CN112351406B - High-throughput vehicle networking roadside unit deployment method, system, medium and application - Google Patents
High-throughput vehicle networking roadside unit deployment method, system, medium and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle networking under a highway scene, and discloses a high-throughput vehicle networking roadside unit deployment method, a system, a medium and application. The invention provides a low-complexity and high-efficiency RSU deployment method. When the RSU is deployed beside the expressway, the RSU deployment position is optimized by segmenting the road and calculating the data throughput of the vehicle nodes in the driving process of the expressway, so that the high throughput of the Internet of vehicles is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle networking under a highway scene, and particularly relates to a high-throughput vehicle networking roadside unit deployment method, a high-throughput vehicle networking roadside unit deployment system, a high-throughput vehicle networking roadside unit deployment medium and application.
Background
At present: with the development of intelligent internet of things and internet of things technology, automobiles are no longer just walking tools consisting of controllers and actuators. The vehicle-vehicle interconnection and vehicle-road cooperation become two choices for improving the traveling efficiency of the vehicle and reducing the accident rate of the vehicle. An internet of vehicles (car networking) consisting of an On Board Unit (OBU) and a Road Side Unit (RSU) has become a mainstream target of urban traffic and automobile upgrading in the future. In the scenario of the internet of vehicles, the movement of vehicles is limited by the road topology, and the diversity of the road structure and the high-speed movement of automobiles have a considerable influence on the performance analysis and optimization of the internet of vehicles. The method has the advantages that the moving speed of automobiles in the expressway scene is high, the accident consequences are serious, the network throughput is improved as much as possible in the process of vehicle networking deployment, and the smoothness of information transmission is guaranteed, so that the research of the RSU deployment method on the expressway is one of key problems to be researched in the vehicle networking.
In the internet of vehicles, vehicles move faster, the topology changes frequently, and the communication between vehicles may cause the reduction of network throughput due to the instability of channels. In order to solve this problem, the communication of the internet of vehicles requires the assistance of RSUs, that is, RSUs are deployed on the road side where vehicles travel, and all RSUs are used as relay nodes when vehicles transmit and receive data. The automobile firstly sends information to the nearest RSU, information transmission is carried out between the RSUs, and when other automobiles are nearby the RSU, the information is sent to the automobile. Through the auxiliary transmission of the RSU, all automobiles in the internet of vehicles can realize information sharing.
The vehicle networking communication adopts an ieee802.11p protocol, also called WAVE (Wireless Access in the Vehicular Environment), is mainly used for Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC), and the application level comprises data exchange between high-speed vehicles and between the vehicles and a standard RSU, and the communication frequency is in a 5.9 gigahertz (5.85-5.925 gigahertz) band. RSU is expensive and has small communication distance, one available communication node needs about fifteen thousand RMB, and the communication range is only about 300 meters. In a long-distance and large-range vehicle networking communication scene such as a highway, the RSU is difficult to fully cover, so that the problem that how to improve the data throughput of the vehicle networking system as much as possible by using the limited number of RSUs is solved when the vehicle networking system lands. Currently, a common RSU deployment strategy is uniform deployment, that is, RSUs are deployed at equal distances on both sides of a road. The deployment method considers factors such as network topology change, vehicle aggregation and the like, and can cause the RSU to be idle for a long time in an area with sparse vehicles, so that resource waste is caused, and phenomena such as queuing, data blockage and the like are generated when the RSU is used in the area with aggregated vehicles. The invention fully considers the factors of vehicle distribution and realizes the high throughput of the Internet of vehicles by utilizing less RSUs.
To date, few documents have studied car networking scenarios on highways.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: how to improve the data throughput of the internet of vehicles as much as possible by using the limited number of RSUs is a problem which needs to be solved when the internet of vehicles falls to the ground.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: the highway is long in distance, the cost for deploying the RSU by the traditional uniform deployment method is high, the RSU is idle for a long time in an area with sparse vehicles due to factors such as vehicle aggregation and the like which can occur in a highway pit, resource waste is caused, and queuing, data blockage and the like are caused when the RSU is used in the area with the vehicle aggregation.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: through the reasonable deployment of the RSU, the higher data throughput of the Internet of vehicles can be realized by using less RSUs, the deployment cost of the Internet of vehicles is reduced, and the data throughput of the Internet of vehicles is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a high-throughput vehicle networking roadside unit deployment method, a high-throughput vehicle networking roadside unit deployment system, a high-throughput vehicle networking roadside unit deployment medium and application.
The invention is realized in such a way that a high-throughput vehicle networking roadside unit deployment method achieves high throughput of the vehicle networking by optimizing the deployment position of RSUs, high-speed highways are segmented, the middle point of each section of the highways is used as a candidate deployment point of the RSUs, when a new RSU needs to be deployed, the network coverage rate of the RSUs respectively deployed at each candidate deployment point is calculated by using the vehicle networking coverage rate calculation method provided by the invention, the roadside unit is placed on the candidate deployment point which enables the vehicle networking coverage rate to be maximum, and the steps are repeated until all the RSUs are deployed.
Further, the high-throughput vehicle networking roadside unit deployment method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a coordinate system is established by taking the starting point of the highway as the origin, taking the central separation belt as an x axis and taking a straight line which is vertical to the x axis and passes through the origin of coordinates as a y axis;
secondly, averagely dividing the highway to be deployed with the roadside units into sections;
thirdly, taking the intermediate point of the central separation belt of each section of the road as an optional deployment point of the roadside unit;
fourthly, setting a vector, and initializing the vector to be a zero vector when the roadside unit is placed at the deployment point;
fifthly, when a roadside unit needs to be deployed, respectively calculating the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles when the roadside unit is placed at different candidate deployment points where the roadside unit is not placed;
sixthly, comparing the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles when the roadside units are respectively placed at the candidate deployment points where the roadside units are not placed, and placing the roadside units at the candidate deployment points where the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles is the maximum;
and seventhly, if the roadside units need to be deployed, jumping to the situation that when one roadside unit needs to be deployed, respectively calculating the total throughput of the vehicle networking when the roadside unit is placed at different candidate deployment points where the roadside unit is not placed, and continuing to deploy the next roadside unit until all the roadside units are deployed.
Further, the first step quantifies each parameter in the scene by establishing a rectangular coordinate system, taking the starting point of the expressway as the origin, the central separation band as the x-axis, a straight line which is perpendicular to the x-axis and passes through the origin of coordinates as the y-axis to establish a coordinate system, and the starting coordinates of the ith expressway are used(s) i And 0) represents that the starting coordinate of the i +1 th section of the expressway is(s) i+1 And 0) is shown.
Further, the second step is to deploy the highway of roadside unitsThe road is divided into N sections averagely, the distance of each section is represented by d and v i The speed of the highway in the ith section is shown, and the width of the highway in one direction is shown as l.
Further, the third step takes the middle point of each road central division strip as a candidate deployment point of the roadside unit, and the number of the deployment points is N.
Further, the fourth step sets a vector e = (e) 1 ,e 2 ...e n ,...,e N ) When the deployment point of the nth road section places the roadside unit, e n =1, otherwise e n =0, vector e is initialized to a zero vector.
Further, when a roadside unit needs to be deployed, the fifth step of calculating the total throughput of the internet of vehicles when the roadside unit is placed at different candidate deployment points where the roadside unit is not yet placed respectively, wherein the throughput calculation formula is as follows:
where P is the transmit power of the roadside unit, h is the channel gain, t is the integral variable, β is the noise, j 0 Is the number, x, of the road segment to which the roadside unit closest to the user's vehicle belongs j0 Is the abscissa of the roadside unit closest to the automobile, α is the path attenuation index of the signal, I is the interference to the user by the roadside units other than the roadside unit closest to the user, and the calculation process of I is as follows:
where j is the road segment number where the roadside unit has been placed, x j Is the abscissa of the roadside unit on the jth road segment.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of:
the high throughput of the vehicle networking is achieved by optimizing the deployment position of the RSU, the expressway is segmented, the middle point of each section of the expressway is used as a candidate deployment point of the RSU, when a new RSU needs to be deployed, the network coverage rate of the RSU deployed at each candidate deployment point is calculated by the vehicle networking coverage rate calculation method, the roadside unit is placed on the candidate deployment point enabling the vehicle networking coverage rate to be maximum, and the process is repeated until all the RSUs are deployed completely.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a high throughput roadside unit deployment system of internet of vehicles for implementing the method, the system comprising:
the coordinate system establishing module is used for establishing a coordinate system by taking the starting point of the expressway as an origin, taking the central dividing strip as an x axis and taking a straight line which is perpendicular to the x axis and passes through the origin of the coordinates as a y axis;
the road section dividing module is used for dividing the average road section of the highway on which the roadside units need to be deployed;
the selectable deployment point module is used for taking the middle point of the central separation belt of each section of road as a selectable deployment point of the roadside unit;
the vector setting module is used for setting a vector, and initializing the vector into a zero vector when the roadside unit is placed at the deployment point;
the total throughput calculation module is used for respectively calculating the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles when the roadside unit is placed at different candidate deployment points where the roadside unit is not placed when the roadside unit needs to be deployed;
the total throughput comparison module is used for comparing the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles when the roadside units are respectively placed at the candidate deployment points where the roadside units are not placed, and placing the roadside units on the candidate deployment points which can enable the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles to be maximum;
and the roadside unit deployment modules are used for realizing that when a roadside unit needs to be deployed, the total throughput of the vehicle networking is calculated when the roadside unit is placed at different candidate deployment points where the roadside unit is not yet placed to continuously deploy the next roadside unit until all the roadside units complete deployment.
The invention also aims to provide a vehicle networking terminal which carries the high-throughput vehicle networking roadside unit deployment system.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the invention achieves high throughput of the Internet of vehicles by optimizing the deployment position of the RSU. And segmenting the highway, and taking the middle point of each highway as a candidate deployment point of the RSU. When a new RSU needs to be deployed, the network coverage rate of the RSU respectively deployed at each candidate deployment point is calculated by using the method for calculating the coverage rate of the Internet of vehicles, the roadside unit is placed on the candidate deployment point which enables the coverage rate of the Internet of vehicles to be maximum, and the steps are repeated until all the RSUs are deployed. The core of the invention is a calculation method of network throughput and a selection method of RSU deployment points. The method is suitable for the internet of vehicles in the expressway scene, and can realize high data throughput of the internet of vehicles. Aiming at the characteristics of long networking distance, few RSU nodes, high speed, frequent topology change and the like in the expressway scene, the invention provides a low-complexity and high-efficiency RSU deployment method. When the RSU is deployed beside the expressway, the RSU deployment position is optimized by segmenting the road and calculating the data throughput of the vehicle nodes in the driving process of the expressway, so that the high throughput of the Internet of vehicles is achieved.
The RSU deployment method suitable for the expressway is designed according to the actual requirements of the expressway Internet of vehicles scene and aiming at the characteristics of long distance, few nodes, high speed, frequent topology change and the like in the scene. The invention has lower realization complexity, and segments the highway, and the intermediate point of each segment is a candidate deployment node of the RSU. The throughput of the whole network when the RSU is deployed in one node can be obtained only by the calculation formula (1), so that the optimal deployment position of the RSU can be obtained by a small number of calculation times. The invention achieves high throughput of the overall network by optimizing the throughput of each RSU.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a high throughput roadside unit deployment method of the internet of vehicles according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-throughput Internet of vehicles roadside unit deployment system provided by an embodiment of the invention;
in FIG. 2: 1. a coordinate system establishing module; 2. a road segment dividing module; 3. an optional deployment point module; 4. a vector setting module; 5. a total throughput calculation module; 6. a total throughput comparison module; 7. all roadside units deploy modules.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a mathematical model provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a scenario provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a method, a system, a medium and an application for deploying a roadside unit of a high throughput car networking, and the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the high throughput car networking wayside unit deployment method provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:
s101: establishing a coordinate system by taking the starting point of the expressway as an origin, taking the central dividing strip as an x axis and taking a straight line which is vertical to the x axis and passes through the origin of coordinates as a y axis;
s102: averagely dividing the highway on which the roadside units need to be deployed into sections;
s103: taking the middle point of each road central division strip as a selectable deployment point of the roadside unit;
s104: setting a vector, and initializing the vector to be a zero vector when the roadside unit is placed at the deployment point;
s105: when a roadside unit needs to be deployed, respectively calculating the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles when the roadside unit is placed at different candidate deployment points where the roadside unit is not placed;
s106: comparing the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles when the roadside units are respectively placed at the candidate deployment points where the roadside units are not placed, and placing the roadside units on the candidate deployment points which can enable the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles to be maximum;
s107: and if the roadside units need to be deployed, respectively calculating the total throughput of the vehicle networking when the roadside units are placed at different candidate deployment points where the roadside units are not placed to continue to deploy the next roadside unit until all the roadside units complete deployment.
Those skilled in the art of the high throughput roadside unit deployment method of the internet of vehicles provided by the present invention can also implement the method by adopting other steps, and the high throughput roadside unit deployment method of the internet of vehicles provided by the present invention of fig. 1 is only a specific embodiment.
As shown in fig. 2, the high throughput internet of vehicles roadside unit deployment system provided by the present invention comprises:
the coordinate system establishing module 1 is used for establishing a coordinate system by taking the starting point of the expressway as an original point, taking the central dividing strip as an x-axis and taking a straight line which is vertical to the x-axis and passes through the original point of the coordinate as a y-axis;
the road section dividing module 2 is used for dividing the average road section of the highway where the roadside units need to be deployed;
the selectable deployment point module 3 is used for taking the middle point of each road central division strip as a selectable deployment point of the roadside unit;
the vector setting module 4 is used for setting a vector, and initializing the vector to be a zero vector when the roadside unit is placed at the deployment point;
the total throughput calculation module 5 is used for respectively calculating the total throughput of the internet of vehicles when the roadside unit is placed at different candidate deployment points where the roadside unit is not placed when the roadside unit needs to be deployed;
the total throughput comparison module 6 is used for comparing the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles when the roadside units are respectively placed at the candidate deployment points where the roadside units are not placed, and placing the roadside units on the candidate deployment points which can enable the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles to be maximum;
and the all roadside unit deployment modules 7 are used for respectively calculating the total throughput of the internet of vehicles when the roadside units are placed at different candidate deployment points where the roadside units are not placed to continuously deploy the next roadside unit until all the roadside units complete deployment when the roadside units need to be deployed when a roadside unit needs to be deployed.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention is illustrated in a schematic diagram of a mathematical model of internet of vehicles on a highway shown in fig. 3. When one or more RSUs need to be deployed, the RSU deployment method is adopted to be deployed beside a highway.
As shown in fig. 3, the one-way width of the highway of the present invention is l, wherein the "RSU deployment method" specifically includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: each parameter in the scene is quantified by establishing a rectangular coordinate system, as shown in fig. 3, a coordinate system is established by taking the starting point of the expressway as the origin, the central division strip as the x-axis, a straight line which is perpendicular to the x-axis and passes through the origin of coordinates as the y-axis, and the starting coordinate of the ith expressway is used(s) i And 0) represents that the starting coordinate of the i +1 th section of the expressway is(s) i+1 0) represents;
step two: averagely dividing the highway required to be deployed with roadside units into N sections, wherein the distance of each section is represented by d and v i The speed of the expressway at the ith section is represented, and the width of the unidirectional expressway is represented by l;
step three: taking the intermediate point of each road central division strip as a candidate deployment point of a roadside unit, wherein N deployment points are provided in total;
step four: setting vector e = (e) 1 ,e 2 ...e n ,...,e N ) When the deployment point of the nth road section places the roadside unit, e n =1, otherwise e n =0, vector e is initialized to a zero vector;
step five: when a roadside unit needs to be deployed, the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles when the roadside unit is placed at different candidate deployment points where the roadside unit is not placed is calculated respectively, and the throughput calculation formula is as follows:
where P is the transmit power of the roadside unit, h is the channel gain, t is the integral variable, β is the noise, j 0 Is the number, x, of the road segment to which the roadside unit closest to the user's vehicle belongs j0 The abscissa of the roadside unit closest to the automobile, alpha is the path attenuation index of the signal, I is the interference of the roadside units except the roadside unit closest to the user, and the calculation process of I is as follows:
where j is the road segment number where the roadside unit has been placed, x j Is the abscissa of the roadside unit on the jth road segment;
step six: after the RSU is deployed to a candidate deployment point every time, the throughput of the Internet of vehicles can be calculated according to the formulas (3) and (4), the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles when the roadside units are respectively placed at the candidate deployment points where the roadside units are not placed is compared, and the roadside units are placed at the candidate deployment points where the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles can be made the largest;
step seven: if the roadside units need to be deployed, jumping to the fifth step to continue to deploy the next roadside unit until all the roadside units are deployed;
step eight: and (6) ending.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention can be realized by hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware portions may be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portions may be stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or specially designed hardware. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the apparatus and methods described above may be implemented using computer executable instructions and/or embodied in processor control code, for example such code provided on a carrier medium such as a diskette, CD-or DVD-ROM, a programmable memory such as read-only memory (firmware) or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. The apparatus and its modules of the present invention may be implemented by hardware circuits such as very large scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., or by software executed by various types of processors, or by a combination of hardware circuits and software, e.g., firmware.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A high-throughput Internet of vehicles roadside unit deployment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a coordinate system is established by taking the starting point of the highway as the origin, taking the central separation belt as an x axis and taking a straight line which is vertical to the x axis and passes through the origin of coordinates as a y axis;
secondly, averagely dividing the highway on which the roadside units need to be deployed into sections;
thirdly, taking the middle point of each section of road central separation belt as a selectable deployment point of the roadside unit;
fourthly, setting a vector, and initializing the vector to be a zero vector when the roadside unit is placed at the deployment point;
fifthly, when a roadside unit needs to be deployed, respectively calculating the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles when the roadside unit is placed at different candidate deployment points where the roadside unit is not placed;
sixthly, comparing the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles when the roadside units are respectively placed at the candidate deployment points where the roadside units are not placed, and placing the roadside units at the candidate deployment points which can enable the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles to be maximum;
seventhly, if the roadside units need to be deployed, jumping to the situation that when one roadside unit needs to be deployed, respectively calculating the total throughput of the vehicle networking when the roadside unit is placed at different candidate deployment points where the roadside unit is not placed, and continuing to deploy the next roadside unit until all the roadside units are deployed;
in the first step, each parameter in a scene is quantified by establishing a rectangular coordinate system, a coordinate system is established by taking the starting point of the expressway as an origin, the central separation strip as an x-axis, a straight line which is perpendicular to the x-axis and passes through the origin of coordinates as a y-axis, and the starting coordinate of the ith expressway is used(s) i And 0) represents that the initial coordinate of the i +1 th highway is(s) i+1 0) represents;
the second step is that the highway to be deployed with the roadside units is averagely divided into N sections, the distance of each section is represented by d and v i The speed of the highway in the ith section is shown, and the width of the highway in one direction is shown as l.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the third step uses the middle point of each road center strip as a candidate deployment point for the roadside unit, for a total of N deployment points.
3. The high throughput internet of vehicles wayside unit of claim 2Meta-deployment method, characterized in that said fourth step sets a vector e = (e) 1 ,e 2 ...e n ,...,e N ) When the deployment point of the nth road section places the roadside unit, e n =1, otherwise e n =0, the vector e is initialized to a zero vector.
4. The method for deploying roadside units of a high-throughput internet of vehicles according to claim 3, wherein in the fifth step, when a roadside unit needs to be deployed, the total throughput of the internet of vehicles when the roadside unit is placed at different candidate deployment points where the roadside unit is not yet placed is respectively calculated, and the throughput calculation formula is as follows:
where P is the transmit power of the roadside unit, h is the channel gain, t is the integral variable, β Is a noise, and is a sound wave, j 0 is the number of the road section to which the roadside unit closest to the user vehicle belongs,
the abscissa of the roadside unit closest to the automobile, alpha is the path attenuation index of the signal, I is the interference of the roadside units except the roadside unit closest to the user, and the calculation process of I is as follows:
where j is the road segment number where the roadside unit has been placed, x j Is the abscissa of the roadside unit on the jth road segment.
5. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the high throughput internet of vehicles roadside unit deployment method of any one of claims 1-4.
6. A high-throughput Internet of vehicles roadside unit deployment system implementing the method of any one of claims 1-4, comprising:
the coordinate system establishing module is used for establishing a coordinate system by taking the starting point of the expressway as an original point, taking the central dividing strip as an x-axis and taking a straight line which is vertical to the x-axis and passes through the original point of the coordinate as a y-axis;
the road section dividing module is used for dividing the average road section of the highway on which the roadside units need to be deployed;
the selectable deployment point module is used for taking the middle point of each section of road central separation strip as a selectable deployment point of the roadside unit;
the vector setting module is used for setting vectors, and initializing the vectors into zero vectors when the roadside units are placed at the deployment points;
the total throughput calculation module is used for respectively calculating the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles when the roadside unit is placed at different candidate deployment points where the roadside unit is not placed when the roadside unit needs to be deployed;
the total throughput comparison module is used for comparing the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles when the roadside units are respectively placed at the candidate deployment points where the roadside units are not placed, and placing the roadside units on the candidate deployment points which can enable the total throughput of the Internet of vehicles to be maximum;
and the roadside unit deployment modules are used for realizing that when a roadside unit needs to be deployed, the total throughput of the vehicle networking is calculated when the roadside unit is placed at different candidate deployment points where the roadside unit is not yet placed to continuously deploy the next roadside unit until all the roadside units complete deployment.
7. An internet of vehicles terminal, characterized in that the internet of vehicles terminal carries the high throughput internet of vehicles roadside unit deployment system of claim 6.
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