CN112410001B - Floating agent and high-strength floating agent partition plate process for controlling fracturing fracture perforating expansion - Google Patents
Floating agent and high-strength floating agent partition plate process for controlling fracturing fracture perforating expansion Download PDFInfo
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/50—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls
- C09K8/504—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/5045—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing inorganic compounds
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
Abstract
The invention discloses a floating agent for fracturing and a high-strength floating agent partition plate process for controlling the penetrating and expanding of a fracturing crack, and relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploration. Therefore, when the floating agent for fracturing provided by the invention is applied to high-temperature steering fracturing, the high-temperature resistance, the high pressure bearing capacity and the good plugging effect are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploration, in particular to an upward floating agent and a high-strength upward floating agent partition plate process for controlling the penetration and the expansion of fracturing cracks.
Background
With the deep development of oil and gas exploration, the special reservoir is modified with high efficiency, and the temporary plugging agent has brand new requirements on the performance. Wherein, the floating agent is used as one of temporary plugging agents and is used for plugging the upper reservoir to prevent the crack from extending upwards. At present, a plurality of cleaning steering materials including fibers, pellets and the like are successfully developed in China, a special material adding device or equipment is matched, a process optimization method is initially formed, and the cleaning steering materials are successfully applied to the field. The main problems of the existing fiber materials are limited bearing capacity, the plugging efficiency and bearing capacity of the composite materials to cracks are higher, the fibers are easy to plug when being added, but the temporary plugging and steering are easy to occur near a shaft due to the limitation of winding and the long-distance conveying are difficult, and the high temperature resistance is insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a floating agent for fracturing and a high-strength floating agent baffle plate process for controlling the layer penetration and expansion of fracturing cracks, and aims to provide the floating agent for fracturing, which has high temperature resistance, high bearing capacity and good plugging effect when being applied to high-temperature steering fracturing.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fracturing floating agent, which comprises floating beads.
Optionally, the particle size of the floating beads is 20-200 meshes.
Optionally, the floating beads comprise a mixture of floating beads with the particle size of 20-40 meshes, floating beads with the particle size of 100-120 meshes and floating beads with the particle size of 180-200 meshes, wherein the mass ratio of the floating beads with the particle size of 20-40 meshes to the floating beads with the particle size of 100-120 meshes to the floating beads with the particle size of 180-200 meshes is 1:2:5.2.
the invention further provides a high-strength floating agent baffle plate process for controlling the through-layer expansion of a fracturing fracture, which comprises the following steps of:
s10, uniformly mixing a fracturing floating agent and sand-carrying fluid to form floating fluid, wherein the fracturing floating agent is the fracturing floating agent;
and S20, injecting the floating liquid into a fracturing fracture of the high-temperature reservoir, and enabling the floating liquid to form a first partition plate at the upper part of the fracturing fracture so as to enable the fracturing fracture to extend downwards.
Optionally, in step S10, the sand-carrying fluid is slick water.
Optionally, in step S10, the slickwater has a viscosity of 1 to 10mpa·s.
Optionally, in step S10, the sand ratio of the floating liquid is 5% -6%.
Optionally, in step S20, the injection flow rate of the floating upward liquid is 3-5 m 3 /min。
Optionally, in step S20, the first separator is formed for at least 20min.
Optionally, the thickness of the first separator is 5.2-17.5 cm.
In the technical scheme provided by the invention, the floating agent for fracturing comprises floating beads, the chemical components of the floating beads are mainly silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide, the surface of a product is melted and air holes are closed by precisely controlling the temperature and the material dead time of a special raw material under the high temperature condition of more than 1500 ℃, the inside of the product is of a honeycomb structure, the appearance of the product is a tiny hollow spherical powder substance formed by microspheres, the floating beads are insoluble in acid-base oil saline, the temperature resistance reaches 1600-1700 ℃, the product has good dispersibility and fluidity, the compressive strength is 20MPa, the floating beads are not easy to break in fracturing, the strength of a formed partition plate can be ensured, and part of floating beads can break and flow out along with liquid due to the action of crack closing pressure in the production after pressing, so that part of blockage is relieved and the permeability is recovered. Therefore, when the floating agent for fracturing provided by the invention is applied to high-temperature steering fracturing, the high-temperature resistance, the high pressure bearing capacity and the good plugging effect are achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a microscopic view of floating beads in a fracturing use float provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an expanded form of a fracture when the fracturing upper floating agent provided by the invention is used for plugging the fracture;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a high strength upward floating agent baffle process for controlling fracture propagation according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the distribution of the floating agent for fracturing at different carrier fluid viscosities of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the distribution of the upper fracturing floats at different sand ratios in FIG. 3.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
With the deep development of oil and gas exploration, the special reservoir is modified with high efficiency, and the temporary plugging agent has brand new requirements on the performance. The floating agent is used as one of temporary plugging agents and is used for plugging the upper reservoir to prevent the crack from extending upwards. At present, a plurality of cleaning steering materials including fibers, pellets and the like are successfully developed in China, a special material adding device or equipment is matched, a process optimization method is initially formed, and the cleaning steering materials are successfully applied to the field. The main problems of the existing fiber materials are limited bearing capacity, the plugging efficiency and bearing capacity of the composite materials to cracks are higher, the fibers are easy to plug when being added, but the temporary plugging and steering are easy to occur near a shaft due to the limitation of winding and the long-distance conveying are difficult, and the high temperature resistance is insufficient.
In view of the above, the invention provides a fracturing floating agent, and aims to provide a fracturing floating agent which has high temperature resistance, high bearing capacity and good plugging effect when being applied to high-temperature steering fracturing. FIG. 1 is a microscopic view of floating beads in a fracturing use float provided by the invention; fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an expanded form of a fracture when the fracturing upper floating agent provided by the invention is used for plugging the fracture.
The floating agent for fracturing provided by the invention comprises floating beads, and referring to fig. 1, the floating beads are hollow powder substances with honeycomb-shaped inside and microsphere-shaped outside, which are formed by melting a special material at high temperature. The appearance of the material is grey white, the material is displayed as tiny hollow transparent spheres under a microscope, and the material has a plurality of remarkable advantages as a floating agent for fracturing: (1) insoluble in acids, bases, oils, and brine; (2) the temperature resistance can reach 1600-1700 ℃; (3) Excellent in floatability and bulk density of 400-800kg/m 3 Apparent density of 800-900kg/m 3 The particle size can be produced according to the requirements; (4) Has good dispersibility and fluidity, and compressive strength up to 20And (5) MPa. The price depends on the mesh number, the smaller the mesh number, the higher the price, generally between 5000-15000 yuan/ton; (5) The floating beads are not easy to break in the fracturing, and the strength of the partition plate can be ensured. However, in the production after pressing, due to the action of the closing pressure of the cracks, part of floating beads can be broken and flow out along with the liquid, so that part of blockage can be removed, and the permeability is recovered. Therefore, when the floating beads are used as components of the floating agent, the floating agent can be used for high-temperature steering fracturing, and has high-temperature resistance, high pressure bearing capacity and good plugging effect.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an expanded form of a fracture when plugging the fracture using the floating agent provided by the invention. As can be seen from fig. 2, when the floating agent provided by the present invention is used, after the fracture is formed at the plugging partition plate, the direction of the fracture is turned to extend towards the height direction of the fracture, and the fracture height is fully extended downwards, which indicates that the floating agent provided by the present invention can effectively realize temporary plugging and turning fracture (it should be noted that the temporary plugging agent is also added in the test, and the plugging partition plate is formed at the front end of the fracture, so that the fracture does not extend forwards).
The invention optimizes the particle size ratio of the floating bead particles, wherein the particle size of the floating beads is preferably 20-200 meshes, and is further optimized as follows: the floating beads comprise a mixture of floating beads with the particle size of 20-40 meshes, floating beads with the particle size of 100-120 meshes and floating beads with the particle size of 180-200 meshes, wherein the mass ratio of the floating beads with the particle size of 20-40 meshes to the floating beads with the particle size of 100-120 meshes to the floating beads with the particle size of 180-200 meshes is 1:2:5.2. through repeated experiments and simulation, the floating agent has high temperature resistance, high pressure bearing capacity and best plugging effect when being applied to high temperature steering fracturing under the particle size range and the proportion.
In addition, in view of the difference in the floating speed of the different particle diameters, it is preferable in the embodiment of the present invention that the three particle diameters are sufficiently mixed and then injected when the floating agent is injected into the fracture. Therefore, in the floating process of the floating agent particles, the floating agent particles with different particle diameters are mutually influenced, so that the formed partition plate is more uniform and compact, and has high bearing capacity.
The present invention further proposes a high strength floating agent separator process for controlling the propagation of the fracture through the layer, and fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the high strength floating agent separator process for controlling the propagation of the fracture through the layer; FIG. 4 is a graph showing the distribution of the floating agent at different carrier fluid viscosities of FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a graph showing the distribution of the floating agent at different sand ratios in FIG. 3.
Referring to fig. 3, the process for controlling the propagation of the fracture through the layer of the high-strength floating agent separator provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s10, uniformly mixing the fracturing floating agent and the sand-carrying fluid to form floating fluid, wherein the fracturing floating agent is the fracturing floating agent.
In this step, the sand-carrying fluid is preferably slick water. Slick water is a fracturing fluid system for hydraulically fracturing shale oil and gas reservoirs, and is one of key liquids for shale gas development. Compared with the traditional gel fracturing fluid system, the slick fracturing fluid system is widely applied to shale gas development by the characteristics of high efficiency and low cost. In the application, the slickwater is taken as sand-carrying fluid, so that after the slickwater is injected into a fracturing fracture, the fracturing fluid cannot be polluted, and the compatibility is improved.
Further, the invention uses CFD-DEM coupling method to simulate microscopic migration value of the floating agent, and FIG. 4 is a distribution pattern diagram of the floating agent under different carrier fluid viscosities (gray particles in FIG. 4 are floating bead particles). As can be seen from fig. 3, the thickness of the floating agent laid is reduced with the increase of the viscosity of the sand-carrying fluid, because the thickness of the laid is reduced with the increase of the viscosity of the sand-carrying fluid, the laying concentration is increased, the greater the viscosity of the sand-carrying fluid, the stronger the sand-carrying capacity, so that the floating ability of the floating agent is weakened, therefore, the invention preferably uses the slickwater with low viscosity. The invention is tested that the viscosity of sand-carrying fluid is preferably in the range of 1-10 mPa.s, and the floating agent can reach enough laying thickness in the stratum in the range, but if the conditions allow the viscosity of slickwater to be as low as possible, the laying effect is good and the cost is low.
In addition, the invention optimizes the sand ratio of the floating liquid, which is the volume ratio of the sand adding amount (pile volume) to the sand carrying liquid in the fracturing construction process, and the unit is m 3 /m 3 FIG. 5 is a graph, often expressed as a percentageIn the distribution pattern of the floating agent with different sand ratios in fig. 3 (gray particles in fig. 5 are floating agent particles), it can be seen that the thickness of the obtained separator is too low when the sand ratio is 2% and 4%, and therefore, in the embodiment of the invention, the sand ratio of the floating liquid is 5% -6%.
And S20, injecting the floating liquid into a fracturing fracture of the high-temperature reservoir, and enabling the floating liquid to form a first partition plate at the upper part of the fracturing fracture so as to enable the fracturing fracture to extend downwards.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the floating agent is injected into the fracture, a temporary plugging agent is also injected to plug the front end of the fracture so as to form a second baffle at the front end of the fracture and inhibit the expansion of the fracture along the horizontal direction.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the object model experiment is carried out through the large-scale visual particle migration simulation device, the microscopic migration numerical simulation of the floating agent is carried out by matching with the CFD-DEM, and finally, the discharge capacity during the fracturing construction is optimized. When the displacement is small, the flowing speed of liquid in the pipeline is low, the floating agent is difficult to enter from the mixed liquid tank and quickly floats in the pipeline, and the floating agent is difficult to enter into cracks. When the flow rate is too high, the high flow rate increases the drag force of the upward floating agent migration, and the upward floating agent is carried into the fracture basically. Therefore, the injection flow rate of the floating liquid is preferably 3-5 m 3 /min (linear flow rate about 0.3-0.5 m/s)
In addition, the invention develops the highest plugging pressure test under the condition of different first baffle thicknesses, and the result is shown in the following table 1, the effective plugging pressure gradually increases with the increase of the first baffle thickness, but the relation between the first baffle thickness x and the effective plugging pressure y after fitting the data is as follows: y=0.1005 x 2 –1.2295x+4.4436。
TABLE 1 effective blocking pressure test results for different first separator thicknesses
In the actual operation process, relevant technological parameters can be set by taking table 1 and the relational expression as references according to actual requirements. For example, for an effective blocking pressure of 10MPa, the present invention suggests that the first separator has a thickness of not less than 16cm. According to the application scene of the invention, the thickness of the first baffle is 5.2-17.5 cm.
In addition, in the embodiment of the invention, in the injection process of the floating liquid, a pump stopping process is adopted, namely, after the floating liquid is injected, the pump is stopped for a period of time, particles in the floating agent such as floating beads float upwards to form a first partition board, the pump stopping time is related to the floating speed of the particles in the floating agent such as floating beads, and the floating speeds of the floating beads with the three particle sizes are tested, as shown in table 2, and the pump stopping time is calculated and used for construction.
TABLE 2 flotation speed of flotation agents of different particle sizes
According to the above table, taking the perforation position 2m from the boundary of the storage layer as an example, the first separator can be formed by stopping the pump for 20min, and in summary, in the embodiment of the invention, the forming time of the first separator is at least 20min.
The half-seam length is 120m, the single seam with certain laying concentration is established in Meyer software, the thickness of a reservoir is 100m, the thickness of an upper interlayer of the reservoir is 20m, and the thickness of a lower interlayer of the reservoir is 20m; permeability of 0.1md, and supernatant density of 0.75g/cm 3 Total liquid volume 200m 3 The floating agent accounts for 2% of the total liquid mass and is about 4000kg. According to the invention, the perforation thickness of 20m, 50m and 80m is respectively optimized by stage liquid volume distribution, pumping speed, sand-carrying fluid viscosity and floating agent particle size. The test results were as follows:
(1) To achieve a uniform and good spreading of the flotation agent at a perforation thickness of 20m, a priming pump with a pumping rate of 0.5m is proposed 3 /min, up-floating liquid pumping rate 3m 3 /min, displacement pump pumping rate 4m 3 A/min; front liquid 10m 3 Upper, upperFloat liquid 20m 3 180m of displacement fluid 3 The viscosity of sand-carrying fluid is selected to be 1-10 mPa.s, the grain size of floating agent is 30-50 meshes, and the floating fluid density is 0.75g/cm 3 。
(2) To achieve a uniform and good spreading of the floating agent with a perforation thickness of 50m, a preposed liquid pumping rate of 0.5m is suggested 3 /min, pumping rate of floating liquid 4m 3 /min, displacement pump pumping rate 5m 3 A/min; front liquid 25m 3 Floating up to 50m 3 Displacement fluid 425m 3 。
(3) In order to realize uniform and good spreading of the floating agent with the perforation thickness of 80m, a preposed liquid pumping speed of 2m is suggested 3 /min, up-floating liquid pumping rate 7m 3 /min, displacement pump pumping rate 5m 3 A/min; front liquid 40m 3 Floating up to 80m 3 Displacement fluid 680m 3 。
Because the selected floating agent is suitable for the on-site construction difficulty, the on-site reservoir is characterized in that the underground reservoir is 5000m, the temperature of the reservoir reaches 160 ℃, and the thickness of the reservoir reaches 100m. Aiming at the reservoir, the invention provides optimization of the high-amplitude expansion process parameters of the lower seam in order to increase the probability of communicating the oil-rich gas seam hole and complete safe and efficient transformation. The numerical simulation of frackman floating agent fracturing crack propagation finds that the floating agent needs to be pumped in time in the pre-fluid fracturing stage, the crack passes through the floating baffle plate and then immediately penetrates through the layer to propagate, and the second-stage plugging is needed before the crack passes through the floating baffle plate; in total, two plugging steps are needed, the first plugging step is carried out to 27m, the second plugging step is carried out to 46m, after the second plugging step, cracks can not penetrate through the layer any more, even if the discharge capacity is increased to 12m 3 And/min. Based on the research results, the invention designs a crack form construction scheme with a target half-crack length of 100m and a crack height of about 20m, and the specific design of a floating agent plugging fracturing pumping program is shown in table 3.
Table 3 upward-floating-agent plugging fracturing pump-injection procedure
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but various modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A high strength upward floating agent baffle process for controlling fracture propagation, comprising the steps of:
s10, uniformly mixing a fracturing floating agent and slick water to form an upward floating liquid, wherein the fracturing floating agent comprises floating beads, the inside of each floating bead is honeycomb-shaped, the outside of each floating bead is microsphere-shaped, and the temperature resistance can reach 1600-1700 ℃; the floating beads comprise a mixture of floating beads with the particle size of 20-40 meshes, floating beads with the particle size of 100-120 meshes and floating beads with the particle size of 180-200 meshes, wherein the mass ratio of the floating beads with the particle size of 20-40 meshes to the floating beads with the particle size of 100-120 meshes to the floating beads with the particle size of 180-200 meshes is 1:2:5.2, the viscosity of the slickwater is 1-10 mPa.s;
s20, injecting the floating liquid into a fracture of a high-temperature reservoir, and enabling the floating liquid to form a first partition plate at the upper part of the fracture so as to enable the fracture to extend downwards;
the three particles of the floating agent for fracturing are fully mixed and injected before the floating liquid is injected into the fracturing fracture of the high-temperature reservoir, so that the particles with the particle diameters can be mutually influenced in the floating process of the floating agent particles; the sand ratio of the floating liquid is 5-6%, and the injection flow rate of the floating liquid is 3-5 m 3 /min；
In the injection process of the floating liquid, a pump stopping process is adopted, the pump is stopped for a preset time after the floating liquid is injected, particles in the floating liquid such as floating beads float upwards to form a first baffle plate, the preset time is set according to the floating speed of the floating beads, the floating speed of the floating beads with the particle size of 20-40 meshes is 12.96m/min, the floating speed of the floating beads with the particle size of 100-120 meshes is 0.3m/min, the floating speed of the floating beads with the particle size of 180-200 meshes is 0.108m/min, and when the perforation position is 2m away from the boundary of a storage interlayer, the preset time in the step S20 is 20min;
s30, after the floating agent is injected into the fracture, a temporary plugging agent is injected to plug the front end of the fracture so as to form a second baffle plate at the front end of the fracture, and the expansion of the fracture along the horizontal direction is restrained.
2. The high strength riser separator process for controlling fracture propagation of claim 1, wherein the first separator is formed for at least 20 minutes in step S20.
3. The high strength riser barrier process for controlling fracture propagation of claim 1, wherein the first barrier has a thickness of from 5.2 cm to 17.5cm.
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