CN112325719B - Full-row-hole underwater rock plug blasting method based on center hole charging - Google Patents
Full-row-hole underwater rock plug blasting method based on center hole charging Download PDFInfo
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- CN112325719B CN112325719B CN202011145737.4A CN202011145737A CN112325719B CN 112325719 B CN112325719 B CN 112325719B CN 202011145737 A CN202011145737 A CN 202011145737A CN 112325719 B CN112325719 B CN 112325719B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition
- F42D1/045—Arrangements for electric ignition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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Abstract
The invention provides a full-row-hole underwater rock plug blasting method based on central hole charging, which comprises the following steps of: determining a locking port section and a lead hole according to the environment of the blasting position of the rock plug body; determining circular rings with different radiuses by taking the central position of the rock plug body as a circle center; setting blast holes in the circle center and the circular ring; determining the charging structure of the blast hole according to the geological condition of the rock plug body, the drilling condition of the blast hole and the performance of blasting equipment; detonating according to the detonating circuit. The method provided by the invention is based on the existing full-row hole blasting method, wherein a blasting blast hole is arranged at the center of a rock plug body and is used as a central blast hole, and the central blast hole is filled with powder; and explosive is not filled in the circle of blasting holes adjacent to the central blasting hole, and other blasting holes are filled with explosive to carry out smooth blasting. The method can greatly improve the blasting reliability, so that the forming quality of the rock plug section tunnel is better, and the blasting efficiency is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blasting, in particular to a full-row-hole underwater rock plug blasting method based on central hole charging.
Background
The underwater rock plug blasting is an underwater control blasting technology in resource development and utilization, flood control and disaster reduction engineering in the field of water conservancy and hydropower, is mainly applied to built reservoirs or natural lakes, and is used for economically and safely building water inlets/outlets of various tunnel water channels under the condition of not emptying the reservoirs or building cofferdams.
At present, the traditional underwater rock plug blasting method mostly adopts an underwater rock plug blasting method of explosive chamber charging or an underwater rock plug blasting method of full-row holes. When the full-row-hole underwater rock plug blasting method is adopted, the traditional method is to arrange a hollow hole in a central hole without charging, and then arrange blasting blast holes with small-distance and small-row-distance charges in a row from the central hole to the outside in sequence. When the traditional method is adopted for blasting, the problems of large rock bulkiness and poor forming quality of a rock plug tunnel after part of rock plugs are blasted exist, and the blasting efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a full-row-hole underwater rock plug blasting method based on central hole charging, and aims to solve the problem that the existing underwater rock plug blasting method is low in blasting efficiency.
The invention provides a full-row-hole underwater rock plug blasting method based on central hole charging, which comprises the following steps of:
determining a locking port section and a lead hole according to the environment of the blasting position of the rock plug body;
determining circular rings with different radiuses by taking the central position of the rock plug body as a circle center;
setting blast holes in the circle center and the circular ring;
determining the charging structure of the blast hole according to the geological condition of the rock plug body, the drilling condition of the blast hole and the performance of blasting equipment;
detonating according to the detonating circuit.
Preferably, determining the circular rings with different radii comprises: and determining circular rings with the radiuses r of 0.2m, 0.4m, 0.9m, 1.62m, 2.35m, 3.09m and 3.77m respectively by taking the central position E of the rock plug body as the center of a circle.
Preferably, the setting of the blast hole at the circle center and on the ring comprises:
1 blast hole is arranged at the circle center;
uniformly arranging 6 blast holes on a ring with r =0.2m, wherein the divergence angle of each blast hole is 0 degree, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 0.2m, and the hole bottom distance is 0.2m;
uniformly arranging 8 blast holes on a ring with r =0.4m, wherein the divergence angle of each blast hole is 0 degree, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 0.31m, and the hole bottom distance is 0.31m;
uniformly arranging 10 blast holes on a ring with r =0.9m, wherein the divergence angle of each blast hole is 0 degree, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 0.56m, and the hole bottom distance is 0.56m;
uniformly arranging 10 blast holes on a ring with r =1.62m, wherein the divergence angle of each blast hole is 4 degrees, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 1.00m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.44m;
uniformly arranging 15 blast holes on a ring with r =2.35m, wherein the divergence angle of the blast holes is 8 degrees, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 0.98m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.57m;
uniformly arranging 24 blast holes on a ring with r =3.09m, wherein the divergence angle of the blast holes is 12 degrees, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 0.81m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.37m;
and uniformly arranging 40 blast holes on a ring with r =3.77m, wherein the divergence angle of the blast holes is 9 degrees, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 0.59m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.02m.
Preferably, the determining the loading structure of the blast hole according to the geological condition of the rock plug body, the drilling condition of the blast hole and the performance of the blasting material comprises:
the blast hole at r =0.2m is not charged with powder; wherein the length of the drilled hole is 10.1m;
the charging structure of the blast hole at the circle center, r =0.4m and r =0.9m is as follows: 1-4 sections of 70cm phi explosives at the bottom for enhanced loading, and 26-29 sections of 60cm phi explosives are continuously loaded to the blocking section; wherein the drilling length is 9.2-10.1m, the charging length is 7.8-8.7m, the blocking length is 1.4-1.6m, and the single-hole charging amount is 26-29kg;
the charge structure of the blast hole at r =1.62m is: the bottom is 1-4 sections of 70cm explosive reinforced explosive, and the diameter of 60cm explosive is adopted to continuously charge to the blocking section, and 24-28 sections are assembled together; wherein the drilling length is 8.6-10.0m, the charging length is 7.2-8.4m, the blocking length is 1.4-1.6m, and the single-hole charging amount is 24-28kg;
the charge structure of the blast hole at r =2.35m is: 1-4 sections of 70cm explosive with phi at the bottom are filled with explosive in a reinforcing way, 60cm explosive with phi is continuously filled to a blocking section, and 23-29 sections are filled; wherein the drilling length is 8.5-10.2m, the charging length is 6.9-8.7m, the blocking length is 1.4-1.6m, and the single-hole charging amount is 23-29kg;
the charge structure of the blast hole at r =3.09m is: the bottom is 1-4 sections of 70cm explosive reinforced explosive with phi, and 16-30 sections of 60cm explosive are continuously charged to the orifice; wherein the drilling length is 6.5-10.5m, the charging length is 4.9-9.1m, the blocking length is 1.4-1.6m, and the single-hole charging amount is 15.4-29.4kg;
the charge structure of the blast hole at r =3.77m is: the bottom is 3 sections of emulsified explosive with the diameter of 60cm, and the charging length is 0.9m; continuously charging 16-22 sections of emulsion explosive with the diameter of 35cm to a blocking section, wherein the charging length is 7.3-9.1m; wherein the drilling length is 8.2-10.8m, the blocking length is 0.8-1.1m, and the single-hole loading is 9.4-11.8kg.
Preferably, the distance between the hole bottom of the blast hole and the upstream surface is 1.0-2.5m.
Preferably, the orifice and the hole bottom of each blast hole are respectively provided with a digital detonator and a high-precision detonator.
Preferably, when explosive is charged in a blast hole at the position of r =3.77m, explosive is uniformly bound on a thin bamboo chip by adopting a double-strand detonating cord, the double-strand detonating cord is tightly attached to the explosive along the axial direction of the blast hole, and the double-strand detonating cord is subjected to waterproof treatment.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can have the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a full-row-hole underwater rock plug blasting method based on central hole charging, which comprises the following steps of: determining a locking hole section and a lead hole according to the environment of the blasting position of the rock plug body; determining circular rings with different radiuses by taking the central position of the rock plug body as a circle center; setting blast holes in the circle center and the circular ring; determining the charging structure of the blast hole according to the geological condition of the rock plug body, the drilling condition of the blast hole and the performance of the blasting equipment; detonating according to the detonating circuit. The method provided by the invention is based on the existing full-row hole blasting method, wherein a blasting blast hole is arranged at the center of a rock plug body and is used as a central blast hole, and the central blast hole is filled with powder; and the explosive is not filled in the ring of blasting blast holes adjacent to the central blast hole, and the other blasting blast holes are filled with the explosive to carry out smooth blasting. The method can greatly improve the blasting reliability, so that the forming quality of the rock plug section tunnel is better, and the blasting efficiency is higher.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without any creative effort.
FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of a slag collection pit provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a rock plug port arrangement provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a shot hole distribution provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a structure diagram of the charge of the blastholes on the E, G ring and the H ring of the circle center provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a structure diagram of the charge of the blast holes on the J ring and the K ring provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a charge structure diagram of a blast hole with an upper L-shaped ring provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a charge structure diagram of a blast hole of an upper M-ring provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the application provides a full-row-hole underwater rock plug blasting method based on central hole charging, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: based on the current full-row hole blasting method, a blasting blast hole is arranged at the center of a rock plug body to serve as a central blast hole, and the central blast hole is filled with powder; and the explosive is not filled in the ring of blasting blast holes adjacent to the central blast hole, and the other blasting blast holes are filled with the explosive to carry out smooth blasting.
The method for blasting the full-row-hole underwater rock plug based on the central hole charging provided by the embodiment of the application is specifically described below by taking a certain construction project as an example.
The full-row-hole underwater rock plug blasting method based on center hole charging comprises the following steps:
s01: and determining a locking port section and a lead hole according to the environment of the blasting position of the rock plug body.
In the embodiment of the application, the selected rock plug body to be blasted is a construction water inlet project, and the water inlet is a rock plug water intake, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, wherein fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of a part a in fig. 1. The rock plug body is funnel-shaped, the length of the rock plug body is 12m, and the inclination angle is 55 degrees. The diameter of an excavated bottom opening of the rock plug body is 7.55m, the diameter of an upper opening of the rock plug body is 14.28m, the elevation of the circle center of the bottom opening is 268.497m, and the elevation of the circle center of the upper opening is 278.000m. The lower part of the rock plug body is provided with a locking port section, the locking port section is connected with the slag collecting pit, and the length of the locking port section is 5m. The width of the slag collection pit is 7.3m, the length of the bottom plate is 44m, and the height is 18.71-19.56m. 1 lead hole is arranged in the slag collection pit, and the diameter of the lead hole is 216mm. In the embodiment of the application, the lead hole is a component for arranging an explosive lead in the detonating gun hole. The downstream of the slag collecting pit is a water conveying tunnel, and therefore, a maintenance gate is also arranged in the slag collecting pit. Before the rock plug body is blasted, the hole in front of the overhaul gate needs to be filled with water to a certain height.
S02: and determining circular rings with different radiuses by taking the central position of the rock plug body as the center of a circle.
After the locking notch section and the lead hole are determined, the center position of the rock plug body is determined. The central position of the rock plug body is taken as the center of a circle to define rings with different radiuses, and the radiuses of the rings are 0.2m, 0.4m, 0.9m, 1.62m, 2.35m, 3.09m and 3.77m respectively. In the embodiment of the present application, for convenience of describing a circle center and a plurality of circles, the circles are respectively marked, and if the circle center is marked as E, the circles from the circle center to the outside are sequentially marked as F, G, H, J, K, L, and M. The center E, F, the G ring and the H ring are central areas of rock plug body blasting, the J ring, the K ring and the L ring are expanded areas of rock plug body blasting, and the M ring is a peripheral outline area of the rock plug body blasting.
S03: and blast holes are arranged on the circle center and the circular ring.
The number of blast holes and the positions of the blast holes are respectively set on the circle center and the plurality of circular rings. In the embodiment of the application, 6 empty holes, 9 cut holes, 10 auxiliary cut holes, 49 main blast holes and 40 contour holes are set, and 114 blast holes are set in total. The diameter of each blast hole is 90cm, so that explosive can be conveniently installed. The set shot hole distribution diagram is shown in figure 3.
The specific settings of the circle center, the number of blast holes on the plurality of rings and the positions of the blast holes are as follows:
1) 1 blast hole is arranged at the circle center E, and the blast hole is a cut hole;
2) 6 blast holes are uniformly arranged on an F ring with r =0.2m, and the 6 blast holes are all empty holes. Setting one blast hole on the F ring at intervals of 60 degrees, wherein the divergence angle of the blast hole is 0 degree, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 0.2m, and the hole bottom distance is 0.2m;
3) 8 blast holes are uniformly arranged on a G ring with r =0.4m, and all the 8 blast holes are cut holes. Setting one blast hole on the G ring at intervals of 45 degrees, wherein the divergence angle of the blast hole is 0 degree, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 0.31m, and the hole bottom distance is 0.31m;
4) And uniformly arranging 10 blast holes on the H ring with r =0.9m, wherein the 10 blast holes are auxiliary cut holes. Setting blast holes on the H ring at intervals of 36 degrees, wherein the divergence angle of each blast hole is 0 degree, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 0.56m, and the hole bottom distance is 0.56m;
5) And uniformly arranging 10 blast holes on the J ring with r =1.62m, wherein the 10 blast holes are all main blast holes. Setting blast holes on the J ring at intervals of 36 degrees, wherein the divergence angle of the blast holes is 4 degrees, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 1.00m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.44m;
6) And uniformly arranging 15 blast holes on the K ring with r =2.35m, wherein the 15 blast holes are all main blast holes. Setting blast holes on the K ring at intervals of 24 degrees, wherein the divergence angle of the blast holes is 8 degrees, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 0.98m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.57m;
7) And 24 blast holes are uniformly arranged on the L ring with r =3.09m, and the 24 blast holes are all main blast holes. Setting one blast hole on the L ring every 15 degrees, wherein the divergence angle of the blast hole is 12 degrees, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 0.81m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.37m;
8) 40 blast holes are uniformly arranged on an M ring with r =3.77M, and the 40 blast holes are all contour holes. And blast holes are arranged on the M ring at intervals of 9 degrees, the divergence angle of the blast holes is 9 degrees, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 0.59M, and the hole bottom distance is 1.02M.
In order to ensure that the rock plug body can be completely blasted, the smaller the distance between the bottom of the blast hole and the upstream face is, the better the water leakage is ensured. The distance between the bottom of the hole and the upstream face is adjusted according to the later-stage hole probing situation and can be adjusted between 1.0m and 2.5m. During actual adjustment, the distance between the bottom of each blast hole in the central area and the profile area and the upstream surface is small, and the distance between the bottom of each blast hole in the expansion area and the upstream surface is large.
S04: and determining the charging structure of the blast hole according to the geological condition of the rock plug body, the drilling condition of the blast hole and the performance of blasting materials.
After the number and the positions of blast holes are set, punching equipment is adopted for punching. And after the blast hole is drilled and checked to be correct, filling the explosive. In the embodiment of the application, the circle center E, G ring, the H ring, the J ring, the K ring, the L ring and the M ring are all filled with explosive, and the F ring is not filled with explosive. Due to the fact that the geological structure of the rock plug body, the drilling condition of each blast hole on site and the performance of the blasting equipment are different, the charging structure of each blast hole needs to be determined after comprehensive consideration of time and place. The explosive consumption required by rock plug blasting is large, and because a differential sequence initiation network is adopted in the application embodiment, the maximum single-section initiation explosive quantity of the main blasting holes on the J ring, the K ring and the L ring is 88.2kg, and the maximum single-section initiation explosive quantity of the contour hole on the M ring is 46.4kg. In the embodiment of the application, the maximum single-section blasting explosive quantity is set to be smaller, so that the influence of harmful effects such as blasting vibration on surrounding protections can be controlled, and the reliability of rock plug blasting through can be improved.
The method comprises the following steps of determining the charging structure of each blast hole in a construction site selected according to the embodiment of the application as follows:
1) The blast holes on the F ring with r =0.2m are not filled with powder and are empty holes; wherein the length of the drilled hole is 10.1m;
2) The charging structure of the blast holes on the G ring and the H ring with the circle centers E, r =0.4m and r =0.9m is as follows: the bottom is filled with 1-4 sections of 70cm explosive with phi, and then filled with 60cm explosive continuously to the blocking section, and 26-29 sections are filled, as shown in figure 4. Wherein the drilling length of each blast hole is 9.2-10.1m, the charging length is 7.8-8.7m, the blocking length is 1.4-1.6m, and the single-hole charging amount is 26-29kg;
3) The charge structure of the blast hole on the J-ring of r =1.62m is: the bottom is filled with 1-4 sections of 70cm explosive, and then filled with 60cm explosive continuously to the blocking section, and 24-28 sections are filled, as shown in figure 5. Wherein the drilling length of each blast hole is 8.6-10.0m, the charging length is 7.2-8.4m, the blocking length is 1.4-1.6m, and the single-hole charging amount is 24-28kg;
4) The charge structure of the blast hole on the K-ring with r =2.35m is: the bottom is filled with 1-4 sections of 70cm explosive with phi, and then filled with 60cm explosive continuously to the blocking section, and 23-29 sections are assembled together, as shown in figure 5. Wherein the drilling length of each blast hole is 8.5-10.2m, the charging length is 6.9-8.7m, the blocking length is 1.4-1.6m, and the single-hole charging amount is 23-29kg;
5) The charge structure of the blast hole on the L-ring with r =3.09m is: the bottom is filled with 1-4 sections of 70cm explosive with the diameter of phi, and then the explosive with the diameter of phi 60cm is filled to the hole opening continuously, and 16-30 sections are filled together, as shown in figure 6. Wherein the drilling length of each blast hole is 6.5-10.5m, the charging length is 4.9-9.1m, the blocking length is 1.4-1.6m, and the single-hole charging amount is 15.4-29.4kg;
6) The charge structure of the blast hole on the M-ring of r =3.77M is: 3 sections of emulsion explosive with phi of 60cm are adopted at the bottom, and the charging length is 0.9m; then, 16-22 sections of emulsion explosive with the diameter of 35cm are adopted to continuously charge to the blocking section, and the charging length is 7.3-9.1m, as shown in figure 7. Wherein the drilling length of each blast hole is 8.2-10.8m, the blocking length is 0.8-1.1m, and the single-hole loading is 9.4-11.8kg.
When the powder is loaded in the holes on the circle centers E, G ring, H ring, J ring, K ring, L ring and M ring according to the powder loading structure, the hole opening and the hole bottom of each hole are respectively provided with a digital detonator and a high-precision detonator, as shown in the attached figures 4-7. The digital detonator and the high-precision detonator at the hole opening are used for forward detonation, and the digital detonator and the high-precision detonator at the hole bottom are used for reverse detonation. In addition, for the contour hole on the M ring at the r =3.77M position, when the explosive is loaded, the explosive is uniformly bound on the thin bamboo chip by the bifilar detonating cord, and the bifilar detonating cord is tightly attached to the explosive along the axial direction of the blast hole. In order to prevent the double-strand detonating cord from losing effect when encountering water, the double-strand detonating cord must be subjected to waterproof treatment.
S05: detonating according to the detonating circuit.
And setting a detonation network after determining the charging structure and the charging amount of each blast hole. The setting of the initiation network adopts a conventional method, and the embodiment of the application does not limit the setting of the initiation network as long as initiation can be realized.
The following description will be made in detail with respect to the design of a complex initiation network, but the design of the initiation network is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.
The high-precision non-electric complex type detonation system has the characteristics of high precision and high reliability, and is applied in China. However, after the high-precision non-electric complex detonation system is connected with a network, the whole hole-by-hole verification cannot be carried out, and whether the safety is ensured can be determined only through the appearance inspection of the earth surface. After the electronic digital detonator initiation system is connected with the network, the electronic digital detonator initiation system can carry out hole-by-hole verification in a computer system, namely, after all work is finished, the initiation network can be checked before initiation. However, the detonation reliability of the electronic digital detonator detonation system is also correspondingly reduced under the complex condition that water has pressure. In order to overcome the respective defects of the two systems and give full play to the respective advantages, two sets of systems are adopted to form a high-precision non-electric and electronic detonator compound initiation system. The design of the high-precision non-electric and electronic detonator compound initiation system is as follows:
1. rock plug blasting detonating network
1) Principle of detonating circuit design
The rock plug blasting initiation network in the embodiment of the application adopts smooth blasting, namely the overall initiation sequence is as follows: firstly, the center of the rock plug is detonated to form a middle through hole. Then, the blasting holes are detonated from the center to the outside in turn, and finally the contour holes on the periphery of the rock plug are detonated to form a preset plug body contour shape.
2) High-precision non-electric complex type detonation system design
The delay of the existing high-precision non-electric detonator is respectively 9ms, 17ms, 25ms, 42ms, 65ms, 100ms, 1025ms and the like, and the high-precision non-electric detonator has high delay precision and the delay error is controlled within 10 percent.
When a high-precision non-electric complex type detonating system is adopted, in order to ensure the safety of a relay detonating network, high-section detonators are selected for in-hole detonating, low-section detonators are selected for Kong Waichuan detonating, and meanwhile the delay error of the high-section detonators in the hole is smaller than that of the detonators between the outer sections of the hole.
In order to prevent the blasting flyrock generated by the first blasting hole from damaging the blasting circuit, the delay time of the detonators in the holes must ensure that all relay blasting detonators in the blasting circuit are detonated when the first blast hole is blasted. The delay of the detonating detonators in the holes is required to be as long as possible, but the delay error of the high-section detonators with the delay time is also large, in order to achieve the purposes that adjacent holes in the rings are not connected in series or are not in a heavy section, and adjacent holes in the same ring are not in a heavy section as much as possible, the delay error of the high-section detonators cannot exceed the delay value of the indirect force transfer detonating detonators in the rings, the requirement on single-section explosive quantity is particularly strict, and the delay error of the high-section detonators cannot exceed the delay value of the relay detonators in the same ring. In the embodiment of the application, 1025ms extension Shi Lei tubes are selected for high-precision detonators in rock plug blast holes, and 9ms detonator intervals are adopted for adjacent sections in a circular ring.
Under the condition of considering the delay error of the detonating primer, the adjacent holes of successive rings must be ensured not to have the phenomenon of heavy section and section string, and the blast hole lag at the position of the first detonating ring is avoided or the adjacent holes of the back ring are detonated simultaneously. Therefore, the detonator delay error between the circular rings should be as small as possible as the delay of the detonator between the sections. The 9ms delay is selected between the segments. Three detonators of 42ms, 65ms and 100ms are available for the adjacent circular rings, and considering that the delay time is long, good temporary vacancy conditions are formed by using the first-time blasting holes as the later-time blasting holes, so that the detonators of 100ms are selected as relay detonators between the adjacent circular rings in the embodiment of the application. Each type of detonator, no matter the detonator is an in-hole detonating detonator or an out-hole detonating detonator, each node adopts double firing to form a compound detonating network.
Because the time difference of the electronic detonator initiation system can be set at will, the initiation delay time is determined according to the selection of 1, and the initiation system is specifically designed as follows:
ring E: 1 well with a lag time of 1025ms.
Ring F: 6 holes.
A G-th ring: 8 holes are detonated in 4 sections, and the delay time is 1134ms, 1143ms, 1152ms and 1161ms respectively.
Ring H: the ignition is carried out for 10 holes in 4 sections, and the delay time is 1234ms, 1243ms, 1252ms and 1261ms respectively.
Ring J: and 4 sections of 10 holes are formed, detonation is carried out, and the delay time is 1334ms, 1343ms, 1352ms and 1361ms respectively.
Ring K: and 4, detonating 15 holes in 5 sections, wherein the delay time is 1434ms, 1443ms, 1452ms, 1461ms and 1470ms respectively.
Ring L: and (3) detonating the 24 holes in 8 segments, wherein the delay time is 1534ms, 1543ms, 1552ms, 1561ms, 1570ms, 1579ms, 1588ms and 1597ms.
The M ring: 40 holes, 4 holes in one section, 10 sections in total, and respectively 1634ms, 1643ms, 1652ms, 1661ms, 1670ms, 1679ms, 1688ms, 1697ms, 1706ms and 1715ms of delay time.
In the embodiment of the application, double-shot is adopted to form a compound detonation network no matter the detonators are in holes or out-of-holes detonators.
And designing a total detonation network based on the set high-precision non-electric complex detonation system, wherein two networks, namely a high-precision non-electric detonator detonation network and an electronic digital detonator detonation network, are selected for designing the total detonation network.
For a high-precision non-electric detonator priming circuit, 2 high-precision detonating tube detonators are connected with a main priming wire of the high-precision detonator circuit at first, and the time is delayed by 9ms; then, the customized high-precision detonator 2 with 200m long leg wires is used for triggering and connecting in a relay way to be used as a total detonating wire, penetrates through the special hole to the outside of the hole, and then is connected with the detonating wire.
The high-precision detonator priming circuit mainly prevents the rock plug blasting by means of the high-precision detonator priming circuit under the condition that the cavern is completely closed and is filled with water and gas in case of a problem in the electronic digital detonator priming circuit.
For the electronic digital detonator priming circuit, 2 generator digital detonators are connected at the main priming line of the high-precision detonator priming circuit, and the time is delayed for 9ms. Specifically, 2 digital total detonating detonators leave about 1.0m from 2 high-precision total detonating detonators; and a general detonating cord is connected and penetrates through the special hole to the detonating point.
The electronic digital detonator priming circuit is a main priming circuit. The network is protected from water contact and from high voltage, low voltage, static electricity and stray electricity, so that the network must be insulated.
In the embodiment of the application, each hole of the rock plug body is provided with a digital detonator, and the digital detonators are connected with the detonating cord by adopting a clamp. Because the clamp is not allowed to be soaked in water, when the slag collecting pit is filled with water before the rock plug blasting, any electronic digital detonator is required to be prevented from being submerged, and all the electronic digital detonators are required to be arranged above the highest water filling elevation and well fixed. The electronic digital total priming detonator and the priming wire are not submerged in water. The main detonating cord should be led out of the hole to facilitate detonation by the main detonating cord.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
It is to be understood that relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. The invention is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings, and various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A full-row-hole underwater rock plug blasting method based on center hole charging is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining a locking port section and a lead hole according to the environment of the blasting position of the rock plug body;
determining circular rings with different radiuses by taking the central position of the rock plug body as a circle center;
setting blast holes in the circle center and the circular ring;
determining the charging structure of the blast hole according to the geological condition of the rock plug body, the drilling condition of the blast hole and the performance of blasting equipment;
detonating according to the detonating circuit;
determining the circular rings with different radii comprises: respectively determining circular rings with the radiuses r of 0.2m, 0.4m, 0.9m, 1.62m, 2.35m, 3.09m and 3.77m by taking the central position E of the rock plug body as the circle center;
set up the big gun hole in the centre of a circle and on the ring includes:
1 blast hole is arranged at the circle center;
uniformly arranging 6 blast holes on a ring with r =0.2m, wherein the divergence angle of each blast hole is 0 degree, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 0.2m, and the hole bottom distance is 0.2m;
uniformly arranging 8 blast holes on a ring with r =0.4m, wherein the divergence angle of each blast hole is 0 degree, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 0.31m, and the hole bottom distance is 0.31m;
uniformly arranging 10 blast holes on a ring with r =0.9m, wherein the divergence angle of each blast hole is 0 degree, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 0.56m, and the hole bottom distance is 0.56m;
uniformly arranging 10 blast holes on a ring with r =1.62m, wherein the divergence angle of each blast hole is 4 degrees, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 1.00m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.44m;
uniformly arranging 15 blast holes on a ring with r =2.35m, wherein the divergence angle of the blast holes is 8 degrees, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 0.98m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.57m;
uniformly arranging 24 blast holes on a ring with r =3.09m, wherein the divergence angle of the blast holes is 12 degrees, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 0.81m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.37m;
uniformly arranging 40 blast holes on a ring with r =3.77m, wherein the divergence angle of each blast hole is 9 degrees, the hole opening distance of two adjacent blast holes is 0.59m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.02m;
determining the charging structure of the blast hole according to the geological condition of the rock plug body, the drilling condition of the blast hole and the performance of blasting materials, wherein the charging structure of the blast hole comprises the following steps:
the blast hole at r =0.2m is not charged with powder; wherein the length of the drilled hole is 10.1m;
the charging structure of the blast hole at the circle center, r =0.4m and r =0.9m is as follows: the bottom is 1-4 sections of 70cm explosive reinforced explosive, 60cm explosive is adopted to continuously charge to the blocking section, and 26-29 sections are assembled; wherein the drilling length is 9.2-10.1m, the charging length is 7.8-8.7m, the blocking length is 1.4-1.6m, and the single-hole charging amount is 26-29kg;
the charge structure of the blast hole at r =1.62m is: the bottom is 1-4 sections of 70cm explosive reinforced explosive, and the diameter of 60cm explosive is adopted to continuously charge to the blocking section, and 24-28 sections are assembled together; wherein the drilling length is 8.6-10.0m, the charging length is 7.2-8.4m, the blocking length is 1.4-1.6m, and the single-hole charging amount is 24-28kg;
the charge structure of the blast hole at r =2.35m is: 1-4 sections of 70cm explosive with phi at the bottom are filled with explosive in a reinforcing way, 60cm explosive with phi is continuously filled to a blocking section, and 23-29 sections are filled; wherein the drilling length is 8.5-10.2m, the charging length is 6.9-8.7m, the blocking length is 1.4-1.6m, and the single-hole charging amount is 23-29kg;
the charge structure of the blast hole at r =3.09m is: the bottom is 1-4 sections of 70cm explosive reinforced explosive with phi, and 16-30 sections of 60cm explosive are continuously charged to the orifice; wherein the drilling length is 6.5-10.5m, the charging length is 4.9-9.1m, the blocking length is 1.4-1.6m, and the single-hole charging amount is 15.4-29.4kg;
the charge structure of the blast hole at r =3.77m is: the bottom is 3 sections of emulsion explosive with the diameter of 60cm, and the charging length is 0.9m; continuously charging 16-22 sections of emulsion explosive with the diameter of 35cm to a blocking section, wherein the charging length is 7.3-9.1m; wherein the length of the drilled hole is 8.2-10.8m, the blocking length is 0.8-1.1m, and the single-hole loading is 9.4-11.8kg;
the design principle of the detonating network is as follows:
smooth blasting is adopted, namely the overall detonation sequence is as follows: firstly, detonating the center of the rock plug to form a middle through; then, sequentially detonating each circle of blast holes from the center to the outside one by one, and finally forming a preset plug body contour shape by the rock plug peripheral contour Kong Qibao;
designing a high-precision non-electric complex type detonation system:
when a high-precision non-electric complex type detonating system is adopted, in order to ensure the safety of a relay detonating network, a high-section detonator is selected for in-hole detonating, a low-section detonator is selected for Kong Waichuan detonating, and meanwhile the delay error of the high-section detonator in the hole is smaller than the delay of the detonators between the outer sections of the hole;
the delay time of the detonators in the holes must ensure that all relay initiation detonators in the initiation network are initiated when the first blast hole is exploded; the delay of the detonating primer in the hole is required to be longer, but the delay error of the long-delay high-section primer is also large, in order to achieve the purposes that adjacent holes in the rings are not connected in series and are not in heavy sections, and adjacent holes in the same ring are not in heavy sections, the delay error of the high-section primer cannot exceed the delay value of the indirect force transfer detonating primer in the ring between the sections, the requirement on single-section explosive quantity is particularly strict, and the delay error of the high-section primer cannot exceed the delay value of the relay primer in the same ring; 1025ms delay detonators are selected for high-precision detonators in the rock plug blasting holes, and 9ms detonator intervals are adopted for adjacent sections in the circular ring;
under the condition of considering delay error of a detonating detonator, the adjacent holes of successive rings must be ensured not to have the phenomenon of heavy section and string section, and the phenomenon that blast holes lag at the position of the first-explosion ring or the adjacent holes of a back ring are detonated simultaneously is avoided; therefore, the detonator delay error between the circular rings is smaller than the delay of the detonators between the sections; selecting 9ms delay according to the condition of the interval; selecting a detonator of 100ms as a relay detonator between adjacent circular rings;
the initiation system is specifically designed as follows:
ring E: 1 hole, delay time 1025ms;
ring F: 6 empty holes;
ring G: 8 holes are detonated in 4 sections, and the delay time is 1134ms, 1143ms, 1152ms and 1161ms respectively;
ring H: 10 holes are drilled, 4 sections are used for detonating, and the delay time is 1234ms, 1243ms, 1252ms and 1261ms respectively;
ring J: detonating 10 holes in 4 segments, wherein the delay time is 1334ms, 1343ms, 1352ms and 1361ms respectively;
ring K: 15 holes are formed, detonation is carried out in 5 sections, and the delay time is 1434ms, 1443ms, 1452ms, 1461ms and 1470ms respectively;
ring L: detonating 24 holes in 8 segments, wherein the delay time is 1534ms, 1543ms, 1552ms, 1561ms, 1570ms, 1579ms, 1588ms and 1597ms respectively;
an M < th > ring: the delay time is 1634ms, 1643ms, 1652ms, 1661ms, 1670ms, 1679ms, 1688ms, 1697ms, 1706ms and 1715ms respectively.
2. The method for blasting full-round underwater rock plugs with a charge filled in a central hole as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the bottom of each blast hole and the upstream surface is 1.0-2.5m.
3. The method for blasting the full-row-hole underwater rock plug based on the central hole charging as claimed in claim 1, wherein a digital detonator and a high-precision detonator are respectively arranged at the hole opening and the hole bottom of each blast hole.
4. The method for blasting the full-row-hole underwater rock plugs based on the central hole charge of the claim 1, wherein when the explosive is charged in the blast holes at the r =3.77m position, the explosive is uniformly bound on a thin bamboo chip by adopting a double-strand detonating cord, the double-strand detonating cord is tightly attached to the explosive along the axial direction of the blast holes, and the double-strand detonating cord is subjected to waterproof treatment.
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| CN113916075B (en) * | 2021-10-31 | 2023-11-03 | 中国能源建设集团广西水电工程局有限公司 | Single-temporary-face rock plug blasting parameter primary selection test method |
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