CN112302608A - Horizontal well pre-pressure injection fluid development method based on three-dimensional fracturing well pattern - Google Patents
Horizontal well pre-pressure injection fluid development method based on three-dimensional fracturing well pattern Download PDFInfo
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- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/166—Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
- E21B43/168—Injecting a gaseous medium
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/20—Displacing by water
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Abstract
The invention provides a horizontal well before-pressure injection fluid development method based on a three-dimensional fracturing well pattern. The method comprises the following steps: step 1: deploying a target horizontal well in the oil layer, wherein the target horizontal well is not fractured; deploying a first horizontal well parallel to the target horizontal well at the upper part of the horizontal section of the target horizontal well, and fracturing the first horizontal well to form a crack perpendicular to the horizontal section direction of the target horizontal well; deploying straight wells around the target horizontal well, and fracturing the straight wells to form cracks which are parallel to the direction of the horizontal section of the target horizontal well and are lower than the horizontal section of the target horizontal well in position; step 2: under the condition that a target horizontal well is not fractured and is not produced, the first horizontal well and the vertical well are used as injection wells, and energy supplementing fluid is injected into the stratum; and step 3: after injection of stratum energy supplementing fluid is completed, fracturing a target horizontal well and opening the well for production; and simultaneously converting the first horizontal well as the vertical well which are used as an injection well into production of a production well.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oilfield development, and particularly relates to a horizontal well before-pressure injection fluid development method based on a three-dimensional fracturing well pattern.
Background
The unconventional oil reservoir is a main object of the current exploration and development work and is an important component of future oil and gas resources in China. The unconventional oil reservoir is low in pressure coefficient and permeability, fracturing is usually adopted for production in initial development, so that high initial production energy is obtained, and the yield decreasing speed of a fractured horizontal well is high along with the reduction of reservoir energy. Therefore, how to effectively increase the energy of the unconventional oil reservoir to inhibit the yield decline and increase the steady production period becomes a key problem to be solved urgently in the field of oil field development.
Considering that the descending speed of the formation energy and the production is fast after the fracturing of the horizontal well is put into operation, the energy needs to be supplemented at a proper time to control the descending of the production. In the prior art, the energy supplement time is mainly concentrated on that after the fracturing of the horizontal well is completed and fails to develop for a period of time, namely, the energy supplement is realized by injecting water or gas in the middle and later periods of the life cycle of the horizontal well. For example, after a period of horizontal well depletion development, asynchronous huff and puff methods are used to supplement the formation energy and improve the development of unconventional reservoirs (CN109209306A, ultra-low permeability tight reservoir horizontal well CO injection2Asynchronous throughput energy supplementing method) capable of developing CO in middle and later stages of development2The effect of replenishing formation energy and improving crude oil flow capacity is achieved, but because the timing of the huffing and puff is late, the effect of improving the yield decrease in the initial period of the horizontal well is not improved. For example, CO after exhaustion development2And N2The synergistic method for improving recovery efficiency (CN108397171A, a method for exploiting compact oil by nitrogen-assisted carbon dioxide huff-puff) comprises the steps of after the first round of carbon dioxide huff-puff exploitation, injecting nitrogen and carbon dioxide into a compact oil reservoir in sequence according to a certain proportion in the second round, stewing, wherein the nitrogen can effectively keep the formation energy, the oil well can keep higher oil recovery amount, and relieve CO2The method also has the defects that the yield decrease at the initial stage of the horizontal well cannot be improved, and the injection is carried out by adopting a single-well throughput method, so the effective action of the injected gasRelatively limited distance, CO injected2And N2The cost is also relatively high. The method is characterized in that a horizontal well fracturing reservoir is deployed for failure type development, after the reservoir energy is reduced, gas is injected to supplement energy to stabilize production, and the method belongs to the passive development thinking of low-energy re-storage. The existing advanced fluid injection method (CN111456693A, a method for advanced gas injection and continuous gas injection of a compact-shale oil reservoir to supplement formation energy) mainly aims at carrying out simultaneous injection and simultaneous production on a single horizontal well, and cannot give full play to the advantages of a well pattern; in addition, the method mainly uses mixed gas for advanced injection, and 10-30% of the injected gas is CO2Due to the current CO2The cost is high, and the transportation is difficult, so that the application of the method is limited. In addition, the existing different-well injection present well exploitation method (for example, CN107575195A, a method for gas hydrate parallel horizontal well miscible flooding exploitation) has significant differences in the aspects of phase states, physical properties, flow regularity, etc. between the developed object (gas hydrate) and crude oil, and on the other hand, step 5 (arranging an injection system including a ground supply system and an underground injection system) disclosed in CN107575195A is energy-supplementing fluid injection performed after fracturing of a target horizontal well, which cannot realize energy supplement before fracturing, cannot effectively change the ground stress condition before fracturing, and is not beneficial to formation of complex fracture network; and the initial decline speed of the horizontal well after the production is started is too high, the stable production period of the horizontal well cannot be effectively prolonged, and the improvement degree of the final recovery ratio is limited.
Based on the above, a horizontal well pre-pressure energy supplement method based on a three-dimensional well pattern is urgently needed to be researched, so that the effects of inhibiting the yield decrease of the horizontal well in the whole life cycle, prolonging the stable production period, improving the recovery ratio and the like are effectively realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a development method capable of effectively inhibiting the yield decline of a horizontal well in the whole life cycle, prolonging the stable production period and improving the recovery ratio.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a horizontal well pressure pre-injection fluid development method based on a three-dimensional fracturing well pattern, wherein the method comprises:
step 1: deploying a target horizontal well in an oil layer, and before injecting energy supplementing fluid, carrying out fracturing modification on the target horizontal well temporarily; deploying a first horizontal well parallel to the target horizontal well at the upper part of the horizontal section of the target horizontal well, and fracturing the first horizontal well to form a crack perpendicular to the horizontal section direction of the target horizontal well; deploying straight wells around the target horizontal well, and fracturing the straight wells to form cracks which are parallel to the direction of the horizontal section of the target horizontal well and are lower than the horizontal section of the target horizontal well in position;
step 2: -injecting an energy-supplementing fluid into the formation in a state where the target horizontal well is not fractured and not producing (no oil and gas production is performed), with the first horizontal well and the vertical well as injection wells;
and step 3: after injection of stratum energy supplementing fluid is completed, fracturing a target horizontal well and opening the well for production; while said first horizontal well and/or said vertical well acting as an injection well is switched to production well production.
In the horizontal well before-fracturing fluid injection development method based on the three-dimensional fracturing well pattern, well pattern deployment is completed firstly, and before fracturing and production of a target horizontal well, formation injection energy-supplementing fluid is injected by using the deployed well pattern firstly, and then the target horizontal well is fractured and produced, and injection and production transfer of other wells in the well pattern are performed.
In the horizontal well pressure front injection fluid development method based on the three-dimensional fracturing well pattern, the distance between the target horizontal well section and the top end of an oil layer is preferably 1/2-2/3 of the thickness of the oil layer.
In the horizontal well pressure pre-injection fluid development method based on the three-dimensional fracturing well pattern, preferably, the first horizontal well section and the target horizontal well section are located in the same oil layer; more preferably, the vertical distance between the first horizontal well section and the target horizontal well section is not more than 50 m.
In the horizontal well pressure front injection fluid development method based on the three-dimensional fracturing well pattern, preferably, the fractures of the vertical well and the horizontal well section of the target horizontal well are located in the same oil layer; more preferably, the horizontal distance between the vertical well and the target horizontal well is not more than 200 m.
In the above-described horizontal pre-well-pressure injection fluid development method based on a frac pattern, preferably the energy-complementing fluid comprises gas and water; more preferably, the energy supplementing fluid adopts a gas-water alternative injection mode, and the gas-water alternative injection mode can better inhibit gas channeling and expand the swept volume of injected gas and water so as to better exert the gas effect. Among these, the gas is more preferably a hydrocarbon gas. In one embodiment, the gas comprises one or a combination of two or more of methane, ethane, butane, pentane, and hexane. In a specific embodiment, the water is selected from pure water, surface water or formation water. Compared with the method for supplementing the formation energy by only using gas, the method for supplementing the formation energy by using the water-gas mixture can better meet the requirement of injecting the formation energy-supplementing fluid in advance before the reduction of the production of a target well, is favorable for fully exerting the gas effect, effectively improves the gas-oil ratio of the formation, controls gas channeling and increases the effective swept volume. When the hydrocarbon gas and the water are selected as the injected energy supplementing fluid, the effect is better, on one hand, the cost of the pure hydrocarbon gas and the water is relatively low, and the acquisition is more convenient; on the other hand, the hydrocarbon gas has higher dissolution rate in crude oil, can better reduce the viscosity and interfacial tension of the crude oil and change the wettability of a reservoir, thereby improving the flow capacity of the crude oil and having more remarkable yield-increasing effect.
In the horizontal well pressure pre-injection fluid development method based on the three-dimensional fracturing well pattern, the vertical well gas injection speed is preferably 12000-3/d。
In the horizontal well pressure pre-injection fluid development method based on the three-dimensional fracturing well pattern, preferably, the gas injection speed of the first horizontal well is 20000-3/d。
In the horizontal well pressure front injection fluid development method based on the three-dimensional fracturing well pattern, the water injection speed of the vertical well is preferably 10-200m3/d。
In the horizontal well before-pressure injection fluid development method based on the three-dimensional fracturing well pattern, the water injection speed of the first horizontal well is preferably 50-1000m3/d。
In the horizontal well before-pressure injection fluid development method based on the three-dimensional fracturing well pattern, preferably, after the injection of the formation energy supplementing fluid is completed, the target horizontal well is fractured after the soaking is not less than 3 months.
In the horizontal well before-fracturing injection fluid development method based on the three-dimensional fracturing well pattern, preferably, after the target horizontal well is fractured, the target horizontal well is depleted and developed with a production pressure difference of 1.2-4.8 MPa.
In the above-described horizontal well pressure pre-injection fluid development method based on the three-dimensional fracturing well pattern, preferably, after the first horizontal well and the vertical well as the injection well are converted into the production well and the production well is produced, the production pressure difference between the first horizontal well and the vertical well is 1.2 to 6 MPa.
In the above-described horizontal pre-well-pressure injection fluid development method based on a frac pattern, the injection of the make-up fluid is preferably completed when the formation pressure coefficient reaches above 120% of the original formation pressure.
In the horizontal well before-fracturing fluid injection development method based on the three-dimensional fracturing well pattern, the target horizontal well can be fractured in a volume fracturing mode.
The inventor provides a brand new horizontal well before-pressure injection fluid development method based on a three-dimensional fracturing well pattern from the point that the steady production period after fracturing of a high gas-oil ratio well is far higher than that of a low gas-oil ratio well in the actual development process of a tight oil reservoir. The method uses a mixed fracturing well pattern to supplement the energy of the stratum before fracturing of a target well: on one hand, the high flow conductivity of the existing cracks is fully exerted, and the gravity difference is fully utilized to promote the energy supplementing fluid of the injected stratum to quickly diffuse to the stratum near the horizontal well and the crude oil flows towards the target well after viscosity reduction, so that a displacement effect is formed before the target well is developed, and the yield increasing effect of the injected energy supplementing fluid is fully exerted; on the other hand, the stratum stress condition can be changed, natural fractures can be opened, the possibility of communication between the fracturing fractures and the original fracturing fracture network after the target horizontal well is charged is provided, and the formation of a more complex fracture network after the target horizontal well is hydraulically fractured is facilitated; and finally, the full life cycle decreasing speed of the target horizontal well is effectively controlled.
The technical scheme provided by the invention overcomes the disadvantage of single-well injection in the traditional advanced gas injection technology, fully exerts the functions of high-conductivity fractures and gravity in the fracture network, enhances the formation energy, improves the crude oil flowing capability, forms a more complex fracture network, and finally realizes the purposes of inhibiting the decline of the yield in the whole life cycle after the horizontal well is put into operation, prolonging the stable production period and improving the recovery ratio.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for developing a horizontal pre-well-pressure injection fluid based on a three-dimensional fracturing well pattern according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the well pattern deployment in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing yield reduction curves for target horizontal wells in example 1 of the present invention and comparative example 1.
Fig. 4 is a conventional horizontal well direct fracture failure development yield reduction graph.
FIG. 5 is a comparison of the daily oil production curves for wells with different reservoir produced gas to oil ratios.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The inventor finds that with the progress of failure development of the compact oil reservoir, the annual production decline rate at the initial stage of a single well is large, the stable production period is short, and the benefit yield and the stable production of the oil field face huge challenges; as shown in fig. 4, the annual production rate of a single well at its initial stage is as high as 29.1%. The inventor has found through a great deal of research that the yield stabilization period after fracturing of the high gas-oil ratio well is far higher than that of the low gas-oil ratio well, as shown in fig. 5. Therefore, the inventor thinks that if the passive thinking of low-energy re-energy storage is changed, the effective energy storage of the stratum before the target well is built can effectively reduce the yield decrement of a single well and increase the stable production period. However, the method is limited by the disadvantages of complex reservoir conditions of the tight oil reservoir, low permeability, poor connectivity and no effective flow channel formed before the target well is built, and the effective energy storage of the stratum before the target well is built is difficult to realize by using a conventional single-well direct injection mode. Based on the above, the inventor proposes a horizontal well pressure front injection fluid development method based on a three-dimensional fracturing well pattern. The principles and spirit of the present invention are explained in detail below with reference to several representative embodiments of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a horizontal well before-pressure injection fluid development method based on a three-dimensional fracturing well pattern, which is used for developing and producing a certain oil reservoir.
The oil reservoir is a compact oil reservoir, the porosity is 0.12, the permeability is 0.13mD, the thickness of the oil layer is 30m, and the volume coefficient of crude oil is 0.7.
According to the flow shown in fig. 1, the method for developing a horizontal well before pressure injection fluid based on a three-dimensional fracturing well pattern provided by the embodiment includes:
step 1: deploying a target horizontal well in an oil layer, and temporarily not performing fracturing transformation on the target horizontal well before injecting energy supplementing fluid; deploying a first horizontal well parallel to the target horizontal well at the upper part of the horizontal section of the target horizontal well; deploying 4 vertical wells around the target horizontal well;
the distance between the target horizontal well and the upper end of the oil reservoir is 18 m; the first horizontal well and the target horizontal well are positioned in the same oil layer, and the horizontal well section of the first horizontal well is positioned 8m (vertical distance) right above the horizontal well section of the target horizontal well; the minimum distance between the vertical well and the horizontal section of the target horizontal well is 150 m; the well pattern is deployed as shown in figure 2.
Step 2: performing hydraulic fracturing on the first horizontal well to form a crack perpendicular to the horizontal section direction of the target horizontal well;
the main fracture trend of the first horizontal well is basically vertical to the horizontal section direction of the target horizontal well, and the angle error is less than 5%.
And step 3: performing hydraulic fracturing on the vertical well to form a crack which is parallel to the direction of the horizontal section of the target horizontal well and is lower than the horizontal section of the target horizontal well in position;
the vertical well fracture and the horizontal section of the target horizontal well are in the same oil layer, the distance from the upper end of the oil layer is 24m, the fracture trend is basically parallel to the horizontal section direction of the target horizontal well, and the angle error is less than 5%.
And 4, step 4: under the condition that the target horizontal well is not fractured and is not produced (oil and gas are not produced), injecting hydrocarbon gas into the stratum by taking the first horizontal well and the vertical well as injection wells; the gas injection speed of the vertical well is 20000m3D, the gas injection speed of the first horizontal well is 50000m3And/d, 10 days of injection in total.
And 5: after the step 4 is completed, injecting water into the stratum from the first horizontal well and the vertical well instead under the condition that the target horizontal well is not produced (oil and gas exploitation is not carried out); the water injection speed of the vertical well is 20m3D, the water injection speed of the first horizontal well is 80m3And/d, 10 days of injection in total.
Step 6: and (5) repeating the steps 4-5, performing the step 4 and the step 5 for 5 times of gas injection and water injection to realize the alternate gas-water injection before pressing, and stopping the injection after the 5 times are finished.
And 7: after formation gas-water alternate injection is completed for 6 months (the formation pressure is about 120% of the original formation pressure), performing close-cut volume fracturing on a target horizontal well, and then maintaining the production pressure difference of 3.5MPa to perform failure development; and simultaneously, the first horizontal well and the vertical well which are used as injection wells are converted into production wells for producing, and the production pressure difference is controlled within the range of 1.2-6 MPa.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a development method for direct fracturing operation of a horizontal well, which is used for developing and producing a certain oil reservoir, wherein the oil reservoir has the completely same oil reservoir conditions as those in example 1.
The development method for the direct fracturing operation of the horizontal well provided by the comparative example comprises the following steps:
step 1: deploying a target horizontal well in the oil reservoir; the distance between the target horizontal well and the upper end of the oil reservoir is 18 m; the target horizontal well deployed in this comparative example was completely identical to the target horizontal well deployed in example 1.
Step 2: and performing close-cut volume fracturing on the target horizontal well (which is completely consistent with the fracturing performed on the target horizontal well in example 1), and then maintaining the production pressure difference of 3.5MPa for failure type development.
For the tight oil reservoirs in the embodiment 1 and the comparative example 1, based on Eclipse numerical simulation software, a finite difference method is used to respectively construct corresponding oil reservoir numerical simulation models, and numerical simulation is adopted to realize the horizontal well pressure front injection fluid development method based on the three-dimensional fracturing well pattern provided in the embodiment 1 and the development method of the horizontal well direct fracturing operation provided in the comparative example 2. The results of numerical simulation of the target horizontal well operation in example 1 and comparative example 1 are shown in fig. 3. By comparing and analyzing the daily oil production curves (as shown in fig. 3) of the two development modes at the initial development stage: compared with a development mode of direct volume fracturing production of a horizontal well in the non-conventional oil reservoir development process, the horizontal well before-pressure injection fluid development method based on the three-dimensional fracturing well pattern can effectively reduce yield decrease in the initial production stage of the horizontal well and increase the stable production period. Compared with a development mode of direct fracturing production, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the yield reduction rate at the initial stage is obviously reduced, the stable production period is greatly increased, and the accumulated oil yield can be improved by 45%.
Claims (14)
1. A horizontal pre-well-pressure injection fluid development method based on a three-dimensional fracturing well pattern, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: deploying a target horizontal well in an oil layer, and temporarily not performing fracturing transformation on the target horizontal well before injecting energy supplementing fluid; deploying a first horizontal well parallel to the target horizontal well at the upper part of the horizontal section of the target horizontal well, and fracturing the first horizontal well to form a crack perpendicular to the horizontal section direction of the target horizontal well; deploying straight wells around the target horizontal well, and fracturing the straight wells to form cracks which are parallel to the direction of the horizontal section of the target horizontal well and are lower than the horizontal section of the target horizontal well in position;
step 2: under the condition that the target horizontal well is not fractured and is not produced, the first horizontal well and the vertical well are used as injection wells, and energy supplementing fluid is injected into the stratum;
and step 3: after injection of stratum energy supplementing fluid is completed, fracturing a target horizontal well and opening the well for production; while said first horizontal well and/or said vertical well acting as an injection well is switched to production well production.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the target horizontal well section is located from the top of the pay zone at a distance of 1/2-2/3 the thickness of the pay zone.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first horizontal well section is in the same reservoir as the target horizontal well section.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first horizontal well section is not more than 50m vertically from the target horizontal well section.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the fractures of the vertical well are in the same reservoir as the horizontal well section of the target horizontal well.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the vertical well is no more than 200m from the horizontal segment of the target horizontal well.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the energized fluid comprises gas and water.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the energy-supplementing fluid is injected alternately in a gas-water manner.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the gas is a hydrocarbon gas;
preferably, the gas comprises one or a combination of two or more of methane, ethane, butane, pentane and hexane.
10. The method of any one of claims 7-9,
the gas injection speed of the vertical well is 12000-35000m3/d；
The gas injection speed of the first horizontal well is 20000-3/d。
11. The method of any one of claims 7-9,
the water injection speed of the vertical well is 10-200m3/d；
The water injection speed of the first horizontal well is 50-1000m3/d。
12. The method of claim 1, wherein fracturing the target horizontal well is performed no less than 3 months after completion of injection of the formation energizing fluid.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein,
after the target horizontal well is fractured, performing failure development and production building at the production pressure difference of 1.2-4.8 MPa;
and after the first horizontal well and the vertical well which are used as injection wells are converted into a production well and produced, the production pressure difference of the first horizontal well and the vertical well is 1.2-6 MPa.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the injection of the energized fluid is accomplished when the formation pressure reaches greater than 120% of the original formation pressure.
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