CN112327996A - Photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system and method - Google Patents

Photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112327996A
CN112327996A CN202011158826.2A CN202011158826A CN112327996A CN 112327996 A CN112327996 A CN 112327996A CN 202011158826 A CN202011158826 A CN 202011158826A CN 112327996 A CN112327996 A CN 112327996A
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China
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic panel
voltage
maximum power
period
output
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CN202011158826.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
胡江华
杨挺
叶钜芬
夏云峰
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Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
Dongguan Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
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Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
Dongguan Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202011158826.2A priority Critical patent/CN112327996A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system and a method, wherein the photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system comprises a photovoltaic panel, an energy storage module, a detection module and a controllable switch; the photovoltaic panel is electrically connected with the energy storage module and is used for charging the energy storage module; the detection module is electrically connected with the photovoltaic panel and used for detecting the output voltage and the output power of the photovoltaic panel in a set detection period and determining the tracking voltage according to the output power in an initial period in the set detection period, wherein the initial period is a time period from the beginning of the set detection period to the time when the output voltage reaches a preset voltage; the detection module is electrically connected with the controllable switch and used for controlling the on-off of the controllable switch according to the magnitude relation between the output voltage and the tracking voltage in a set detection period. According to the photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system and method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the maximum power tracking under the multimodal condition is realized through simple equipment and a simple calculation method, and the output power of the photovoltaic panel is effectively ensured to be the maximum output power.

Description

Photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system and method.
Background
Solar energy is used as clean energy and applied to various fields, so that the solar photovoltaic power generation industry is rapidly developed. The photovoltaic panel can convert solar energy into electric energy so as to output power externally, and the relation between the output power and the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel is a nonlinear relation due to the fact that the photovoltaic panel is influenced by working conditions such as external temperature, illumination and the like. The maximum power tracking technology can improve the output power of the solar panel, so the solar panel is widely applied.
The traditional method is mainly suitable for the unimodal characteristic, and meanwhile, the current maximum power tracking technology applied to the multimodal characteristic is mostly intelligent algorithms such as a neural network and the like, and is relatively complex.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system and method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the maximum power tracking under the multimodal condition is realized through simple equipment and a simple calculation method, and the output power of the photovoltaic panel is effectively ensured to be the maximum output power.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system, including a photovoltaic panel, an energy storage module, a detection module, and a controllable switch;
the photovoltaic panel is electrically connected with the energy storage module and is used for charging the energy storage module;
the detection module is electrically connected with the photovoltaic panel and is used for detecting the output voltage and the output power of the photovoltaic panel in a set detection period and determining a tracking voltage according to the output power in an initial period in the set detection period, wherein the initial period is a period from the beginning of the set detection period to the time when the output voltage reaches a preset voltage;
the detection module is electrically connected with the controllable switch and used for controlling the on and off of the controllable switch according to the magnitude relation between the output voltage and the tracking voltage in the set detection period.
Optionally, the detection module is specifically configured to determine, as the tracking voltage, an output voltage corresponding to a maximum output power in the initial period.
Optionally, the detection module includes a voltage detection unit, a current detection unit and a processor unit;
the voltage detection unit is connected with the photovoltaic panel in parallel and used for detecting the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel;
the current detection unit is connected with the photovoltaic panel and the energy storage module in series and is used for detecting the output current of the photovoltaic panel;
the processor unit is connected with the voltage detection unit and the current detection unit and used for calculating the output power of the photovoltaic panel according to the output voltage and the output current.
Optionally, a first end of the controllable switch is electrically connected to the first end of the energy storage module, a second end of the controllable switch is electrically connected to a first end of a load, and a second end of the load is electrically connected to a second end of the energy storage module; the processor unit is connected with the control end of the controllable switch and used for sending a first control signal to the control end when the output voltage is smaller than the tracking voltage so as to turn off the controllable switch; and when the output voltage is greater than the tracking voltage, sending a second control signal to the control end to enable the controllable switch to be conducted.
Optionally, the processor unit is a single chip microcomputer.
Optionally, the device further comprises an anti-reversion unit; the anti-reflection unit is connected between the photovoltaic panel and the energy storage module in series.
Optionally, the anti-reverse unit is a diode, an anode of the diode is electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel, and a cathode of the diode is electrically connected to the energy storage module.
Optionally, the controllable switch includes a current-mode half-controlled device or a current-mode full-controlled device.
Optionally, the energy storage module is a super capacitor.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a maximum power tracking method for a photovoltaic panel, which is applied to a maximum power tracking system for a photovoltaic panel, and the maximum power tracking method for a photovoltaic panel includes:
the detection module detects the output voltage and the output power of the photovoltaic panel in a set detection period, and determines a tracking voltage according to the output power in an initial period in the set detection period, wherein the initial period is a time period from the beginning of the set detection period to when the output voltage reaches a preset voltage; and controlling the on and off of the controllable switch according to the magnitude relation between the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel and the tracking voltage in the set detection period.
The embodiment of the invention provides a maximum power tracking system and a maximum power tracking method for a photovoltaic panel, wherein a detection module can detect the output voltage and the output power of the photovoltaic panel, find out the maximum output power in the output power of the photovoltaic panel in the initial time period of a set detection period, find out the output voltage corresponding to the maximum output power, mark the output voltage as a tracking voltage, compare the output voltage with the tracking voltage in the rest time period of the set detection period, and control the on and off of a controllable switch through the detection module to ensure that the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel is close to the tracking voltage, thereby ensuring that the output power of the photovoltaic panel is close to the maximum output power. The maximum power tracking system and method for the photovoltaic panel provided by the embodiment of the invention can find out the maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel in each set detection period, track the maximum output power in each set detection period, realize maximum power tracking under a multimodal condition through simple equipment and a calculation method, and effectively ensure that the output power of the photovoltaic panel is the maximum output power.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a maximum power tracking system of a photovoltaic panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a maximum power tracking system of a photovoltaic panel according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad invention. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some structures, not all structures, relating to the embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a maximum power tracking system of a photovoltaic panel according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 1, the maximum power tracking system of the photovoltaic panel includes a photovoltaic panel 110, an energy storage module 120, a detection module 130, and a controllable switch 140; the photovoltaic panel 110 is electrically connected with the energy storage module 120 and is used for charging the energy storage module 120; the detection module 130 is electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel 110, and is configured to detect an output voltage and an output power of the photovoltaic panel 110 in a set detection cycle, and determine a tracking voltage according to the output power in an initial period of the set detection cycle, where the initial period is a time period from the start of the set detection cycle to when the output voltage reaches a preset voltage; the detection module 130 is electrically connected to the controllable switch 140, and is configured to control the controllable switch 140 to be turned on or off according to a magnitude relationship between the output voltage and the tracking voltage in a set detection period.
Alternatively, the set detection period may be set according to the size of the photovoltaic panel 110 and the environmental condition in which the photovoltaic panel 110 is located. For example, in a cloudy environment, the set detection period may be set longer and in a clear environment, the set detection period may be set shorter because the photovoltaic panel 110 captures the same solar energy for a longer period of time in a cloudy environment than in a clear environment. The set detection period may include an initial period and a tracking period following the initial period. In different detection cycles, the time of the initial period may be different, and the time point when the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel 110 reaches the preset voltage is taken as a boundary point of the initial period and the tracking period, where the preset voltage may be close to the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic panel 110.
Optionally, the preset voltage is a voltage with an open-circuit voltage difference value with the photovoltaic panel 110 smaller than a preset threshold, where the preset threshold may be set according to an actual requirement.
Specifically, the open circuit voltage in this embodiment refers to the voltage description on the nameplate data of the photovoltaic panel 110. In an initial period of time within a set detection cycle, the photovoltaic panel 110 charges the energy storage module 120, the detection module 130 detects the output voltage across the photovoltaic panel 110 and the output power of the photovoltaic panel 110, and determines a tracking voltage according to the output power at each time point within the initial period of time.
Optionally, the detecting module 130 is specifically configured to determine an output voltage corresponding to the maximum output power in the initial period as the tracking voltage.
For example, in an initial period of the set detection period, the detection module 130 calculates a maximum value of the output power, which is recorded as a maximum output power, and records an output voltage corresponding to the maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel 110 as a tracking voltage. During the tracking period, the detection module 130 compares the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel 110 with the tracking voltage, and controls the controllable switch 140 to be turned on or off according to the magnitude of the output voltage and the tracking voltage, thereby controlling the output power of the photovoltaic panel 110. After the set detection period is over, the above process is repeated in the next set detection period.
The detection module in the photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system provided by the embodiment of the invention can detect the output voltage and the output power of the photovoltaic panel, find out the maximum output power in the output power of the photovoltaic panel in the initial time period of the set detection period, find out the output voltage corresponding to the maximum output power, mark the output voltage as the tracking voltage, compare the output voltage with the tracking voltage in the tracking time period, and control the on and off of the controllable switch through the detection module to ensure that the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel is close to the tracking voltage, thereby ensuring that the output power of the photovoltaic panel is close to the maximum output power. The photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system provided by the embodiment of the invention can find out the maximum output power of the photovoltaic panel in each set detection period, track the maximum output power in each set detection period, realize maximum power tracking under a multimodal condition by simple equipment and a calculation method, and effectively ensure that the output power of the photovoltaic panel is the maximum output power.
Example two
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a maximum power tracking system of a photovoltaic panel according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 2, in this embodiment, based on the first embodiment, optionally, the detection module 130 includes a voltage detection unit 131, a current detection unit 132, and a processor unit 133; the voltage detection unit 131 is connected in parallel with the photovoltaic panel 110 and is used for detecting the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel 110; the current detection unit 132 is connected in series with the photovoltaic panel 110 and the energy storage module 120, and is configured to detect an output current of the photovoltaic panel 110; the processor unit 133 is connected to the voltage detection unit 131 and the current detection unit 132 for calculating the output power of the photovoltaic panel 110 according to the output voltage and the output current.
Illustratively, the processor unit 133 is connected to the voltage detection unit 131 and the current detection unit 132, respectively, and is configured to receive the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel 110 detected by the voltage detection unit 131 and the output current of the photovoltaic panel 110 detected by the current detection unit 132, and calculate the output power of the photovoltaic panel 110 according to the output voltage and the output current.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 2, a first terminal of the controllable switch 140 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the energy storage module 120, a second terminal of the controllable switch 140 is electrically connected to a first terminal of the load 150, and a second terminal of the load 150 is electrically connected to a second terminal of the energy storage module 120; the processor unit 133 is connected to the control terminal of the controllable switch 140, and is configured to send a first control signal to the control terminal when the output voltage is less than the tracking voltage, so as to turn off the controllable switch 140; when the output voltage is greater than the tracking voltage, a second control signal is sent to the control terminal to turn on the controllable switch 140.
For example, when the processor unit 133 detects that the output voltage is less than the tracking voltage, the processor unit 133 controls the controllable switch 140 to turn off, and the photovoltaic panel 110 continues to supply power to the energy storage module 120 until the voltage detection unit 131 detects that the output voltage is equal to the tracking voltage, so as to ensure that the output power of the photovoltaic panel 110 is the maximum output power. When the processor unit 133 detects that the output voltage is greater than the tracking voltage, the processor unit 133 controls the controllable switch 140 to be turned on, so that the energy storage module 120 supplies power to the load 150, and the voltage across the photovoltaic panel 110 is reduced, thereby performing a reciprocating cycle to ensure that the output power of the photovoltaic panel 110 is the maximum output power within a set detection period.
Optionally, the processor unit is a single chip microcomputer.
Specifically, the single chip microcomputer has the characteristics of high calculation speed, sensitive response and the like in practical application, and can better control the on and off of the controllable switch when being applied to the embodiment of the invention, so that the power output by the photovoltaic panel is ensured to be the maximum output power.
The processor unit in this embodiment detects the output voltage and the tracking voltage, and controls the on/off of the controllable switch according to the relationship between the output voltage and the tracking voltage, thereby realizing maximum power tracking under a multimodal condition, and effectively ensuring that the output power of the photovoltaic panel is the maximum output power.
EXAMPLE III
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a maximum power tracking system of a photovoltaic panel according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 3, optionally, the maximum power tracking system of the photovoltaic panel according to the third embodiment of the present invention further includes an anti-reflection unit 160; the anti-reverse unit 160 is connected in series between the photovoltaic panel 110 and the energy storage module 120.
For example, the anti-reverse unit 160 is used to ensure that the current of the photovoltaic panel 110 can flow to the energy storage module 120, and simultaneously block the current in the energy storage module 120 from flowing back to the photovoltaic panel 110, so as to prevent the reverse current from damaging the photovoltaic panel 110.
Alternatively, with continued reference to fig. 3, the anti-reverse unit 160 is a diode, an anode of the diode is electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel 110, and a cathode of the diode is electrically connected to the energy storage module 120.
Illustratively, the anode of the diode is electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel 110 and the cathode of the diode is electrically connected to the energy storage module 120, depending on the characteristics of the diode.
Optionally, the controllable switch comprises a current-mode half-controlled device or a current-mode full-controlled device.
For example, the current type half-control device and the current type full-control device have the characteristics of small voltage drop and small loss, and the loss of current in the transmission process can be reduced when the current type half-control device and the current type full-control device are applied to the photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system provided by the embodiment.
Optionally, the energy storage module is a super capacitor.
Specifically, the super capacitor has the advantages of high charging speed, long cycle service life, super-strong large-current discharging capacity, high energy conversion efficiency, small process loss, good ultralow temperature characteristic and the like, and the super capacitor is connected with the photovoltaic panel in parallel to store electric energy converted by the photovoltaic panel better.
Example four
The embodiment of the invention also provides a maximum power tracking method of the photovoltaic panel, which is applied to the maximum power tracking system of the photovoltaic panel in any embodiment of the invention, and the maximum power tracking method of the photovoltaic panel comprises the following steps:
the detection module detects the output voltage and the output power of the photovoltaic panel in a set detection period, and determines a tracking voltage according to the output power in an initial period in the set detection period, wherein the initial period is a time period from the beginning of the set detection period to the time when the output voltage reaches a preset voltage; and controlling the on and off of the controllable switch according to the magnitude relation of the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel and the tracking voltage in a set detection period.
The photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking method provided by the embodiment and the photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system provided by any embodiment of the invention belong to the same inventive concept, have corresponding beneficial effects, and are not detailed in technical details of the embodiment, and are detailed in the photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system provided by any embodiment of the invention.
It should be noted that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles applied. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and that various obvious changes, adaptations, and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in more detail through the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments, and many other equivalent embodiments may be included without departing from the concept of the embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the embodiments of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system is characterized by comprising a photovoltaic panel, an energy storage module, a detection module and a controllable switch;
the photovoltaic panel is electrically connected with the energy storage module and is used for charging the energy storage module;
the detection module is electrically connected with the photovoltaic panel and is used for detecting the output voltage and the output power of the photovoltaic panel in a set detection period and determining a tracking voltage according to the output power in an initial period in the set detection period, wherein the initial period is a period from the beginning of the set detection period to the time when the output voltage reaches a preset voltage;
the detection module is electrically connected with the controllable switch and used for controlling the on and off of the controllable switch according to the magnitude relation between the output voltage and the tracking voltage in the set detection period.
2. The maximum power tracking system for photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, wherein the detection module is specifically configured to determine, as the tracking voltage, an output voltage corresponding to a maximum output power in the initial period.
3. The photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system of claim 1, wherein the detection module comprises a voltage detection unit, a current detection unit, and a processor unit;
the voltage detection unit is connected with the photovoltaic panel in parallel and used for detecting the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel;
the current detection unit is connected with the photovoltaic panel and the energy storage module in series and is used for detecting the output current of the photovoltaic panel;
the processor unit is connected with the voltage detection unit and the current detection unit and used for calculating the output power of the photovoltaic panel according to the output voltage and the output current.
4. The photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system of claim 3, wherein a first end of the controllable switch is electrically connected to a first end of the energy storage module, a second end of the controllable switch is electrically connected to a first end of a load, and a second end of the load is electrically connected to a second end of the energy storage module; the processor unit is connected with the control end of the controllable switch and used for sending a first control signal to the control end when the output voltage is smaller than the tracking voltage so as to turn off the controllable switch; and when the output voltage is greater than the tracking voltage, sending a second control signal to the control end to enable the controllable switch to be conducted.
5. The photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system of claim 3, wherein the processor unit is a single chip microcomputer.
6. The photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system of claim 1, further comprising an anti-kickback unit; the anti-reflection unit is connected between the photovoltaic panel and the energy storage module in series.
7. The photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system of claim 6, wherein the anti-reverse unit is a diode, an anode of the diode is electrically connected with the photovoltaic panel, and a cathode of the diode is electrically connected with the energy storage module.
8. The photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the controllable switch comprises a current-mode half-controlled device or a current-mode full-controlled device.
9. The photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the energy storage module is a super capacitor.
10. A maximum power tracking method for a photovoltaic panel, applied to the maximum power tracking system for the photovoltaic panel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the maximum power tracking method for the photovoltaic panel comprises:
the detection module detects the output voltage and the output power of the photovoltaic panel in a set detection period, and determines a tracking voltage according to the output power in an initial period in the set detection period, wherein the initial period is a time period from the beginning of the set detection period to when the output voltage reaches a preset voltage; and controlling the on and off of the controllable switch according to the magnitude relation between the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel and the tracking voltage in the set detection period.
CN202011158826.2A 2020-10-26 2020-10-26 Photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking system and method Pending CN112327996A (en)

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CN101800489A (en) * 2010-01-13 2010-08-11 东南大学 Maximum power tracking and controlling method of single-stage photovoltaic system
CN104617875A (en) * 2010-08-27 2015-05-13 学校法人几德学园 Solar power generation system, control device used for solar power generation system, and control method and program for the same
CN110609584A (en) * 2019-09-09 2019-12-24 广州格绿朗遮阳篷科技有限公司 Voltage stabilizing module, voltage stabilizing system and voltage adjusting method

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1787717A (en) * 2005-11-18 2006-06-14 清华大学 Solar energy high voltage sodium lamp controller based on single stage inverter
CN201194339Y (en) * 2008-04-29 2009-02-11 王皓 Solar energy controller
CN101431246A (en) * 2008-12-19 2009-05-13 北京理工大学 Apparatus and method for improving output efficiency of low-power photovoltaic battery
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CN104617875A (en) * 2010-08-27 2015-05-13 学校法人几德学园 Solar power generation system, control device used for solar power generation system, and control method and program for the same
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