CN112488434B - Wind power field off-line risk online evaluation method for source-grid-load accurate control system - Google Patents
Wind power field off-line risk online evaluation method for source-grid-load accurate control system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an on-line evaluation method for wind power field off-line risks in a source net load accurate control system, which comprises the following steps: collecting information of each wind turbine generator of a wind power plant in a normal working state to form a pre-accident operation section; during an accident, acquiring terminal voltage of each unit and protection action information of a corresponding unit body, and calculating offline risk coefficients of each unit; comprehensively calculating to obtain the off-grid expected power and risk index coefficients of each unit and the wind power plant according to the collected operation conditions of each unit during the fault and the operation conditions of the units before the fault; and the source network load control master station performs comprehensive decision according to the offline risk indexes calculated by each wind power plant, and preferentially cuts off the wind power plants and the units with high offline risk. The method comprehensively utilizes the unit operation information before and during the accident, provides a method for effectively judging the wind power plant offline risk size, has simple criterion, does not need convergence iteration in the judging method, and has high calculation speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power system control, and particularly relates to an on-line judgment method for wind power field off-line risks in a source grid load accurate control system.
Background
At present, the research aiming at the off-line mechanism after wind power access is just started, and the related research results at home and abroad are not rich enough. The measures for maintaining the safe and stable operation of the power system mainly comprise generator output adjustment and transformer substation load control, and have the disadvantages of adjustment time lag, large space affected range, fuzzy load priority and the like. In recent years, with the rapid increase of the scale and the load capacity of a power grid, the reserve capacity of a power system in the traditional sense is more and more insufficient. Meanwhile, the continuous improvement of the permeability of new energy and the appearance of trans-regional ultra-high voltage transmission bring about short-time large-scale power fluctuation, so that the pressure of maintaining stable operation of a power grid is further increased. The requirement for millisecond control of the source network load system presents new challenges to existing control systems.
The prior art discloses a method for calculating power failure risk of an electric power system with a double-fed wind power plant, which comprises the following steps of constructing various models in advance, wherein the simulation process comprises the following steps: determining the initial working condition of the system, setting the initial fault, judging whether a short-circuit fault or a disconnection fault occurs, searching, judging the frequency drop and recovery condition of the electric island according to the frequency stability model, recovering the electric island to a power balance state, performing alternating current power flow calculation on the system, judging whether the electric island is converged, and otherwise, obtaining a power flow convergence boundary, analyzing a voltage weak point, and cutting a load aiming at the voltage weak point.
According to the method for calculating the power failure risk of the electric power system with the double-fed wind power plant, an expected fault set is set in advance, the outlet voltage of the wind power plant is calculated off-line, certain defects exist in the method, errors of a wind power plant model and incompleteness of an expected fault machine can cause deviation of a calculation result, due to the characteristic that the output of the wind power plant is uncertain, the operation mode before an accident is changeable, the operation state of the plant during the fault is difficult to determine through off-line simulation, and the result judgment error is easily caused by large deviation.
In conclusion, the method for the risk of offline in the prior art is too simple and coarse, so that the calculation result has larger deviation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an on-line judgment method for the grid disconnection risk of a wind power plant in a source grid load accurate control system, which comprehensively utilizes unit operation information before and during an accident, provides a method for effectively judging the magnitude of the grid disconnection risk of the wind power plant, has simple judgment, does not need convergence iteration, has high calculation speed, and provides a feasible scheme for an accurate generator tripping strategy in the source grid load accurate control system so as to further improve the safety control means of a large power grid.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is:
an on-line judgment method for wind power field off-line risks in a source-grid-load accurate control system comprises the following steps:
and 4, the source network load control master station comprehensively decides according to the off-grid risk indexes calculated by each wind power plant, and preferentially cuts off the wind power plants and the units with high off-grid risk.
In the step 1, the operation mode is adopted 200ms before the accident.
In the step 2, the construction method of the off-line risk coefficient of each unit comprises the following steps:
in the formula, λiRepresenting the offline risk factor of the ith unit; u represents the terminal voltage; t is tsetRepresenting the set time limit of the low-voltage protection action time limit of the unit; t represents the relative time of protection initiation; p is a radical of formula1Representing the maximum probability of the low voltage ride through failure of the unit; u shapeNRepresents a rated voltage; if the unit is offline, the offline danger factor of the unit is directly set to 1.
In the step 3, according to the position of the fault and the height of the offline risk, the units in the wind power plant are divided into 6 types: a1, a fault current collection circuit high-risk off-grid unit; a2, a non-fault current collection circuit high-risk off-grid unit; b1, dangerous off-grid unit in the fault current collection circuit; b2, dangerous net hauler in the non-fault current collection circuit; c1, a fault current collection circuit low-risk off-grid unit; c2, a non-fault current collection circuit low-risk off-grid unit; the high, medium and low risk division indexes are as follows:
γi≥PHis a high risk zone, PM<γi<PHIn the area of stroke risk, γi≤PMA low risk zone;
and constructing a function P (X), and defining the function P (X) to express the expected value of the offline power of the unit in the set X:
P(X)=∑γiPi i∈X,X={A1,A2,B1,B2,C1,C2}
in the formula, PH,PMRepresents a high, medium risk threshold; gamma rayiRepresenting the offline risk factor of the ith unit; piIndicating the power transmitted before the fault of the ith unit.
In step 3, the expression of the risk index coefficient ξ is:
ξ=max{ξ1,ξ2}
wherein the index xi1Mathematical expectation representing off-grid power of a non-faulty collector line as a percentage of total power, ξ1The higher the number of units indicating possible off-line of the non-fault current collection line; index xi2Mathematical expectation representing the off-grid power of a high-risk unit of a faulty collector line as a percentage of the total power, ξ2A larger line indicates that more units on the faulty collector line may be automatically disconnected.
The above-mentioned index xi1The calculation formula of (c) is:
ξ1=PA2/P∑2
in the formula, P∑2The total power sent out before the unit fault of the non-fault current collection circuit is shown; pA2Representing the expected off-grid power of the high-risk off-grid unit in the non-fault current collection line.
The above-mentioned index xi2The calculation formula of (2) is:
ξ2=(PA1+PB1)/P∑1
in the formula, PA1、PB1Off-grid machine for indicating high and medium risks in fault current collection circuit respectivelyDesired off-line power of the group; p is∑1And the total power sent out before the unit of the fault current collection line is in fault is represented.
In the step 4, the decision content for cutting off the wind power station and the unit with high offline risk is as follows: the source network load control master station arranges the cutting turns and cutting quantity of the wind power plant according to the expected off-grid power, the off-grid risk index and the switchable quantity sent by each wind power plant, and preferentially arranges the wind power plant with high off-grid risk for off-grid; and after the wind power plant execution sub-station receives the generator tripping command, preferentially cutting off the units with high off-grid risk according to the off-grid risk coefficient of each unit in the wind power plant.
After the scheme is adopted, the off-grid risk and the off-grid expected probability of a single unit and a wind power plant are quantized by utilizing the electric quantity information and the protection action information of the wind power plant in the fault and combining a prior operation mode, the wind power plant with high off-grid risk and the unit are preferentially arranged to be off-grid, and the frequency of the generator tripping in the fault is reasonably optimized. The method has the greatest advantages that the method for quantifying the magnitude of the grid disconnection danger of the wind power plant is provided, is different from other schemes that accident prediction is required, calculation is carried out only after a fault occurs, and the method can adapt to the changes of operation modes and fault types; in addition, because the method has simple criterion, only the weight and the off-line risk coefficient need to be accumulated and calculated, the problem of iterative convergence in other algorithms is avoided, and the calculation speed is greatly improved; meanwhile, because the risk can be judged on line only by using a small amount of information and communication, and even the acquisition device can be arranged at the unit terminal for further simplification, the network message flow can not generate larger burden when the fault occurs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a risk coefficient constructor of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exemplary topology of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a distribution diagram of the offline risk coefficient of each unit calculated by the evaluation method of the present invention;
wherein, (a) represents a head end fault, (b) represents a mid-section fault, and (c) represents a tail end fault.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme and the beneficial effects of the invention are explained in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an online judgment method for wind power field off-line risk in a source-grid-load precise control system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) before an accident, acquiring information of each wind turbine of a wind power plant, wherein the information comprises analog quantity voltage U, current I, active power P and reactive power Q; state quantity: generating power and stopping the machine; protection information: protecting the fixed value such as information of low voltage protection, overcurrent protection and the like of a unit body, forming a running section before an accident, calculating the switching-off information of each element, and adopting a running mode 200ms before the accident to prevent the problem of uncertain running modes caused by uncertainty of wind power generation output;
(2) during an accident, collecting electric quantity information such as terminal voltage and the like of each unit and protection action information of a corresponding unit body, and calculating offline risk index coefficients of each unit, wherein the offline risk coefficients of each unit are constructed by the following steps:
in the formula of lambdaiRepresenting the offline risk factor of the ith unit; u represents the terminal voltage; t is tsetRepresenting the set low-voltage protection action time limit setting time limit of the unit; t represents the relative time of protection initiation; p is a radical of formula1Representing the maximum probability of the low voltage ride through failure of the unit, and giving the maximum probability in advance through calculation; u shapeNRepresenting the nominal voltage.
The probability of the off-line of the wind turbine generator due to the failure of low voltage ride through can be calculated by a wind turbine generator off-line risk early warning program in normal operation. In case of failure, the fan off-grid probability caused by the low-voltage protection starting needs to be considered. The magnitude of the network disconnection danger of a single unit is determined by the difference (fixed value margin) when the voltage value measured by the low-voltage protection of the unit is higher than the protection setting value and the difference (time margin) between the duration time when the measured voltage value is lower than the setting value and the delay setting value. If the unit is offline, the offline danger factor of the unit is directly set to 1.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, when the fault causes the phase voltage of the unit to drop to 0.2UN~0.9UNIn the meantime, the low-voltage protection of the unit does not reach the setting value, and the off-line risk factor of the unit is determined by the margin between the terminal voltage and the setting value. The closer the terminal voltage is to 0.2UNThe more serious the fault is, the more likely the unit is to be off-line due to various factors; conversely, the closer the terminal voltage is to 0.9UNThe more likely the unit will remain in a low voltage ride through state, indicating that the fault is light. When the fault causes the phase voltage of the unit to drop by 0.2UNAnd when the low-voltage protection reaches a setting value, the off-line risk factor of the unit is determined by the action time margin of the low-voltage protection. Due to the fact that faults are serious, fan off-line risk factors are increased rapidly in the initial stage after protection starting; after time t, the risk factor of offline approaches 1, which means that if the fault is not removed after a certain time, the probability of offline of the unit is very high.
(3) And comprehensively calculating to obtain the off-grid expected power and risk index coefficients of each unit and the wind power plant according to the collected operation conditions of each unit during the fault and the operation conditions of the units before the fault.
According to the position of the fault and the height of the off-grid risk, the units in the wind power plant are divided into 6 types, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 off-line danger classification index of wind turbine generator
And constructing a function P (X), and defining the function P (X) to express the expected value of the offline power of the unit in the set X:
P(X)=∑γiPi i∈X,X={A1,A2,B1,B2,C1,C2}
in the formula, PH,PMRepresents a high, medium risk threshold; gamma rayiRepresenting the offline risk factor of the ith unit; piIndicating the power transmitted before the fault of the ith unit.
Two indexes for evaluating the total grid disconnection danger of the wind power plant are obtained:
1) index 1
ξ1=PA2/P∑2
In the formula, P∑2The total power sent out before the unit fault of the non-fault current collection circuit is shown; pA2Representing the expected grid shedding power of the high-risk grid shedding unit in the non-fault current collection line.
2) Index 2
ξ2=(PA1+PB1)/P∑1
In the formula, PA1、PB1Respectively representing expected offline power of high and medium risk offline units in a fault current collection circuit; p∑1And the total power sent out before the unit of the fault current collection circuit fails is represented.
Evaluation indexes of total grid disconnection risk of the wind power plant are as follows:
ξ=max{ξ1,ξ2}
(4) And the source network load control master station performs comprehensive decision according to the offline risk indexes calculated by each wind power plant, and preferentially cuts off the wind power plants and the units with high offline risk. The source network load control master station arranges the cutting turns and cutting quantity of the wind power plant according to the expected offline power, the offline risk index and the switchable quantity sent by each wind power plant, and preferentially arranges the wind power plant with high offline risk for offline; and after the wind power plant execution sub-stations receive the tripping command, preferentially cutting off the units with high tripping risk according to the tripping risk coefficients of the units in the wind power plant.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the specific steps of the flow of embodiment 1 are as follows:
(1) in the example of fig. 3, the calculation of the operation section before the fault is realized, the parameters of each wind turbine generator set are set to be consistent, the wind speed is 9m/s, 11m/s and 15m/s, and the corresponding output is 1.3MW, 1.5MW and 2MW in sequence.
(2) In the example of fig. 3, a metallic three-phase short circuit is provided at the head end f3, the middle section f1 and the tail end f4 of the current collecting line 1. Set high and medium risk thresholds at 0.9, 0.5.
And calculating the off-line risk index coefficient of each unit, as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
The distribution curve of the risk of the offline of each unit is shown in figure 4. The more serious the failure, the greater the risk of offline, consistent with existing awareness.
(3) Calculating the index of the total grid disconnection danger size of the wind power plant: when the head end of the line is short-circuited, the power loss of the whole wind power plant can reach more than 60%; when the middle section of the line is short-circuited, the power loss of the whole wind power plant reaches 26%; when the short circuit occurs at the end of the line, the power loss of the whole wind power plant reaches 20%.
(4) And the source grid load control master station sorts according to the total grid-disconnected power loss quantity of each wind power plant, and preferentially cuts off the units with high grid-disconnected risk after the wind power plant source grid load control slave station receives the generator tripping command.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modifications made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An on-line judgment method for wind power field off-line risks in a source-grid-load accurate control system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, collecting information of each wind turbine generator of a wind power plant in a normal working state to form a running section before an accident;
step 2, collecting terminal voltage of each unit and protection action information of a corresponding unit body during an accident, and calculating offline risk coefficients of each unit;
step 3, comprehensively calculating to obtain the off-grid expected power and risk index coefficients of each unit and the wind power plant through the collected operation conditions of each unit during the fault and the operation conditions of the units before the fault;
step 4, the source grid load control master station carries out comprehensive decision making according to the offline risk indexes calculated by each wind power plant, and preferentially cuts off the wind power plants and the units with high offline risk;
in the step 2, the construction method of the offline risk coefficient of each unit comprises the following steps:
in the formula, λiRepresenting the offline risk factor of the ith unit; u represents the terminal voltage; t is tsetRepresenting the set low-voltage protection action time limit setting time limit of the unit; t represents the relative time of protection initiation; p is a radical of1Representing the maximum probability of the low voltage ride through failure of the unit; u shapeNRepresents a rated voltage; if the unit is off-line, directly setting the off-line risk factor of the unit to be 1;
in the step 3, the units in the wind power plant are divided into 6 types according to the position of the fault and the height of the offline risk: a1, a fault current collection circuit high-risk off-grid unit; a2, a non-fault current collection circuit high-risk off-grid unit; b1, dangerous off-grid unit in the fault current collection circuit; b2, dangerous net hauler in the non-fault current collection circuit; c1, a fault current collection circuit low-risk net removal machine set; c2, a non-fault current collection circuit low-risk net removal machine set; the high, medium and low risk division indexes are as follows:
γi≥PHis a high risk zone, PM<γi<PHIn the area of stroke risk, γi≤PMA low risk zone;
and constructing a function P (X), and defining the function P (X) to express the expected value of the offline power of the unit in the set X:
P(X)=∑γiPii∈X,X={A1,A2,B1,B2,C1,C2}
in the formula, PH,PMRepresents a high, medium risk threshold; gamma rayiRepresenting the offline risk factor of the ith unit; p isiIndicating the power transmitted before the fault of the ith unit.
2. The on-line assessment method for wind power field off-line risk in the source-grid-load precise control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, the operation mode 200ms before the accident is adopted.
3. The on-line assessment method for wind field net-off risk in the source net-load accurate control system of claim 1, wherein: in step 3, the expression of the risk index coefficient ξ is:
ξ=max{ξ1,ξ2}
wherein the index xi1Mathematical expectation representing the off-grid power of a non-faulty collector line as a percentage of the total power, ξ1The higher the number of the units which indicate that the non-fault current collection line can be off-grid; index xi2Mathematical expectation representing off-grid power of high-risk units of a faulty collector line as a percentage of the total power, ξ2The larger the fault current collection line, the more units on the fault current collection line may be automatically off-line.
4. The on-line assessment method for wind field net-off risk in the net-source load accurate control system of claim 3, wherein: the index xi1The calculation formula of (c) is:
ξ1=PA2/P∑2
in the formula, P∑2Representing the total power sent out before the unit of the non-fault current collection line fails; p isA2Representing the expected grid shedding power of the high-risk grid shedding unit in the non-fault current collection line.
5. The on-line assessment method for wind field net-off risk in the net-source load accurate control system of claim 3, wherein: the index xi2The calculation formula of (2) is:
ξ2=(PA1+PB1)/P∑1
in the formula, PA1、PB1Respectively representing expected offline power of high and medium risk offline units in a fault current collection circuit; p∑1And the total power sent out before the unit of the fault current collection line is in fault is represented.
6. The on-line assessment method for wind field net-off risk in the source net-load accurate control system of claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, the decision content for cutting off the wind power station and the unit with high offline risk is as follows: the source network load control master station arranges the cutting turns and cutting amount of the wind power plant according to the expected off-grid power, the off-grid risk indexes and the switchable amount sent by each wind power plant, and preferentially arranges the wind power plant with high off-grid risk for off-grid; and after the wind power plant execution sub-station receives the generator tripping command, preferentially cutting off the units with high off-grid risk according to the off-grid risk coefficient of each unit in the wind power plant.
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CN106230024A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2016-12-14 | 张雪敏 | Power system power failure Risk Calculation method containing double-fed fan motor field |
CN109713668A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-05-03 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | A kind of new energy base direct current sends chain off-grid early warning and system of defense and method outside |
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CN106230024A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2016-12-14 | 张雪敏 | Power system power failure Risk Calculation method containing double-fed fan motor field |
CN109713668A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-05-03 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | A kind of new energy base direct current sends chain off-grid early warning and system of defense and method outside |
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