CN112285564A - Design method of electric vehicle battery simulation system for field detection of non-vehicle-mounted charger - Google Patents
Design method of electric vehicle battery simulation system for field detection of non-vehicle-mounted charger Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a design method of an electric vehicle battery simulation system for field detection of an off-board charger, aiming at the problem that the charging load for field detection of the off-board charger is large in size and heavy and is limited by external factors such as vehicle loading space, load and underground garage limit. The vehicle-mounted power battery pack is adopted to cascade the direct current converter to form a lightweight charging load, and the vehicle-mounted power battery pack has constant voltage, constant current, constant power and constant resistance modes and has the capability of continuous adjustment within a rated range. An acceleration coefficient is introduced on the basis of a traditional power battery model, parameters such as the type, specification, temperature and voltage of a battery can be set on line according to detection requirements, and the automatic test on the off-board charger is realized while the lightweight of a charging load is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of field detection of electric automobile charging equipment, and particularly relates to a design method of a lightweight electric automobile battery simulation system for field detection of an electric automobile non-vehicle-mounted charger.
Background
With the continuous aggravation of global energy crisis and the increasingly prominent environmental problems, compared with the traditional automobile, the electric automobile has great advantages in energy conservation and emission reduction, and is paid attention by governments and automobile enterprises, and the construction of electric automobile charging infrastructure comes up. The running state of the charging infrastructure of the electric automobile not only influences the reliability of the charging infrastructure, but also influences the service life of the power battery, so that the performance of the charging equipment of the electric automobile is tested to be very important. At present, loads for testing the performance of charging equipment of an electric automobile can be divided into a power battery pack and an electronic load. A non-vehicle-mounted charger test platform is researched and designed by the Yunnan electric power test research institute. Researchers at Beijing university of transportation develop a computer-based 'electrical performance testing system' to realize automatic testing of electrical performance of a charger. The off-board charger automatic detection platform based on the configuration king software can perform tests such as safety function, output characteristics and insulation performance. The automatic detection platform for the electric vehicle charging facilities can carry out system test on the electrical performance and interoperability of the alternating-current charging pile. The automatic detection platform for the direct current charger of the electric automobile carries out system test on the electrical performance and interoperability of the direct current charger. A electric automobile direct current fills electric pile automatic check out system for filling electric parameter detection and communication compatibility test of electric pile. The hardware platform of the test methods can be divided into three parts of AC input control, DC load control and measurement, the control and measurement method is relatively simple, mainly tests the characteristics of the charging equipment under different output powers, the direct current load control can only simply simulate the fixed charging characteristic curve of the power battery, does not establish a system and dynamic power battery model, is far different from the characteristics of the actual power battery, the working principle of the electronic load is that the electric energy is directly consumed by dissipating power through the internal power field effect transistor or the power transistor, a large radiator is required to be equipped, the electronic load has large volume and heavy weight, when the method is applied to field mobile detection of the off-board charger, the practical application of the electronic load in field test of the off-board charger is restricted by external factors such as space of loaded vehicles, load or limitation of underground garages and the like. In the design work of a plug-in electric vehicle charger, Bai et al use a 320V/44Ah lithium battery pack as a charging load to build a test platform to verify the performance of the designed high-power charger. Lu et al used 12V/200Ah lead-acid batteries as test charging loads to test the performance of a 2.4kW vehicle-mounted charger developed by Lu et al. Therefore, the power battery pack with single specification parameters has poor adaptability when used as a charging load for field test, and is difficult to meet the field test requirements of non-vehicle chargers with different specifications and models, and in the normal charging process, the extreme parameters of the power battery pack, such as: the monomer temperature is too high, the monomer voltage is too high, the emergency reaction and the protection capability of the off-board charger cannot be tested generally, and the off-board charger cannot be tested easily. In addition, the state of charge and the voltage of the power battery pack are determined by the actual energy storage of the battery, and the state of charge and the voltage cannot be automatically adjusted in the test, so that the whole test process is passive, the test process is long in time consumption, low in efficiency, limited in test range and test items, and incapable of realizing the automatic test of the off-board charger. Therefore, a lightweight battery simulation method for field detection of an off-board charger is a technical problem to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of a charging load for field detection of an existing electric vehicle non-vehicle-mounted charger, and provides a design method of a lightweight electric vehicle battery simulation system. A vehicle-mounted power battery pack of a mobile detection vehicle is adopted to be cascaded with a direct current converter to form a lightweight charging load, and the vehicle-mounted power battery pack has constant voltage, constant current, constant power and constant resistance modes and has the capability of continuous adjustment within a rated range. An acceleration coefficient is introduced on the basis of a traditional power battery model, the efficiency of field detection is improved, parameters such as the type, specification, temperature and voltage of a battery can be set on line according to detection requirements, and the automatic test of the off-board charger is realized while the lightweight charging load is met. The specific scheme is as follows.
The design method combines a power battery model and a lightweight charging load, and the parameters of the charging load are adjusted in real time to simulate the charging response of the power battery through the online estimation of the state of charge of the power battery model and the electromotive force of the battery, so that power battery packs of different types, specifications and parameters are simulated.
The design method sets parameters such as the type, specification, temperature and voltage of the battery on line according to the requirement so as to simulate power battery packs of different types, specifications and parameters.
According to the design method, the vehicle-mounted power battery pack of the vehicle is adopted to be cascaded with the direct current converter to form the light charging load, so that the weight and the size of the load are reduced.
Preferably, the design method introduces an acceleration coefficient on the basis of a traditional power battery model, and the charging speed of the power battery can be controlled.
Preferably, the power battery model can simulate charging abnormal phenomena such as battery overvoltage and battery overtemperature.
The method is characterized in that parameters such as the type, specification, temperature and voltage Of the battery are set on line to simulate power battery packs Of different types, specifications and parameters, a power battery charging model is built according to the set battery parameters and the measured charging current or voltage, and the model simulates the charging response Of an actual battery, and comprises information such as the voltage, the current, the SOC (State Of Charge) and the temperature Of the battery.
The direct current converter is formed by two-stage cascade of a boost converter and a buck converter and adopts a three-phase staggered parallel structure.
Preferably, the light-weight charging load has four operating modes of constant voltage, constant current, constant power and constant resistance and has the capability of continuous adjustment within a rated range.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or technical solutions will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a functional structure diagram of a simulation battery system of a design method of an electric vehicle battery simulation system for field test of an off-board charger according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a dynamic circuit model of a power battery of the design method of an electric vehicle battery simulation system for field detection of an off-board charger according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a battery simulation system calculation flow chart of an electric vehicle battery simulation system design method for field testing of an off-board charger according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a main topological structure of a lightweight adjustable charging load for an electric vehicle battery simulation system design method for off-board charger field testing according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a control block diagram of a Boost converter of the design method of the electric vehicle battery simulation system for the field detection of the off-board charger of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a Buck converter control block diagram of an electric vehicle battery simulation system design method for off-board charger field testing according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a control structure diagram of a single-phase adjustable charging load working in a constant voltage mode according to a design method of an electric vehicle battery simulation system for field detection of an off-board charger.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The functional structure design Of the lightweight simulation battery system is shown in fig. 1, the central control unit constructs a power battery charging model according to the set battery parameters and the measured charging current or voltage and simulates the charging response Of an actual battery, and the model comprises information such as battery voltage, current, soc (state Of charge), temperature and the like. When the response condition of the charger when the battery is abnormally charged needs to be detected, the power battery model can simulate the charging abnormal phenomena such as battery overvoltage, battery overtemperature and the like; the charging load control module sets parameters of a power battery pack cascade direct current converter according to the calculation result of the battery model to simulate the charging response of an actual battery; the human-computer interface module displays the charging state information of the battery model and provides an interface for setting battery parameters and abnormity, so that the charging state of the battery is visually monitored in real time and the battery parameters and the abnormity condition are conveniently set; the measured signal receiving module transmits the measured output current and voltage of the off-board charger to a power battery charging model to simulate charging response; the CAN bus communication module is communicated with the non-vehicle-mounted charger through a CAN bus, and the communication process between the actual battery management system of the electric automobile and the non-vehicle-mounted charger is simulated according to a CAN communication protocol.
The relationship between the battery open-circuit voltage Uoc of the monomer power battery model and the state of charge SOC of the battery is expressed by a "composite model" of Gregory l.plett:
in the formula (1), K0～K4The set of fitting coefficients for different battery types can be obtained by a model parameter identification method. In addition, the internal resistance characteristics of the battery comprise polarization internal resistance caused by concentration polarization and electrochemical polarization and ohmic internal resistance characteristics caused by resistance polarization, and the two RC parallel circuits are connected in series with the ohmic internal resistance to jointly simulate the internal resistance characteristics of the battery, so that the dynamic circuit model of the battery is shown in FIG. 2:
in FIG. 2, C1R1，C2R2The parallel circuit is used for describing concentration polarization and electrochemical polarization phenomena of the battery respectively, RORepresents the internal ohmic resistance of the battery, IC、UTRepresenting battery charge current and terminal voltage, respectively.
The charging response of the simulated battery is based on the measured charging output, and the charging response information of the battery, such as voltage or current, SOC, temperature and the like, is obtained through simulation calculation.
An acceleration coefficient is introduced on the basis of the traditional power battery model, so that the requirement of field detection is met, the test time is shortened, the test efficiency is improved, the controllability of the test process is realized, and when the SOC of the battery is estimated, an acceleration coefficient K is introduced on the basis of the traditional ampere-hour measurement methodTThe expression of the SOC of the battery in the discrete time domain is:
wherein C is the cell capacity, eta0In order to be a reference coulomb efficiency,
is a coefficient of influence of the SOC,
as a temperature-influencing factor, an acceleration factor KTThe ratio of the simulated charging time for one calculation cycle to the duration of one calculation cycle.
As can be seen from fig. 2, in the constant current charging mode, the calculation formula of the battery terminal voltage is as follows:
UTk＝fUoc(SOCk)+UP1k+UP2k+ICkROk (3)
wherein, UP1kCalculating the concentration polarization voltage of the single battery in the kth calculation period; u shapeP2kElectrochemical polarization voltage of the single battery in the k calculation period; u shapeP1(k-1)Calculating the concentration polarization voltage of the single battery in the k-1 th calculation period; u shapeP2(k-1)Calculating the electrochemical polarization voltage of the single battery in the k-1 th calculation period; f. ofUoc(SOCk) For the k-th calculation cycle open circuit voltage, ICkIs the charging current. Internal resistance of polarization R1、R2、ROAnd a polarization time constant τ1、τ2Values at different SOCs may be derived from the parameter identification template data by linear interpolation.
In the constant voltage charging mode, the calculation formula of the charging current is as follows:
wherein, UCkIs the charging voltage.
The temperature calculation formula of the battery is as follows:
wherein Q iskGenerating heat for the cell; q1Is unit electrochemical reaction heat; phikDissipating heat for the battery; t iskIs the battery temperature; t ismIs ambient temperature; rKThermal resistance is the heat transfer process.
The charging response calculation process is specifically described by taking a constant current charging mode as an example, charging response information such as voltage, SOC, temperature and the like of the battery is obtained through simulation calculation based on the measured charging current, and the calculation flow is shown in fig. 3.
The power battery model can simulate the charging abnormal phenomena such as battery overvoltage and over-temperature, and the abnormal phenomena such as overvoltage and over-temperature which may occur to the single battery in the charging process can be simulated by adjusting the SOC or the internal resistance value of the single battery on line.
The vehicle-mounted power battery pack cascade connection direct current converter of the vehicle forms a light charging load, a topological diagram of the vehicle-mounted power battery pack cascade connection direct current converter is shown in fig. 4, wherein the direct current converter is formed by two-stage cascade connection of a boost converter and a buck converter and adopts a three-phase staggered parallel connection structure, current stress of a switch tube and output current ripples of the converter can be effectively reduced, and capacity and electric energy quality of the converter are improved. In normal work, the non-vehicle-mounted charger charges a charging load in a switching period TSIn the step-up converter, three-phase switching tubes of the step-down converter and the step-up converter are sequentially and alternately conducted, and the conduction time is TsAnd/3, the design aims to ensure the current sharing of each phase of the three-phase interleaved parallel direct current converter and avoid the occurrence of circulating current.
The charging load of the present invention is provided withThe charging load has four working modes of constant voltage, constant current, constant power and constant resistance, and has the capability of continuous adjustment in a rated range, the main topology of the charging load adopts a three-phase staggered parallel structure, the control strategies of three-phase switching tubes are basically the same, the only difference is that the initial phase angles of three-phase high-frequency triangular carriers are 120 degrees different from each other, and the control block diagrams of the charging load are shown in fig. 5 and 6. The pre-stage Boost converter is controlled by double closed loops, the outer loop is respectively a voltage regulator, a current regulator, a power regulator and a load resistance regulator corresponding to different working modes, and the inner loop is a switch tube current regulator. The rear-stage Buck converter adopts double closed-loop control, the outer ring is a voltage regulator, and the inner ring is a switch tube current regulator. X in fig. 5 represents a controlled object, and corresponds to the input voltage U in the four working modes respectivelyinInput current IinInput power PinAnd a load resistance Rl，GxAnd GiTransfer functions of outer and inner ring regulators, respectively, GisAnd GxiRespectively, the transfer functions of the control signal to the inductor current and the controlled object X to the inductor current. G in FIG. 6vAnd GiTransfer functions of outer and inner ring regulators, respectively, GisAnd GviRespectively, the transfer functions of the control signal to the inductor current and the output voltage to the inductor current.
The control strategy will be described in detail by taking an analog electronic load constant voltage operation mode as an example, and the structure diagram of the control system is shown in fig. 7.
The outer ring of the Boost circuit inputs a voltage signal U by direct currentinAs a voltage feedback quantity, at a given voltage Uin_refFor a constant target, the difference is made to form an error signal Vw1Output switch tube S of proportional-integral voltage regulator1Reference current Isw1_ref. Inner ring switch tube current signal Isw1As current feedback quantity, the reference current I of the switching tube obtained by the voltage outer loopsw1_refFor a constant value target, the difference is made to form an error signal Iw1Output signal V of the proportional-integral current regulatorhoost(ii) a After pulse width modulation, the output switch tube S1The control signal of (2). Buck circuit outer loop for cascading voltages U on two sides of capacitorin_buckAs a voltage feedback quantity, at a given voltage Uin_buck_refFor a constant target, the difference is made to form an error signal Vw2Output switch tube S of proportional-integral voltage regulator2Reference current Isw2_ref. Inner ring switch tube current signal Isw2As current feedback quantity, the reference current I of the switching tube obtained by the voltage outer loopsw2_refFor a constant value target, the difference is made to form an error signal Iw2Output signal V via proportional-integral regulatorbuck(ii) a After pulse width modulation, the output switch tube S2The control signal of (2).
Claims (8)
1. A design method of an electric vehicle battery simulation system for field detection of an off-board charger is characterized in that a power battery model and a lightweight charging load are combined, the charging response of a power battery is simulated by adjusting the parameters of the charging load in real time through the on-line estimation of the state of charge of the power battery model and the electromotive force of the battery, and power battery packs of different types, specifications and parameters are simulated.
2. The design method of the electric vehicle battery simulation system for the field detection of the off-board charger according to claim 1, characterized in that the design method sets parameters such as the type, specification, temperature and voltage of the battery on line as required to simulate power battery packs of different types, specifications and parameters.
3. The design method of the electric vehicle battery simulation system for the field test of the off-board charger according to claim 1, wherein the design method is characterized in that a light charging load is formed by cascading direct-current converters with on-board power battery packs of a vehicle, so that the weight and the volume of the load are reduced.
4. The design method of the electric vehicle battery simulation system for the field detection of the off-board charger according to claim 1, wherein the design method introduces an acceleration coefficient on the basis of a traditional power battery model, and can control the charging speed of the power battery.
5. The design method of the electric vehicle battery simulation system for the field detection of the off-board charger according to claim 1, wherein the power battery model can simulate charging abnormal phenomena such as battery overvoltage and battery overtemperature.
6. The design method Of the electric vehicle battery simulation system for the field detection Of the off-board charger according to claim 2, wherein the parameters such as the type, specification, temperature and voltage Of the battery are set on line to simulate the power battery packs Of different types, specifications and parameters, a power battery charging model is constructed according to the set battery parameters and the measured charging current or voltage, and the model simulates the charging response Of the actual battery, wherein the model comprises information such as the battery voltage, the current, the SOC (State Of Charge), the temperature and the like.
7. The design method of the electric vehicle battery simulation system for the field detection of the off-board charger according to claim 3, wherein the direct current converter is formed by two-stage cascade connection of a boost converter and a buck converter and adopts a three-phase staggered parallel connection structure.
8. The design method of the electric vehicle battery simulation system for the field test of the off-board charger according to claim 3, wherein the light-weight charging load has four working modes of constant voltage, constant current, constant power and constant resistance and has the capability of continuous adjustment within a rated range.
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