CN112270088B - Cluster hydroelectric generating set simulation model and modeling method thereof - Google Patents
Cluster hydroelectric generating set simulation model and modeling method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A cluster hydroelectric generating set simulation model and a modeling method thereof comprise an equivalent speed regulator model, an equivalent water turbine model, an equivalent water diversion system model and an equivalent generator model, wherein a plurality of hydroelectric generating sets with similar characteristics in a power system are replaced by the equivalent cluster hydroelectric generating set simulation model, the equivalent cluster hydroelectric generating set simulation model is connected with a power grid or a load simulation model to form a power system integral simulation model, a large number of hydroelectric generating sets in the system are simplified into a series of equivalent hydroelectric generating set models, and then the equivalent hydroelectric generating set models, the power grid model and the load model are integrated to form the power system integral model, so that system simulation calculation can be performed, a large number of hydroelectric generating sets in the system are simplified into a series of equivalent hydroelectric generating set models, and the operation amount of the simulation calculation can be greatly reduced on the basis of ensuring accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mathematical modeling, in particular to a simulation model of a cluster hydroelectric generating set and a modeling method thereof.
Background
In order to ensure energy supply, hydropower energy is developed in recent years. The construction of a large number of hydropower stations enables thirteen hydropower bases in China to have large-scale hydropower unit clusters. The advent of these clustered water power plants has made the position of hydroelectric energy sources in the local power system quite different from before. Meanwhile, as the power system is gradually changed from an alternating current large power grid to regional power grid asynchronous interconnection, and a large number of new energy units and direct current transmission lines are built, the characteristics of the power system are also changed obviously. For the above reasons, the single machine independent control strategy formulated based on the characteristics of the traditional alternating current power grid is not applicable to the clustered hydroelectric generating set. In order to ensure the stability of the power system, the dynamic response characteristics of the clustered hydro-power generating units in the power system and the influence of the dynamic response characteristics on the power system should be researched, and the control strategy of the clustered hydro-power generating units is analyzed accordingly.
The dynamic characteristics of the clustered hydro-power generating units need to be calculated and tested in a large quantity, but an electric power system bears an important task of electric power supply and does not have the condition of carrying out a large quantity of true experiment, so that the simulation calculation becomes an important means for analyzing the characteristics of the clustered hydro-power generating units. At present, the modeling simulation calculation of the hydroelectric generating set is mainly performed by single-machine system simulation calculation, the method and the device for performing parallel operation simulation calculation on multiple machines are fewer, and the adopted hydroelectric generating set model has great defect in refinement degree. In order to realize accurate simulation calculation of the power system, a more accurate hydroelectric generating set model should be established. However, as the power system is increasingly complex in structure, the calculation amount is greatly increased by adopting a refined model for all hydroelectric generating sets in the system, and the calculation is difficult to realize. In order to realize accurate simulation calculation of the power system, reasonable equivalent simplification of the clustered hydroelectric generating set is required.
There is also a technology for simulating a water turbine in the prior art center, for example, chinese patent document CN 106894945a describes a modeling method for a water turbine and its adjusting system, including: and constructing an actuator model by using a variable time constant method based on opening hysteresis so as to realize simulation of sectional closing characteristics of the actuator. The method also comprises the step of constructing a water turbine model by utilizing the piecewise function so as to simulate the opening and power nonlinear characteristics of the full-load section water turbine. The modeling method has the advantages that the model constructed by the modeling method is simple and clear in structure, the speed regulator model, the execution structure model and the water turbine model can be more approximate to practice, the rapid and indifferent adjustment of the island power system frequency can be realized, the non-linear simulation of the opening degree and the power curve of the water turbine can be realized in a full-load section, and the simulation result is more approximate to an actual curve. However, it is mainly modeled for a single hydro-generator regulation system, and does not simulate the situation between a plurality of hydro-generator sets and a power grid or the situation between the hydro-generator sets and the power grid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a simulation model of a cluster hydroelectric generating set and a modeling method thereof, which can greatly reduce the operation amount of simulation calculation on the basis of ensuring accuracy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the simulation model of the cluster hydroelectric generating set replaces a plurality of hydroelectric generating sets with similar characteristics in the electric power system with the simulation model of the equivalent cluster hydroelectric generating set, and the simulation model of the equivalent cluster hydroelectric generating set is connected with a power grid or a load simulation model to form an integral simulation model of the electric power system, so that the simulation dimension of the power grid can be greatly reduced;
the simulation model of the equivalent cluster hydroelectric generating set comprises an equivalent speed regulator model, an equivalent water turbine model, an equivalent diversion system model and an equivalent generator model, wherein the output of the equivalent speed regulator model acts on the equivalent water turbine model, the output of the equivalent water turbine model acts on the equivalent diversion system model on one hand to generate corresponding flow and water head changes and acts on the equivalent water turbine model again, and on the other hand acts on the equivalent generator model, the equivalent generator model calculates corresponding set rotating speed and active power according to the output moment and a parallel power grid mode and feeds back the corresponding set rotating speed and active power to the equivalent speed regulator model.
In a preferred scheme, the equivalent speed regulator model comprises an equivalent regulator sub-model and an equivalent follow-up system sub-model, wherein the equivalent regulator sub-model receives the rotating speed and the active power of the unit fed back by the equivalent generator model, adjusts the current parameters, outputs a regulating instruction, outputs the result to the equivalent follow-up system sub-model, and the equivalent follow-up system sub-model receives the regulating instruction, calculates and transmits the regulating instruction to the equivalent follow-up system sub-model through a speed regulator follow-up system time constant calculation module, and the equivalent follow-up system sub-model outputs the result to the equivalent water turbine model.
In the preferred scheme, a unit rotating speed calculating module, an equivalent water turbine flow submodel and an equivalent water turbine moment submodel are arranged in the equivalent water turbine model, the unit rotating speed calculating module receives unit rotating speed data fed back by the equivalent generator model and water head data output by the equivalent water diversion system model, settles, and outputs the result to the equivalent water turbine flow submodel and the equivalent water turbine moment submodel;
the equivalent water turbine flow submodel receives the calculation result output by the unit rotating speed calculation module and the follow-up system time constant result output by the equivalent follow-up system submodel, the water turbine flow model calculation module calculates the change characteristics of the water turbine flow in the cluster about the opening degree of the guide vane and the unit rotating speed and outputs the result to the equivalent water turbine flow submodel, and the equivalent water turbine flow submodel comprehensively calculates the equivalent water turbine flow characteristics in the cluster and sends the equivalent water turbine flow characteristics to the equivalent water diversion system model;
the torque sub-model of the equivalent water turbine receives the calculation result output by the unit rotating speed calculation module and the follow-up system time constant result output by the equivalent follow-up system sub-model, the torque calculation module of the water turbine calculates the change characteristics of the torque of the water turbine in the cluster about the opening degree of the guide vane and the unit rotating speed, and outputs the result to the torque sub-model of the equivalent water turbine, and the torque sub-model of the equivalent water turbine comprehensively calculates the torque characteristics of the equivalent water turbine in the cluster and sends the torque characteristics to the equivalent generator model.
The equivalent diversion system model is connected with the diversion system model calculation module;
the equivalent generator model is connected with the generator model calculation module.
The modeling method using the cluster hydroelectric generating set simulation model comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing an equivalent speed regulator model;
step two, constructing an equivalent water turbine model;
step three, constructing an equivalent diversion system model;
and fourthly, constructing an equivalent generator model.
The specific process of constructing the equivalent speed regulator model in the first step is as follows:
the equivalent follower system is expressed as:
the method for calculating the equivalent servomotor time constant Tye comprises the following steps:
t in yi The time constant of the main servomotor of each unit follow-up system is kyi, the proportion occupied by the ith unit in the cluster unit is kyi, and n is the number of the hydropower units replaced by the equivalent.
The specific process for constructing the moderate water turbine model in the second step is as follows:
classifying the turbine unit according to the type of the turbine, the variation range of the relative value of the water head, the rated torque of the turbine, the variation range of the relative value of the rotating speed, the length of the water conduit and the reference index of whether the pressure regulating well is providedClassifying units with similar characteristics into one category, using a hydroelectric unit model to replace a plurality of units with similar characteristics, establishing all-domain accurate models of the water turbines of the equivalent units, using an external characteristic model based on characteristic curves to describe the variation characteristics of the flow and the moment of the water turbines about the opening degree and the unit rotating speed of the guide vanes, converting data in an original model into relative values, then establishing the external characteristics of the equivalent water turbines, dividing the relative values of the opening degree and the relative values of the unit rotating speed of the guide vanes into a plurality of areas, further obtaining a series of working condition points, calculating the output moment and the flow of each water turbine according to each working condition point, weighting and summing the output moment and the flow to obtain the output moment m of the equivalent water turbines under the opening degree and the unit rotating speed of the guide vanes te And flow rate q e The calculation method is as follows:
wherein ki is the ratio of the output of the ith unit to the output of the cluster unit, m ti Is the moment, q of the water turbine of the ith machine i For the flow rate of the water turbine of the ith machine, P i The real power is output for the ith machine; and selecting values of the opening degree and the unit rotating speed of the guide vane, which can cover the working condition range of each water turbine, obtaining a data table of the output torque and the flow of the equivalent water turbine relative to the opening degree and the unit rotating speed of the guide vane, describing the torque characteristic and the flow characteristic of the equivalent water turbine by using the data table, and using an external characteristic data table to model the equivalent water turbine after describing the external characteristic of the equivalent water turbine by using the data table.
The specific process for constructing the medium-efficiency water diversion system model in the third step is as follows:
classifying water diversion systems of the hydroelectric generating sets according to the length of the water diversion pipelines, setting a pipeline length threshold, wherein a first water diversion pipeline water turbine set is lower than the length threshold, a second water diversion pipeline water turbine set is higher than the length threshold, and a rigid water hammer model is adopted for the first water diversion pipeline water turbine set, so that the equivalent water diversion system is expressed as follows:
G h (s)＝-T we s
G h (S) represents a diversion system transfer function;
moderate water flow inertia time constant T we The calculation method comprises the following steps:
t in wi Water flow inertia time constant, Q for diversion system of each unit i For the flow rate of the ith unit, k qi The ratio of the flow of the ith unit in the cluster unit is set;
for the second water diversion pipeline turbine set, an elastic water hammer model is adopted, and an equivalent water diversion system is expressed as follows:
h we is equivalent to the characteristic coefficient of a pipeline, T re Is equivalent to the water hammer;
the method for calculating the equivalent parameters in the formula is as follows:
in the formula, h wi Is the characteristic coefficient of the pipeline of the ith unit, T ri Is the water hammer of the ith unit.
The specific process of the medium-efficiency generator model construction in the fourth step is as follows:
the equivalent mathematical model of the generator is:
G G (S) is an equivalent function of a generator model, T ae E is the inertia time constant of the generator equivalent unit ne The equivalent self-adjusting coefficient of the generator is obtained;
the input torque of the generator is the sum of the original hydraulic turbine torques of all units, the equivalent hydraulic turbine torque and the inertia time constant T of the generator equivalent unit ae The calculation method comprises the following steps:
t in ai And e ni Respectively the inertia time constant and the comprehensive self-adjusting coefficient k of each generator set generator i The ratio of the output of the ith unit in the cluster unit is calculated.
According to the simulation model of the cluster hydroelectric generating set and the modeling method thereof provided by the invention, a large number of hydroelectric generating sets in the system are simplified into a series of equivalent hydroelectric generating set models, and then the equivalent hydroelectric generating set models, the power grid model and the load model are integrated to form an integral model of the power system, so that the system simulation calculation can be performed, and the simulation model has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method for carrying out equivalent simplified modeling on the hydroelectric generating set with similar characteristics can replace the clustered hydroelectric generating set with similar characteristics in the electric power system with an equivalent hydroelectric generating set model, and a large number of hydroelectric generating sets in the system are simplified into a series of equivalent hydroelectric generating set models;
2. when the equivalent hydroelectric generating set model, the power grid model and the load model are integrated to form an overall power system model for system simulation calculation, the calculation amount of the simulation calculation can be greatly reduced on the basis of ensuring the accuracy; 3. the method can be used for researching dynamic response characteristics of the clustered hydro-power generating unit in the power system and provides basis for research on control strategies of the clustered hydro-power generating unit.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a simulation model of a clustered hydro-generator set of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a simulation model structure modeling of a preferred cluster hydro-generator set;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a simulation process flow;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a calculation effect of a cluster hydro-generator set model.
In the figure: an equivalent speed regulator model 1, an equivalent water turbine model 2, an equivalent diversion system model 3, an equivalent generator model 4, an equivalent regulator sub-model 5, a speed regulator follow-up system time constant calculation module 6, an equivalent follow-up system sub-model 7, a water turbine flow model calculation module 8, a water turbine moment model calculation module 9, a unit rotating speed calculation module 10, an equivalent water turbine flow sub-model 11, an equivalent water turbine moment sub-model 12, a diversion system model calculation module 13, a generator model calculation module 14 and a power grid or load simulation model 15.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the simulation model of the cluster hydroelectric generating set replaces a plurality of hydroelectric generating sets with similar characteristics in the electric power system with the simulation model of the equivalent cluster hydroelectric generating set, and the simulation model of the equivalent cluster hydroelectric generating set is connected with the power grid or load simulation model 15 to form the whole simulation model of the electric power system, so that the simulation dimension of the power grid can be greatly reduced;
as shown in fig. 1, the simulation model of the equivalent cluster hydroelectric generating set comprises an equivalent speed regulator model 1, an equivalent water turbine model 2, an equivalent diversion system model 3 and an equivalent generator model 4, wherein the output of the equivalent speed regulator model 1 acts on the equivalent water turbine model 2, the output of the equivalent water turbine model 2 acts on the equivalent diversion system model 3 on one hand, corresponding flow and water head changes are generated and act on the equivalent water turbine model 2 again, the output of the equivalent water turbine model 2 acts on the other hand on the equivalent generator model 4, and the equivalent generator model 4 calculates corresponding set rotating speed and active power according to the output torque and a parallel power grid mode and feeds back the corresponding set rotating speed and active power to the equivalent speed regulator model 1.
In the preferred scheme, as shown in fig. 2, the equivalent speed regulator model 1 comprises an equivalent regulator sub-model 5 and an equivalent follow-up system sub-model 7, the equivalent regulator sub-model 5 receives the unit rotating speed and the active power fed back by the equivalent generator model 4, adjusts the current parameters and outputs an adjusting instruction, and outputs the result to the equivalent follow-up system sub-model 7, the equivalent follow-up system sub-model 7 receives the adjusting instruction, and the speed regulator follow-up system time constant calculating module 6 calculates and transmits the adjusting instruction to the equivalent follow-up system sub-model 7, and the equivalent follow-up system sub-model 7 outputs the result to the equivalent water turbine model 2.
In the preferred scheme, as shown in fig. 2, a unit rotation speed calculation module 10, an equivalent water turbine flow sub-model 11 and an equivalent water turbine moment sub-model 12 are arranged in the equivalent water turbine model 2, the unit rotation speed calculation module 10 receives the unit rotation speed data fed back by the equivalent generator model 4 and the water head data output by the equivalent water diversion system model 3, settles, and outputs the result to the equivalent water turbine flow sub-model 11 and the equivalent water turbine moment sub-model 12;
the equivalent water turbine flow submodel 11 receives the calculation result output by the unit rotating speed calculation module 10 and the follow-up system time constant result output by the equivalent follow-up system submodel 7, the water turbine flow model calculation module 8 calculates the change characteristics of the water turbine flow in the cluster about the opening degree of the guide vane and the unit rotating speed and outputs the result to the equivalent water turbine flow submodel 11, and the equivalent water turbine flow submodel 11 comprehensively calculates the equivalent water turbine flow characteristics in the cluster and sends the equivalent water diversion system model 3;
the equivalent hydraulic turbine moment sub-model 12 receives the calculation result output by the unit rotating speed calculation module 10 and the follow-up system time constant result output by the equivalent follow-up system sub-model 7, the hydraulic turbine moment calculation module 9 calculates the change characteristics of the hydraulic turbine moment in the cluster about the opening degree and the unit rotating speed of the guide vane, and outputs the result to the equivalent hydraulic turbine moment sub-model 12, and the equivalent hydraulic turbine moment sub-model 12 comprehensively calculates the equivalent hydraulic turbine moment characteristics in the cluster and sends the equivalent hydraulic turbine moment characteristics to the equivalent generator model 4.
As shown in fig. 2, the equivalent priming system model 3 described above is connected with the priming system model calculation module 13;
the equivalent generator model 4 described above is connected to the generator model calculation module 14.
The modeling method using the cluster hydroelectric generating set simulation model comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing an equivalent speed regulator model 1;
step one, constructing an equivalent water turbine model 2;
step two, constructing an equivalent diversion system model 3;
and thirdly, constructing an equivalent generator model 4.
The specific process of constructing the equivalent speed regulator model 1 in the first step is as follows:
the equivalent follower system is expressed as:
wherein the equivalent servomotor time constant T ye The calculation method comprises the following steps:
t in yi Time constant k of main servomotor of servo system of each unit yi For the proportion occupied by the ith unit in the cluster unit, n is the number of the hydropower units which are equivalently replaced.
The specific process of constructing the moderate water turbine model 2 in the second step is as follows:
classifying the turbine units according to the types of the water turbines, the water head relative value change range, the rated moment of the water turbines, the rotation speed relative value change range, the length of the water diversion pipeline and the reference index of whether a pressure regulating well exists or not, classifying the units with similar characteristics into one type, using a hydroelectric unit model to replace a plurality of units with similar characteristics, establishing all-domain accurate models of the water turbines of the equivalent units, using an external characteristic model based on characteristic curves to describe the change characteristics of the flow rate and the moment of the water turbines relative to the opening degree and the unit rotation speed of the guide vanes, converting data in the original model into relative values, then establishing the external characteristics of the equivalent water turbines, dividing the relative value of the opening degree of the guide vanes and the relative value of the unit rotation speed into a plurality of areas, further obtaining a series of working condition points, calculating the output moment and the flow rate of each water turbine, and weighting and summing the output moment and the flow rate to obtain the output moment m of the equivalent water turbine at the opening degree of the guide vanes and the unit rotation speed of the equivalent water turbines te And flow rate q e The calculation method is as follows:
wherein ki is the ratio of the output of the ith unit to the output of the cluster unit, m ti Is the moment, q of the water turbine of the ith machine i For the flow rate of the water turbine of the ith machine, P i The real power is output for the ith machine; and selecting values of the opening degree and the unit rotating speed of the guide vane, which can cover the working condition range of each water turbine, obtaining a data table of the output torque and the flow of the equivalent water turbine relative to the opening degree and the unit rotating speed of the guide vane, describing the torque characteristic and the flow characteristic of the equivalent water turbine by using the data table, and using an external characteristic data table to obtain an equivalent water turbine model 2 after describing the external characteristic of the equivalent water turbine by using the data table.
The specific process for constructing the medium water diversion system model 3 in the third step is as follows:
classifying water diversion systems of the hydroelectric generating sets according to the length of the water diversion pipelines, setting a pipeline length threshold, wherein a first water diversion pipeline water turbine set is lower than the length threshold, a second water diversion pipeline water turbine set is higher than the length threshold, and a rigid water hammer model is adopted for the first water diversion pipeline water turbine set, so that the equivalent water diversion system is expressed as follows:
G h (s)＝-T we s
G h (S) represents a diversion system transfer function;
moderate water flow inertia time constant T we The calculation method comprises the following steps:
t in wi Water flow inertia time constant, Q for diversion system of each unit i For the flow rate of the ith unit, k qi The ratio of the flow of the ith unit in the cluster unit is set;
for the second water diversion pipeline turbine set, an elastic water hammer model is adopted, and an equivalent water diversion system is expressed as follows:
h we is equivalent to the characteristic coefficient of a pipeline, T re Is equivalent to the water hammer;
the method for calculating the equivalent parameters in the formula is as follows:
in the formula, h wi Is the characteristic coefficient of the pipeline of the ith unit, T ri Is the water hammer of the ith unit.
The specific process of constructing the equivalent generator model 4 in the fourth step is as follows:
the equivalent mathematical model of the generator is:
G G (S) is an equivalent function of a generator model, T ae E is the inertia time constant of the generator equivalent unit ne The equivalent self-adjusting coefficient of the generator is obtained;
the input torque of the generator is the sum of the original hydraulic turbine torques of all units, the equivalent hydraulic turbine torque and the inertia time constant T of the generator equivalent unit ae The calculation method comprises the following steps:
t in ai And e ni Respectively the inertia time constant and the comprehensive self-adjusting coefficient k of each generator set generator i Output-in-cluster unit for ith unitThe proportion occupied by the inner part.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Examples:
the modeling process of the invention comprises the following steps:
1. determining a control rule of the regulator as an equivalent regulator model by each regulator model of the water motor unit to be clustered, such as an equivalent regulator sub-model 5 in fig. 2;
2. collecting the time constant Tyi of the follow-up system of each speed regulator in the computing cluster, such as the speed regulator follow-up system time constant computing module 6 in fig. 2;
3. calculating equivalent servo system time constant T ye An equivalent follow-up system sub-model 7 is established, and an equivalent governor model 1 is formed by the equivalent governor sub-model 5 and the equivalent follow-up system sub-model 7 together;
4. calculating the variation characteristics of the flow of each water turbine in the cluster with respect to the opening degree of the guide vane and the unit rotating speed, such as a water turbine flow model calculation module 8 in fig. 2;
5. calculating the change characteristics of each hydraulic turbine moment in the cluster about the opening degree of the guide vane and the unit rotating speed, such as a hydraulic turbine moment model calculation module 9 in fig. 2;
6. calculating equivalent water turbine flow characteristics from the water turbine flows in the clusters to obtain equivalent water turbine flow characteristics, such as an equivalent water turbine flow submodel 11 in FIG. 2;
7. calculating equivalent hydraulic turbine moment characteristics from the hydraulic turbine moment in the cluster to obtain equivalent hydraulic turbine moment characteristics, such as an equivalent hydraulic turbine moment submodel 12 in fig. 2; the equivalent water turbine model 2 is formed by an equivalent water turbine flow submodel 11 and an equivalent water turbine moment submodel 12;
8. calculating characteristic parameters T of diversion systems of all water turbine sets in cluster w Or h w And T is r A priming system model calculation module 13 as in fig. 2;
9. characteristic parameters T of diversion system of each hydroelectric generating set in cluster w Or h w And T is r Calculating equivalent parameters of water diversion systemNumber T we Or h we And T is re Modeling of the equivalent diversion system model 3 is completed;
10. calculating inertia time constant T of each generator set in cluster a And self-adjusting coefficient e n A generator model calculation module 14 as in fig. 2;
11. from inertial time constant T of each generator set in cluster a And self-adjusting coefficient e n Calculating the equivalent generator parameter T ae And e ne The equivalent generator model 4 is completed.
As shown in fig. 4, the total power output curve of 12 water turbine generator sets is compared with the post-clustering power simulation curve, the dotted lines are the power output of the clustered water turbine generator set model after the 12 water turbine generator sets are clustered and modeled respectively, and the solid lines are the power output of the clustered water turbine generator set model after the 12 water turbine generator sets are clustered and modeled when the power grid frequency changes. The clustered model can better reflect the overall response characteristics of a plurality of hydroelectric generating sets.
Claims (7)
1. The simulation model of the cluster hydroelectric generating set is characterized in that a plurality of hydroelectric generating sets with similar characteristics in a power system are replaced by an equivalent cluster hydroelectric generating set simulation model, and the equivalent cluster hydroelectric generating set simulation model is connected with a power grid or load simulation model (15) to form an overall simulation model of the power system;
the simulation model of the equivalent cluster hydroelectric generating set comprises an equivalent speed regulator model (1), an equivalent water turbine model (2), an equivalent diversion system model (3) and an equivalent generator model (4), wherein the output of the equivalent speed regulator model (1) acts on the equivalent water turbine model (2), the output of the equivalent water turbine model (2) acts on the equivalent diversion system model (3) on one hand, corresponding flow and water head changes are generated and act on the equivalent water turbine model (2) again, the equivalent generator model (4) acts on the equivalent generator model (4) on the other hand, the corresponding rotating speed and active power of the set are calculated according to the output torque and a parallel power grid mode, and the corresponding rotating speed and active power are fed back to the equivalent speed regulator model (1);
the equivalent speed regulator model (1) comprises an equivalent regulator sub-model (5) and an equivalent follow-up system sub-model (7), the equivalent regulator sub-model (5) receives the rotating speed and the active power of the unit fed back by the equivalent generator model (4), adjusts the current parameters and outputs a regulating instruction, the result is output to the equivalent follow-up system sub-model (7), the equivalent follow-up system sub-model (7) receives the regulating instruction, the regulating instruction is calculated by a speed regulator follow-up system time constant calculation module (6) and is transmitted to the equivalent follow-up system sub-model (7), and the equivalent follow-up system sub-model (7) outputs the result to the equivalent water turbine model (2);
a unit rotating speed calculating module (10), an equivalent water turbine flow submodel (11) and an equivalent water turbine moment submodel (12) are arranged in the equivalent water turbine model (2), the unit rotating speed calculating module (10) receives unit rotating speed data fed back by the equivalent generator model (4) and water head data output by the equivalent water diversion system model (3) and settles, and the results are output to the equivalent water turbine flow submodel (11) and the equivalent water turbine moment submodel (12);
the method comprises the steps that an equivalent water turbine flow submodel (11) receives a calculation result output by a unit rotating speed calculation module (10) and a follow-up system time constant result output by an equivalent follow-up system submodel (7), a water turbine flow model calculation module (8) calculates the change characteristics of the water turbine flow in a cluster about the opening degree of a guide vane and the unit rotating speed, and outputs the result to the equivalent water turbine flow submodel (11), and the equivalent water turbine flow submodel (11) comprehensively calculates the equivalent water turbine flow characteristic in the cluster and sends the equivalent water turbine flow characteristic to an equivalent water diversion system model (3);
the equivalent hydraulic turbine moment sub-model (12) receives the calculation result output by the unit rotating speed calculation module (10) and the follow-up system time constant result output by the equivalent follow-up system sub-model (7), the hydraulic turbine moment calculation module (9) calculates the change characteristics of the hydraulic turbine moment in the cluster about the opening degree and the unit rotating speed of the guide vane and outputs the result to the equivalent hydraulic turbine moment sub-model (12), and the equivalent hydraulic turbine moment sub-model (12) comprehensively calculates the equivalent hydraulic turbine moment characteristic in the cluster and sends the equivalent hydraulic turbine moment characteristic to the equivalent generator model (4).
2. The clustered hydro-generator set simulation model of claim 1, wherein: the equivalent diversion system model (3) is connected with the diversion system model calculation module (13);
the equivalent generator model (4) is connected with the generator model calculation module (14).
3. Modeling method using a simulation model of a clustered hydro-generator set according to any of the preceding claims 1-2, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing an equivalent speed regulator model (1);
step two, constructing an equivalent water turbine model (2);
step three, constructing an equivalent diversion system model (3);
and fourthly, constructing an equivalent generator model (4).
4. The method for constructing a simulation model of a clustered hydro-generator set according to claim 3, wherein the specific process of constructing the equivalent speed governor model (1) in the first step is as follows:
the equivalent follower system is expressed as:
the method for calculating the equivalent servomotor time constant Tye comprises the following steps:
t in yi The time constant of the main servomotor of each unit follow-up system is kyi, the proportion occupied by the ith unit in the cluster unit is kyi, and n is the number of the hydropower units replaced by the equivalent.
5. The method for constructing the simulation model of the clustered hydro-generator set according to claim 3, wherein the specific process of constructing the equivalent hydro-generator model (2) in the step two is as follows:
classifying the turbine units according to the types of the water turbines, the water head relative value change range, the rated moment of the water turbines, the rotation speed relative value change range, the length of the water diversion pipeline and the reference index of whether a pressure regulating well exists or not, classifying the units with similar characteristics into one type, using a hydroelectric unit model to replace a plurality of units with similar characteristics, establishing all-domain accurate models of the water turbines of the equivalent units, using an external characteristic model based on characteristic curves to describe the change characteristics of the flow rate and the moment of the water turbines relative to the opening degree and the unit rotation speed of the guide vanes, converting data in the original model into relative values, then establishing the external characteristics of the equivalent water turbines, dividing the relative value of the opening degree of the guide vanes and the relative value of the unit rotation speed into a plurality of areas, further obtaining a series of working condition points, calculating the output moment and the flow rate of each water turbine, and weighting and summing the output moment and the flow rate to obtain the output moment m of the equivalent water turbine at the opening degree of the guide vanes and the unit rotation speed of the equivalent water turbines te And flow rate q e The calculation method is as follows:
wherein ki is the ratio of the output of the ith unit to the output of the cluster unit, m ti Is the moment, q of the water turbine of the ith machine i For the flow rate of the water turbine of the ith machine, P i The real power is output for the ith machine; select to be able toAnd (3) covering the values of the opening degree and the unit rotating speed of the guide vane in the working condition range of each water turbine to obtain a data table of the output torque and the flow of the equivalent water turbine relative to the opening degree and the unit rotating speed of the guide vane, describing the torque characteristic and the flow characteristic of the equivalent water turbine by using the data table, and using an external characteristic data table to equivalent water turbine model (2) after describing the external characteristic of the equivalent water turbine by using the data table.
6. The method for constructing the simulation model of the clustered hydro-generator set according to claim 3, wherein the specific process of constructing the equivalent diversion system model (3) in the step three is as follows:
classifying water diversion systems of the hydroelectric generating sets according to the length of the water diversion pipelines, setting a pipeline length threshold, wherein a first water diversion pipeline water turbine set is lower than the length threshold, a second water diversion pipeline water turbine set is higher than the length threshold, and a rigid water hammer model is adopted for the first water diversion pipeline water turbine set, so that the equivalent water diversion system is expressed as follows:
G h (s)＝-T we s
G h (S) represents a diversion system transfer function;
moderate water flow inertia time constant T we The calculation method comprises the following steps:
t in wi The inertia time constant of water flow of the water diversion system of the ith unit, Q i For the flow rate of the ith unit, k qi The ratio of the flow of the ith unit in the cluster unit is set;
for the second water diversion pipeline turbine set, an elastic water hammer model is adopted, and an equivalent water diversion system is expressed as follows:
h we is equivalent to the characteristic coefficient of a pipeline, T re Is equivalent to the water hammer;
the method for calculating the equivalent parameters in the formula is as follows:
in the formula, h w i is the pipeline characteristic coefficient of the ith unit, and Tri is the water hammer constructive of the ith unit.
7. The method for constructing the simulation model of the clustered hydro-generator set according to claim 3, wherein the specific process of constructing the equivalent generator model (4) in the fourth step is as follows:
the equivalent mathematical model of the generator is:
G G (S) is an equivalent function of a generator model, T ae E is the inertia time constant of the generator equivalent unit ne The equivalent self-adjusting coefficient of the generator is obtained;
the input torque of the generator is the sum of the original hydraulic turbine torques of all units, namely the equivalent hydraulic turbine torque, and the inertia time constant Tae of the equivalent hydraulic turbine generator is calculated as follows:
wherein Tai and eni are respectively inertia time constants and comprehensive self-adjusting coefficients of the generators of each unit, and ki is the proportion of the output of the ith unit in the cluster unit.
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