CN112496352B - Powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment and method - Google Patents
Powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112496352B CN112496352B CN202110168178.7A CN202110168178A CN112496352B CN 112496352 B CN112496352 B CN 112496352B CN 202110168178 A CN202110168178 A CN 202110168178A CN 112496352 B CN112496352 B CN 112496352B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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Abstract
The invention discloses powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment and a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing method, and belongs to the field of powder bed additive manufacturing equipment. The problem of current powder bed electron beam vibration material disk equipment can only print single material, can't print two kinds of materials is solved. The apparatus comprises: the first powder laying unit is positioned on a first side in the forming chamber and used for arranging first powder; the second powder laying unit is positioned on the second side in the forming chamber and used for arranging second powder; the forming cylinder is positioned in the middle position in the forming chamber, and the upper surface of the forming cylinder is respectively contacted with the first powder laying unit and the second powder laying unit; and the forming cylinder is positioned in the forming chamber and used for driving a third powder laying platform arranged on the upper surface of the forming cylinder to rotate through a bearing arranged on the forming cylinder and scraping and conveying the first powder and the second powder into the forming cylinder in sequence, wherein the upper surface of the third powder laying platform is respectively contacted with the first powder laying unit and the second powder laying unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of powder bed additive manufacturing equipment, in particular to powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment and a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing method.
Background
The powder bed electron beam metal additive manufacturing technology is one of the mainstream technologies of metal additive manufacturing. The powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing technology is similar to the laser printing powder manufacturing process, namely a layer of metal powder is paved firstly, and then electron beam scanning and printing are carried out, and the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing technology is different from the laser printing powder manufacturing technology in that the powder bed electron beam can preheat a powder bed, so that the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing technology has a middle preheating process; moreover, compared with the laser printing powder making technology, the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing technology has a technical characteristic that the energy utilization rate of the powder bed electron beam is more than 75%, and the energy utilization rate of the electron beam of the laser printing powder making technology is low, so that the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing technology has unique advantages when high-melting-point and refractory metals are printed.
In recent years, titanium and titanium alloy parts printed by powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment have been successfully applied to the important fields of aerospace, national defense and military industry such as airplane frameworks and engine blades, and are widely applied to famous companies such as boeing, air passenger, Porsche, Baoma, Honda and the like. Some national defense military and scientific research institutes not only satisfy the printing of single material, for example the tip of radiator vane needs the material that coefficient of heat conductivity is very high, and the purpose is in order to lead away the heat on the blade fast, and the blade that constitutes by two kinds of materials can't realize in current printer like this. Therefore, the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment has urgent needs and great potential in military and civil markets for printing two materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment and a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing method, which are used for solving the problem that the existing powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment can only print a single material and cannot print two materials.
The embodiment of the invention provides powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment, which comprises:
the first powder laying unit is positioned on a first side in the forming chamber and used for arranging first powder;
the second powder laying unit is positioned on the second side in the forming chamber and used for arranging second powder;
and the forming cylinder is positioned in the middle position in the forming chamber and used for driving a third powder laying platform arranged on the upper surface of the forming cylinder to rotate through a bearing arranged on the forming cylinder and scraping and conveying the first powder and the second powder into the forming cylinder in sequence, wherein the upper surface of the third powder laying platform is respectively contacted with the first powder laying unit and the second powder laying unit.
Preferably, the bearing comprises a bearing inner ring and a bearing outer ring;
the bearing inner ring is connected with the upper surface of the forming cylinder through a bolt;
the bearing outer ring is a gear and is connected with the third powder laying platform through a bolt.
Preferably, the device further comprises a second sliding block, a second guide rail and a rack;
the second guide rail is fixed on a rear plate of the forming chamber, a second sliding block capable of sliding along the second guide rail is arranged on the second guide rail, and the rack is arranged on the second sliding block;
the rack is meshed with the gear of the bearing outer ring and used for driving the third powder laying platform to rotate.
Preferably, the device further comprises a first sliding block, a first guide rail and a scraper;
the first guide rail is fixed on a rear plate of the forming chamber and is positioned right above the second guide rail; the first sliding block is arranged on the scraper and can slide along the first guide rail, and the scraper is arranged on the first sliding block.
Preferably, a first strip-shaped powder falling port and a second strip-shaped powder falling port with an included angle of 90 degrees are arranged on the third powder laying platform;
the first strip-shaped powder falling port and the second strip-shaped powder falling port are not contacted at a 90-degree included angle;
the projections of the first strip-shaped powder falling port and the second strip-shaped powder falling port in the vertical direction are not intersected with the forming bottom plate and are positioned on the outer side of the forming cylinder.
Preferably, the powder container further comprises a first powder receiving box and a second powder receiving box;
the first powder receiving box is arranged between the forming cylinder and the second powder laying unit and is positioned right below the first strip-shaped powder falling opening;
the second powder connects the powder box setting to be in the forming cylinder with between the first powder unit of spreading, and be located the second bar and fall under the powder mouth.
Preferably, the first powder receiving box comprises a first powder upper receiving box, a first powder guiding pipe and a first powder lower receiving box; the first powder upper powder receiving box is positioned right below the first strip-shaped powder falling opening, and the first powder guiding pipe is arranged between the first powder upper powder receiving box and the first powder lower powder receiving box;
the second powder receiving box comprises a second powder upper receiving box, a second powder guiding pipe and a second powder lower receiving box; connect the powder box on the second powder to be located the second bar and fall under the powder mouth, connect the powder box on the second powder and set up under the second powder between the powder box the powder pipe is drawn to the second powder.
Preferably, a forming cylinder supporting plate, a leveling rotary sheet and a forming bottom plate are sequentially arranged in the forming cylinder from bottom to top;
the leveling rotary sheet is used for adjusting the levelness of the forming bottom plate so that the upper surface of the forming bottom plate is parallel to the lower surface of the scraper positioned on the upper surface of the forming bottom plate;
the forming base plate is used for arranging the first powder or the second powder.
Preferably, the first powder spreading unit comprises a first powder cylinder for arranging the first powder, a first powder cylinder tray arranged below the first powder cylinder and a first powder spreading platform arranged above the first powder cylinder;
the second powder spreading unit comprises a second powder cylinder for arranging second powder, a second powder cylinder tray arranged below the second powder cylinder and a second powder spreading platform arranged above the second powder cylinder;
the first powder laying platform and the second powder laying platform are respectively positioned at two sides of the third powder laying platform and are respectively contacted with the third powder laying platform;
and the positions of the first powder laying platform, the second powder laying platform and the third powder laying platform which are contacted are arc-shaped.
The embodiment of the invention provides a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing method, which applies the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment and comprises the following steps:
when the first powder is printed, determining that a first strip-shaped powder falling port is positioned between a forming cylinder and a second powder spreading unit, and scraping the first powder arranged in the first powder spreading unit to the upper surface of a forming bottom plate in the forming cylinder through a scraper;
when printing the second powder, spread the powder platform through rotatory third so that the second bar falls the powder mouth and is located between shaping jar and the first powder unit of spreading, spread the second powder that sets up in the powder unit with the second through the scraper and scrape and send to shaping jar interior shaping bottom plate upper surface.
The embodiment of the invention provides powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment and a method, wherein the equipment comprises: the first powder laying unit is positioned on a first side in the forming chamber and used for arranging first powder; the second powder laying unit is positioned on the second side in the forming chamber and used for arranging second powder; the forming cylinder is positioned in the middle position in the forming chamber, and the upper surface of the forming cylinder is respectively contacted with the first powder laying unit and the second powder laying unit; and the forming cylinder is positioned in the forming chamber and used for driving a third powder laying platform arranged on the upper surface of the forming cylinder to rotate through a bearing arranged on the forming cylinder and scraping and conveying the first powder and the second powder into the forming cylinder in sequence, wherein the upper surface of the third powder laying platform is respectively contacted with the first powder laying unit and the second powder laying unit. This equipment spreads the powder unit through setting up the first powder unit and the second of spreading in the jar both sides that take shape, set up respectively and wait to print two kinds of different metal powder of use, when printing first powder, because first powder unit of spreading contacts with the third of shaping room upper surface shop's powder platform, consequently can scrape first powder and send to the jar that takes shape, and when needs print the second powder, it rotates according to setting up the condition to spread the powder platform through the bearing drive third, because the second spreads the powder unit and contacts with the third shop's powder platform of shaping room upper surface, consequently can scrape the second powder and send to the jar that takes shape in. The mode that drives the third through the bearing and spread the powder platform rotation scrapes respectively and send first powder and second powder, can guarantee that two kinds of powders pass through when scraping and sending to the forming cylinder and spread the powder route not repeated, avoids the problem that two kinds of powders can mix, has solved current powder bed electron beam vibration material disk equipment and can only print single material, can't print the problem of two kinds of materials.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus in an operating state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial schematic view of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus in another working state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side cross-sectional structural view of the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first operating state corresponding to the section A-A in FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first operating state corresponding to fig. 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a second operating state corresponding to the section A-A in FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a second operating state corresponding to FIG. 7 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic flow chart of a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 1-electron gun; 2, forming a forming chamber; 3, a third powder laying platform; 3-1 to a first strip-shaped powder falling opening; 3-2 to a second strip-shaped powder falling port; 4-a first powder laying platform; 5, scraping a blade; 6-a first powder cylinder; 7-first powder; 8-a first powder cylinder supporting plate; 9-connecting the second powder with a powder box; 10, bearing inner ring; 11-bearing outer ring; 12-a second powder laying platform; 13-second powder; 14-a second powder jar; 15-additive manufacturing of a part; 16-forming cylinder; 17-a second powder cylinder supporting plate; 18-a first powder guiding pipe; 19-connecting the powder box under the first powder; 20-connecting a powder box on the second powder; 21 to a first slider; 22 to a first guide rail; 23 to a second slider; 24-a second guide rail; 25-racks; 26-forming a bottom plate; 27-leveling rotary vane; 28-forming cylinder support plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the prior art, three types of mainstream powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment are provided. The first type is a single powder cylinder powder feeding structure, only one powder cylinder is positioned on the left side (or right side), a forming cylinder is positioned on the right side (or left side), and only one powder cylinder is arranged and only single material powder can be filled in the powder cylinder, otherwise, the problem of powder mixing in the powder cylinder can be caused; the second type is a double-powder-cylinder powder feeding structure, in the structure, a forming cylinder is positioned in the middle, two powder cylinders are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the forming cylinder, when a first material is positioned in a first powder cylinder and a second material is positioned in a second powder cylinder, if the first material is printed, excessive powder is taken out due to the arrangement of an additive manufacturing process, excessive first material enters the powder cylinder filled with the second material, and the two kinds of powder are mixed; similarly, if the second material is printed first, excess powder will enter the powder jar containing the first material, resulting in mixing of the two powders; the third is powder feeding structure on two powder casees, when printing the first kind of powder in the first powder jar earlier, spread the first kind of material that has certain thickness on the powder platform, when first kind of material reaches the printing height, when printing the second kind of material, can lead to spreading first kind of material and the mixture of second kind of material on the powder platform on the one hand, on the other hand, when the second kind of powder was spread to the scraper, can lead to spreading first kind of powder on the powder platform also being taken to the shaping bottom plate in the jar that takes shape.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a new powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus, which can print two materials, that is, a part composed of two materials can be realized by the apparatus.
As shown in fig. 1, the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes a first powder laying unit, a second powder laying unit, and a forming cylinder 16. Wherein the forming cylinder 16 is positioned in the middle of the forming chamber 2, and the first powder laying unit and the second powder laying unit are respectively positioned on two sides of the forming chamber 2. In the embodiment of the present invention, the positional relationship among the first powder laying unit, the second powder laying unit, and the forming chamber includes the following two cases: one of the situations is: the side of the forming chamber 2 adjacent to the first powder spreading unit is called a first side inside the forming chamber 2, and the side of the forming chamber 2 adjacent to the second powder spreading unit is called a second side inside the forming chamber 2; in another case, the side of the forming chamber 2 adjacent to the first powder applying unit is referred to as a second side inside the forming chamber 2, and the side of the forming chamber 2 adjacent to the second powder applying unit is referred to as a first side inside the forming chamber 2. In the following description, for convenience of describing the first powder applying unit, the second powder applying unit, and both sides of the forming chamber 2, it is assumed that the side of the forming chamber 2 adjacent to the first powder applying unit is the first side inside the forming chamber 2, and the side of the forming chamber 2 adjacent to the second powder applying unit is the second side inside the forming chamber 2. In practical application, the first powder laying unit is used for arranging the first powder 7, and the second powder laying unit is used for arranging the second powder 13; since the forming cylinder 16 is located at an intermediate position inside the forming chamber 2, the forming cylinder 16 is located intermediate the first powder laying unit and the second powder laying unit, and the forming cylinder 16 is used for driving the third powder laying platform 3 provided on the forming cylinder 16 to rotate through a bearing provided on the forming cylinder 16 and sequentially arranging the first powder 7 and the second powder 13.
In the embodiment of the present invention, when the bearing drives the third powder laying platform 3 disposed on the forming cylinder 16 to rotate and sequentially dispose the first powder 7 and the second powder 13, the following two conditions are included:
in one case, if the first powder 7 is set first, and the current setting condition of the third powder laying platform 3 meets the requirement of scraping and conveying the first powder 7, the third powder laying platform 3 does not need to be rotated, the first powder 7 can be directly scraped and conveyed into the forming cylinder 16, and the scraping and conveying of the first powder 7 for the first time is finished; the third powder laying platform 3 can be rotated for the first time according to the set requirement, and the current setting condition of the rotated third powder laying platform 3 is determined to meet the requirement of scraping the second powder 13, then the second powder 13 can be scraped into the forming cylinder 16, and the scraping of the second powder 13 for the first time is finished; if the first powder 7 needs to be scraped, the third powder laying platform 3 can be rotated for the second time according to the set requirement, the current setting condition of the rotated third powder laying platform 3 is determined to meet the requirement of scraping the first powder 7, the first powder 7 can be scraped into the forming cylinder 16, and the subsequent steps of setting the second powder 13 and the first powder 7 are performed according to the preamble.
In another situation, if the first powder 7 is set first, and the current setting condition of the third powder spreading platform 3 does not meet the condition of scraping and conveying the first powder 7, the third powder spreading platform 3 needs to be rotated, the current setting condition of the third powder spreading platform 3 after the first rotation meets the condition of scraping and conveying the first powder 7, the first powder 7 is scraped and conveyed into the forming cylinder 16, and after the first time of scraping and conveying the first powder 7 is finished; the third powder laying platform 3 is rotated for the second time according to the set requirement, and the current setting condition of the rotated third powder laying platform 3 is determined to meet the condition of scraping the second powder 13, so that the second powder 13 can be scraped into the forming cylinder 16, and after the scraping of the second powder 13 for the first time is finished; if the first powder 7 needs to be scraped, the third powder laying platform 3 may be rotated for the third time according to a set requirement, and it is determined that the current setting condition of the rotated third powder laying platform 3 meets the condition of scraping the first powder 7, the first powder 7 may be scraped into the forming cylinder 16, and the subsequent steps of setting the second powder 13 and the first powder 7 may be performed according to the aforementioned manner.
In practical application, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, an electron gun 1 is further disposed at a top position of the forming chamber 2, and the electron gun 1 is used for preheating the forming base plate 26 in the forming cylinder 16, and preheating and melting the first powder 7 and the second powder 13 to be printed; the electron gun 1 requires preheating of the forming shoe 26 before printing the first layer of powder. After the set temperature is reached, the first powder 7 or the second powder 13 to be printed is spread on the upper surface of the forming bottom plate 26 to be preheated and then melted until the additive manufacturing part 15 is obtained. In practical applications, the forming base plate 26 is preheated before the first layer of powder is printed, after the first layer of powder is preheated and melted on the upper surface of the forming base plate 26, the melted powder is already on the upper surface of the forming base plate 26, and then the powder spread on the forming base plate 26 needs to be preheated and melted again.
In one example, as shown in fig. 1, the first powder laying unit mainly comprises a first powder cylinder 6, a first powder cylinder 6 tray and a first powder laying platform 4. The first powder cylinder 6 is used for arranging first powder 7, the upper surface of the first powder cylinder 6 is fixedly provided with a first powder laying platform 4, the bottom of the first powder cylinder 6 is provided with a first powder cylinder 6 tray, and the lower end of the first powder cylinder 6 tray is connected with a first lifting system, namely acts on the first powder cylinder 6 tray through the first lifting system to drive the first powder cylinder 6 to move upwards or downwards. The second powder spreading unit mainly comprises a second powder cylinder 14, a second powder cylinder 14 tray and a second powder spreading platform 12. The second powder cylinder 14 is used for arranging second powder 13, a second powder spreading platform 12 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the second powder cylinder 14, a second powder cylinder 14 tray is arranged at the bottom of the second powder cylinder 14, and the lower end of the second powder cylinder 14 tray is connected with a second lifting system, namely acts on the second powder cylinder 14 tray through the second lifting system to drive the second powder cylinder 14 to move upwards or downwards.
In practical application, since the first powder 7 and the second powder 13 need to be scraped into the forming cylinder 16 by scraping, in order to avoid the powder falling into the forming chamber 2 during scraping, preferably, the first powder laying platform 4 and the second powder laying platform 12 are divided to be located at two sides of the third powder laying platform 3, and the first powder laying platform 4 and the second powder laying platform 12 are respectively in contact with the third powder laying platform 3.
Further, as the third powder laying platform 3 needs to be driven by the bearing to rotate, preferably, the position where the first powder laying platform 4 is in contact with the third powder laying platform 3 is set to be arc-shaped; the position where the second powder laying platform 12 contacts with the third powder laying platform 3 is set to be arc-shaped.
In one example, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, a bearing is fixedly supported on the upper surface of the forming cylinder 16, and the bearing comprises an inner bearing ring 10 and an outer bearing ring 11, specifically, the inner bearing ring 10 is connected with the upper part of the forming cylinder 16 through bolts, the outer bearing ring 11 is connected with the third powder laying platform 3 through bolts, and the outer side of the outer bearing ring 11 is a gear. In practical application, bearing inner race 10 and bearing outer race 11 all have certain width, and processing has the round hole in this width within range, and processing has corresponding screw hole on the powder platform 3 is spread to the third, and the bolt can be fixed with bearing outer race 11 and third shop powder platform 3 through round hole and screw hole.
In practical application, as shown in fig. 4 and fig. 1, in order to enable the bearing to rotate and drive the third powder laying platform 3 connected with the bearing outer ring 11 to rotate, it is preferable that the gear on the outer side of the bearing outer ring 11 is meshed with the rack 25.
Specifically, the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus further includes a second slider 23, a second guide rail 24, and a rack 25, wherein the second guide rail 24 is fixed on the rear plate of the forming chamber 2, the second slider 23 that can slide on the second guide rail 24 is disposed on the second guide rail 24, and the rack 25 is disposed on the second slider 23. In practical application, the second sliding block 23 can slide on the second guide rail 24, and can drive the rack 25 to slide on the second guide rail 24, and the rack 25 is meshed with the gear on the outer side of the bearing outer ring 11, so that when the second sliding block 23 slides on the second guide rail 24, the third powder laying platform 3 can be driven to rotate.
Further, the second sliding block 23 drives the third powder laying platform 3 to rotate, so that the first powder 7 and the second powder 13 can be sequentially scraped into the forming cylinder 16.
In one example, as shown in fig. 4 and fig. 1, in order to enable the scraping of the first powder 7 and the second powder 13, it is preferable that the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus further includes a first slider 21, a first guide rail 22, and a scraper 5. Specifically, the first guide rail 22 is fixed to the rear plate of the forming chamber 2, and a first slider 21 is provided to be slidable along the first guide rail 22, and the scraper 5 is provided on the first slider 21.
In practical applications, after the second sliding block 23 drives the bearing to rotate the third powder laying platform 3, the first powder 7 or the second powder 13 needs to be scraped into the forming cylinder 16 by the scraper 5. On the basis of this it can be determined that the scraper 5 is arranged above the third dusting platform 3, i.e. the first guide rail 22 is located directly above the second guide rail 24.
In one example, in order to avoid the first powder 7 between the forming cylinder 16 and the second powder laying unit and the second powder 13 between the forming cylinder 16 and the first powder laying unit from remaining on the third powder laying platform 3, the first powder 7 and the second powder 13 may easily mix with each other and fall onto the forming base plate 26 during subsequent preparation. Preferably, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, a first strip-shaped powder falling port 3-1 and a second strip-shaped powder falling port 3-2 with an included angle of 90 degrees are arranged on the third powder laying platform 3. The first powder 7 remaining between the forming cylinder 16 and the second powder laying unit can be recovered through the first strip-shaped powder drop port 3-1, and the second powder 13 remaining between the forming cylinder 16 and the first powder laying unit can be recovered through the second strip-shaped powder drop port 3-2.
In practical application, since the first strip-shaped powder dropping port 3-1 is used for recovering the first powder 7 and the second strip-shaped powder dropping port 3-2 is used for recovering the second powder 13, in order to avoid mixing of the two powders, the first strip-shaped powder dropping port 3-1 and the second strip-shaped powder dropping port 3-2 are preferably not contacted at a 90-degree included angle.
Furthermore, since the first strip-shaped powder drop port 3-1 is used for recovering the first powder 7 remaining between the forming cylinder 16 and the second powder laying unit, the projection of the first strip-shaped powder drop port 3-1 in the vertical direction does not intersect with the forming cylinder 16; accordingly, the second strip-shaped powder drop port 3-2 is used for recovering the second powder 13 remaining between the forming cylinder 16 and the first powder laying unit, and the projection of the second strip-shaped powder drop port 3-2 in the vertical direction does not intersect with the forming cylinder 16.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first strip-shaped powder dropping port 3-1 and the second strip-shaped powder dropping port 3-2 provided on the third powder laying platform 3 are configured as shown in fig. 5, and after the scraping of the first powder 7 is finished, the second slider 23 slides along the second guide rail 24 toward the first powder laying unit to drive the third powder laying platform 3 to rotate 90 degrees counterclockwise, so that the second strip-shaped powder dropping port 3-2 can be located between the first powder laying unit and the forming cylinder 16, specifically as shown in fig. 6, that is, it is ensured that the second powder 13 remaining between the forming cylinder 16 and the first powder laying unit is recovered through the second strip-shaped powder dropping port 3-2. Further, after the second powder 13 is scraped and sent, the second sliding block 23 slides towards the second powder laying unit along the second guide rail 24 to drive the third powder laying platform 3 to rotate clockwise by 90 degrees, so that the first strip-shaped powder falling port 3-1 is located between the second powder laying unit and the forming cylinder 16, that is, the first powder 7 remaining between the forming cylinder 16 and the second powder laying unit is ensured to be recovered through the first strip-shaped powder falling port 3-1.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first strip-shaped powder dropping port 3-1 and the second strip-shaped powder dropping port 3-2 provided on the third powder spreading platform 3 are configured as shown in fig. 7, and after the scraping of the first powder 7 is finished, the second slider 23 slides along the second guide rail 24 toward the second powder spreading unit to drive the third powder spreading platform 3 to rotate clockwise by 90 degrees, so that the second strip-shaped powder dropping port 3-2 can be located between the first powder spreading unit and the forming cylinder 16, specifically as shown in fig. 8, that is, it is ensured that the second powder 13 remaining between the forming cylinder 16 and the first powder spreading unit is recovered through the second strip-shaped powder dropping port 3-2. Further, after the second powder 13 is scraped and sent, the second sliding block 23 slides along the second guide rail 24 to the first powder laying unit direction to drive the third powder laying platform 3 to rotate 90 degrees counterclockwise, so that the first strip-shaped powder falling port 3-1 is located between the second powder laying unit and the forming cylinder 16, that is, the first powder 7 remaining between the forming cylinder 16 and the second powder laying unit is ensured to be recovered through the first strip-shaped powder falling port 3-1.
In one example, the first strip-shaped powder dropping port 3-1 and the second strip-shaped powder dropping port 3-2 are respectively used for recovering the first powder 7 and the second powder 13. In order to facilitate recycling of the first powder 7 and the second powder 13, preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus further includes a first powder 7 powder receiving box and a second powder 13 powder receiving box.
Specifically, the first powder receiving box 7 is arranged between the forming chamber 2 and the second powder laying unit and is positioned right below the first strip-shaped powder falling opening 3-1; the second powder receiving box 13 is arranged between the forming chamber 2 and the first powder spreading unit and is positioned right below the second strip-shaped powder falling port 3-2.
Further, in order to prevent the powder falling from the first and second strip-shaped powder falling ports 3-1 and 3-2 from splashing, it is preferable that the first powder 7 powder receiving box includes a first powder 7 upper powder receiving box, a first powder guide tube 18 and a first powder lower powder receiving box 19. Wherein, connect the powder box on first powder 7 and be located first bar powder mouth 3-1 under, connect the powder box on first powder 7 and first powder and connect the powder box 19 under and set up first powder and draw powder pipe 18, draw powder pipe 18 through first powder and lead powder in the powder box 19 under with the first powder drainage of the first powder 7 that rises promptly to the problem that can take place to splash when having avoided first powder 7 to fall from the eminence. Correspondingly, the second powder 13 receiving box comprises a second powder upper receiving box 20, a second powder 13 powder leading pipe and a second powder 13 lower receiving box 9. Wherein, connect powder box 20 on the second powder to be located the second bar and fall under powder mouth 3-2, connect powder box 20 on the second powder and second powder 13 and descend to set up second powder 13 between the powder box 9 and draw the powder pipe, draw the powder pipe through second powder 13 and lead the second powder 13 that rises to the powder box 9 under second powder 13 promptly to the problem that can take place to splash when second powder 13 falls from the eminence has been avoided.
In one example, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, a forming cylinder support plate 28, a leveling rotary plate 27 and a forming bottom plate 26 are arranged inside the forming cylinder 16 from bottom to top in sequence. Wherein, the leveling rotary plate 27 is used for adjusting the levelness of the forming bottom plate 26, so that the upper surface of the forming bottom plate 26 is parallel to the lower surface of the scraper 5 positioned on the upper surface of the forming bottom plate 26; in practical applications, in order to adjust the levelness of the forming base plate 26, it is preferable that the number of the leveling rotary tabs 27 includes at least 4, that is, 4 leveling rotary tabs 27 are uniformly arranged right below the forming base plate 26, so that the levelness of the forming base plate 26 can be better adjusted.
Since the inner wall of the forming cylinder 16 includes, in order from bottom to top, a forming cylinder tray 28, a leveling rotor 27, and a forming bottom plate 26, both the first powder 7 and the second powder 13 are spread on the forming bottom plate 26 by scraping. In practical applications, the first powder 7 and the second powder 13 are not simultaneously disposed on the forming base 26, but the second powder 13 may be disposed again after the first powder 7 has been disposed on the forming base 26 and melted by preheating of the electron gun 1. Alternatively, after the second powder 13 has been set on the forming shoe 26 and preheated and melted by the electron gun 1, the first powder 7 may be set again.
Furthermore, since the forming bottom plate 26 is used for arranging the first powder 7 or the second powder 13, the projection of the first strip-shaped powder drop port 3-1 in the vertical direction does not intersect with the forming bottom plate 26; the projection of the second strip-shaped powder falling port 3-2 in the vertical direction does not intersect with the forming bottom plate 26.
In order to more clearly describe the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus provided by the embodiment of the invention, a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing method provided by the embodiment of the invention is described below, and by the method, the structure of the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus can be more clearly understood.
Fig. 9 is a schematic flow chart of a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is applied to a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 9, the method includes the following steps:
101, when first powder is printed, determining that a first strip-shaped powder falling port is positioned between a forming cylinder and a second powder spreading unit, and scraping the first powder arranged in the first powder spreading unit to the upper surface of a forming bottom plate in the forming cylinder through a scraper;
102, when second powder is printed, rotating the third powder laying platform to enable the second strip-shaped powder falling port to be located between the forming cylinder and the first powder laying unit, and scraping and conveying the second powder arranged in the second powder laying unit to the upper surface of the forming bottom plate in the forming cylinder through a scraper.
In practical application, as shown in fig. 1, the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus mainly comprises an electron gun 1, a forming chamber 2, a first powder laying unit, a second powder laying unit and a forming cylinder 16. Wherein the electron gun 1 is fixed at the top position of the forming chamber 2, and is used for preheating the forming bottom plate 26 in the forming cylinder 16 and preheating and melting the first powder 7 and the second powder 13 on the forming bottom plate 26. The first powder spreading unit is fixed to a first side inside the forming chamber 2, the second powder spreading unit is fixed to a second side inside the forming chamber 2, and the forming cylinder 16 is fixed to an intermediate position inside the forming chamber 2.
Before step 101, the components of the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus are required to be installed as shown in fig. 1 and 3, a first powder 7 is disposed in a first powder cylinder 6 of a first powder laying unit, and a second powder 13 is disposed in a second powder cylinder 14 of a second powder laying unit. The main lift system is connected to the forming cylinder pallet 28 included in the forming cylinder 16 for controlling the upward or downward movement of the forming cylinder 16; the first lifting system is connected with a first powder cylinder supporting plate 8 included by the first powder paving unit and used for controlling the first powder paving unit to move upwards or downwards; the second lifting system is connected with a second powder cylinder supporting plate 17 included by the second powder spreading unit and used for controlling the second powder spreading unit to move upwards or downwards.
After the first powder 7 and the second powder 13 are set, the forming bed 26 included in the forming cylinder 16 needs to be preheated. In the additive manufacturing process, if the powder is disposed on the forming base plate 26 and the powder disposed in the forming base plate 26 is directly preheated and melted, because of a large temperature difference between the forming base plate 26 and the powder, the powder on the forming base plate 26 is "blown", and a "powder blowing" phenomenon occurs. In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to avoid the phenomenon of "blowing powder", it is preferable that the height of the forming base plate 26 is adjusted before the first layer of powder disposed in the forming base plate 26 is preheated and melted, then the forming base plate 26 is preheated, and then the powder is disposed on the preheated forming base plate 26.
The specific method comprises the following steps: the main lifting system drives the forming cylinder supporting plate 28, the leveling rotary sheet 27 and the forming bottom plate 26 to move upwards until the upper surface of the forming bottom plate 26 is approximately parallel to the lower surface of the scraper 5, the first lifting system drives the first powder cylinder supporting plate 8 to move upwards, and the scraper 5 scrapes and conveys the first powder 7 to the upper surface of the forming bottom plate 26. The leveling rotary plate 27 is finely adjusted until the scraper 5 drives the first powder 7 to pass through the upper surface of the forming base plate 26, and the first powder 7 with uniform thickness is formed on the upper surface of the forming base plate 26 (i.e. the first powder 7 on the forming base plate 26 presents a leopard shape). The main lifting system drives the forming bottom plate 26 in the forming cylinder 16 to descend, the descending height is related to the set powder melting layer and the material of the forming bottom plate 26 (the forming bottom plates 26 made of different materials are different in thermal deformation), and then the first powder 7 on the forming bottom plate 26 is cleaned through a dust collector.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned step of making the upper surface of the forming shoe 26 substantially parallel to the lower surface of the doctor blade 5 means that it is only a visual observation, and this step does not guarantee that the upper surface of the forming shoe 26 is substantially parallel to the lower surface of the doctor blade 5, and is now only a preliminary adjustment, without defining a specific distance, followed by a fine adjustment. The purpose of the fine adjustment is to ensure that the upper surface of the forming shoe 26 is perfectly, if not perfectly, parallel to the lower surface of the doctor blade 5. The first powder 7 and the second powder 13 laid on the forming shoe 26 are uneven in thickness, which directly results in uneven thickness of the current molten layer.
The chamber door panel of the forming chamber 2 is closed and the vacuum system components are activated to evacuate the interior of the forming chamber 2 and the electron gun 1. When the vacuum degree inside the forming chamber 2 and the electron gun 1 reaches a set value, inert protective gas is filled. After the preliminary preparation is completed, the control program is started, and the electron gun 1 preheats the forming base plate 26.
In step 101, when the electron gun 1 preheats the forming base plate 26 to reach a set temperature, the first lifting system drives the first powder cylinder supporting plate 8 to lift, and as the current setting condition of the third powder laying platform 3 meets the condition of scraping and conveying the first powder 7, that is, the first strip powder falling port 3-1 is located between the forming cylinder 16 and the second powder laying unit, the first powder 7 required by a layer of melting thickness can be pushed out from the first powder cylinder 6 by the scraper 5 and scraped and conveyed to the upper surface of the forming base plate 26, and the electron gun 1 preheats and melts the first powder 7 on the forming base plate 26. In this process, the first powder 7 excessively taken out from the first powder cylinder 6 can be recovered by the first powder 7 powder receiving box through the first strip-shaped powder drop port 3-1.
It should be noted that if the first powder 7 still needs to be disposed on the forming base plate 26 after the first powder 7 disposed on the forming base plate 26 for the first time is preheated and melted, the method provided in step 101 may be repeated until the second powder 13 needs to be disposed on the forming base plate 26.
In step 102, when the second powder 13 needs to be set on the forming bottom plate 26, since the current setting condition of the third powder laying platform 3 does not satisfy the condition of scraping the second powder 13, that is, the second strip-shaped powder falling port 3-2 is not located between the forming cylinder 16 and the first powder laying unit, the third powder laying platform 3 needs to be rotated until the second strip-shaped powder falling port 3-2 is located between the forming cylinder 16 and the first powder laying unit.
If the structures of the first strip-shaped powder falling port 3-1 and the second strip-shaped powder falling port 3-2 arranged on the third powder laying platform 3 are as shown in fig. 5, and the current first strip-shaped powder falling port 3-1 is located between the forming cylinder 16 and the second powder laying unit, the second slider 23 needs to slide towards the first powder laying unit along the second guide rail 24, and after the third powder laying platform 3 is driven to rotate 90 degrees anticlockwise, the second strip-shaped powder falling port 3-2 can be located between the first powder laying unit and the forming cylinder 16, and the specific structure is as shown in fig. 6.
If the first strip-shaped powder falling port 3-1 and the second strip-shaped powder falling port 3-2 arranged on the third powder laying platform 3 are structurally as shown in fig. 7, and the current first strip-shaped powder falling port 3-1 is located between the forming cylinder 16 and the second powder laying unit, the second slider 23 needs to slide towards the second powder laying unit along the second guide rail 24, and after the third powder laying platform 3 is driven to rotate clockwise by 90 degrees, the second strip-shaped powder falling port 3-2 can be located between the first powder laying unit and the forming cylinder 16, and the specific structure is as shown in fig. 8.
When the second lifting system drives the second powder cylinder supporting plate 17 to lift, as the current setting condition of the third powder laying platform 3 meets the condition of scraping and conveying the second powder 13, namely the second strip-shaped powder falling port 3-2 is positioned between the forming cylinder 16 and the first powder laying unit, the second powder 13 required by a layer of melting thickness can be pushed out from the second powder cylinder 14 through the scraper 5 and scraped to the upper surface of the forming bottom plate 26, and the electronic gun 1 preheats and melts the second powder 13 on the forming bottom plate 26. In the process, the second powder 13 excessively taken out from the second powder cylinder 14 can be recovered by the first powder 7 powder receiving box through the second strip-shaped powder falling port 3-2.
It should be noted that, if the second powder 13 still needs to be disposed on the forming base plate 26 after the second powder 13 disposed on the forming base plate 26 for the first time is preheated and melted, the method provided in step 102 may be repeatedly performed until the first powder 7 needs to be disposed on the forming base plate 26 again or the powder does not need to be disposed on the forming base plate 26, and the printing of the additive manufacturing part 15 is completed.
In summary, the embodiments of the present invention provide a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus and method, the apparatus includes: the first powder laying unit is positioned on a first side in the forming chamber and used for arranging first powder; the second powder laying unit is positioned on the second side in the forming chamber and used for arranging second powder; the forming cylinder is positioned in the middle position in the forming chamber, and the upper surface of the forming cylinder is respectively contacted with the first powder laying unit and the second powder laying unit; and the forming cylinder is positioned in the forming chamber and used for driving a third powder laying platform arranged on the upper surface of the forming cylinder to rotate through a bearing arranged on the forming cylinder and scraping and conveying the first powder and the second powder into the forming cylinder in sequence, wherein the upper surface of the third powder laying platform is respectively contacted with the first powder laying unit and the second powder laying unit. This equipment spreads the powder unit through setting up the first powder unit and the second of spreading in the jar both sides that take shape, set up respectively and wait to print two kinds of different metal powder of use, when printing first powder, because first powder unit of spreading contacts with the third of shaping room upper surface shop's powder platform, consequently can scrape first powder and send to the jar that takes shape, and when needs print the second powder, it rotates according to setting up the condition to spread the powder platform through the bearing drive third, because the second spreads the powder unit and contacts with the third shop's powder platform of shaping room upper surface, consequently can scrape the second powder and send to the jar that takes shape in. The mode that drives the third through the bearing and spread the powder platform rotation scrapes respectively and send first powder and second powder, can guarantee that two kinds of powders pass through when scraping and sending to the forming cylinder and spread the powder route not repeated, avoids the problem that two kinds of powders can mix, has solved current powder bed electron beam vibration material disk equipment and can only print single material, can't print the problem of two kinds of materials.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. A powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus, comprising:
the first powder laying unit is positioned on a first side in the forming chamber and used for arranging first powder;
the second powder laying unit is positioned on the second side in the forming chamber and used for arranging second powder;
the forming cylinder is positioned in the middle of the forming chamber and used for driving a third powder spreading platform arranged on the upper surface of the forming cylinder to rotate through a bearing arranged on the forming cylinder and sequentially scraping and conveying the first powder and the second powder into the forming cylinder, wherein the upper surface of the third powder spreading platform is respectively contacted with the first powder spreading unit and the second powder spreading unit;
a first strip-shaped powder falling port and a second strip-shaped powder falling port with an included angle of 90 degrees are arranged on the third powder laying platform;
the first strip-shaped powder falling port and the second strip-shaped powder falling port are not contacted at a 90-degree included angle;
the projections of the first strip-shaped powder falling port and the second strip-shaped powder falling port in the vertical direction are not intersected with the forming bottom plate and are positioned on the outer side of the forming cylinder;
when the first powder is printed, determining that a first strip-shaped powder falling port is positioned between the forming cylinder and the second powder spreading unit, and scraping the first powder arranged in the first powder spreading unit to the upper surface of the forming bottom plate in the forming cylinder through a scraper; when printing the second powder, through rotatory third shop powder platform so that the second bar falls the powder mouth and is located between shaping jar and the first shop powder unit, scrape the second powder that sets up in the second shop powder unit through the scraper and send to shaping jar internal forming bottom plate upper surface.
2. The powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the bearing includes a bearing inner race and a bearing outer race;
the bearing inner ring is connected with the upper surface of the forming cylinder through a bolt;
the bearing outer ring is a gear and is connected with the third powder laying platform through a bolt.
3. The powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a second slider, a second guide rail, and a rack;
the second guide rail is fixed on a rear plate of the forming chamber, a second sliding block capable of sliding along the second guide rail is arranged on the second guide rail, and the rack is arranged on the second sliding block;
the rack is meshed with the gear of the bearing outer ring and used for driving the third powder laying platform to rotate.
4. The powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a first slider, a first guide rail, and a scraper;
the first guide rail is fixed on a rear plate of the forming chamber and is positioned right above the second guide rail; the first sliding block is arranged on the scraper and can slide along the first guide rail, and the scraper is arranged on the first sliding block.
5. The powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a first powder receiving box and a second powder receiving box;
the first powder receiving box is arranged between the forming cylinder and the second powder laying unit and is positioned right below the first strip-shaped powder falling opening;
the second powder connects the powder box setting to be in the forming cylinder with between the first powder unit of spreading, and be located the second bar and fall under the powder mouth.
6. The powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first powder receiving box comprises a first powder upper receiving box, a first powder guiding tube and a first powder lower receiving box;
the first powder upper powder receiving box is positioned right below the first strip-shaped powder falling opening, and the first powder guiding pipe is arranged between the first powder upper powder receiving box and the first powder lower powder receiving box;
the second powder receiving box comprises a second powder upper receiving box, a second powder guiding pipe and a second powder lower receiving box;
connect the powder box on the second powder to be located the second bar and fall under the powder mouth, connect the powder box on the second powder and set up under the second powder between the powder box the powder pipe is drawn to the second powder.
7. The powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a forming cylinder supporting plate, a leveling rotary plate, a forming bottom plate are sequentially arranged inside the forming cylinder from bottom to top;
the leveling rotary sheet is used for adjusting the levelness of the forming bottom plate so that the upper surface of the forming bottom plate is parallel to the lower surface of the scraper positioned on the upper surface of the forming bottom plate;
the forming base plate is used for arranging the first powder or the second powder.
8. The powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first powder laying unit includes a first powder cylinder in which the first powder is disposed, a first powder cylinder tray disposed below the first powder cylinder, and a first powder laying platform disposed above the first powder cylinder;
the second powder spreading unit comprises a second powder cylinder for arranging second powder, a second powder cylinder tray arranged below the second powder cylinder and a second powder spreading platform arranged above the second powder cylinder;
the first powder laying platform and the second powder laying platform are respectively positioned at two sides of the third powder laying platform and are respectively contacted with the third powder laying platform;
and the positions of the first powder laying platform, the second powder laying platform and the third powder laying platform which are contacted are arc-shaped.
9. A powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing method is applied to the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment of any one of claims 1 to 8, and the method comprises the following steps:
when the first powder is printed, determining that a first strip-shaped powder falling port is positioned between a forming cylinder and a second powder spreading unit, and scraping the first powder arranged in the first powder spreading unit to the upper surface of a forming bottom plate in the forming cylinder through a scraper;
when printing the second powder, spread the powder platform through rotatory third so that the second bar falls the powder mouth and is located between shaping jar and the first powder unit of spreading, spread the second powder that sets up in the powder unit with the second through the scraper and scrape and send to shaping jar interior shaping bottom plate upper surface.
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| CN114367679B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2023-10-31 | 杭州正向增材制造技术有限公司 | Laser printing system and method |
| CN114346264B (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-06-10 | 西安赛隆金属材料有限责任公司 | Electron beam additive manufacturing equipment and method |
| CN117532874B (en) * | 2023-11-10 | 2024-05-07 | 东北林业大学 | Rotatory continuous printing formula SLS 3D printer structure |
| CN117680714A (en) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-03-12 | 西安空天机电智能制造有限公司 | Electron beam forming powder spreading device |
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Address after: Room 303-46, building a, Kairui, Fengcheng 12th Road, Xi'an Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shaanxi 710018 Patentee after: Xi'an Sailong Additive Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: Room 303-46, building a, Kairui, Fengcheng 12th Road, Xi'an Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shaanxi 710018 Patentee before: XI'AN SAILONG METAL MATERIALS Co.,Ltd. |