit:
ηi，min≤ηi≤1
in the formula: COPi(t) the optimized energy efficiency value of the ith running refrigerating unit; t ischw，iThe outlet water temperature of the chilled water of the ith running refrigerating unit is DEG C; t ischw，minThe lowest outlet water temperature allowed by the refrigerator is DEG C; t ischw，maxThe highest water outlet temperature allowed by the refrigerator is DEG C; t iscw，iThe return water temperature of cooling water of the ith running refrigerating unit is DEG C; t iscw，minThe lowest cooling water return temperature allowed by the refrigerator is DEG C; t iscw，maxThe highest cooling water return temperature allowed by the refrigerator is DEG C; etai，minThe lowest load rate for operation of the refrigerator; s is the number of the running refrigerating units; qon，iAnd (t) is the refrigerating capacity of the ith running refrigerating unit, kW.
The refrigeration unit load at this time is as follows:
in the formula: pchiller，i(t) is the load, kW, of the ith running refrigeration unit.
And calculating the cold load aiming at the strategies of the refrigeration unit of the pre-refrigeration and shutdown parts, neglecting the loss in the cold transmission process, assuming that the cold load is equal to the refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating machine, and introducing the refrigerating capacity corresponding to each strategy of the refrigeration unit of the pre-refrigeration and shutdown parts into an energy efficiency improvement model for calculation and solution. The load rate of the refrigerating unit, the outlet water temperature of the chilled water, the return water temperature of the cooling water and the load of the refrigerating unit can be obtained, and the response load of each strategy can be further evaluated and the benefit can be obtained. Taking a certain building as an example, the demand response subsidy is 30 yuan/kW, and the details are as follows:
S3.4: decision of response strategy
According to the relevant calculation results of the strategies, 6 strategies for pre-cooling and 2 strategies for shutting down part of the refrigerating unit are provided, and the total number of the strategies is 8. A selection needs to be made among these 8 policies to select the policy that will ultimately be implemented in the demand response. The decision of the response strategy needs to be screened by two layers, wherein the first layer is time screening, namely, the response time length (set as t) according to the power grid commandDR) Screening out the strategy meeting the requirements, namely selecting t in the pre-refrigerationoff≥tDRAnd all strategies for shutting down a portion of the refrigeration unit (since all strategies for shutting down a portion of the refrigeration unit may operate for a long period of time, at the expense of an overall increase in room temperature). And (4) carrying out final strategy decision on the strategy obtained by the first-layer strategy screening through the second-layer screening.
The second layer of decision is mainly from two aspects, namely comfort priority and benefit priority. The comfort degree is firstly obtained after each strategy is calculated, and the strategy with the minimum comfort degree loss is selected as the finally executed demand response strategy; the profit is obtained after the calculation of each strategy is completed, and the strategy with the maximum profit is selected as the finally executed demand response strategy.
Suppose t of a grid orderDRAnd the requirement is 40min, the strategies selected after the first-layer screening comprise pre-refrigeration strategies 3, 5 and 6 and strategies 1 and 2 for shutting down part of the refrigeration units. And then screening a second-layer strategy, wherein the finally selected strategy is a 1 strategy for shutting down part of the refrigerating units according to the principle that the comfort degree is prior, namely a 2# system with the load rate of the 1# refrigerating unit being 92 percentThe load factor of the cooling unit is 87 percent, the water supply temperature of the chilled water is 8.5 ℃, and the return temperature of the cooling water is 28.3 ℃; the strategy finally selected according to the principle of preferential profit is a 5-strategy of pre-refrigeration, namely pre-cooling is started 32min before the response starting time, the load rate of a 1# refrigerating unit in the pre-cooling period is 80%, the load rate of a 2# refrigerating unit is 85%, the load rate of a 3# refrigerating unit is 86%, the chilled water outlet temperature is 9 ℃, the cooling water return temperature is 28.5 ℃, and the refrigerating unit is shut down when the response starting time comes.
S4: integral realization thought
According to the response instruction of the demand side of the power grid, after receiving the response time instruction of the power grid, a user firstly arranges whether interference events such as equipment maintenance or important meetings need to be carried out in the response time according to daily work of a building, and reports that the demand side response cannot be executed to the power grid when the interference events specified by the two parties are met according to contract agreement with the power grid in advance. If no interference event conflict exists, the following steps are continued, the response load of the user is estimated, and the payment accepting load is reported to the power grid side. The method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining outdoor temperature in response time, bringing the outdoor temperature into a building load model and a room temperature change model, simultaneously carrying out first-layer response strategy calculation of 3.1 and 3.2, and further carrying out a calculation process of energy efficiency improvement of a second-layer refrigerating unit. On the basis of obtaining the indoor temperature, the load of the refrigerating unit and the baseline load through calculation, the response load of demand response strategy evaluation and the comfort loss of a user are calculated, the user can select a proper operation strategy according to the profit priority or the comfort priority, the response load information corresponding to the strategy to be executed is reported to the power grid, and the response can be executed according to the pre-selected response strategy at the response starting moment. The overall summary is as follows:
S4.1: and receiving a demand response instruction of the power grid, and acquiring response time.
S4.2: and (3) checking whether an interference event conflicting with the response time exists according to the schedule of the building, if so, reporting that the interference event exists in the power grid and the demand response cannot be executed, and if not, turning to the step 3.
S4.3: the corresponding outdoor temperature during the response time is obtained and the corresponding baseline load is calculated as shown in this example S2.1.
S4.4: first layer (calculation demand response regulation strategy)
S4.4.1: pre-cooling strategy: obtaining Tmin、Tmax、T′min、T′maxPrepared from [ T'min，Tmin]All temperatures in the interval are respectively used as precooling temperatures TpreAre each independently of [ Tmax，T′max]Indoor maximum temperature T in intervaloffCorrespondingly, various pre-refrigeration strategies are formed. Each pre-refrigeration strategy is respectively brought into the pre-refrigeration model in S3.1, and the pre-refrigeration period t can be obtainedpreAnd a pre-cooling utility period time toffAnd obtaining the indoor temperature change Tin(t) and building Cold load Change Qch(t)。
S4.4.2: shutdown of a portion of the refrigeration unit strategy: the number n of the possibly operated refrigerating unit is calculated by the model with S3.2, and the indoor temperature change T of the strategy of shutting down the refrigerating unit with the number omega of 1 and 2 … n-1 is calculated by combining the model in 1.2in(t) and a total cooling capacity Q corresponding to the number s of remaining operating refrigerating units equal to n- ω p(t)。
S4.5: second layer (refrigeration unit efficiency promotion)
Calculating the various strategies in S4.4 to obtain the building cold load Qch(t) and Cooling capacity Qp(t) total cooling capacity of each running refrigerating unit
And (4) carrying out calculation by the model in the S3.3 to obtain the load rate, the chilled water outlet water temperature and the cooling water return water temperature of the running refrigerating unit in each strategy and the power of the refrigerating unit.
S4.6: demand response policy evaluation
S4.6.1: response load: and substituting the refrigerating unit power of each strategy obtained in the S4.5 and the baseline load obtained in the S4.2 into the model of the S2.2 to obtain the response load.
S4.6.2: and (3) revenue calculation: after the response load is obtained at S4.6.1, the model at S2.3 can be substituted to solve the gains of the response strategies, noting that the pre-cooling strategy needs to be combined with the actual gain calculation at S3.1.
S4.6.3 loss of comfort: changing the indoor temperature T of each strategy in S4.4inAnd (t) carrying out comfort loss solving by the model of S2.4 to obtain the comfort loss of each strategy.
S4.7: decision making for demand response policy
After each response strategy is evaluated, a decision is made according to S3.4 to obtain a certain demand response strategy which is finally determined to be executed.
S4.8: response reporting and execution
And reporting the response load of the determined executed demand response strategy to the power grid, and forming a response instruction to be executed immediately when the response moment arrives.
Example 2:
the embodiment 2 of the present disclosure provides a building central air conditioning demand response control system, including:
a data acquisition module configured to: acquiring basic data and environmental data of a building where a central air conditioner is located, receiving a demand response instruction of a power grid, and acquiring demand response time;
a control policy acquisition module configured to: obtaining a plurality of pre-refrigeration strategies and a plurality of refrigeration unit shutdown strategies according to the obtained data, the user temperature comfort interval and the temperature adjustable interval in the user acceptable demand response time;
a control policy screening module configured to: and removing the pre-cooling strategy of which the pre-cooling utility period is shorter than the response time length of the power grid instruction, and solving the residual strategy with the minimum comfort loss or maximum profit to obtain the final demand response control strategy.
The working method of the system is the same as the demand response control method of the building central air conditioner provided by the embodiment 1, and the detailed description is omitted here.
Example 3:
The embodiment 3 of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a program is stored, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the building central air-conditioning demand response control method according to the embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
Example 4:
the embodiment 4 of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, and when the processor executes the program, the steps in the building central air conditioner demand response control method according to the embodiment 1 of the present disclosure are implemented.
c those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present disclosure may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present disclosure may take the form of a hardware embodiment, a software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present disclosure is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the disclosure. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above may be implemented by a computer program, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium and executed by a computer to implement the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), or the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. A demand response control method for a building central air conditioner is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises double-layer control;
the first layer of control carries out calculation of a demand response regulation strategy to obtain a plurality of pre-refrigeration strategies and a strategy for shutting down part of the refrigerating unit;
the second layer of control carries out the energy efficiency improvement control of the refrigerating unit to obtain the load rate, the chilled water outlet water temperature, the cooling water return water temperature and the power of the refrigerating unit in each strategy
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
acquiring basic data and environmental data of a building where a central air conditioner is located, receiving a demand response instruction of a power grid, and acquiring demand response time;
obtaining a plurality of pre-refrigeration strategies and a plurality of refrigeration unit shutdown strategies according to the obtained data, the user temperature comfort interval and the temperature adjustable interval in the user acceptable demand response time;
Removing the pre-cooling strategy with the pre-cooling utility period being less than the response time length of the power grid instruction, and solving the residual strategy with the objective of minimum comfort loss or maximum profit to obtain a final demand response control strategy;
the comfort loss and the profit of each response strategy are calculated by the following steps:
acquiring corresponding outdoor temperature in response time, calculating corresponding baseline load, and further acquiring response load according to the obtained refrigerating unit power of each strategy;
according to the obtained response load, the actual income is combined to obtain the income of each response strategy;
and obtaining the comfort loss of each strategy according to the obtained indoor temperature change.
2. The demand response control method for the building central air conditioner as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
and respectively taking all the temperatures between the minimum value of the temperature adjustable interval and the minimum value of the temperature comfortable interval as precooling temperatures, and forming a plurality of pre-cooling strategies corresponding to the indoor highest temperature between the maximum value of the temperature adjustable interval and the maximum value of the temperature comfortable interval.
3. The demand response control method for the building central air conditioner as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
and substituting each pre-cooling strategy into a preset pre-cooling model respectively to obtain pre-cooling period time, pre-cooling utility period time, indoor temperature change and building cooling load variation.
4. A building central air-conditioning demand response control method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that:
and according to a preset shutdown part of the refrigerating unit models, obtaining the indoor temperature change under a strategy of shutting down a certain number of refrigerating units and the total refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating units which are in residual work.
5. The building central air-conditioning demand response control method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that:
and taking the building cold load variation and the total refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating units which are in residual work as the total refrigerating capacity of each running refrigerating unit, and obtaining the load rate, the chilled water outlet water temperature, the cooling water return water temperature and the power of the refrigerating units in each strategy by using a preset model.
6. The utility model provides a building central air conditioning demand response control system which characterized in that: comprises double-layer control;
the first layer of control carries out calculation of a demand response regulation strategy to obtain a plurality of pre-refrigeration strategies and a strategy for shutting down part of the refrigerating unit;
the second layer of control carries out the energy efficiency improvement control of the refrigerating unit to obtain the load rate, the chilled water outlet water temperature, the cooling water return water temperature and the power of the refrigerating unit in each strategy
The method specifically comprises the following steps: a data acquisition module configured to: acquiring basic data and environmental data of a building where a central air conditioner is located, receiving a demand response instruction of a power grid, and acquiring demand response time;
A control policy acquisition module configured to: obtaining a plurality of pre-cooling strategies and a plurality of partial shutdown refrigerating unit strategies according to the obtained data, the user temperature comfort interval and the temperature adjustable interval in the user acceptable demand response time;
a control policy screening module configured to: removing the pre-cooling strategy with the pre-cooling utility period being less than the response time length of the power grid instruction, and solving the remaining strategy with the objective of minimum comfort loss or maximum profit to obtain a final demand response control strategy;
the comfort loss and the profit of each response strategy are calculated by the following steps:
acquiring corresponding outdoor temperature in response time, calculating corresponding baseline load, and further acquiring response load according to the acquired refrigerating unit power of each strategy;
according to the obtained response load, the income of each response strategy is obtained by combining the actual income;
and obtaining the comfort loss of each strategy according to the obtained indoor temperature change.
7. A computer readable storage medium having a program stored thereon, wherein the program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the building central air conditioning demand response control method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the building central air conditioning demand response control method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 when executing the program.
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