CN112506192A - Fault-tolerant control method for dynamic positioning ship aiming at full-rotation propeller faults - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a fault-tolerant control method for a dynamic positioning ship aiming at faults of a full-rotation propeller, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: constructing a fault description model of the full-rotation propeller according to the basic principle of propeller thrust distribution; step two: designing a nonlinear disturbance observer based on a three-degree-of-freedom model of a dynamic positioning ship water surface; step three: and constructing a nonlinear fault-tolerant controller under a typical fault, and adding disturbance compensation. The invention provides a fault-tolerant control method based on a disturbance observer for a dynamic positioning ship with a full-rotation propeller fault, designs a model capable of describing three propeller faults, is applied to a sliding mode control law to improve the fault-tolerant capability and stability of a system, and enhances the anti-interference capability and safety performance of the system by combining the disturbance observer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fault-tolerant control method for a dynamic positioning ship, in particular to a fault-tolerant control method for a dynamic positioning ship aiming at a fault of a full-rotation propeller.
Background
Due to the complexity and changeability of marine environments, the dynamic positioning ship is inevitably influenced by environmental interference such as time-varying wind, wave and flow during sea surface operation, a closed loop feedback control mode of the dynamic positioning system has certain hysteresis, and if the time-varying interference is not subjected to feedforward compensation, the stability of the ship is influenced, and safety threat can be brought under severe conditions. In addition, due to the fact that the ship works on the sea for a long time, the problems that a hydraulic system is unstable, a driving mechanism is blocked, a shaft generator is powered off and the like can happen to a propeller, and it is necessary to consider how to enable the ship to safely complete the work under the fault condition. Therefore, a fault-tolerant control method for a dynamic positioning ship for full-rotation propeller faults is provided based on a disturbance observer.
At present, the positioning, orientation and tracking control of the dynamic positioning ship at home and abroad have very mature research results and application, but the fault-tolerant control method of the dynamic positioning ship is still in the theoretical research and experimental stage. Most research results are based on the fault detection and diagnosis (FDI) module to judge the fault type and then carry out fault-tolerant control, and the method is called as active fault-tolerant control. The method has the advantages of performing targeted fault tolerance and improving the response speed of the system. However, due to the introduction of the FDI module, the closed-loop system is more complex, so that the requirements on the accuracy of the FDI and the robustness of the system are higher, and if the FDI is judged to be wrong, the control becomes more difficult to control. Therefore, passive fault-tolerant control that does not rely on FDI modules has come into the field of view of people in recent years. The passive fault-tolerant control is mainly characterized in that a closed-loop system has strong robust performance, so that the system is insensitive to faults, and the fault-tolerant capability of the whole system is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fault-tolerant control method for a dynamic positioning ship aiming at faults of a full-rotation propeller, and aims to enhance the anti-interference capability of the dynamic positioning ship to time-varying environmental interference during operation, have the fault-tolerant capability aiming at the propeller faults which can occur at any time and improve the robustness of a system.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a fault-tolerant control method for a dynamic positioning ship aiming at the fault of a full-rotation propeller is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: constructing a fault description model of the full-rotation propeller according to the basic principle of propeller thrust distribution;
step two: designing a nonlinear disturbance observer based on a three-degree-of-freedom model of a dynamic positioning ship water surface;
step three: and constructing a nonlinear fault-tolerant controller under a typical fault, and adding disturbance compensation.
The invention also includes such features:
the first step is specifically as follows:
the faults of the full-rotation propeller comprise failure, jamming and interruption, and three coefficient matrixes delta, chi and theta are introducedsThe combination describes three propeller failures:
τ(t)=G(δ(t)θ(t)+χ(t)θs(t))
wherein G ∈ R3×14To configure the matrix, δ (t) diag { δi}∈R14×14,δi∈[0,1]Representing failure efficiency of the fault actuator, theta (t) being equal to R14For propulsion signals of 7 propellers in transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively, χ (t) ═ diag { χi}∈R14 ×14, χ i0 or 1 represents a fault type, θs(t)∈R14Represents unknown bounded time-varying thrust generated when the jamming fault occurs, and the upper bound is
The second step is specifically as follows: using time-varying disturbance feed-forward compensation based on a disturbance observer, using auxiliary variablesDesigning a non-linear disturbance observer for implementation:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,as an estimate of time-varying interference, K0For the positive definite parameters of the design, M is an inertia matrix of the DP ship motion, and v is the three-degree-of-freedom speed of the DP ship motion.
The third step is specifically as follows:
outer ring position error: s1=η-ηdThe following Lyapunov function is constructed:virtual control law designed by backstepping method
Inner ring slip form surface: s2=v-vdAdopting an exponential approximation law to makeThe sliding mode control law is designed asWherein u is the resultant force of theta (t) in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, and satisfies the condition that u is G theta (t);
and (3) combining a propeller fault model and a disturbance observer to obtain a final controller:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a fault-tolerant control method based on a disturbance observer for a dynamic positioning ship with a full-rotation propeller fault, designs a model capable of describing three propeller faults, is applied to a sliding mode control law to improve the fault-tolerant capability and stability of a system, and enhances the anti-interference capability and safety performance of the system by combining the disturbance observer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the dynamic positioning system;
FIG. 2 is a layout view of a thruster of the dynamic positioning vessel;
FIG. 3 shows a kinematic trajectory of a dynamically positioned vessel;
FIG. 4 shows errors in motion in various directions;
FIG. 5 speed of movement in each direction;
FIG. 6 the disturbance observer is compared to the actual disturbance;
figure 72 # thruster thrust (not faulted);
figure 82 # thruster azimuth (not faulted);
figure 91 # thruster thrust (failure);
figure 101 # thruster azimuth failure);
figure 114 # thruster thrust (stuck);
figure 124 # thruster azimuth (stuck);
figure 136 # thruster thrust (break);
figure 146 # thruster azimuth (break).
Detailed Description
The invention takes a pipe-laying crane ship model of 'marine oil 201' as a research object, and the invention is further described in detail by combining the accompanying drawings as follows:
1. and constructing a fault description model of the full-rotation propeller according to the thrust distribution basic principle of the propeller.
Three fault conditions of propeller failure, jamming and interruption which are possibly encountered in the working process of a ship are considered, thrust distribution and synthesis are carried out by combining a sequence quadratic programming method, and a reasonable three-degree-of-freedom fault description model is designed and can be used for controller design and system stability analysis.
2. And designing a nonlinear disturbance observer based on the three-degree-of-freedom model of the water surface of the dynamic positioning ship.
The deviation of the actual disturbance from the observer is used to modify the output of the disturbance observer. And introducing an auxiliary variable, designing a non-linear disturbance observer which can be realized, and performing feedforward compensation on an observed value to a controller. The accuracy of the observer is ensured, and the real-time performance is considered.
3. And constructing a nonlinear fault-tolerant controller under a typical fault, and adding disturbance compensation.
The method comprises the steps of firstly taking an equivalent position error as an outer ring sliding mode surface, designing a virtual speed control law by using a backstepping method, then taking a speed error as an inner ring sliding mode surface, adopting an exponential tightening rate to improve the response speed of a system, reducing buffeting of the system by using a hyperbolic tangent function, designing a controller by using a Lyapunov stability theorem, and finally designing a nonlinear fault-tolerant controller by combining a propeller fault model and disturbance feedforward compensation, so that the purposes of still completing path tracking and having better stability under time-varying interference and propeller faults are achieved.
Step one, establishing a three-degree-of-freedom mathematical model of a dynamic positioning ship on water
Firstly, establishing a northeast coordinate system to describe the position and heading change of a ship on the horizontal plane, and then establishing a ship body coordinate system to describe the motion speed and attitude change of the ship. The ship is then further analyzed for its resistance to water dynamics, environmental factors such as wind, waves, currents, etc., and the forces of the ship's propulsion system. Respectively researching the stress conditions of each force and moment, then carrying out linear superposition to calculate resultant force, and establishing a horizontal kinematic model and a dynamic model of the dynamic positioning ship:
wherein v ═ u, v, r]TThe motion speed of the ship under the ship body coordinate system,the ship motion position and attitude angle in a northeast coordinate system, R (psi) is a rotation matrix of the system, D is a time-varying environmental disturbance force, M is an inertial system matrix (including additional mass), C (v) is a Coriolis centripetal force matrix (including additional mass), and D is a linear damping matrix.
Step two, describing fault model of full-rotation propeller
Three types of faults, namely failure, fault and jamming, can be generated in the rotating process of the full-rotation propeller, and a method capable of describing the three types of faults is given as follows:
τ(t)=G(δ(t)θ(t)+χ(t)θs(t))
wherein G ∈ R3×14To configure the matrix, δ (t) diag { δi}∈R14×14,δi∈[0,1]Representing failure efficiency of the fault actuator, theta (t) being equal to R14For propulsion signals of 7 propellers in transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively, χ (t) ═ diag { χi}∈R14 ×14, χ i0 or 1 represents a fault type, θs(t)∈R14Represents unknown bounded time-varying thrust generated when the jamming fault occurs, and the upper bound isThe propeller failure mode can be expressed as:
suppose in the simulation experiment that the No. 1 propeller is invalid, the No. 4 propeller is stuck, the No. 6 propeller is interrupted, and other propellers work normally.
Step three, designing a disturbance observer
Time-varying disturbance feed-forward compensation based on a disturbance observer is utilized. Using auxiliary variablesDesigning a non-linear disturbance observer which can be realized:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,as an estimate of time-varying interference, K0For the positive definite parameters of the design, M is an inertia matrix of the DP ship motion, and v is the three-degree-of-freedom speed of the DP ship motion.
Step four, designing a double-ring sliding mode controller based on a backstepping method
Outer ring position error: s1=η-ηdThe following Lyapunov function is constructed:virtual control law designed by backstepping method
Inner ring slip form surface: s2=v-vdAdopting an exponential approximation law to makeThe sliding mode control law is designed asWherein u is the resultant force of θ (t) in the longitudinal and transverse directions, and satisfies u ═ G θ (t).
And (3) combining a propeller fault model and a disturbance observer to obtain a final design controller:
a fault-tolerant control method for a dynamic positioning ship aiming at full-rotation propeller faults mainly comprises three fault model descriptions based on a propeller working principle, time-varying interference feedforward compensation based on a disturbance observer and a double-loop sliding mode fault-tolerant controller based on a backstepping method. Three coefficient matrixes delta, chi and theta are introducedsThe combination describes three propeller failures:
τ(t)=G(δ(t)θ(t)+χ(t)θs(t))
wherein G ∈ R3×14To configure the matrix, δ (t) diag { δi}∈R14×14,δi∈[0,1]Representing failure efficiency of the fault actuator, theta (t) being equal to R14For propulsion signals of 7 propellers in transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively, χ (t) ═ diag { χi}∈R14 ×14, χ i0 or 1 represents a fault type, θs(t)∈R14Represents unknown bounded time-varying thrust generated when the jamming fault occurs, and the upper bound isA three-degree-of-freedom double-ring sliding mode control law is designed by utilizing a backstepping method, the thrust and the azimuth angle of each full-rotation propeller are solved reversely through the reasoning distribution principle, and the fault-tolerant control law is obtained by combining the actual faults of the propellers.
In conclusion: the invention discloses a fault-tolerant control method for a dynamic positioning ship aiming at faults of a full-rotation propeller. A general fault model describing three faults including failure, jamming and interruption of a full-rotation propeller is mainly provided and is combined into a controller through thrust distribution. Firstly, because the failure and interruption of the propeller are reflected by the reduction of the working efficiency, a first coefficient matrix delta is designed to judge whether the failure or interruption is the failure, secondly, the jamming failure is reflected in that the azimuth angle of the propeller is fixed at a certain angle, so a second coefficient matrix chi is designed to judge whether the jamming failure is the jamming failure, and a third coefficient matrix theta is utilized to judge whether the jamming failure is the jamming failuresAnd the unknown time-varying thrust generated by the stuck fault is expressed, and a fault model based on the three parameter descriptions is further provided. And then a disturbance observer is designed to make the observation error converge in a limited time, so that the anti-interference capability of the system is enhanced. And then, a double-ring sliding mode control law is provided by utilizing a backstepping method, and a disturbance observation and fault tolerance part is added, so that the dynamic positioning ship can move according to a set track, and each state of a closed-loop system converges to 0 in limited time. The control law of the invention has the advantages of high response speed, strong anti-interference capability and high safety and reliability.
Claims (4)
1. A fault-tolerant control method for a dynamic positioning ship aiming at the fault of a full-rotation propeller is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: constructing a fault description model of the full-rotation propeller according to the basic principle of propeller thrust distribution;
step two: designing a nonlinear disturbance observer based on a three-degree-of-freedom model of a dynamic positioning ship water surface;
step three: and constructing a nonlinear fault-tolerant controller under a typical fault, and adding disturbance compensation.
2. The fault-tolerant control method for the dynamically positioned vessel aiming at the full-rotation propeller faults as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first step is specifically as follows:
the faults of the full-rotation propeller comprise failure, jamming and interruption, and three coefficient matrixes delta, chi and theta are introducedsThe combination describes three propeller failures:
τ(t)=G(δ(t)θ(t)+χ(t)θs(t))
wherein G ∈ R3×14To configure the matrix, δ (t) diag { δi}∈R14×14,δi∈[0,1]Representing failure efficiency of the fault actuator, theta (t) being equal to R14For propulsion signals of 7 propellers in transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively, χ (t) ═ diag { χi}∈R14×14,χi0 or 1 represents a fault type, θs(t)∈R14Represents unknown bounded time-varying thrust generated when the jamming fault occurs, and the upper bound is
3. The fault-tolerant control method for the dynamic positioning vessel aiming at the full-rotation propeller fault as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second step is specifically as follows:
using time-varying disturbance feed-forward compensation based on a disturbance observer, using auxiliary variablesDesigned to implement non-linear perturbationsThe dynamic observer is used for:
4. The fault-tolerant control method for the dynamic positioning vessel aiming at the full-rotation propeller fault as claimed in claim 1, wherein the third step is specifically as follows:
outer ring position error: s1=η-ηdThe following Lyapunov function is constructed:virtual control law designed by backstepping method
Inner ring slip form surface: s2=v-vdAdopting an exponential approximation law to makeThe sliding mode control law is designed asWherein u is the resultant force of theta (t) in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, and satisfies the condition that u is G theta (t);
and (3) combining a propeller fault model and a disturbance observer to obtain a final controller:
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CN113126503A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-16 | 上海海事大学 | Intelligent ship thrust distribution method considering propeller faults |
CN113156965A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-23 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Hovercraft high-speed rotation control method based on longitudinal speed planning |
CN113885499A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-04 | 四川大学 | Fault-tolerant control method for robot track for detection in cavity |
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