CN112506265A - Light calculation device and calculation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
An optical computing device and computing method, in the present application, a first layer waveguide array may receive a first set of optical signals. The second layer waveguide array is located on a different plane from the first layer waveguide array, the second layer waveguide array receives the first group of optical signals from the first layer waveguide array based on a waveguide coupling principle, and the modulator array can modulate the first group of optical signals transmitted by the second layer waveguide array based on the second group of data and output a plurality of second optical signals. The modulator array modulates the first set of optical signals based on the second set of data, and then the beam combining waveguide array converges the plurality of second optical signals. Compared with a light splitting mode adopting a light splitter, the second-layer waveguide array can receive the first group of optical signals from the first-layer waveguide array in a lossless manner based on the waveguide coupling principle among the waveguides, excessive noise cannot be introduced into the first group of optical signals, and the accuracy of multiply-accumulate calculation realized by using the optical signals is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an optical computing apparatus and an optical computing method.
Background
With the rapid development of the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the rapid increase of data volume, various deep learning algorithms are widely applied in the fields of image processing, voice recognition, radar signal processing, coherent light communication, and the like. The multiply-accumulate calculation is the basic operation of various deep learning algorithms. At present, the calculation result can be obtained by utilizing the optical signal to realize the multiply-accumulate operation, and the method for realizing the multiply-accumulate operation through the optical principle has the advantages of ultra-wide calculation bandwidth and low energy consumption, and accelerates the calculation rate of the multiply-accumulate operation to a certain extent.
Among a plurality of optical computing devices using optical signals to realize multiply-accumulate, an on-chip integrated optical computing device attracts much attention, and the on-chip integrated optical computing device can realize chip-level integration of each functional module, thereby improving the system stability, reducing the device size, and also reducing the energy consumption ratio of the device.
However, the current on-chip integrated optical computing device has certain limitations, and for example, a cross array (crossbar) optical multiply-add device is taken as an example, and an optical signal is input into the crossbar array, the crossbar array comprises a waveguide arranged transversely and a waveguide arranged longitudinally, and a beam splitter is arranged at the intersection of the waveguide arranged transversely and the waveguide arranged longitudinally. The optical signal of the crossbar can be transmitted through the waveguides arranged longitudinally, the beam splitter splits the optical signal transmitted in the waveguides arranged longitudinally, and the optical signal generated by splitting enters the modulator to be modulated, so that multiplication operation is realized. The modulator couples the optical signal after the multiplication operation into the waveguide arranged transversely. Each waveguide arranged transversely can collect each optical signal subjected to multiplication operation to complete addition operation.
In the crossbar optical multiply-add device, the waveguides arranged transversely and the waveguides arranged longitudinally are crossed, crosstalk exists in signals between the waveguides, noise is easily introduced into the optical signals after light splitting, and the accuracy of multiply-add operation is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an optical computing device and an optical computing method, which are used for reducing noise introduced in the process of realizing multiply-accumulate calculation by using optical signals and improving the accuracy of multiply-accumulate calculation.
In a first aspect, the present application provides an optical computing device that includes a first layer of waveguide arrays, a second layer of waveguide arrays, a modulator array, and a beam combining waveguide array.
In the optical computing device, a first layer waveguide array may receive the first set of optical signals, the first set of optical signals including a plurality of optical signals indicative of a first set of data, the first layer waveguide array including a plurality of first waveguides, each first waveguide may transmit one of the first set of optical signals. The second layer waveguide array may receive the first group of optical signals from the first layer waveguide array based on the waveguide coupling principle, and the number of the first group of optical signals received by the second layer waveguide array from the first layer waveguide array based on the waveguide coupling principle is not limited herein, and may receive one first group of optical signals or may receive a plurality of first group of optical signals.
The modulator array may modulate a first set of optical signals transmitted by the second layer of waveguide array based on a second set of data, outputting a plurality of second optical signals. If a plurality of first groups of optical signals are transmitted in the second layer waveguide array, the modulator array may modulate the plurality of first groups of optical signals based on a plurality of second groups of data, and specifically, the modulator array modulates one first group of optical signals based on one second group of data.
The beam combining waveguide array can converge a plurality of second optical signals output by the modulator array, and converge the plurality of second optical signals into optical signals with a short distance.
In the device provided by the application, the second layer waveguide array can receive the first group of optical signals from the first layer waveguide array based on the waveguide coupling principle, and the light splitting effect is realized. Compared with a mode of splitting light by adopting a light splitter, the second-layer waveguide array can receive the first group of optical signals from the first-layer waveguide array in a lossless manner based on the waveguide coupling principle among waveguides, excessive noise cannot be introduced into the first group of optical signals, and the accuracy of multiplication and accumulation calculation realized by the optical signals is improved.
In one possible design, the thickness of the plurality of first waveguides in the first region is smaller than the thickness of the plurality of first waveguides in other regions except the first region, and the plurality of first waveguides overlap with the plurality of second waveguides in the first region, that is, an overlapping region exists between the first waveguides and the second waveguides, and the overlapping region is the first region.
In the device provided by the application, the thickness of the plurality of first waveguides in the overlapping region is reduced, so that the first group of optical signals transmitted on the plurality of first waveguides can be coupled to the plurality of second waveguides, and a light splitting effect is achieved.
In one possible design, the array of beam combining waveguides includes a plurality of layers of beam waveguides, each layer of beam waveguides configured to converge a portion of the plurality of second optical signals.
In the device provided by the application, the beam combination waveguide array adopts a layered design mode, and the plurality of second optical signals can be converged by using the plurality of layers of beam combination waveguides, so that the plurality of second optical signals are converged into a plurality of second optical signals which are relatively close to each other, and the number of the second optical signals which can be converged can be increased by the layered design mode.
In one possible design, each layer of beam waveguides includes a plurality of superlattice waveguides. In view of the fact that the distance between the plurality of superlattice waveguides can reach the sub-wavelength size, the structure is compact, that is, each layer of beam waveguide can include a large number of superlattice waveguides, so that a large number of second optical signals can be converged, and the number of the second optical signals capable of being converged is increased.
In a possible design, the optical computing device further includes a detector array, the detector array may detect a plurality of second optical signals converged by the beam combining waveguide array, and the detector array may convert the plurality of second optical signals into electrical signals, implement accumulation of the signals, and detect the intensity of the optical signals.
In one possible design, the modulator array includes a plurality of modulators, the plurality of modulators including at least one of: lithium niobate thin film modulator, semiconductor optical amplifier, thermal modulator, MZI. The modulator array can comprise a plurality of modulators of the same type, and can also comprise a plurality of modulators of different types, and the mode of constructing the modulator array is more flexible.
In a possible design, the optical computing device may further include a light source module, where the light source module may generate a first set of optical signals, and the light source module may conveniently and rapidly generate the first set of optical signals, so as to implement the multiply-add operation based on the first set of optical signals.
In one possible design, the light source module includes a plurality of lasers, each for generating a first optical signal. The generation of each first optical signal may be independently controlled, generated by one laser.
In a possible design, the light source module includes a laser and optical splitter, and the laser can produce original light signal, and the optical splitter can be divided into a plurality of first light signals to original light signal, can be so that original light signal divide into a plurality of first light signals through laser and optical splitter cooperation, and light source module structure is simple relatively, reduces and builds the degree of difficulty.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a calculation method, and beneficial effects may refer to related descriptions of the first aspect, which are not described herein again. The method is performed by an optical computing device that includes a first layer of waveguide arrays, a second layer of waveguide arrays, a modulator array, and a beam combining waveguide array.
The first layer waveguide array may receive a first set of optical signals comprising a plurality of optical signals indicative of a first set of data, wherein the first layer waveguide array comprises a plurality of first waveguides; the second layer waveguide array and the first layer waveguide array are located on different planes, the second layer waveguide array comprises a plurality of second waveguides, and can receive a first group of optical signals from the first layer waveguide array based on the waveguide coupling principle, wherein the second layer waveguide array and the first layer waveguide array are located on different planes; then, the modulator array modulates the first group of optical signals of the plurality of second waveguides based on the second group of data and outputs a plurality of second optical signals; the beam combining waveguide array can converge the plurality of second optical signals.
In one possible design, the thickness of the plurality of first waveguides in the first region is smaller than the thickness of the plurality of first waveguides in regions other than the first region, and the plurality of first waveguides overlap the plurality of second waveguides in the first region.
In one possible design, the array of beam combining waveguides includes a plurality of layers of beam waveguides, each layer of beam waveguides configured to converge a portion of the plurality of second optical signals.
In one possible design, each layer of beam waveguides includes a plurality of superlattice waveguides.
In one possible design, after the second optical signals are converged by the beam-combining waveguide array, the detector array may detect the second optical signals converged by the beam-combining waveguide array.
In one possible design, the first set of optical signals may be generated by an optical source module.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a computing system that may include a processor and a light computing device as in the first aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
The processor may send data to be subjected to multiply-add operations to the optical computing device. Specifically, the data to be subjected to the multiply-add operation includes a first group of data and a second group of data. The optical computing device receives the data to be subjected to the multiply-add operation, generates a first group of optical signals used for indicating the first group of data, and modulates the first group of optical signals based on the second group of data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a light computing device according to the present application;
fig. 2A to 2B are schematic structural diagrams of a light source module provided in the present application;
fig. 3A is a schematic structural diagram of a two-layer optical splitter waveguide array provided in the present application;
fig. 3B is a schematic structural diagram of a first-layer waveguide array provided in the present application;
fig. 3C is a schematic structural diagram of a second-layer waveguide array provided in the present application;
FIG. 3D is a top view of a first waveguide and a second waveguide provided herein;
FIG. 3E is a side view of a first waveguide and a second waveguide provided herein;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a modulator array according to the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a beam combining waveguide array provided in the present application;
FIGS. 6A-6B are schematic views of scanning of an optical computing device according to the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a calculation method provided herein;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a computing system provided in the present application.
Detailed Description
Before describing the optical calculation device and the calculation method provided in the embodiments of the present application, the multiply-add operation will be described.
The multiply-add operation can be integrated into a matrix multiply operation, which is as follows:
B＝A*C
namely:
b, A, C are all matrices, C may be referred to as input matrix, each element in C is an input vector, a may be referred to as action matrix, B may be referred to as output matrix, and each element in B may be an output vector. According to the multiplication operation of the matrix, each output vector is the calculation result of the multiplication and addition operation of a row of elements in the action matrix and each input vector.
In the optical multiply-add operation, an input vector may correspond to an optical signal (in the embodiment of the present application, the optical signal may be one of the first group of optical signals), a multiplication operation of the input vector and one element of the action matrix may be performed by using modulation of the optical signal (in the embodiment of the present application, modulation of one of the first group of optical signals may be understood as modulation intensity or modulation degree of intensity of the optical signal, and one element of the action matrix may be understood as modulation degree of intensity), a result of a multiplication operation of the input vector and one element of the action matrix may be characterized by one modulated optical signal (in the embodiment of the present application, one second optical signal output by the modulator array), a result of a multiplication operation of the input vector and one row of elements of the action matrix may be characterized by a plurality of modulated optical signals (in the embodiment of the present application, can be characterized by a plurality of second optical signals output by the modulator array), the calculation result of performing the multiply-add operation on one row of elements in the action matrix and each input vector can be obtained by combining the modulated plurality of optical signals, that is, the optical signal after combining the modulated output optical signals can represent the calculation result of the multiply-add operation (in the embodiment of the present application, the calculation result of performing the multiply-add operation on the optical signal after combining the plurality of second optical signals can be used for representing the calculation result of the multiply-add operation).
As shown in fig. 1, for a light computing device provided in the embodiments of the present application, the light computing device 10 includes a dual-layer splitting waveguide array 200, a modulator array 300, and a combining waveguide array 400, and optionally, may further include a light source module 100 and a detector array 500.
The light source module 100 is capable of generating an optical signal, and for convenience of description, the optical signal output by the light source module 100 is referred to as a first optical signal. The light source module 100 may generate a plurality of first light signals, and the number of the first light signals is not limited herein. The number of the first optical signals is related to the scale of the multiply-add operation to be implemented, and the number of the plurality of first optical signals may be equal to the number of input vectors in the multiply-add operation, and the plurality of first optical signals form a first group of optical signals.
The dual-layer optical splitter waveguide array 200 is capable of receiving the plurality of first optical signals output by the light source module 100 and duplicating each of the first optical signals into a plurality of first optical signals. The dual-layer optical splitter waveguide array 200 may replicate the received first set of optical signals into a plurality of first set of optical signals, and the intensity of a first optical signal of the received first set of optical signals may be different from the intensity of a first optical signal of the replicated plurality of first set of optical signals. For example, a light messageThe signals being replicated into a plurality of optical signals ci，ciMay be less than CiWherein i is a positive integer not greater than n.
Specifically, in the two-layer optical splitter waveguide array 200, the two-layer optical splitter waveguide array 200 includes a first layer waveguide array 210 and a second layer waveguide array 220. The first layer waveguide array 210 is connected to the light source module 100, and is capable of receiving a plurality of first optical signals output by the light source module 100. The second layer of waveguide arrays 220 is located in a different plane than the first layer of waveguide arrays 210, and the second layer of waveguide arrays 220 is capable of receiving a first set of optical signals from the first waveguide arrays. For each first optical signal in the first set of optical signals, the second waveguide array 220 may split the first optical signal into a plurality of first optical signals, that is, the second waveguide array 220 may receive the first optical signal and output a plurality of sets of first optical signals.
The modulator array 300 is located behind the second layer waveguide array 220 and is capable of modulating a first set of optical signals output by the second layer waveguide array 220 to change the intensity of the first set of optical signals. Taking a first set of optical signals output by the second layer waveguide array 220 as an example, the modulator array may modulate (implement multiplication) the first set of optical signals based on a second set of data to output a second set of optical signals, where the second set of optical signals includes a plurality of second optical signals. The degree of modulation of the first set of optical signals by the modulator array 300 is determined based on a second set of data indicative of data to be calculated, which may be a row of elements in an action matrix in a multiply-add operation, since the optical computing arrangement is used to implement the multiply-add operation.
The beam combining waveguide array 400 can converge a second group of optical signals output by the modulator array, and converge the second group of optical signals into a plurality of second optical signals which are closer, so that the second group of optical signals can be conveniently detected or scanned by using the second group of optical signals.
The detector array 500 is configured to detect the intensity of the optical signal obtained by combining the second group of optical signals output by the beam combining waveguide array, in the detector array 500, when the second group of optical signals reaches the detector array 500, the second group of optical signals is converted into an electrical signal, that is, a plurality of second optical signals are converted into an electrical signal, so as to implement combination (implement addition operation) and photoelectric conversion of the plurality of second optical signals, and the detector array 500 may detect the intensity of the electrical signal, so as to determine the result of the multiplication and addition operation.
In the embodiment of the present application, the optical computing apparatus does not introduce a beam splitter, but uses the coupling principle between waveguides to split the optical signal into a plurality of first optical signals. By adopting the light splitting mode, the noise carried in the split first optical signal can be greatly reduced, and the accuracy of multiply-add operation can be ensured.
The following describes each component of the optical computing device provided in the embodiments of the present application with reference to the drawings.
(1) And a light source module 100.
The light source module 100 in the embodiment of the present application is capable of outputting a plurality of first optical signals so as to input the plurality of first optical signals to the first layer waveguide array 210 of the two-layer optical splitter waveguide array 200.
There are many ways for the light source module 100 to generate the plurality of first optical signals, and ways for the light source modules 100 with different structures to generate the plurality of first optical signals are also different, and two light source modules 100 provided in the embodiments of the present application are described below:
first, as shown in fig. 2A, the light source module 100 includes a laser array 110 composed of a plurality of lasers 111 and a first modulator array 120. The first modulator array 120 includes a plurality of modulators 121, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the type of the modulators 121, and the modulators 121 may be semiconductor laser amplifiers, lithium niobate modulators, metal heating modulators, or phase change material modulators, for example. Any device capable of modulating an optical signal may be used as the modulator 121 to form the first modulator array 120.
In the light source module 100 shown in fig. 2A, each laser 111 can generate an original light signal, and one modulator 121 in the first modulator array 120 can modulate the original light signal generated by one laser 111 to output one first light signal. The plurality of modulators 121 in the first modulator array 120 can modulate the plurality of lasers 111 to generate a plurality of original optical signals, and output a plurality of first optical signals.
The modulation process of the original optical signal by the first modulator array 120 is a process of loading information in the original optical signal, so that the generated first optical signal can indicate an input vector participating in the multiply-add operation.
Second, as shown in fig. 2B, which is a schematic structural diagram of another light source module 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application, the light source module 100 includes a laser 130, a beam splitter 140, and a second modulator array 150. The second modulator array 150 includes a plurality of modulators 151, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the type of the modulators 151, and the type of the modulators 151 may refer to the description of the modulator 121, which is not described herein again.
The laser 130 can generate an original optical signal, the optical splitter 140 can split the original optical signal uniformly to output a plurality of optical signals with the same optical intensity, and one modulator 151 in the second modulator array 150 can modulate one optical signal output by the optical splitter 140 to output a first optical signal. The plurality of modulators 151 in the second modulator array 150 modulate the plurality of identical optical signals output from the optical splitter 140, and output a plurality of first optical signals.
The modulation process of the plurality of identical optical signals by the second modulator array 150 is a process of loading information in the plurality of identical optical signals, so that the generated first optical signal can indicate an input vector participating in the multiply-add operation.
It should be noted that the above two structures of the light source module 100 are only examples, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit the components included in the light source module 100, and all modules capable of generating a plurality of first optical signals are suitable for the embodiments of the present application.
(2) Double-layer light splitting waveguide array 200
The dual-layer optical splitter waveguide array 200 is used for splitting a plurality of first optical signals, and unlike an optical splitter, the dual-layer optical splitter array includes two layers of waveguide arrays, which are a first layer waveguide array 210 and a second layer waveguide array 220, respectively, for convenience of description. When the dual-layer optical splitter waveguide array 200 transmits the plurality of first optical signals, there is a coupling effect between waveguides of waveguide arrays of different layers, and based on a coupling principle between waveguides (which may also be referred to as a waveguide coupling principle for short), optical splitting of the plurality of first optical signals is implemented, and each first optical signal may be divided into a plurality of second optical signals.
The coupling principle between the waveguides means that when the effective refractive indexes of the fundamental modes in two waveguides close to each other are equal or approximately matched, the optical energy in the two waveguides generate mutual coupling action, the optical energy in one waveguide can be transferred into the other waveguide, that is, the optical signal in one optical waveguide can be transferred into the other waveguide, so as to achieve the effect of light splitting. By controlling the interaction region between the two waveguides (i.e., the portion of the two waveguides that overlap), the relative phase of the two waveguides can be varied (such that the relative phase varies between 0-2 π), and different degrees of coupling can be achieved between the two waveguides, i.e., varying the amount of light energy that is transferred from one waveguide to the other waveguide (which can also be understood as the degree of light intensity transferred to the other waveguide).
The structure of the two-layer optical splitter waveguide array 200 is explained below:
as shown in fig. 3A, a schematic structural diagram of a dual-layer optical splitter waveguide array 200 according to an embodiment of the present application is provided, where the dual-layer optical splitter waveguide array 200 includes a first-layer waveguide array 210 and a second-layer waveguide array 220.
In the embodiment of the present application, the first waveguide array 210 is used to transmit the plurality of first optical signals output by the optical source module 100, and the second waveguide array 220 is adjacent to the first waveguide array 210. For any first optical signal, the second-layer waveguide array 220 can change the transmission direction of the first optical signal transmitted in the first-layer waveguide array 210 by using the coupling principle between waveguides, so as to couple a part of the first optical signal into the second-layer waveguide array 220, where the part of the second-layer waveguide array 220 coupled out from the first optical signal is only different from the first optical signal in optical intensity, which can also be understood as that the second-layer waveguide array 220 couples out the first optical signal from the first optical signal. The second layer waveguide array 220 may couple one first optical signal multiple times to obtain multiple first optical signals.
Referring to fig. 3A, the first layer of waveguide arrays 210 and the second layer of waveguide arrays 220 are not in the same plane. For example, the first layer of waveguide array 210 and the second layer of waveguide array 220 may be located in two parallel planes, respectively, and there is an overlapping region between the first layer of waveguide array 210 and the second layer of waveguide array 220, that is, there is an overlapping portion between projections of the first layer of waveguide array 210 and the second layer of waveguide array 220 in parallel to the two planes, and the overlapping portion corresponds to the overlapping region between the first layer of waveguide array 210 and the second layer of waveguide array 220. The overlap region may also be understood as the region of overlap between the first layer of waveguide arrays 210 and the second layer of waveguide arrays.
The overlapping region of the first-layer waveguide array 210 and the second-layer waveguide array 220 enables a portion of a first optical signal transmitted in the first-layer waveguide array 210 to be transferred from the first-layer waveguide array 210 to the second-layer waveguide array 220 (i.e., a coupling principle between waveguides) when the first optical signal passes through the overlapping region of the first-layer waveguide array 210 and the second-layer waveguide array 220.
In order to ensure that the first optical signal transmitted in the first layer waveguide array 210 can pass through the overlapping region, the constraint of the first layer waveguide array 210 on the first optical signal is reduced, so that a part of the first optical signal can be smoothly transmitted from the first layer waveguide array 210 to the second layer waveguide array 220, the thickness of the first layer waveguide array 210 in the overlapping region can be reduced, that is, the thickness of the first layer waveguide array 210 in different regions is different, and the thickness D in the overlapping region is smaller than the thickness D in other regions.
The first optical signal dropped from the first optical signal propagating in the first waveguide array 210 substantially reduces the intensity of the first optical signal in the first waveguide array 210, and the optical signal C in the first waveguide array 210iAnd optical signal c in the second layer waveguide array 220iThe following relationship exists between the intensities of:
Ci＝Sci
wherein S is the splitting intensity, and S is related to the coupling coefficient of the overlapping region, and the coupling coefficient can be configured through the structural design and the angle of the upper and lower layer waveguides.
A first optical signal for transmission in the first-layer waveguide array 210 may be split into m first optical signals. For a plurality of first optical signals transmitted in the first-layer waveguide array 210, each first optical signal may be divided into m first optical signals, and m second optical signals generated after each first optical signal is divided may constitute m first groups of optical signals, each group of optical signals including a plurality of first optical signals, each first group of optical signals being { c } c1、c2、c3、…、cn}。
In the following description of the structure of each layer of waveguide array, as shown in fig. 3B, for a schematic structural diagram of a first layer of waveguide array 210 provided in the embodiment of the present application, the first layer of waveguide array 210 includes a plurality of first waveguides 211, and each first waveguide 211 is used for transmitting a first optical signal.
The thickness distribution of the first waveguide 211 is not uniform, the thickness D of the first waveguide 211 in the overlapping region between the first layer waveguide array 210 and the second layer waveguide array 220 is small, and the thickness D of the first waveguide 211 in the other region is large, that is, the thickness of the first waveguide 211 in the overlapping region D between the first layer waveguide array 210 and the second layer waveguide array 220 is smaller than the thickness D of the first waveguide in the other region.
As shown in fig. 3C, which is a schematic structural diagram of the second-layer waveguide array 220 provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the second-layer waveguide array 220 includes a plurality of sets of second waveguides 221, each set of second waveguides 221 includes a plurality of second waveguides 221, an overlapping region exists between one set of second waveguides 221 and each first waveguide 211 in the first-layer waveguide array 210, and the set of second waveguides 221 can split the first optical signal transmitted in the plurality of first waveguides 211 and output a first set of optical signals.
The positional relationship between the first-layer waveguide array 210 and the second-layer waveguide array will be described below by taking one first waveguide 211 and one second waveguide 221 as examples.
As shown in fig. 3D, it is a top view of the first waveguide 211 and the second waveguide 221, that is, a schematic diagram of the first waveguide 211 and the second waveguide 221 in a direction perpendicular to a plane in which the first layer waveguide array 210 and the second layer waveguide array 220 are located.
As can be seen from fig. 3D, there is an angle between the first waveguide 211 and the second waveguide 221, and there is an overlapping region. The first waveguide 211 and the second waveguide 221 are abstracted as spatial straight lines, and the straight line corresponding to the first waveguide 211 and the straight line corresponding to the second waveguide 221 are non-coplanar straight lines.
As shown in fig. 3E, the first waveguide 211 and the second waveguide 221 are side views, and the first waveguide 211 and the second waveguide 221 are side views in the thickness direction. As can be seen from fig. 3E, the first waveguide 211 and the second waveguide 221 are located in two parallel planes, and an insulating medium, which may be silicon dioxide (SiO), may be filled between the first waveguide 211 and the second waveguide 2212) In this embodiment, the growth mode of the silicon dioxide is not limited, the thickness distribution of the first waveguide 211 is not uniform, the thickness of the overlapping region is smaller, and the thickness of the other region is larger, so that such a structure is favorable for part of the first optical signal transmitted in the first waveguide 211 to be coupled to the second waveguide 221 to form the second optical signal.
In the embodiment of the present application, the optical splitting of the first optical signal is implemented by using the coupling principle between the waveguides, so that a part of the first optical signal can be coupled to the second waveguide 221 without loss, the loss of the optical signal caused by the optical splitting can be greatly reduced, and the accuracy of the multiply-add operation is ensured.
(3) A modulator array 300.
In the embodiment of the present application, the modulator array 300 can modulate the intensities of the plurality of first optical signals to generate a plurality of second optical signals, thereby implementing multiplication. Illustratively, the modulator array 300 is capable of modulating a plurality of first optical signals output from the second layer waveguide array 220 and outputting a plurality of second optical signals, each of which includes a plurality of second optical signals.
As shown in fig. 4, the modulator array 300 may include a plurality of modulators 310, each modulator 310 being capable of modulating one first optical signal, and the number of modulators 310 may be the same as the number of first optical signals.
For example, the modulator 310 may be disposed on each second waveguide 221 in the second layer waveguide array 220 to ensure that the second optical signal transmitted on the second waveguide 221 can be modulated.
The embodiment of the present application does not limit the type of the modulator 310, and the modulator 310 may be part or all of the following: lithium niobate thin film modulators, semiconductor optical amplifiers, thermal modulators, Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). The modulator array 300 may be comprised of the same type of modulator 310 or may include different types of modulators 310.
The plurality of modulators 310 included in the modulator array 300 may be divided into groups of modulators, each group of modulators may modulate a first group of optical signals { c1, c2, c3, …, cn } transmitted in the second layer waveguide array 220, the group of modulators having a modulation factor of [ t ] for the first group of optical signalsi1,ti2,ti3,…,tin]. Assuming that the optical coupling efficiency between the set of modulators and the second layer waveguide array 220 is k, the set of third optical signals outputted from the set of modulators after the set of second optical signals passes through the set of modulators is k [ c ]1ti1,c2ti2,c3ti3,…,cntin]. Modulation factor ti1,ti2,ti3,…,tin]The product of the optical coupling efficiency k is determined by a row of elements in the action matrix. That is, the product of the matrix of modulation coefficients of the individual modulations of the modulator array and the optical coupling efficiency k is determined based on the action matrix.
(4) Bundled waveguide array 400
The combining waveguide array 400 can converge a plurality of second optical signals, such as a second group of optical signals output by each group of modulators, and the combining waveguide array 400 can converge the second optical signals in the second group of optical signals, so that the plurality of second optical signals are closer.
In practical applications, the total number of the optical signals of the plurality of second groups of optical signals output by the modulator array is large, so that the plurality of second groups of optical signals can be converged, and the beam combining waveguide array 400 may also adopt a layered structure.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a combining waveguide array 400 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, where the combining waveguide array 400 includes a plurality of layers of beam waveguides. Each layer of beam waveguides is capable of converging optical signals in the one or more second optical signals output by the modulator array.
Each layer of beam waveguide can be a superlattice waveguide, the superlattice waveguide can be realized through large-scale photoetching, the preparation method is the same as that of a common waveguide, the spacing distance between the superlattice waveguides is the sub-wavelength scale, the structure is compact, and the number density of the integrated superlattice waveguides can be increased extremely.
(5) Detector array 500
The detector array 500 is used to detect the optical signals of the plurality of second groups of optical signals output by the beam combining waveguide array 400, and the detector array 500 may include a plurality of detectors, which are not limited to the type of the detector, and may be a germanium detector (Ge), a silicon detector (Si), and an indium gallium arsenide detector (InGaAs). The embodiment of the present application does not limit the deployment manner of the plurality of detectors, and only needs to ensure that the detection surfaces of the plurality of detectors can be coupled with the output end surfaces of the beam combining waveguide array 400, and can detect all the optical signals output by the beam combining waveguide array 400.
The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific form of the optical computing apparatus, and for example, the optical computing apparatus may be configured on a chip by integrating each component of the optical computing apparatus.
In the above description, the detector array 500 is disposed in the optical computing apparatus to be able to detect the total intensity of the optical information of the plurality of second optical signals, and in the case where the detector array 500 is not disposed in the optical computing apparatus, by changing the action matrix, different multiply-add operations are implemented to generate the second optical signals with different transmission directions, which can be applied in the light beam scanning scene.
In a light beam scanning scenario, the plurality of second group optical signals that need to be finally generated can cover a larger angle, and the first optical signal generated in the light source module 100 may be a plurality of optical signals with the same wavelength (i.e., optical signals with a single wavelength), or may be optical signals with different wavelengths (i.e., optical signals with multiple wavelengths).
The first optical signals output by the light source module 100 pass through the double-layer optical splitting waveguide array 200 to output a first group of optical signals, the intensity modulation is realized through the modulator array 300, the beam combining waveguide array 400 converges, and the output second group of optical signals can interfere in a far field space after being emitted. By adjusting the intensity of the intensity modulation of the modulator array 300 on the plurality of first group optical signals, the plurality of second group optical signals can interfere in a far-field space to form a phased array, and the main lobe (the largest beam is the main lobe) of the phased array can be used to implement scanning in space.
As shown in fig. 6A, when the light source module 100 in the computing device outputs a single-wavelength light signal, a main lobe can be formed in the phased array, so as to implement spatial scanning.
As shown in fig. 6B, when the light source module 100 in the computing apparatus outputs optical signals of a plurality of wavelengths, the combined optical signal also includes optical signals of a plurality of wavelengths. For optical signals with any wavelength, the optical signals after the optical signals with the wavelength are combined interfere in a remote space to form a corresponding phased array, because signals with various wavelengths exist, a plurality of phased arrays can be formed, and the main lobe in each phased array can be used for realizing scanning in space.
In the light beam scanning scene, the light computing device comprises the double-layer beam splitting waveguide and the beam combining waveguide array 400 formed by the multiple layers of beam combining waveguides, so that a sufficient number of second light signals can be generated, and a phased array can be formed to realize space scanning. In addition, because the optical computing device is provided with the modulator array, the modulation of the optical signals can be independently completed, and the on-chip control of the phase of the optical signals output by each unit of the integrated large-scale phased array antenna is facilitated.
In order to make the description of the scheme clearer, the workflow of the optical computing apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention will be generally described below with reference to the foregoing embodiments, by taking the optical computing apparatus shown in fig. 1 and the computing method shown in fig. 7 as examples. In an embodiment of the present application, the light source module 100 generates a first set of light signals (1), wherein the first set of light signals comprises a plurality of light signals indicative of a first set of data; the light source module 100 transmits the first set of optical signals (2), and the first layer waveguide array 210 can receive the first set of optical signals (3) generated by the light source module 100, wherein the first layer waveguide array 210 includes a plurality of first waveguides; the second layer of waveguide arrays 220 is in a different plane than the first layer of waveguide arrays 210; the first layer waveguide array 210 transmits the first set of optical signals (4), the second layer waveguide array 220 comprises a plurality of second waveguides, and can receive the first set of optical signals (5) from the first layer waveguide array 210 based on the waveguide coupling principle, wherein the second layer waveguide array 220 and the first layer waveguide array 210 are located on different planes, and the second layer waveguide array transmits the first set of optical signals (6); then, the modulator array 300 modulates the first set of optical signals transmitted by the second layer waveguide array based on the second set of data, and outputs a plurality of second optical signals (7); the modulator array 300 transmits the plurality of second optical signals to the beam combining waveguide array 400 (8). The beam combining waveguide array 400 may converge (9) the plurality of second optical signals.
As a possible embodiment, the thickness of the plurality of first waveguides in the first region is smaller than the thickness of the plurality of first waveguides in the other region except the first region, and the plurality of first waveguides overlap the plurality of second waveguides in the first region.
As a possible implementation, the beam combining waveguide array includes a plurality of layers of beam waveguides, and each layer of beam waveguides can converge a part of the plurality of second optical signals.
As one possible implementation, each layer of bundle waveguides may include a plurality of superlattice waveguides.
As a possible implementation, after the combining waveguide array 400 converges the plurality of second optical signals, the detector array 500 may detect the plurality of second optical signals converged by the combining waveguide array 400.
As shown in fig. 8, a computing system 30 provided for embodiments of the present application, the computing system 30 includes an optical computing device 10 and a processor 20. The structure of the light computing device 10 can be seen in the light computing device shown in FIG. 1.
The processor 20 is connected to the optical computing device 10, and the processor 20 may transmit data to be subjected to multiply-add operation to the optical computing device 10 to instruct the optical computing device 10 to perform calculation on the received data. The data to be subjected to multiply-add operation comprises a first group of data and a second group of data.
After receiving the data to be subjected to multiply-add operation, the optical computing device may generate a first set of optical signals indicating the first set of data, and may further modulate the first set of optical signals based on the second set of data.
It should be noted that the examples provided in this application are only illustrative. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the description of the various embodiments has been focused on, and for parts of one embodiment that are not described in detail, reference may be made to the description of other embodiments. The features disclosed in the embodiments of the invention, in the claims and in the drawings may be present independently or in combination. Features described in hardware in embodiments of the invention may be implemented by software and vice versa. And are not limited herein.
Claims (15)
1. A light computing device, comprising:
a first layer waveguide array comprising a plurality of first waveguides for receiving a first set of optical signals, wherein the first set of optical signals comprises a plurality of optical signals for indicating a first set of data;
a second layer waveguide array located in a different plane from the first layer waveguide array, including a plurality of second waveguides for receiving the first set of optical signals from the first layer waveguide array based on a waveguide coupling principle;
a modulator array for modulating the first set of optical signals transmitted by the second layer waveguide array based on a second set of data, and outputting a plurality of second optical signals;
and the beam combining waveguide array is used for converging the plurality of second optical signals.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the plurality of first waveguides in a first region is less than a thickness of the plurality of first waveguides in regions other than the first region, the plurality of first waveguides overlapping the plurality of second waveguides in the first region.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the array of beam combining waveguides comprises a plurality of layers of beam waveguides, each layer of beam waveguides configured to converge a portion of the plurality of second optical signals.
4. The device of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein each layer of bundle waveguides comprises a plurality of superlattice waveguides.
5. The apparatus of any of claims 1-4, wherein the light computing apparatus further comprises a detector array for detecting the plurality of second light signals converged by the beam combining waveguide array.
6. The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the modulator array comprises a plurality of modulators, the plurality of modulators comprising at least one of:
a lithium niobate thin film modulator, a semiconductor optical amplifier, a thermal modulator and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer MZI.
7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the device further comprises a light source module;
the light source module is used for generating the first group of optical signals.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the light source module comprises a plurality of lasers, each laser for generating one of the first optical signals.
9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the optical source module comprises a laser and an optical splitter, the laser configured to generate a primary optical signal, the optical splitter configured to split the primary optical signal to generate a plurality of the first optical signals.
10. A method of computing, the method comprising:
a first layer waveguide array receiving a first set of optical signals, the first set of optical signals including a plurality of optical signals indicative of a first set of data, the first waveguide array including a plurality of first waveguides;
a second layer waveguide array receiving the first set of optical signals from the first layer waveguide array based on waveguide coupling principles, wherein the second waveguide array comprises a plurality of second waveguides, the second layer waveguide array being located in a different plane than the first layer waveguide array;
the modulator array modulates the first set of optical signals transmitted by the second layer waveguide array based on a second set of data and outputs a plurality of second optical signals;
the beam combining waveguide array converges the plurality of second optical signals.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein a thickness of the plurality of first waveguides in a first region is less than a thickness of the plurality of first waveguides in regions other than the first region, the plurality of first waveguides overlapping the plurality of second waveguides in the first region.
12. The method of claim 10 or 11, wherein the array of beam combining waveguides comprises a plurality of layers of beam waveguides, each layer of beam waveguides for converging a portion of the plurality of second optical signals.
13. The method of any of claims 10 to 12, wherein each layer of bundle waveguides comprises a plurality of superlattice waveguides.
14. The method of any of claims 10 to 13, wherein after the converging the plurality of second optical signals, the combining waveguide array further comprises:
the detector array detects a plurality of second optical signals converged by the beam combining waveguide array.
15. The method of any of claims 10 to 14, wherein prior to receiving the first set of optical signals, the first layer of waveguide array further comprises:
the light source module generates the first set of light signals.
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