CN112583750B - Rate control and receiving method based on M-FSK and transceiver thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application discloses a rate control and receiving method based on M-FSK and a transceiver thereof. Modulating by adopting an M-FSK modulation technology, and transmitting information bits according to frequency points; acquiring a frequency point interval and a channel coding rate, determining the number of information bits transmitted based on the frequency point according to the frequency point interval and the total bandwidth of a transmission frequency domain, determining a symbol duration according to the frequency point interval, and determining the frequency spectrum efficiency and the bit rate according to the position transmission information bits, the channel coding rate, the total bandwidth of the transmission frequency domain and the symbol duration; the bit rate is controlled by adjusting the frequency bin spacing, symbol duration, or modulation phase based on the M-FSK modulation technique. By adopting the technical scheme, the M-FSK-based arbitrary rate receiving and transmitting control can be realized so as to obtain corresponding coverage enhancement or rate improvement, and meanwhile, the receiver can also effectively obtain corresponding code rate transmitting gain.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a rate control and reception method based on M-FSK and a transceiver thereof.
Background
With the development of scientific technology, 5G communication is becoming more and more widespread. In the existing 5G communication, the ebb (EnhancedMobile Broadband ) technology focuses on the spectrum efficiency area, and focuses on the transmission rate in a limited bandwidth, that is, the LPWAN can sacrifice a certain spectrum efficiency in the process of pursuing the extremely high energy efficiency; LPWAN technology requires a long battery life (3-5 years) and therefore focuses on energy efficient areas, i.e. where as little energy as possible needs to be transferred per bit. Therefore, effective utilization of transmit power and improved receiver sensitivity are the primary goals of formulating LPWAN physical layer technology.
The LPWAN communication method comprises the steps of maximizing the utilization of transmitting power, ensuring that instantaneous high power does not occur in LPWAN communication, and maximizing the energy efficiency of power consumption; linearity is a very important indicator in power amplifier design; since the signal has instantaneous high power, in order to ensure the linearity index at the instantaneous high power point, a power back-off technology is generally adopted to ensure the linearity, so that the signal is not distorted after passing through the power amplifier, and the power back-off technology reduces the efficiency of power consumption, so that a method for reducing the average power ratio (PAPR-Peak to Average Power Ratio) needs to be sought. The coverage distance is enhanced by increasing the sensitivity of the receiver by a factor of 4 if the receiver is increased by a factor of 6 dB.
In the prior art, repeated bits cannot be effectively combined in a dry mode during receiving because the repeated bits are modulated on different symbols or frequency points, and all gains cannot be obtained; the conventional eMBB defines a certain code rate by defining the code rate and then defines the code rate by a punching or repeating method, so that the rule of a receiving end is complex, and in order to avoid complexity, the code rate is usually defined to be limited and the code rate control is also limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a rate control method based on M-FSK, which comprises the following steps:
modulating by adopting an M-FSK modulation technology, and transmitting information bits according to frequency points;
acquiring a frequency point interval and a channel coding rate, determining the number of information bits transmitted based on the frequency point according to the frequency point interval and the total bandwidth of a transmission frequency domain, determining a symbol duration according to the frequency point interval, and determining the frequency spectrum efficiency and the bit rate according to the position transmission information bits, the channel coding rate, the total bandwidth of the transmission frequency domain and the symbol duration;
the bit rate is controlled by adjusting the frequency bin spacing, symbol duration, or modulation phase based on the M-FSK modulation technique.
The rate control method based on M-FSK as described above, wherein the parameters of the M-FSK modulation technique include: the total bandwidth BW of the transmission frequency domain, the frequency point interval SCS and the channel coding rate CR; calculating the transmission information bit number based on the frequency point position by using the SCS of the frequency point interval and the total bandwidth of the transmission frequency domainWherein the total bandwidth BW and the frequency point interval SCS are power of 2, and the minimum symbol duration is calculated by the frequency point interval SCS to be +.>Transmitting information bits, channel coding rate, and transmission according to positionDetermining the spectral efficiency to be η=k/2 for the total bandwidth of the frequency domain and the symbol duration K * CR, bit rate K SCS CR.
The rate control method based on M-FSK as described above, wherein the bit rate is controlled by adjusting the symbol duration, that is, increasing the symbol duration of each symbol after modulation based on advanced M-FSK, to achieve the purpose of repeated transmission, specifically includes: calculating the spectral efficiency as K/2 K * CR/(1+CP), CR is the forward error correction coding rate of the wireless channel, 1/(1+CP) is the symbol length rate, the code rate of the fixed forward error correction code is increased or any spectrum efficiency is achieved by controlling the length of each M-FSK modulation symbol.
The rate control method based on M-FSK, wherein, controlling the length of any M-FSK symbol to reach any frequency spectrum efficiency, one is controlling the OFDM symbol duration based on the modulation technique of OFDM, at this time, each symbol activates only one carrier wave, and the length of each symbol is controlled by increasing the length of the cyclic prefix; the other is to directly modulate with M-FSK, and control the symbol length based on the frequency modulation method.
The rate control method based on M-FSK, as described above, wherein the spectrum efficiency is controlled by adjusting the frequency point interval, specifically: when the bandwidth BW is fixed, determining a minimum frequency point interval SCS by considering the wireless channel environment, the transceiver crystal oscillator and the estimation error factors; at the timing of the bandwidth BW, the maximum frequency point interval SCS is determined in consideration of the radio multipath factor.
The rate control method based on M-FSK as described above, wherein higher spectral efficiency is obtained by increasing the modulation phase of the transmission frequency point position.
The rate control method based on M-FSK as described above, wherein the method further comprises setting up a suitable method to set up a scalable transmitter, wherein the increase or decrease of the intermediate frequency interval SCS in the scalable transmitter is a power of 2 relation, the corresponding symbol length becomes a negative power of 2 relation, and the corresponding bit rate increase and decrease are obtained.
The rate control method based on M-FSK as described above further comprises setting up a suitable method to set up a scalable transmitter, and using the scalable transmitter can realize that the bit rate increases when the frequency point interval SCS increases correspondingly.
The application also discloses a transmitter which executes the rate control method based on M-FSK.
The application also discloses a receiving method of the receiver, the receiver adopts a receiver algorithm based on FFT self-adaption to receive the position information and the related phase information transmitted by the transmitter, wherein the FFT size is related to the transmission bandwidth/carrier interval and the symbol duration.
The above-mentioned receiving method based on the receiver further comprises adopting a multi-antenna receiving mode, and assuming that the multi-antenna receiving is synchronous, i.e. the phases are consistent, adopting a direct addition method to obtain corresponding combining gain, and if the multi-antennas are not synchronous, respectively synchronizing the multi-antennas, and then synchronizing corresponding data symbols.
The application also provides a receiver which executes the receiver receiving method.
The beneficial effects realized by the application are as follows: by adopting the technical scheme, the M-FSK-based arbitrary code rate receiving and transmitting control can be realized so as to obtain corresponding coverage enhancement or rate improvement, and meanwhile, the receiver can also effectively obtain corresponding code rate transmitting gain.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings for a person having ordinary skill in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a rate control method based on M-FSK according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of M-FSK modulation frequency points;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of M-FSK modulation;
FIG. 4 shows a graph of the comparison of parameters of Lora and Advanced M-FSK of the present application in the Internet of things;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of OFDM modulation by an OFDM-based modulation technique;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a modulation module based on M-FSK modulation techniques;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of phase modulation.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment of the application provides a rate control method based on M-FSK, as shown in FIG. 1, comprising the following steps:
step 110, modulating by using M-FSK modulation technology, and transmitting information bits according to frequency points;
the advanced M-FSK modulation technology is adopted to send information through the frequency point position method for coding modulation, the modulation information is changed only in phase, amplitude modulation information is not utilized, the low-power consumption characteristic is kept, and the PAPR=0 dB standard system is met.
In this embodiment, a signal with a time domain of 1 selects one frequency point for modulation transmission on M orthogonal frequency points in the frequency domain, where M is a modulation frequency point number, that is, includes M frequency point positions, and m=2 K K is the number of information bits that can be transmitted. As shown in fig. 2, m=8, that is, each symbol of each frequency point can transmit 3 information bits, the frequency point interval is 2KHz, the transmission power is unchanged, the bandwidth is increased, the modulation bits are increased, and in order to reduce spectrum leakage, the inter-symbol phase is kept continuous.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of M-FSK modulation, specifically showing that the number of frequency points m=8, that is, the number of information bits transmittable at 8 frequency point positions is 000/001/011/010/110/111/101/100, the interval between each frequency point is SCS, and the total bandwidth BW is 8 times the frequency point interval.
Step 120, acquiring a frequency point interval and a coding rate, determining the number of information bits transmitted based on the frequency point interval according to the frequency point interval and the total bandwidth of a transmission frequency domain, determining a symbol duration according to the frequency point interval, and determining the frequency spectrum efficiency and the bit rate according to the position transmission information bits, the channel coding rate, the total bandwidth of the transmission frequency domain and the symbol duration;
fig. 4 shows a graph of the comparison of the parameters of Lora and Advanced M-FSK of the present application in the internet of things.
In the embodiment of the application, the most important parameters of the Advanced M-FSK code modulation technology include: the number M of frequency points, the number K of information bits transmitted based on the frequency points, the total bandwidth BW of a transmission frequency domain (without a protection bandwidth), the interval SCS (SubCarrier space) of the frequency points and the channel coding Rate CR (Code Rate); number of transmission information bits based on frequency point position by frequency point interval SCS and transmission frequency domain total bandwidth BWWherein the relation between the total bandwidth BW and the frequency point interval SCS is the power of 2, and the calculated K value is ensured to be an integer; in order to ensure orthogonality between the frequency points, the symbol duration is calculated by the frequency point spacing SCS to be at least +.>
Determining the frequency spectrum efficiency and the bit rate according to the position transmission information bit, the channel coding rate, the total bandwidth of a transmission frequency domain and the symbol duration, wherein the specific deduction process is as follows:
where DR is the bit rate, η is the spectral efficiency, the lower the spectral efficiency, the farther the η coverage is, the higher the spectral efficiency, so the SCS control efficiency can be changed by changing the K value, the CR can be controlled by changing the symbol duration control efficiency, or the phase modulation can be increased, i.e. the number of transmission bits of each symbol is increased by increasing the phase modulation while the SCS is unchanged.
If not coded, the theoretically lowest spectral efficiency η is K/2 K For example, assuming that the total bandwidth BW is 15KHz and scs=1.875 KHz, then m= 8,K =3 and the spectral efficiency is η=k/2 K =0.375 b/(Hz S), so in practical applications for LPWANs, it is an option to sacrifice a certain spectral efficiency to obtain more coverage due to the low power wide area network.
Step 130, controlling the bit rate by adjusting the frequency point interval, the symbol duration or the modulation phase based on the M-FSK modulation technique.
The following is a method for implementing bit rate enhancement by adjusting various parameters according to the embodiments of the present application:
(1) the bit rate is controlled by adjusting the symbol duration, namely, the symbol duration of each symbol is increased after the Advanced M-FSK modulation so as to achieve the purpose of repeated transmission;
specifically, to avoid interference between frequency points, theoretically, the symbol duration (i.e. the symbol length of the base) is at least 1/SCS, and on the basis of the symbol duration, the code rate can be increased by adding any length, for example, repeating the method one time, the symbol duration becomes 2/SCS, and the spectral efficiency is K/2 at this time K * CR/(1+CP), where CR is the forward error correction coding rate of the wireless channel and 1/(1+CP) is the symbol length rate, so that the code rate of the fixed forward error correction code can be increased or any spectral efficiency can be achieved by controlling the symbol length of each M-FSK modulation to obtain corresponding coverage enhancement;
wherein, control arbitrary M-FSK symbol length obtains corresponding enhancement coverage technique: one is a control OFDM symbol based on OFDM modulation techniques, where each symbol activates only one carrier, controlling the length of each symbol by increasing the length of the cyclic prefix; fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of OFDM modulation performed by an OFDM-based modulation technique, where a specific modulation process sequentially includes a coding module, a Gray mapping module, an IFFT module, a parallel to serial module (P to S), and a cyclic prefix module. The other is to directly modulate with M-FSK, and control the symbol length based on the frequency modulation method. The symbol length of the spectrum efficiency control method is variable, and the corresponding code rate can be obtained at will to obtain the corresponding coverage increase; fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of modulation based on M-FSK modulation technology, and a specific modulation process sequentially includes a coding module, a Gray mapping module, and an M-FSK modulation module.
(2) The frequency spectrum efficiency is controlled by adjusting the frequency point interval, so that the bit rate is adjusted;
in practical situations, because of considering the influence of various factors, the frequency point interval SCS cannot be reduced infinitely or increased infinitely; namely, when the bandwidth BW is fixed, the minimum frequency point interval SCS is determined by considering the wireless channel environment, the crystal oscillator of the transceiver and the estimation error factor, and the maximum frequency point interval SCS can be determined by considering the wireless multipath factor;
specifically, under a certain bandwidth (i.e. when BW is fixed), since the increase of K value can cause the frequency point interval SCS to be continuously reduced, and because under the influence of factors such as external doppler frequency offset (for example, doppler spread calculation formula is fv/c, where f is carrier frequency, v is moving speed, c is light speed, if carrier frequency f is 900MHZ, v is 50km/H, doppler spread is about 50 Hz), such as the influence of frequency offset estimation precision, the frequency point interval SCS cannot be infinitely small, so the K value cannot be continuously increased, therefore when the bandwidth BW is fixed, considering the characteristics and implementation factors of a wireless channel, the corresponding minimum frequency point interval SCS is also determined, and when the frequency points are kept orthogonal based on M-FSK, the corresponding minimum frequency spectrum efficiency can also be determined; when the spectral efficiency cannot be reduced by the frequency bin interval SCS, the spectral efficiency can be further reduced by increasing the symbol duration. In addition, in order to improve the spectrum efficiency, the modulation frequency point interval SCS needs to be improved; however, since there is a multipath effect in an actual wireless environment, spectrum efficiency cannot be infinitely improved even if the frequency point interval SCS becomes larger.
Table 1 below shows the spectral efficiency and bit efficiency corresponding to each parameter at the bandwidth BW timing:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, in practical application, smaller frequency point intervals, such as 3.75/4KHz or 3.75/8KHz, can be adopted for the Advanced M-FSK modulation mode; because of the ETU typical channel environment, the multipath delay has 5 microseconds, so it can also be derived from table 1 that the bit rate is highest when the frequency point interval SCS is 30KHz, and the actual bit rate is reduced when SCS is greater than 30KHz, thereby determining that the bit rate controlled is highest when the maximum frequency point interval SCS is 30 KHz;
(3) the higher frequency spectrum efficiency is obtained by increasing the modulation phase of the transmission frequency point position;
when the SCS is an arbitrary value, higher frequency spectrum efficiency can be obtained through modulating phase Modulation, so that the bit rate is improved; to keep papr=0 dB, PSK modulation is specifically used, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of phase modulation, where the position of the phase may be changed, and if BPSK modulation is used, 1 bit may be transmitted by two phase transmission, if QPSK modulation is used, 2 bits may be transmitted by four phase transmission, and if 8PSK modulation is used, 3 bits may be transmitted by eight phase transmission. For example, the following table 2 shows the parameters when different modulation phases are used when the frequency bin interval SCS is the maximum frequency bin interval 30 KHz:
TABLE 2
(4) Formulating an appropriate method to set the transmitter of the present application as a scalable transmitter;
table 3 below shows the control results achieved by the scalable transmitter at a fixed bandwidth BW:
TABLE 3 Table 3
As can be seen from table 3 above, the use of the scalable transmitter architecture can achieve the corresponding change of SCS and symbol Rate under a fixed bandwidth, and the use of the scalable transmitter architecture can achieve the increase of bit Rate when the maximum value of SCS reaches 60 KHz; i.e. the increase or decrease of the frequency bin spacing SCS is a power of 2, the corresponding symbol length becomes a negative power of 2, the corresponding mth order also varies in power, and the corresponding bit rate thus obtained increases or decreases.
The application also provides a transmitter which executes the rate control method based on the M-FSK.
In addition to the above transmitter and the rate control method thereof, the present application also discloses a corresponding receiver and a receiving method for obtaining a corresponding gain thereof, specifically, the receiver receives position information and related phase information transmitted by the transmitter by adopting a receiver algorithm based on FFT self-adaption, wherein the FFT size is related to sampling frequency/carrier interval and symbol rate. Wherein the symbol length gain can be fully enhanced in the receiver by:
(1) Let the sampling frequency be SR, then the sampling frequency is at least sr=scsx2 K ×2 n Where n is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and a greater n is beneficial to improving the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of the receiver.
(2) If the symbol duration is Ts, the symbol length is at least T in order to avoid inter-frequency interference S > = 1/SCS, when the rate is high, the carrier spacing needs to be increased accordingly.
(3) In order to avoid the influence of direct current sub-carrier at the receiving end, the quantity of FFT is at least 2 xSR/SCS; each symbol sampling point number is SR T S Filling at least to 2 x SR/SCS by zero filling, if each symbol exceeds the number, selecting proper n to SCS x 2 by zero filling K ×2 n 。
(4) In order to avoid the influence of wireless multipath channel, the receiving end can remove the front several adoption points of each symbol after time-frequency synchronization.
(5) Comparing the amplitude values of the corresponding frequency points, judging the corresponding modulation frequency point of each symbol, and demodulating the corresponding modulation bit according to the frequency point.
(6) For the expandable M-FSK transmitter, the receiving end is provided with a corresponding expandable receiver. I.e. the FFT size varies to the power of 2 with the symbol duration.
In addition, in the receiver, in order to increase coverage, a multi-antenna receiving mode may be adopted, and if multiple antennas are synchronous, that is, the phases are identical, a direct addition method is adopted to obtain a corresponding combining gain, and if multiple antennas are not synchronous, the multiple antennas are synchronous respectively, and then the corresponding data symbols are synchronous.
The foregoing examples are merely specific embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, but the present application is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that while the foregoing examples are described in detail, the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art may modify or easily conceive of the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features within the technical scope of the disclosure of the present application; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions. Are intended to be encompassed within the scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (11)
1. A rate control method based on M-FSK, applied to a transmitter, comprising:
modulating by adopting Advanced M-FSK modulation technology, and transmitting information bits according to frequency points;
acquiring a frequency point interval and a channel coding rate, determining the number of information bits transmitted based on the frequency point according to the frequency point interval and the total bandwidth of a transmission frequency domain, determining a symbol duration according to the frequency point interval, and determining the frequency spectrum efficiency and the bit rate according to the position transmission information bits, the channel coding rate, the total bandwidth of the transmission frequency domain and the symbol duration;
based on Advanced M-FSK modulation technology, bit rate is controlled by adjusting frequency point interval, symbol duration or modulation phase.
2. The M-FSK based rate control method of claim 1 wherein the parameters of the Advanced M-FSK modulation technique include: the total bandwidth BW of the transmission frequency domain, the frequency point interval SCS and the channel coding rate CR; calculating the transmission information bit number based on the frequency point position by using the SCS of the frequency point interval and the total bandwidth of the transmission frequency domainWherein the total bandwidth BW and the frequency point interval SCS are power of 2, and the minimum symbol duration is calculated by the frequency point interval SCS to be +.>Determining a spectral efficiency of η=k/2 based on the position transmission information bits, the channel coding rate, the total bandwidth of the transmission frequency domain and the symbol duration K * CR, bit rate is K SCS CR.
3. The M-FSK based rate control method according to claim 2, wherein the bit rate is controlled by adjusting the symbol duration, i.e. increasing the symbol duration of each symbol after Advanced M-FSK based modulation, to achieve the purpose of repeated transmission, specifically: calculating the spectral efficiency as K/2 K * CR/(1+CP), CR is the forward error correction coding rate of the wireless channel, 1/(1+CP) is the symbol length rate, the code rate of the fixed forward error correction code is increased or any spectrum efficiency is achieved by controlling the length of each M-FSK modulation symbol.
4. A M-FSK based rate control method according to claim 3 wherein controlling any M-FSK modulation symbol length to achieve any spectral efficiency comprises: the symbol length is controlled based on the frequency modulation method by directly using M-FSK modulation.
5. The M-FSK based rate control method according to claim 2, wherein the spectral efficiency is controlled by adjusting the frequency bin spacing, in particular: when the bandwidth BW is fixed, determining a minimum frequency point interval SCS by considering the wireless channel environment, the transceiver crystal oscillator and the estimation error factors; at the timing of the bandwidth BW, the maximum frequency point interval SCS is determined in consideration of the radio multipath factor.
6. The M-FSK based rate control method according to claim 2, wherein higher spectral efficiency is obtained by increasing the modulation phase of the transmission frequency point position.
7. The M-FSK based rate control method according to claim 1, further comprising formulating an appropriate method for setting up the scalable transmitter, increasing the frequency interval SCS in the scalable transmitter by a power of 2, changing the corresponding symbol length to a power of 2 of the original symbol length, and obtaining the corresponding bit rate increase;
the frequency point interval SCS in the scalable transmitter is reduced by a power of 2, and the corresponding symbol length becomes a negative power of 2 of the original symbol length, resulting in a corresponding bit rate reduction.
8. A transmitter, characterized in that the transmitter performs the M-FSK based rate control method according to any of claims 1-7.
9. A receiver receiving method, characterized in that the receiver receives the position information and the related phase information transmitted by the transmitter according to claim 8 using a receiver algorithm based on FFT adaptation, wherein the FFT size is related to the transmission bandwidth/carrier spacing and the symbol duration.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising obtaining a corresponding combining gain by direct addition if multiple antennas are synchronized, i.e., phase is identical, by using multiple antenna reception, and synchronizing corresponding data symbols after each of the multiple antennas is not synchronized, if the multiple antennas are not synchronized.
11. A receiver, characterized in that the receiver performs the receiver receiving method according to claim 9 or 10.
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