CN112361910A - Mining method for accurate delay in-situ blasting and crushing of layered rock mass - Google Patents
Mining method for accurate delay in-situ blasting and crushing of layered rock mass Download PDFInfo
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- CN112361910A CN112361910A CN202011165174.5A CN202011165174A CN112361910A CN 112361910 A CN112361910 A CN 112361910A CN 202011165174 A CN202011165174 A CN 202011165174A CN 112361910 A CN112361910 A CN 112361910A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mining method for accurate delay in-situ blasting crushing of layered rock mass, which comprises the steps of preliminarily analyzing the geological structure of a mining step through geological data of mine engineering, designing and drilling holes and constructing; analyzing the rock stratum from the step profile, comprehensively analyzing by using the backwater of the drill hole and a drill rod, and determining the spatial distribution condition of the rock stratum and the coal bed in the mining step explosion area; carrying out interval charging design in the blast hole by using empirical data, and only designing and filling explosives in the rock stratum; the blasting network design adopts a mode that the explosive charges are arranged row by row and segmented in the hole, and the explosive charges in the back row towards the slope surface direction and in the hole from the earth surface are detonated in the back row; when digging and loading, the rock layers are dug and loaded respectively; and through blasting effect analysis, the charging design in the hole and the initiation delay are continuously optimized. The method reduces the harm of large blocks, root bottoms and flying rocks when the stratified rock mass is mined, improves the blasting quality, can quickly determine the rock stratum distribution, and has the advantages of simple flow, low cost, good field operability and strong adaptability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of strip mine exploitation, in particular to an exploitation method for accurate delay in-situ blasting and crushing of layered rock masses.
Background
In the surface coal mining process, more stratified rock mass is produced, and in the mining process of one stoping step (10-15 m high), rock strata and coal beds can appear alternately. At present, in field mining operation under the condition, one step is adopted to carry out blasting and excavation mining in multiple times; or one-time blasting mining is adopted, the crushed coal and rock are dug and loaded in a mixed mode, and the coal is not recycled. On one hand, the construction is difficult, the working procedures are complicated and the cost is high, on the other hand, the problems of large blocks, flying stones, irregular blasting piles and the like often occur in one-time blasting mining, and even the resource is wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a mining method for the accurate delayed in-situ blasting and crushing of the layered rock mass, which reduces the damage of large blocks, roots and flying rocks during the mining of the layered rock mass, can quickly determine the distribution of the rock mass, and has the advantages of simple flow, low cost, good field operability and strong adaptability.
In order to achieve the technical purpose and achieve the technical effect, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a mining method for accurate delay in-situ blasting and crushing of layered rock mass comprises the following steps:
step 1): preliminarily analyzing the geological structure of the stoping step through geological data of mine engineering, and designing and constructing a drill hole;
step 2): analyzing the rock stratum from the step profile, comprehensively analyzing by using the backwater of the drill hole and a drill rod, and determining the spatial distribution condition of the rock stratum and the coal bed in the mining step explosion area;
step 3): carrying out interval charging design in the blast hole by using empirical data, and only designing and filling explosives in the rock stratum;
step 4): the blasting network design adopts a mode that the explosive charges are arranged row by row and segmented in the hole, and the explosive charges in the back row towards the slope surface direction and in the hole from the earth surface are detonated in the back row;
step 5): when digging and loading, respectively digging and loading rock layers, conveying the broken rocks to a waste rock yard when digging and loading the rock layers, and digging and loading coal layers mechanically and conveying the rock layers to a coal bunker;
step 6): through blasting effect analysis, constantly optimize downthehole powder charge design and detonation time delay to reach the rock stratum normal position breakage and easily dig the dress, and the blasting effect that coal seam, rock stratum do not mix.
Further, in the step 2), by using the fact that the backwater of the drilling hole and the drill rod are used, the backwater of the drilling hole is easy to separate out of the coal bed and the rock stratum, and the length of a drill rod drilling machine is integrated, so that the rock stratum information in a single drilling hole can be analyzed.
Further, in the step 3), the spaced charging means that stemming is adopted for spacing.
Further, in the step 4), the in-hole segmentation means that a plurality of detonation points are arranged in the same drilling hole, and the detonation time of each detonation point is different.
Further, in the step 4), the direction from the back row to the slope surface is the direction from the row of blast holes farthest from the slope surface to the row of blast holes closest to the slope surface.
Further, in step 6), the blasting effect refers to whether the coal bed and the rock stratum are mixed or not.
Further, in the step 6), optimizing the charging design in the hole refers to the charging height of each layer of explosive in the hole.
Further, in the step 6), optimizing the detonation delay refers to the detonation time of each layer of explosive in the hole.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method reduces the harm of large blocks, roots and flying rocks during the mining of the stratified rock mass, improves the blasting quality of the high-efficiency rock stratum mining, can quickly determine the rock stratum distribution, and has the advantages of simple flow, low cost, good field operability and strong adaptability.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. The detailed description of the present invention is given in detail by the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the hole charge configuration in the blast zone of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of a blasting network according to the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
c1-top plate rock stratum, C2-coal bed, C3-bottom plate rock stratum, D1-orifice stemming, D3-middle stemming, D2-upper explosive package, D4-lower explosive package, L1-upper detonating electronic detonator, L2-lower detonating electronic detonator, L3-hole outer detonating network wire, K11, K19, K21, K28, K31, K39, K41, K48, K51, K59-hole numbers, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5-row numbers and S11-slope.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the mining method for the precise delay in-situ blasting and crushing of the layered rock mass comprises the following steps:
step 1): preliminarily analyzing the geological structure of the blasting area through the existing geological data;
referring to fig. 2, the bench mining height of the open-pit coal mine is 11m, a layer of coal is sandwiched between two layers of rocks, the designed mesh parameters are the hole spacing of 8m and the row spacing of 5m, in the embodiment, the diameter of blasting holes K11-K19, K21-K28, K31-K39, K41-K48 and K51-K59 is 138mm, the length of the blasting holes K41-K48 and the length of the blasting holes K51-K59 are 12m, and the ultra-depth of the blasting holes is 1.0 m.
Step 2): analyzing rock strata from a step section, comprehensively analyzing by using backwater of a drill hole and a drill rod, and determining that the thickness of a top plate rock stratum C1 in a mining step explosion area is 5m, the thickness of a coal bed C2 is 2m, and the thickness of a bottom plate rock stratum C3 is 3 m;
step 3): carrying out interval charging design in the blast hole by using empirical data, and only designing and filling explosives in the rock stratum;
referring to FIG. 2, in this example, a 2m long top package D2 was packed in the middle of the roof strata C1, with top package D2 being 2m from the opening and 2m from the coal seam C2; the coal seam C2 is not filled with explosive, and the bottom of the floor rock stratum C3 is filled with a lower explosive package D4; the portion of the blasthole without charges was plugged with the port stemming D1 and the intermediate stemming D3. The upper explosive package D2 and the lower explosive package D4 are internally provided with an upper detonating electronic detonator L1 and a lower detonating electronic detonator L2, and the upper detonating electronic detonator L1 and the lower detonating electronic detonator L2 are connected with an external detonating network line L3.
In this embodiment, the charging structure design diagram of the blast hole in fig. 2 is 4 blast hole design diagrams, and the other charging parameters are adjusted according to the rock stratum inclination angle and the rock stratum thickness change to complete the charging structure design of about 51 blast holes in the whole blasting area.
Step 4): the blasting network design adopts a mode that the explosive charges are arranged row by row and segmented in the hole, and the explosive charges in the back row towards the slope surface direction and in the hole from the earth surface are detonated in the back row;
referring to fig. 2 and 3, the sequence of the detonating rows of the blasting network design is S1 → S2 → S3 → S4 → S5, i.e. the detonating rows are detonated from the direction without the free surface to the direction of the step slope surface S11; the inter-hole initiation sequence is K11 → K19, K21 → K28, K31 → K39, K41 → K48, K51 → K59; the initiation sequence in each hole is that the lower part of the electronic detonator L2 is initiated first, and the upper part of the electronic detonator L1 is initiated later; the row time delay interval is set to 110ms, the inter-hole time delay interval is set to 55ms, the inner time delay interval is set to 25ms, and the initiation point is set to K11 holes.
Step 5): when digging and loading, firstly digging the broken rocks after blasting of the roof-loaded rock stratum C1, if large rocks exist, breaking the rocks by using a breaking hammer, and conveying the broken rocks to a waste rock yard by using a mine car for stacking; digging and loading a coal layer C2, and conveying coal mine stones to a coal bunker by the mine car; and finally, digging the broken rocks after the bottom plate rock stratum C3 blasting, if large rocks exist, breaking the rocks by using a breaking hammer, and conveying the broken rocks to a waste rock yard by using a mine car for piling.
Step 6): through blasting effect analysis, whether the top rock stratum C1, the coal bed C2 and the bottom rock stratum C3 are mixed or not and the block rate are mainly analyzed, and the charging design in the hole and the blasting delay are continuously optimized, so that the blasting effect that rock stratums are broken in situ and easy to dig and load and the coal beds and the rock stratums are not mixed is achieved.
Further, in the step 2), by using the fact that the backwater of the drilling hole and the drill rod are used, the backwater of the drilling hole is easy to separate out of the coal bed and the rock stratum, and the length of a drill rod drilling machine is integrated, so that the rock stratum information in a single drilling hole can be analyzed.
Further, in the step 3), the spaced charging means that stemming is adopted for spacing.
Further, in the step 4), the in-hole segmentation means that a plurality of detonation points are arranged in the same drilling hole, and the detonation time of each detonation point is different; the direction from the back row to the slope surface is the direction from the row of blast holes farthest from the slope surface to the row of blast holes closest to the slope surface.
Further, in the step 6), the blasting effect refers to whether the coal bed and the rock stratum are mixed or not, the optimized charging design in the hole refers to the charging height of each layer of explosive in the hole, and the optimized initiation delay refers to the initiation time of each layer of explosive in the hole.
After the blasting is carried out by using the method, the lump size is uniform, no flying stones exist, and the coal and rock are not mixed; the method meets the quality standardization management requirement of the open pit coal mine.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the rock mass is loosened and crushed by using explosive energy and does not move after being crushed.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A mining method for accurate delay in-situ blasting and crushing of layered rock mass is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1): preliminarily analyzing the geological structure of the stoping step through geological data of mine engineering, and designing and constructing a drill hole;
step 2): analyzing the rock stratum from the step profile, comprehensively analyzing by using the backwater of the drill hole and a drill rod, and determining the spatial distribution condition of the rock stratum and the coal bed in the mining step explosion area;
step 3): carrying out interval charging design in the blast hole by using empirical data, and only designing and filling explosives in the rock stratum;
step 4): the blasting network design adopts a mode that the explosive charges are arranged row by row and segmented in the hole, and the explosive charges in the back row towards the slope surface direction and in the hole from the earth surface are detonated in the back row;
step 5): when digging and loading, respectively digging and loading rock layers, conveying the broken rocks to a waste rock yard when digging and loading the rock layers, and digging and loading coal layers mechanically and conveying the rock layers to a coal bunker;
step 6): through blasting effect analysis, constantly optimize downthehole powder charge design and detonation time delay to reach the rock stratum normal position breakage and easily dig the dress, and the blasting effect that coal seam, rock stratum do not mix.
2. The mining method of the stratified rock mass accurate time-delay in-situ blasting fragmentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2), by using the backwater of the drilling hole and the drill rod, the backwater of the drilling hole is used for easily separating a coal bed and a rock stratum from the onsite rock drilling backwater, and the rock stratum information in a single drilling hole can be analyzed by integrating the length of a drill rod drilling machine.
3. The mining method of the stratified rock mass accurate time-delay in-situ blasting fragmentation according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step 3), the spaced charging refers to spacing by using stemming.
4. A mining method of stratified rock mass accurate time-lapse in-situ blasting fragmentation as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the step 4), the in-hole segmentation means that a plurality of detonation points are arranged in the same drilling hole, and the detonation time of each detonation point is different.
5. The mining method of the stratified rock mass accurate time-delay in-situ blasting fragmentation according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step 4), the direction from the back row to the slope surface is the direction from the row of blast holes farthest from the slope surface to the row of blast holes closest to the slope surface.
6. The mining method of the stratified rock mass accurate time-delay in-situ blasting fragmentation according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step 6), the blasting effect refers to whether the coal bed and the rock stratum are mixed or not.
7. The mining method of the stratified rock mass accurate time-delay in-situ blasting fragmentation according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the step 6), the optimized charging design in the hole refers to the charging height of each layer of explosive in the hole.
8. The mining method of the stratified rock mass accurate time-delay in-situ blasting fragmentation according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step 6), the optimized initiation delay refers to the initiation time of each explosive charge layer in the hole.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113390309A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-14 | 新疆工程学院 | Complex rock blasting method for open pit coal mine in arid region |
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| CN104296609A (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2015-01-21 | 武汉大学 | Different-hardness-degree rock stratum blasting control method used in deep-hole bench blasting |
| CN107328327A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-07 | 广东锡源爆破科技股份有限公司 | The soft or hard blast hole loading structure and its method for being mingled with beded rock mass Long-hole Bench Blasting |
| CN110132080A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-16 | 内蒙古科技大学 | A kind of open-pit high bench In-hole short delay blasting method |
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2020
- 2020-10-27 CN CN202011165174.5A patent/CN112361910A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0130774D0 (en) * | 2001-03-20 | 2002-02-06 | T & Rb Co Ltd | Method of blasting bench of rock with improved blasting efficiency and reduced blasting nuisance |
| CN1886635A (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2006-12-27 | 澳瑞凯炸药技术有限公司 | Method of blasting multiple layers or levels of rock |
| CN102607353A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-07-25 | 薛世忠 | Open bench inter-hole differential control blasting method |
| CN103184887A (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2013-07-03 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for underground tunnel drilling construction and geological information inversing |
| CN104296609A (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2015-01-21 | 武汉大学 | Different-hardness-degree rock stratum blasting control method used in deep-hole bench blasting |
| CN107328327A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-07 | 广东锡源爆破科技股份有限公司 | The soft or hard blast hole loading structure and its method for being mingled with beded rock mass Long-hole Bench Blasting |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113390309A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-14 | 新疆工程学院 | Complex rock blasting method for open pit coal mine in arid region |
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Application publication date: 20210212 |