CN112514788B - Breeding method of large-grain rice restorer line and simple seed production method of hybrid rice - Google Patents
Breeding method of large-grain rice restorer line and simple seed production method of hybrid rice Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of a large-grain restoring line of rice and a light and simple seed production method of hybrid rice, which take Yanggao No. 6 as a female parent and R527 as a male parent to perform hybridization to obtain a hybrid F1, plant F1 and hybridize with Minhui 3301 as a male parent to obtain a compound hybrid F1', plant compound F1' to obtain an F2 'generation, plant seeds with rice blast resistance and grain thickness larger than 2.2mm in an F2' generation mixed harvest to obtain an F3 'generation, plant seeds with single plant with rice blast resistance and grain thickness larger than 2.2mm in an F3' generation to obtain an F4 'generation, plant seeds with rice blast resistance and grain thickness larger than 2.2mm in an F4' generation to plant seeds with single plant with rice blast resistance and grain thickness larger than 2.2mm in the F3 'generation, and then perform directional cultivation for more than 5 generations to obtain seeds with more than F10' which are the large-grain restoring line of rice. The rice large-grain restorer line obtained by the breeding method of the rice large-grain restorer line has the advantages of long flowering period, large pollen amount, disease resistance, high and low temperature resistance and good rice quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rice seed production, in particular to a breeding method of a rice large-grain type restorer line. In addition, the invention also relates to a simple seed production method of hybrid rice.
Background
Before 1980, the American Ring seed company started to perform mechanical seed production tests on hybrid rice combination Nanyou No. 2 bred in China; then, the research on the mechanized seed production technology of hybrid rice has been carried out in Germany and Japan. The American rice technology company, germany Bayer company and the like adopt seed production technologies such as mechanical dry drilling of parents, spraying and fertilizing of mechanical or agricultural airplanes, powder removing by helicopters, mechanical harvesting and the like in the south America countries such as Brazil, argentina and the like, and large-area mechanical seed production is realized. The production links of plowing, seedling raising, plant protection, harvesting, drying and the like in the production process of hybrid seeds in Korea and Japan are basically mechanized. Malaysia explores the technology of mechanical soil preparation, rice transplanting, fertilization, pesticide spraying, harvesting, mechanical packaging and the like in the hybrid rice seed production process, the two-combination mechanical seed production of SIRAJ and HR-15H is implemented, and the yield is respectively improved by 1.2t/hm 2 And 1.8t/hm 2 。
The hybrid rice has more than 50% of the total area of the rice in China in recent years due to high yield per unit, strong stress resistance and wide adaptability, and plays an important role in guaranteeing the food safety of China. However, in recent years, the planting area of hybrid rice has a downward trend, and the main reasons for this are that on one hand, in the traditional hybrid rice seed production, the male parent and the female parent need to be sown separately, transplanted separately, and different field management is carried out to obtain an ideal flower-period meeting state, artificial pollination is needed, and the male parent and the female parent need to be separated and harvested manually, so that the seed production cost is high due to the complex process and high labor intensity of the method; on the other hand, in the current stage, rice production increasingly attaches more importance to the simplified and mechanized cultivation mode, the seed consumption is greatly increased, the seed consumption cost is high, and the development of hybrid rice is severely restricted. Therefore, there is a need for integrated research on methods for realizing mechanized seed production of hybrid rice, so as to greatly reduce labor input and labor intensity, improve seed production efficiency, reduce seed cost of hybrid rice, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of hybrid rice.
The mechanized seed production technology of the domestic hybrid rice is mainly divided into two modes, namely a separate planting method and a mixed preparation method. The separate planting method needs to separately plant male parents and female parents, mainly mechanically plant the male parents and the female parents according to the row ratio according to the sowing and transplanting period of the male parents and the female parents, manually cut off the male parents after pollination, and finally mechanically harvest F1 seeds; or selecting parents with the same growth period for mechanical direct seeding or planting according to a proper row ratio; or the male parent is planted manually, and the female parent is sowed directly mechanically; in addition, there is also a mode in which the male parent and the female parent are respectively and intensively planted, pollen is mechanically collected at the full-bloom stage of the male parent, the pollen is frozen and stored, and mechanical pollination is carried out when the female parent is in the full-bloom stage. The hybrid method is a mechanized seed production mode in which male parent and female parent are mixed and planted according to a certain proportion, male parent plants are removed after pollination, or male parent self-bred seeds are removed through a certain method after hybrid harvest. For example, herbicide sensitive (lethal) gene and herbicide resistant gene are respectively introduced into rice restoring line and sterile line, so that the male parent and female parent have difference in sensitivity or resistance to certain herbicide, herbicide is sprayed after pollination is finished, the male parent is killed, and female parent (F1) is reserved to produce hybrid seed. Also can realize the mixed sowing and mixed harvesting of the restorer and the sterile line by screening special mutation with obstacle in fertilization and fructification, such as leading the female sterile gene into a male parent; the method most concerned by breeders is that the obvious difference of the seed color or grain type between the female parent (sterile line) or the male parent (restorer line) is utilized, the male parent and the female parent seeds are mixed according to a certain proportion during sowing, and then are sowed by a large-scale sowing machine in a drilling way or a broadcasting way, pollinated and fructified, mixed and harvested, and finally, the male parent and the hybrid seeds are separated by a specific optical instrument or mechanical equipment.
Many scholars have used various approaches to realize mechanized seed production of hybrid rice for many years, but various approaches basically stay in the research stage and have not realized large-scale industrialization. If the parents and parents respectively carry out mechanical direct sowing according to the sowing difference period and the row ratio, if the sowing difference period of the parents is too large, or the parents cannot sow and emerge according to the period, the flowering asynchronism of the parents and the parents often can be caused to influence the yield of seed production; the method for mechanically producing seeds by using a mixed planting method of taking materials sensitive to herbicides such as bentazone and rice azolidone as male parents and taking insensitive materials as female parents has the problem that the male parents can not be completely killed by herbicide spraying after pollination is finished; however, the method of distinguishing the male parent from the hybrid F1 seed by using the grain color of the male parent and the hybrid F1 seed and adopting a special color sorting machine often has the problem of low screening efficiency. The key of the hybrid rice mechanized parent-parent hybrid seed production technology is to realize the mechanized seed sorting of the parent and the parent. So far, no suitable mechanical separation method is popularized and applied in production due to the limitation of sterile lines and restorer lines.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a breeding method of a rice large-grain restorer line and a simple seed production method of hybrid rice, and aims to solve the technical problem that the prior art can not really realize mechanized seed production of the hybrid rice.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for breeding the large-grain restoring line of paddy rice includes such steps as hybridizing Yang rice No. 6 as female parent with R527 as male parent to obtain hybrid F1, planting F1, hybridizing with Minhui 3301 as male parent to obtain compound hybrid F1', planting compound F1' to obtain F2' generation, mixing the F2' generation, separating the seeds with rice blast resistance and thickness greater than 2.2mm, planting to obtain F3' generation, separating the seeds with rice blast resistance and thickness greater than 2.2mm from F3' generation, planting to obtain F4' generation, separating the seeds with rice blast resistance and thickness greater than 2.2mm from F4' generation, planting, and directional culturing for more than 5 generations to obtain the seeds of F10' generation, which is the large-grain restoring line of paddy rice.
Further, the directional cultivation comprises the following steps: forcing selection under high temperature and low temperature conditions alternately from generation to generation of F5', wherein the high temperature condition is that the average temperature is above 32 ℃ for 5 consecutive days or the maximum temperature is above 37.5 ℃ for 5 consecutive days in the booting stage and the heading stage; the low temperature condition is that the average temperature is below 21 ℃ for 3 consecutive days or the lowest temperature is below 18 ℃ for 3 consecutive days in the booting stage and the heading stage.
Further, sampling seeds of each generation strain after stress selection, performing rice quality determination, and selecting strains with good rice quality.
Further, the rice large grain type restorer line is a seed of generation F10' or more.
Furthermore, the thousand kernel weight of the rice large-grain type restorer is 33 g-36 g, and the thickness of the grains is more than 2.2mm.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for producing a light-weight hybrid rice, comprising the steps of:
the rice large-grain type restoring line is taken as a male parent and the rice small-grain type sterile line is taken as a female parent to be matched and simultaneously sown in a mixed mode for seed production;
simultaneously mixing and harvesting the male parent and the female parent;
and (4) screening and separating the male parent seeds and the female parent seeds according to the difference of the grain thickness, wherein the female parent seeds are hybrid seeds.
Further, the rice small-grain sterile line comprises one of android 201S, android 234S, zhan 998S or Longwang S.
Furthermore, the thousand grain weight of the rice small-grain sterile line is less than 18g, and the thickness of the grains is less than 1.75mm.
Further, the sowing form of the male parent and the female parent comprises one of male parent sprouted grain and female parent dry grain, male parent dry grain and female parent sprouted grain, male parent and female parent uniformly-sowed sprouted grain or male parent and female parent uniformly-sowed dry grain; when the sowing form is male parent sprouted grain and female parent dry grain, the ratio of male parent sprouted grain to female parent dry grain is 1: 20.
Further, the sowing mode of mixed sowing comprises one of male parent and female parent mixed direct sowing, male parent and female parent drill sowing or male parent seedling throwing and female parent direct sowing; the aperture of the screened mesh is 2.1mm wide and 20mm long.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the breeding method of the rice large-grain type restorer line provided by the invention comprises the steps of hybridizing Yanggao No. 6 serving as a female parent and R527 serving as a male parent to obtain a hybrid F1, hybridizing the F1 and Minhui 3301 serving as male parents to obtain a hybrid F1', and directionally culturing to obtain the rice large-grain type restorer line. The rice large-grain restorer line obtained by the breeding method of the large-grain restorer line has the advantages of long flowering period, large pollen amount, disease resistance, high and low temperature resistance and good rice quality.
The light and simple seed production method of hybrid rice of the invention uses the rice large-grain type restoring line as the male parent, the rice small-grain type sterile line as the female parent, matches and simultaneously carries out mixed sowing and seed production, simultaneously carries out mixed harvesting on the male parent and the female parent, can screen female parent seeds as hybrid seeds according to the difference of grain thickness, and really realizes the light and simple seed production of the hybrid rice. The large-grain restorer line (male parent) and the small-grain sterile line (female parent) are used for producing seeds, the obtained hybrid seeds are small-grain types, and the hybrid seeds and the male parent seeds are separated by a sieve with a certain specification aperture through a mechanical screening method according to the difference of the grain thicknesses of the male parent seeds and the female parent seeds (hybrid seeds), so that the whole-process mechanized seed production of the hybrid rice is realized. Compared with the traditional seed production mode, the method reduces the production cost of the seeds and improves the production benefit by 36.3 percent. On the other hand, the thousand seed weight of the sterile line for large-area production is generally 25-30 g, but the thousand seed weight of the small-grain sterile line (female parent) selected by the application is 14-18 g, which is only about half of that of the common sterile line, namely the propagation coefficient is improved by 1 time, the seed cost of the hybrid rice is greatly reduced, the popularization of the hybrid rice is promoted, and particularly, the light and simple mechanical large-scale planting of the hybrid rice such as mechanical transplanting, seedling throwing, direct seeding and the like is realized.
In addition to the above-described objects, features and advantages, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a comparison of the particle sizes of tall wine 201S and 8W796 in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the seedling stage of mixed direct seeding of tall and erect 201S and 8W796 according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of heading stage of hybrid direct seeding production of Zong 201S and 8W796 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 4 is a diagram of maturation period of hybrid direct seeding production of android 201S and 8W796 according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The rice restorer seed 8W796 is preserved in China center for type culture Collection, the Latin article name is Oryza Sativa L.8W796, the preservation date is 2020, 9 and 4 days, and the preservation number is CCTCC NO: p202010, the preservation address of China, wuhan.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The breeding method of the large-grain rice restorer line comprises the steps of hybridizing Yanggao No. 6 serving as a female parent and R527 serving as a male parent to obtain a hybrid F1, planting F1 and hybridizing with Minhui 3301 serving as male parents to obtain a double-cross hybrid F1', planting a double-cross F1' to obtain an F2 'generation, mixedly collecting seeds with rice blast resistance and grain thickness of more than 2.2mm from the F2' generation, planting seeds with single plant with rice blast resistance and grain thickness of more than 2.2mm from the F3 'generation to obtain an F3' generation, planting seeds with single plant with rice blast resistance and grain thickness of more than 2.2mm from the F3 'generation to obtain an F4' generation, separating seeds with plant lines with rice blast resistance and grain thickness of more than 2.2mm from the F4 'generation, and then directionally cultivating the seeds with more than 5 generations to obtain more than F10' generation seeds, namely the large-grain rice restorer line.
The breeding method of the rice large-grain type restorer line provided by the invention comprises the steps of hybridizing Yanggao No. 6 serving as a female parent and R527 serving as a male parent to obtain a hybrid F1, hybridizing the F1 and Minhui 3301 serving as male parents to obtain a hybrid F1', and directionally culturing to obtain the rice large-grain type restorer line. The rice large-grain restorer line obtained by the breeding method of the large-grain restorer line has the advantages of long flowering period, large pollen amount, disease resistance, high and low temperature resistance and good rice quality. The variety right number of the Yangdao No. 6: CNA 20000091.8. R527 was obtained by hybridization of assay 49/R463. Variety right number of Minhui 3301: CNA0070356.0.
In this embodiment, the directional cultivation includes the following steps: forcing selection under high temperature and low temperature conditions alternately from generation to generation of F5', wherein the high temperature condition is that the average temperature is above 32 ℃ for 5 consecutive days or the maximum temperature is above 37.5 ℃ for 5 consecutive days in the booting stage and the heading stage; the low temperature condition is that the average temperature is below 21 ℃ for 3 consecutive days or the lowest temperature is below 18 ℃ for 3 consecutive days in the booting stage and the heading stage. In the breeding process, the strains to be selected in the F5' generation are sowed in the sand by stages to carry out high temperature stress resistance selection, namely sowing in 4 months and 10 days, sowing one stage every 7 days, sowing 6 stages together, carrying out high temperature stress resistance selection in a booting stage and a heading stage, and the high temperature resistance condition is that the average temperature is more than 32 ℃ for continuous 5 days or the maximum temperature is more than 37.5 ℃ for continuous 5 days. In the breeding process, F5' generation strains to be selected are sowed in sand in stages to carry out low temperature stress resistance selection, namely sowing is carried out at 28 days in 5 months, sowing is carried out at one stage every 7 days, sowing is carried out at 6 stages together, and low temperature stress resistance selection in a booting stage and a heading stage is carried out, wherein the low temperature stress resistance selection condition is that the average temperature is below 21 ℃ in 3 consecutive days or the average temperature is below 18 ℃ in 3 consecutive days. The high temperature stress resistance selection can be carried out by adjusting the indoor test environment through the experimental equipment.
In this example, seeds of each generation strain after stress selection were sampled to determine rice quality, and strains with good rice quality were selected. Sampling in the maturation period to investigate the total grain number, the actual grain number and the blighted grain number, calculating the maturing rate, and determining the rice quality, including rice milling quality, appearance quality, cooking taste quality and line selection of good rice quality at high temperature. Rice milling quality: the brown rice rate is more than 81 percent, the polished rice rate is more than 72 percent, the polished rice rate is more than 60 percent, and the appearance quality is as follows: the grain length is more than 7mm, the length-width ratio is more than 3.2, the chalky grain rate is 21.0 percent, the chalky degree is less than 2 percent, and the transparency is grade 1; cooking taste quality: the alkali digestion value is 5-7.0 grade, the gel consistency is 71-85 mm, and the content of straight chain ingot powder is more than 16 percent. The protein content is > 8%. The setting percentage is more than or equal to 80 percent.
Taking the first mode as an example, yanggao No. 6 as a female parent and R527 as a male parent are hybridized in summer of 2012 to obtain a hybrid F1, and F1 and Minhui 3301 are hybridized in winter of 2012 to obtain a male parent, and after selection of high temperature resistance and low temperature stress at a booting stage and a heading stage, rice blast resistance, seed thickness of more than 2.2mm, outcrossing seed setting rate of more than 80 percent and rice quality of large-grain restorer line seeds 8W796 are bred in 2017 through directional breeding of 10 generations in 5 years. The rice restorer seed 8W796 is preserved in China center for type culture Collection, the Latin article name is Oryza Sativa L.8W796, the preservation date is 2020, 9 and 4 days, and the preservation number is CCTCC NO: p202010, preservation address China, wuhan. The 8W796 is identified in the rice blast of the Daweishan mountain in Liuyang city, the seedling blast is grade 3, the panicle blast is grade 3, and the comprehensive rating is grade 3.1; the bacterial leaf blight resistance is grade 5, and the sheath blight is light; the high and low temperature resistance is strong; the rice quality is 81.3 percent of brown rice, 72.8 percent of polished rice, 60.1 percent of whole polished rice, 7.1mm of grain length, 3.3 of length-width ratio, 21.0 percent of chalky grain rate, 1.9 percent of chalky degree, grade 1 of transparency, 6.0 grade of alkali digestion value, 82mm of gel consistency, 16.1 percent of straight-chain spindle powder and 8.5 percent of protein.
In this example, the rice large grain type recovering line is seeds of more than F10' generation.
In the embodiment, the thousand grain weight of the rice large-grain type restoring line is 33 g-36 g, and the thickness of the grains is more than 2.2mm. Preferably, the thousand kernel weight of rice 8W796 is 35.6g.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for producing a light-weight hybrid rice, comprising the steps of:
the rice large-grain type restoring line is taken as a male parent and the rice small-grain type sterile line is taken as a female parent to be matched and simultaneously sown in a mixed mode for seed production;
simultaneously mixing and harvesting the male parent and the female parent;
and (4) screening and separating male parent seeds and female parent seeds according to the difference of the length and the thickness of grains, wherein the female parent seeds are hybrid seeds.
The light and simple seed production method of hybrid rice of the invention uses the rice large-grain type restoring line as the male parent, the rice small-grain type sterile line as the female parent, matches and simultaneously carries out mixed sowing and seed production, simultaneously carries out mixed harvesting on the male parent and the female parent, can screen female parent seeds as hybrid seeds according to the difference of grain thickness, and really realizes the light and simple seed production of the hybrid rice. The large-grain restorer line (male parent) and the small-grain sterile line (female parent) are used for producing seeds, the obtained hybrid seeds are small-grain types, and the hybrid seeds and the male parent seeds are separated by a sieve with a certain specification aperture through a mechanical screening method according to the difference of the grain thicknesses of the male parent seeds and the female parent seeds (hybrid seeds), so that the whole-process mechanized seed production of the hybrid rice is realized. Compared with the traditional seed production mode, the method reduces the production cost of the seeds and improves the production benefit by 36.3 percent. On the other hand, the thousand grain weight of the sterile line for large-area production is generally 25-30 g, but the thousand grain weight of the small-grain type sterile line (female parent) selected by the application is 14-18 g, and is only about half of that of the common sterile line, namely, the propagation coefficient is improved by 1 time, the seed cost of hybrid rice is greatly reduced, the popularization of the hybrid rice is promoted, and particularly, the light and simple mechanical large-scale planting of the hybrid rice, such as mechanical transplanting, seedling throwing, direct seeding and the like, is realized.
The hybrid produced by the rice large-grain restorer line and the small-grain sterile line is small-grain under the genotype control of the parent rice small-grain sterile line, and the male parent seed is large-grain under the genotype control of the rice large-grain restorer line. The rice large-grain type restoring line has the thousand-grain weight of 33 g-36 g and grain thickness of more than 2.2mm, can realize mixed harvesting (male parent and female parent), especially mechanized mixed harvesting, and the harvested mixed seeds are sorted through a proper mesh screen to distinguish hybrid seeds and male parents.
The rice large-grain restorer line and the rice small-grain sterile line are utilized to carry out seed production matching, the growth periods of the rice large-grain restorer line and the rice small-grain sterile line are proper, the male parent and the female parent are directly sown at the same time, the seed production mode is simplified, seedling raising and transplanting are not needed, labor is saved, the pollination link (or auxiliary pollination) can be simplified, the male parent and the female parent are harvested in a mixed mode, the male parent and the female parent are not needed to be harvested independently after the female parent and the female parent bloom, the male parent and the female parent are harvested in a mixed mode by a harvester, and production cost is reduced. As shown in fig. 1, particle types of tall and erect 201S and 8W796 are compared, wherein the small particle is tall and erect 201S, and the large particle is 8W796, and the thicknesses of the small particle and the large particle are very different, which is beneficial to separation of male parent seeds and female parent seeds.
The harvested mixed male parent and hybrid seeds can separate the small grain type hybrid seeds and the large grain or normal seed restoring line on the small grain type sterile line of the rice by utilizing the principle that mesh screens are used for separating different thousand seed weights, namely different sizes of seeds. The invention selects and breeds the rice large-grain type restorer line and the rice small-grain type sterile line which have similar sowing initial periods and large grain type differences, and utilizes the difference of grain thickness to screen, for example, a special mesh screen can be designed by using a sorting machine modification technology to mechanically sort parent and parent machines, thereby realizing the whole process mechanization of seed production.
In this embodiment, the rice grain type sterile line includes one of zhuo 201S, zhuo 234S, zhuo 998S, or long yi S.
TABLE 1 sources of rice small-grain type sterile lines
In this example, the thousand kernel weight of the rice small-grain sterile line is less than 18g, and the thickness of the rice grain is less than 1.75mm. Particularly, the thousand grain weight of the rice large-grain type restoring line is 33 g-36 g, and the thickness of grains is more than 2.2mm. Preferably, the thousand grain weight of the rice 8W796 is 35.6g, while the thousand grain weight of the rice small-grain sterile line is less than 18g, the grain thickness is less than 1.75mm, the difference is larger, the separation is easier, and the purity of the hybrid can be ensured.
In this embodiment, the seeding forms of the male parent and the female parent include seeding of the male parent, the dry rice and the female parent, seeding of both the male parent and the female parent, or seeding of both the male parent and the female parent. When the sowing form is male parent sprouted grain and female parent dry grain, the ratio of male parent sprouted grain and female parent dry grain is 1: 20.
In the embodiment, the sowing mode of mixed sowing comprises the mixed direct sowing of the male parent and the female parent, the row sowing of the male parent and the female parent or the direct sowing of the male parent and the female parent after seedling throwing, and when the sowing starting periods of the male parent and the female parent are close, the sowing can be carried out by adopting any mode. When the initial sowing periods of the male parent and the female parent are large, the sowing mode of drilling the male parent and the female parent is preferably adopted, the initial sowing period of the male parent is generally relatively late, and the flowering phases of the male parent and the female parent can be adjusted by spraying measures such as '920' on the male parent, so that the flowering phases of the male parent and the female parent meet. And other sowing modes obviously have inconvenience in operation and are not beneficial to adjusting the flowering phase of the male parent. As shown in figure 2, in the seedling stage of direct seeding of the rice small-grain sterile line Zhuo 201S and the rice large-grain restorer line 8W796 in a mixed manner, the male parent and the female parent all grow normally and vigorously, and the female parent grows around the male parent, so that pollen can be accepted conveniently.
In this example, the screening mesh aperture was 2.1mm wide and 20mm long. The male parent seeds and the female parent seeds can be effectively separated and screened by selecting the screen with the aperture.
Example 1
In summer of 2012, yangdao No. 6 is used as a female parent, R527 is used as a male parent to perform hybridization to obtain a hybrid F1, F1 is planted in Hainan and is hybridized with Minhui 3301 as a male parent, high and low temperature stress resistant selection is performed in a booting period and a heading period, rice blast resistance is realized, the thickness of seeds is more than 2.2mm, and through directional cultivation of 5 years and 10 generations, a large-grain restorer line 8W796 with long flowering phase, large pollen quantity, disease resistance, high and low temperature resistance and good rice quality is cultivated in 2017. The breeding process is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Breeding Process of Large grain type restorer lines
The obtained large-grain restorer line is 8W796, the plant height is 105cm, the plant type is tight and moderate, the stems are thick and strong, the tillering force is strong, generally, 11-12 effective spikes of a single plant are obtained, the spike length is 26 cm, 158 glumes of each spike are obtained on average, the grain length is 8mm, the length-width ratio is 3.3, the grains are full, and the thousand-grain weight is 35.6g; the flowering period is long, the full-bloom period is 5-7d, and the pollen amount is large; the method comprises the following steps of (1) identifying the blast disease of the great country mountain in Liuyang city, wherein the seedling blast grade is 3, the panicle blast grade is 3, and the comprehensive rating is 3.1; the bacterial leaf blight resistance is grade 5, and the sheath blight is light; the high and low temperature resistance is strong; the rice quality is 81.3 percent of brown rice, 72.8 percent of polished rice, 60.1 percent of whole polished rice, 7.1mm of grain length, 3.3 of length-width ratio, 21.0 percent of chalky grain rate, 1.9 percent of chalky degree, grade 1 of transparency, 6.0 grade of alkali digestion value, 82mm of gel consistency, 16.1 percent of straight-chain spindle powder and 8.5 percent of protein.
Example 2
In the hybridization seed production of the Malus spectabilis bay in Hainan in 1 month in 2019, taking a large-grain type restoring line 8W796 as a male parent and an android 201S as a female parent, adopting male parent seedling throwing according to the initial sowing period of the male parent, and directly sowing the female parent in a direct sowing mode, wherein the female parent is sowed in 27 days at 1 month, the weight of each mu is 2.0, the male parent is sowed in 10 days at 1 month, the sowing period is one time every 4 days, the sowing period is 2 days in total, 500 holes are sowed in each mu, and when the female parent is sowed in water-free field (2 th to 3 th days), weeding is carried out in a closed mode according to the weather, and then the water-free field is kept for at least more than 3 days; 30kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu to serve as base fertilizer, 30 jin of compound fertilizer is applied per mu to serve as top dressing after direct seeding and rehydration, a seedling frame keeps a medium level, as shown in figure 3, the male parent and the female parent start to ear at 22 days in 4 months, and the male parent and the female parent are simultaneously applied in a mixed manner of 15 g/mu in 23 days in 4 months, powder cannot be expelled even in breeze, artificial supplementary pollination is performed for 1 time in a windless state, and the male parent is mature in 15 days in 5 months, as shown in figure 4, the tall and erect 201S and 8W796 are mixed and sown to produce seeds in the mature period, the occupied space of the male parent is small, the proportion is small, and the seed production outcrossing maturing rate is high. Harvesting in 5 months and 15 days, mechanically screening under the conditions of sieve pore diameter of 2.1mm wide and 20mm long, and separating male parent seeds and female parent seeds, namely hybrid seeds.
While 8W796 is used as male parent for seed production, the large-grain restorer line Yahui 2115 is used as male parent for contrast experiment under the same conditions. And (3) counting the outcrossing seed setting rate and the seed production yield of the group taking 8W796 as a male parent and the group taking Yahui 2115 as a male parent, planting the prepared hybrid seeds of each group respectively, and counting the germination vigor, the seedling rate, the purity and the smut infection rate of each group of hybrid seeds. The statistics of the relevant data for each group are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 light and simple seed production results of restorer and Zong 201S
As shown in Table 3, under the same conditions, the outcrossing maturing rate of 8W796 group is 2.92% higher than that of Yahui 2115 group, the yield of seed production is 7.42% higher than that of Yahui 2115 group, the germination rate and seedling rate of hybrid seeds produced by 8W796 group are respectively 2.25% higher and 4.1% higher than that of Yahui 2115 group, the purity of 8W796 group hybrid seeds is 1.25% higher than that of Yahui 2115 group, and the smut infection rate is 0.
Example 3
In the hybridization seed production of Malus spectabilis Bay in Hainan in 2019 in 1 month, a large-grain restoring line 8W796 is used as a male parent, zong 234S is used as a female parent, the male parent is adopted for seedling throwing according to the original sowing period of the male parent, the seed production mode of direct sowing of the female parent is adopted, the female parent is sowed with sprouted grain in 27 days in 1 month, 2.0 jin in each acre, the male parent is sowed in 10 days in 1 month, the sowing period is divided into one period every 4 days, the sowing period is divided into 2 periods, 500 holes are sowed in each acre, when the field is anhydrous (the 2 nd to 3 rd days), the weeding is carried out in a closed manner according to the weather, and then the field is kept anhydrous for more than 3 days at least; 30kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu to serve as base fertilizer, 30 jin of compound fertilizer is applied per mu to serve as top dressing after direct seeding and rehydration, a seedling frame keeps a medium level, the ear of a male parent and a female parent start at the same time in 22 days in 4 months, 15 g/mu of 'nine two O' are applied to the male parent and the female parent in 23 days in 4 months, breeze is not blown, artificial supplementary pollination is performed for 1 time in a windless state, the male parent is mature in 15 days in 5 months, the hybrid seeding maturation period of the tall and erect 234S and 8W796 is short in male parent occupied space, the proportion is small, and the seed production outcrossing maturing rate is high. Harvesting in 5 months and 15 days, mechanically screening under the conditions that the aperture of the sieve is 2.1mm wide and 20mm long, and smoothly separating the male parent seeds from the female parent seeds, wherein the female parent seeds are hybrid seeds.
While 8W796 is used as a male parent for seed production, a large-grain restorer line inspection date 780 is used as a male parent for a control experiment under the same condition. And (3) counting the outcrossing seed setting rate and the seed production yield of the group taking 8W796 as a male parent and the group taking Wanghui 780 as a male parent, planting the prepared hybrid seeds of each group respectively, and counting the germination vigor, the seedling rate, the purity and the smut infection rate of each group of hybrid seeds. The statistics of the relevant data for each group are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 light and simple seed production results of restorer line and Wanghui 780
As shown in Table 4, under the same conditions, the outcrossing seed set of 8W796 group is higher than that of Haohui 780 group by 2.64 percent, the seed production yield is higher than that of Haohui 780 group by 4.05 percent, the germination rate and seedling rate of hybrid seeds of 8W796 group are respectively higher than that of Haohui 780 group by 1.32 percent and 1.80 percent, the purity of hybrid seeds of 8W796 group is higher than that of Haohui 780 group by 1.40 percent, and the smut infection rate is 0.
Example 4
In the hybridization seed production of the Malus spectabilis bay in Hainan in 1 month in 2019, taking a large-grain type restoring line 8W796 as a male parent and a spread 998S as a female parent, adopting the male parent to throw seedlings according to the sowing initial period of the male parent, sowing the female parent in a seed production mode of direct seeding of the female parent, wherein the female parent is sowed in 27 days of sprout valley in 1 month, 2.0 jin in each mu, the male parent is sowed in 10 days in 1 month, the female parent is sowed in one period every 4 days, the sowing period is sowed in 2 days in total, 500 holes in each mu, and when the female parent is sowed and the field is anhydrous (the 2 th to 3 th days), weeding is sealed according to the weather, and then the field is kept anhydrous for more than 3 days at least; 30kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu to serve as base fertilizer, 30 jin of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu to serve as top dressing after direct seeding and rehydration, a seedling frame keeps in a medium level, the ear of the male parent and the female parent starts at the same time in 4 months and 22 days, the powder of the male parent and the female parent is applied to 15 grams per mu in a mixed mode in 4 months and 23 days, breeze is not driven, artificial supplementary pollination is performed for 1 time in a windless state, the male parent and the female parent are mature in 5 months and 15 days, the male parent and the female parent are spread for 998S and 8W796 in a mixed seeding mature period, the occupied space of the male parent is small, the proportion is small, and the outcrossing seed production rate is high. Harvesting in 5 months and 15 days, mechanically screening under the conditions of sieve pore diameter of 2.1mm wide and 20mm long, and separating male parent seeds and female parent seeds, namely hybrid seeds.
While 8W796 is used as male parent for seed production, the large-grain restorer line Hope Hui 091 is used as male parent for comparison experiment under the same condition. And (3) counting the outcrossing seed setting rate and the seed production yield of the group taking 8W796 as a male parent and the group taking Wanghui 091 as a male parent, planting the prepared hybrid seeds of each group respectively, and counting the germination vigor, the seedling rate, the purity and the smut infection rate of each group of hybrid seeds.
TABLE 5 light simple seed production results of restorer line and Wanghui 091
As shown in Table 5, under the same conditions, the outcrossing seed set rate of 8W796 group is 2.49% higher than that of hope-hui 091 group, the seed production yield is 6.93% higher than that of hope-hui 091 group, the germination rate and seedling rate of hybrid seeds of 8W796 group are respectively 2.21% and 1.76% higher than that of hope-hui 091 group, the purity of 8W796 group hybrid seeds is 1.23% higher than that of hope-hui 091 group, and the black powdery mildew infection rate is 0.
Example 5
In the hybridization seed production of Michelia hainanensis bay in 1 month in 2019, a large-grain type restoring line 8W796 is used as a male parent, longwang S is used as a female parent, the male parent is adopted for seedling throwing according to the sowing initial period of the male parent, the female parent is sowed in a seed production mode of direct seeding in a seed production mode that the female parent is sowed in 27 days in 1 month, the number of seeds is 2.0 jin per mu, the male parent is sowed in 10 days in 1 month, the seed is sowed in one period every 4 days, the seed is sowed in 2 periods in total, 500 holes are sowed in each mu, when the female parent is sowed in water-free field (2 th to 3 th days), weeding is carried out in a closed mode according to the weather, and then the water-free field is kept for at least more than 3 days; 30kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu to serve as base fertilizer, 30 jin of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu to serve as top dressing after direct seeding and rehydration, a seedling frame keeps in a medium level, the ear of the male parent and the female parent starts at the same time in 4 months and 22 days, the nine-two-O fertilizer is applied to the male parent and the female parent in 4 months and 23 days in a mixed mode, 15 g/mu is applied, breeze is achieved, the pollen is not driven, artificial supplementary pollination is carried out for 1 time in a windless state, the mature period is carried out in 5 months and 15 days, the Longwang S and 8W796 mixed seeding seed production are carried out in the mature period, the occupied space of the male parent is small, the proportion is small, and the seed production outcrossing rate is high. Harvesting in 5 months and 15 days, mechanically screening under the conditions that the aperture of the sieve is 2.1mm wide and 20mm long, and smoothly separating the male parent seeds from the female parent seeds, wherein the female parent seeds are hybrid seeds.
While 8W796 is used as a male parent for seed production, a large-grain restorer line inspection recovery 141 is used as a male parent for a control experiment under the same condition. And (3) counting the outcrossing seed setting rate and the seed production yield of the group taking 8W796 as a male parent and the group taking Wanghui 141 as a male parent, planting the prepared hybrid seeds of each group respectively, and counting the germination vigor, the seedling rate, the purity and the smut infection rate of the hybrid seeds of each group.
TABLE 6 light seed reduction results for restorer and Wanghui 141
As shown in Table 6, under the same conditions, the outcrossing seed set rate of 8W796 group is 1.65% higher than that of hope-for-141 group, the seed production yield is 3.61% higher than that of hope-for-141 group, the germination rate and seedling rate of hybrid seeds produced by 8W796 group are respectively 2.25% and 1.71% higher than that of hope-for-141 group, the purity of 8W796 group hybrid seeds is 1.36% higher than that of hope-for-141 group, and the smut infection rate is 0.
By comprehensively comparing the examples 2-6, the hybrid seeds prepared by using the tall and erect 201S as the female parent and the 8W796 as the male parent have the advantages of highest outcrossing seed set rate, highest seed production yield, highest seedling rate and highest germination potential. In combination, example 2 is the most preferred embodiment.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A breeding method of a rice large-grain restorer line is characterized in that,
hybridizing by taking Yanggao No. 6 as a female parent and R527 as a male parent to obtain a hybrid F1, planting F1 and hybridizing with Minhui 3301 as a male parent to obtain a compound hybrid F1', planting compound F1' to obtain an F2' generation, mixedly collecting and separating seeds with rice blast resistance and seed thickness of more than 2.2mm for the F2' generation to plant to obtain an F3' generation, separating seeds with single plant with rice blast resistance and seed thickness of more than 2.2mm for the F3' generation to plant to obtain an F4' generation, separating seeds with plant lines with rice blast resistance and seed thickness of more than 2.2mm for the F4' generation to plant, and directionally culturing for more than 5 generations to obtain more than F10' seeds which are the rice large-grain type restoring line; the thousand seed weight of the large-grain rice restorer line is 33 g-36 g, and the thickness of the seeds is more than 2.2 mm;
the directional cultivation comprises the following steps:
carrying out stress selection on generations from the F5' generation alternately under the conditions of high temperature and low temperature, sampling seeds of strains of the generations subjected to the stress selection, carrying out rice quality determination, and selecting strains with good rice quality;
the high temperature condition is that the average temperature is above 32 ℃ for 5 continuous days or the maximum temperature is above 37.5 ℃ for 5 continuous days in the booting stage and the heading stage;
the low temperature condition is that the average temperature is below 21 ℃ for 3 consecutive days or the lowest temperature is below 18 ℃ for 3 consecutive days in the booting stage and the heading stage.
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