CN112345624A - High-sensitivity metal wear particle detection sensor based on giant magnetoresistance effect - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-sensitivity metal wear particle detection sensor based on a giant magnetoresistance effect, which comprises the following components: a sensor module: the detection of tiny metal wear particles in the lubricating oil is realized; the signal excitation and acquisition module: the invention realizes that a sensor module outputs a high-frequency excitation source and detects a signal of a tiny wear particle, a high-frequency excitation current is introduced into a sensor excitation coil to form a high-frequency alternating magnetic field in the internal space of the sensor, when lubricating oil with tiny metal wear particles flows through a detection unit pipeline, a local magnetic field in the sensor generates disturbance, the alternating current resistance of a magnetic sensitive element in a detection unit changes obviously, a signal measurement system can estimate the particle size and the quantity distribution of the wear particle in the lubricating oil by measuring the difference of the alternating current resistance of the magnetic sensitive element in the detection unit and a reference unit, and the accuracy of estimation and detection is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a particle detection sensor, in particular to a high-sensitivity metal wear particle detection sensor based on a giant magnetoresistance effect, and belongs to the technical field of particle detection.
Background
During the operation of mechanical equipment, a large amount of wear particles are generated due to the mutual movement of the kinematic pairs. These wear particles contain a large amount of information on the state of wear of mechanical equipment as a result of wear phenomena; meanwhile, the wear particles move with the lubricating oil in the mechanical system, so that the wear phenomenon of the mechanical equipment is further aggravated. The lubricating oil is usually like blood of mechanical equipment, so that the characteristics (including abrasive particle material attributes, abrasive particle shapes, abrasive particle sizes, abrasive particle quantity distribution and the like) of wear particles in the lubricating oil are monitored on line, the real-time assessment and detection of the wear state of the mechanical equipment are facilitated, and the lubricating oil has important significance for early fault diagnosis and forecast of the mechanical equipment.
At present, various research institutions at home and abroad have carried out a great deal of research work aiming at the wear particle online monitoring technology, and in general, the technology can be divided into two types as a whole: off-line wear particle detection techniques and on-line wear particle detection techniques. The off-line wear particle detection technology mainly adopts a spectral analysis method, an iron spectrum analysis method, a particle counting method and the like. Such techniques have evolved to maturity and are being used in a wide variety of industrial settings. However, the technology needs to sample lubricating oil of mechanical equipment for a long time and perform laboratory analysis at a later stage, so that the required workload is large, and the detection result usually lags behind the real-time running state of the equipment; in addition, since the operation of such devices is generally complicated and requires professional device operation knowledge, the accuracy of the detection result depends heavily on the skill level of the device operator. The online wear particle detection system can be directly installed in a mechanical equipment lubricating system and can detect wear particle information in lubricating oil in real time, so that the online wear particle detection system gradually replaces the traditional offline wear particle detection means. The detection principle adopted by the sensor mainly comprises the following steps: optical principles, electrical principles, acoustic principles, and electromagnetic principles. And the electromagnetic wear particle detection system represented by a MetaScan wear particle detection system developed and researched by GasTops of Canada shows a super-strong application prospect in the field of wear detection of large mechanical equipment in a complex environment. The sensor judges the material property (ferromagnetic wear particles/non-ferromagnetic wear particles; ferromagnetic wear particles can enhance the local magnetic field, and non-ferromagnetic wear particles can weaken the local magnetic field) and the granularity (the magnetic energy change degree of the magnetic field caused by the wear particles is in direct proportion to the granularity of the wear particles) of the wear particles by detecting the local magnetic field disturbance characteristics and degree of the sensor caused by the tiny metal wear particles. However, the detection principle of the magnetic detection sensor is mainly based on the electromagnetic induction effect, and the physical effect has weak sensitivity to the change of a weak magnetic field, so that the sensitivity of the electromagnetic wear particle detection sensor is substantially limited to be greatly improved and the detection capability of the micro metal wear particles is essentially limited. In recent years, with the gradual and deep prospective researches on micro/nano tribology, ecological/environmental tribology, human tribology and the like, the requirement for detecting the abrasion in a smaller scale range is also obviously increased; in addition, the rapid development of precision machinery and micro-electromechanical systems applied to special environments such as space, polar regions, oceans and the like also rapidly shows the shortage of ultra-high-sensitivity micro-wear online detection methods and systems in special/extreme environments in China, and the technical barriers caused by the method seriously hinder the evaluation and detection of the wear state of the friction interface of the precision element.
Therefore, the research on the micro wear particle detection sensor based on the novel weak magnetic field sensitive effect has become a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a high-sensitivity metal wear particle detection sensor based on the giant magnetoresistance effect, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a high-sensitivity metal wear particle detection sensor based on giant magnetoresistance effect comprises the following components:
a sensor module: the detection of tiny metal wear particles in the lubricating oil is realized;
the signal excitation and acquisition module: the sensor module outputs a high-frequency excitation source and detects a signal of the micro wear particles;
and (3) upper computer software: and particle size estimation and quantity statistics of the collected wear particle signals are realized.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the sensor module includes a detection unit flow channel, a reference unit flow channel, an upper sensor shield shell, a sensitive element seat, a reference unit GMR sensitive element, a detection unit GMR sensitive element, an excitation coil, and a lower sensor shield shell;
the detection unit flow channel and the detection unit GMR sensitive element jointly form a sensor detection unit; the reference unit flow channel and the reference unit GMR sensitive element jointly form a sensor reference unit; the two unit structures are completely the same and are symmetrically arranged in the sensor module;
the GMR sensitive element of the detection unit and the GMR sensitive element of the reference unit are respectively and symmetrically arranged above the sensitive element seat, the flow channel of the detection unit and the flow channel of the reference unit are respectively arranged above the GMR sensitive element of the detection unit and the GMR sensitive element of the reference unit, the excitation coil is arranged below the sensitive element seat, and the bottom end of the upper shielding shell of the sensor is fixedly connected with the top end of the lower shielding shell of the sensor.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the signal excitation and collection module includes a high-frequency current source, two ac impedance tests and a signal collection, the two ac impedance tests are respectively electrically connected to the reference unit GMR sensitive element and the detection unit GMR sensitive element, the two ac impedance tests are in transmission connection with the upper computer software through the signal collection, and the high-frequency current source is electrically connected to the reference unit GMR sensitive element and the detection unit GMR sensitive element through the excitation coil.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the detection unit flow channel, the reference unit flow channel and the sensitive element seat are all made of magnetic inert materials.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the sensor upper shielding shell and the sensor lower shielding shell are both made of ferromagnetic material with high magnetic permeability.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the high-sensitivity metal wear particle detection sensor based on the giant magnetoresistance effect, a high-frequency excitation current is introduced into a sensor excitation coil to form a high-frequency alternating magnetic field in the internal space of the sensor, when lubricating oil with tiny metal wear particles flows through a detection unit pipeline, a local magnetic field in the sensor can generate disturbance, and at the moment, the alternating current resistance of a magnetic sensitive element in a detection unit can be obviously changed. The signal measurement system can estimate the particle size and the quantity distribution of the wear particles in the lubricating oil through measuring the difference of the alternating current resistances of the magnetic sensitive elements in the detection unit and the reference unit, so that the accuracy of evaluation and detection is improved, the effective detection of the tiny metal wear particles is realized, and the practicability is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the sensor module of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of a sensor signal acquisition module of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a detection unit flow channel; 2. a reference cell flow channel; 3. a sensor upper shield shell; 4. a sensitive element seat; 5. a reference cell GMR sensitive element; 6. a detection unit GMR sensitive element; 7. a field coil; 8. the sensor is provided with a lower shielding shell.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution of a high-sensitivity metal wear particle detection sensor based on the giant magnetoresistance effect:
as shown in fig. 1-3, the method comprises the following composition structures:
a sensor module: the detection of tiny metal wear particles in the lubricating oil is realized;
the signal excitation and acquisition module: the sensor module outputs a high-frequency excitation source and detects a signal of the micro wear particles;
and (3) upper computer software: and particle size estimation and quantity statistics of the collected wear particle signals are realized.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the sensor module includes a detection unit flow channel 1, a reference unit flow channel 2, an upper sensor shield case 3, a sensing element seat 4, a reference unit GMR sensing element 5, a detection unit GMR sensing element 6, an excitation coil 7, and a lower sensor shield case 8;
the detection unit flow channel 1 and the detection unit GMR sensitive element 6 jointly form a sensor detection unit; the reference unit flow channel 2 and the reference unit GMR sensitive element 5 jointly form a sensor reference unit; the two unit structures are completely the same and are symmetrically arranged in the sensor module;
the GMR sensitive element 6 of the detection unit and the GMR sensitive element 5 of the reference unit are respectively and symmetrically arranged above the sensitive element seat 4, the flow channel 1 of the detection unit and the flow channel 2 of the reference unit are respectively arranged above the GMR sensitive element 6 of the detection unit and the GMR sensitive element 5 of the reference unit, the excitation coil 7 is arranged below the sensitive element seat 4, and the bottom end of the upper shielding shell 3 of the sensor is fixedly connected with the top end of the lower shielding shell 8 of the sensor.
The signal excitation and acquisition module comprises a high-frequency current source, two alternating current impedance tests and signal acquisition, wherein the two alternating current impedance tests are respectively and electrically connected with a reference unit GMR sensitive element 5 and a detection unit GMR sensitive element 6, the two alternating current impedance tests are in transmission connection with upper computer software through the signal acquisition, the high-frequency current source is electrically connected with the reference unit GMR sensitive element 5 and the detection unit GMR sensitive element 6 through an excitation coil 7 to realize the purpose that a sensor module outputs a high-frequency excitation source and detects signals of micro wear particles, a detection unit flow passage 1, a reference unit flow passage 2 and a sensitive element seat 3 are all made of magnetic inert materials, the influence of oil flow passage materials on the output characteristic of the sensor is eliminated, an upper shielding shell 3 and a lower shielding shell 8 of the sensor are all made of ferromagnetic materials with high magnetic conductivity to realize the, the influence of the disturbance of the ambient magnetic field on the magnetic sensitive element in the sensor is reduced.
The first embodiment is as follows: when the sensor works, the signal excitation and acquisition module outputs high-frequency alternating current to the excitation coil 7, a high-frequency alternating magnetic field is generated inside the sensor module, and the sensor detection units and the reference units are symmetrically arranged inside the sensor module, so that the distribution conditions of the magnetic fields of the units are completely the same. When lubricating oil with metal wear particles flows through the flow channel 1 of the detection unit, the local magnetic field of the part can generate magnetic disturbance, and the alternating current resistance of the GMR magnetic sensitive element 6 of the detection unit can generate obvious change. Because the GMR magnetic sensitive element has higher sensitivity to weak magnetic change, in order to eliminate the influence of weak change of an environmental magnetic field (such as geomagnetic field difference caused by position change of the sensor) on the output characteristic of the sensor, the reference unit of the sensor is always in a null state, and therefore the GMR magnetic sensitive element 5 of the reference unit is mainly used for generating a reference signal of the environmental magnetic field change;
in the above embodiments, a schematic block diagram of the detection of the sensor signal in the sensor excitation and detection unit is shown in fig. 3, in which the GMR sensor 6 of the detection unit and the GMR sensor 5 of the reference unit are both used as the variable resistance portion of the wheatstone bridge. The alternating current resistance change of the GMR sensitive element 6 of the detection unit caused by the metal wear particles can be effectively extracted through a phase-locked amplification technology, secondary filtering of residual interference is realized through a signal filtering part, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of wear particle signals is improved, and the granularity and the quantity of the metal wear particles in the lubricating oil can be reflected through measuring a differential signal of the alternating current resistance change between the GMR magnetic sensitive element 6 of the detection unit and the GMR magnetic sensitive element 5 of the reference unit by a signal acquisition part.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but are not intended to indicate or imply that the indicated devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, for example, it may be fixedly attached, detachably attached, or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the terms may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate, and may be communication between two elements or interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specifically limited, and the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention will be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A high-sensitivity metal wear particle detection sensor based on giant magnetoresistance effect is characterized by comprising the following components:
a sensor module: the detection of tiny metal wear particles in the lubricating oil is realized;
the signal excitation and acquisition module: the sensor module outputs a high-frequency excitation source and detects a signal of the micro wear particles;
and (3) upper computer software: and particle size estimation and quantity statistics of the collected wear particle signals are realized.
2. The giant magnetoresistance effect based high sensitivity metal wear particle detection sensor according to claim 1, wherein the sensor module comprises a detection unit flow channel (1), a reference unit flow channel (2), a sensor upper shield shell (3), a sensitive element seat (4), a reference unit GMR sensitive element (5), a detection unit GMR sensitive element (6), an excitation coil (7) and a sensor lower shield shell (8);
the detection unit flow channel (1) and the detection unit GMR sensitive element (6) jointly form a sensor detection unit; the reference unit flow channel (2) and the reference unit GMR sensitive element (5) jointly form a sensor reference unit; the two unit structures are completely the same and are symmetrically arranged in the sensor module;
the sensor is characterized in that the detection unit GMR sensitive element (6) and the reference unit GMR sensitive element (5) are respectively and symmetrically arranged above the sensitive element seat (4), the detection unit flow channel (1) and the reference unit flow channel (2) are respectively arranged above the detection unit GMR sensitive element (6) and the reference unit GMR sensitive element (5), the excitation coil (7) is arranged below the sensitive element seat (4), and the bottom end of the sensor upper shielding shell (3) is fixedly connected with the top end of the sensor lower shielding shell (8).
3. The sensor for detecting the high-sensitivity metal wear particles based on the giant magnetoresistance effect according to claim 1, wherein the signal excitation and collection module comprises a high-frequency current source, two alternating current impedance tests and a signal collection, the two alternating current impedance tests are respectively and electrically connected with the reference unit GMR sensitive element (5) and the detection unit GMR sensitive element (6), the two alternating current impedance tests are respectively and electrically connected with the upper computer software through the signal collection, and the high-frequency current source is electrically connected with the reference unit GMR sensitive element (5) and the detection unit GMR sensitive element (6) through an excitation coil (7).
4. The sensor for detecting the high-sensitivity metal wear particles based on the giant magnetoresistance effect as claimed in claim 2, wherein the detection unit flow channel (1), the reference unit flow channel (2) and the sensitive element seat (3) are all made of a magnetic inert material.
5. A giant magnetoresistance effect based high sensitivity metal wear particle detection sensor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the sensor upper shield case (3) and the sensor lower shield case (8) are made of ferromagnetic material with high magnetic permeability.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113125314A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-16 | 北京信息科技大学 | High-sensitivity metal wear particle detection sensor wrapped with high-permeability material |
| CN113984600A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-28 | 北京信息科技大学 | High-sensitivity metal wear particle online detection sensor based on magnetostatic iron |
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