CN112239381A - Microbial strain-rich bio-organic fertilizer and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Microbial strain-rich bio-organic fertilizer and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microbial strain-rich bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation process thereof, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: chicken manure, pig manure, straws, wheat bran, a leavening agent, a biological additive, an auxiliary material and a chelating agent; the high-activity bacillus mucilaginosus is added into the leavening agent, and the high-activity bacillus mucilaginosus is rich in effective and active bacillus mucilaginosus, can be propagated and grown in soil, not only improves the soil fertility, but also provides absorbable and utilizable nutrient elements for crops, and simultaneously generates gibberellin, cytokinin, microbial enzyme, bacterial polysaccharide and other physiologically active substances to promote nutrient absorption and growth metabolism of the crops; the preparation process of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: the microbial organic fertilizer prepared by the process has the advantages that the microbial population far exceeds the standard population, the effective viable count is high, the organic matter content is high, and the moisture content is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and particularly relates to a microbial organic fertilizer rich in microbial strains and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The biological organic fertilizer is a fertilizer which is compounded by microorganisms with specific functions and organic materials mainly from animal and plant residues and is subjected to harmless treatment and decomposition, and has the effects of microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizer. The fertilizer is rich in nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, amino acid and the like required by the growth of crops, medium and trace elements, soil activators, plant root growth factors and the like; has the characteristics of promoting root development and plant growth, improving disease resistance and stress resistance of plants, improving fruit quality and yield and the like.
Microbial strain feed fermentation strains and biological fertilizer fermentation strains are added into organic solid waste, the organic solid waste is processed into a biological organic fertilizer after being fermented, deodorized and completely decomposed by the biological fertilizer strains, microbial strains with disease and insect prevention functions are added into the biological organic fertilizer again, beneficial microbes can form advantageous floras with advantages in crop root systems, the propagation of harmful pathogenic bacteria can be inhibited, the stress resistance and disease resistance of crops are enhanced, diseases of the crops caused by continuous cropping are reduced, and the morbidity is reduced; meanwhile, the comprehensive defense capability of crops to adverse environments is enhanced, and the contained trace elements, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, amino acids and other nutrient elements required by the growth of various plants such as sulfur, magnesium, calcium, silicon, manganese, zinc, iron, boron, molybdenum and the like can improve the agronomic characters of the crops, so that the plants of the crops are strong, the leaf color is dark green, and the flowering is advanced; the quality of crops is improved, the fruit setting rate is high, the fruits are full and have no deformity, the color is bright, the taste is good, the commodity is high, and the time to market is increased. In the crop cultivation, the dosage of chemical fertilizers is continuously increased, the dosage of organic fertilizers is less and less, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers by crops is only about 30%, about 70% of chemical fertilizers are deposited and fixed in soil or run off in rivers along with rainwater and are not absorbed and utilized by crops, so that soil hardening and environmental pollution are caused, the eutrophication of rivers and underground water is increasingly serious, the organic matter content of the soil is reduced, the fertility is reduced, the living space of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is reduced, the quantity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is reduced, the disease resistance, cold resistance and drought resistance of the crops are weakened, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests is increasingly serious, the quality of the crops is reduced, and the yield is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The high-activity bacillus mucilaginosus is rich in effective and active bacillus mucilaginosus, can propagate and grow in soil, generates metabolic products such as organic acid, capsular polysaccharide and the like, destroys the lattice structure of aluminosilicate, insoluble phosphorus compounds and the like, decomposes and releases soluble phosphorus and potassium elements and medium and trace elements such as calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese and the like, improves the soil fertility, provides absorbable and utilizable nutrient elements for crops, simultaneously generates physiological active substances such as gibberellin, cytokinin, microbial enzymes, bacterial polysaccharide and the like, and promotes nutrient absorption and growth metabolism of the crops. The biological organic fertilizer replaces chemical fertilizer, and the problem to be solved at present is to perfect the performance of the biological organic fertilizer so that the biological organic fertilizer can be widely applied.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the microbial strain-rich bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-100 parts of chicken manure; 60-100 parts of pig manure; 10-20 parts of straw; 10-20 parts of wheat bran; 1-5 parts of a leavening agent; 1-3 parts of a biological additive; 10-20 parts of auxiliary materials; 5-10 parts of a chelating agent;
further, the auxiliary materials are potassium fulvate and calcium ammonium nitrate according to a mass ratio of 2: 3, mixing; the chelating agent is one of sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium polyacrylate; the biological auxiliary agent is carbohydrase and hydrolytic protease according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, mixing.
The leavening agent is prepared by the following method:
a1: cultivation of highly active Bacillus mucilaginosus species
1): the formula of the activation culture medium and the seed culture medium is as follows: 10-20 parts of agar, 20-40 parts of peptone, 10-20 parts of cottonseed meal, 2-4 parts of molasses, 2-4 parts of beef extract, 2-5 parts of sodium chloride, 2-4 parts of calcium carbonate, 2-4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2-4 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 1-2 parts of magnesium sulfate, wherein water is added to the mixture to reach a constant volume of 1000mL, and the pH value is 7.0-7.2;
2): inoculating the bacillus mucilaginosus to be tested into a slant activation culture medium to be activated for 24 hours, controlling the initial temperature to be 30-32 ℃ and forming spores;
3): inoculating the sporulated strain into a 500mL conical flask filled with 100mL of seed culture medium, and culturing for 24h in a shaking table at the set temperature of 30 ℃ and the rotation speed of 150r/min to obtain a high-activity bacillus mucilaginosus strain;
a2: preparation of leavening agent
(1) Taking materials according to the following weight portion: 200 parts of antibiotic fungus residues, 100 parts of straws, 100 parts of pressed powder, 100 parts of bran, 20 parts of urea, 5 parts of sodium chloride, 15 parts of quicklime and 20 parts of high-activity bacillus mucilaginosus;
(2) pretreatment: cutting the straws in the raw materials to a length of 1-2cm, crushing the straws into crushed slag by a crusher, adding materials except the high-activity bacillus mucilaginosus into the crushed straws, mixing the materials, performing steam sterilization to obtain a mixture, and adding water until the water content of the material is 60%;
(3) fermentation: adding high-activity Bacillus mucilaginosus into the obtained mixture, ventilating and fermenting, stirring intensively during the fermentation process, naturally heating, fermenting at 30-40 deg.C for 1-3 days, and shortening the temperature rise time to obtain the leaven.
Furthermore, the straws are mixed by wheat straws, rice straws, corn straws and beanstalks, and the pressed powder is mixed by corn pressed powder, meal cottonseed cakes and rapeseed cakes.
The preparation process of the microbial strain-rich bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material pretreatment: crushing and grinding the straws and the wheat bran by using a crusher and a ball mill;
s2, batching: mixing the crushed and ground straws and wheat bran with chicken manure and pig manure, and mixing the mixture with well water according to the ratio of 2: 1, adding the auxiliary material, the chelating agent and the biological additive, and continuously mixing to obtain a mixture;
s3, adding a leaven and mixing: pouring the mixture into a stirrer, adding two thirds of the total amount of the leavening agent into the mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain compost;
s4, primary fermentation: placing the compost in a fermentation shed for fermentation treatment, wherein the stacking height is 1.2-1.5 m, the stacking width is 1.8-3.0 m, and the initial temperature is controlled at 45-60 ℃;
s5, turning: turning the compost after the primary fermentation treatment, starting turning after the temperature of the compost rises to above 60 ℃ and is kept for 48 hours, turning the low-layer material into the middle upper part of the compost as much as possible so as to be thoroughly decomposed, and determining the turning times according to the rotten degree of the material;
s6, secondary fermentation: adding the remaining one third of the leaven into the turned compost again for secondary fermentation for 6-8 days;
s7, decomposing: dragging the compost after the secondary fermentation into a drying field for drying, and completing the decomposition treatment of the microbial organic fertilizer;
s8, granulating and packaging: and adding hydrophilic silicone oil into the decomposed raw materials, uniformly mixing, granulating the raw materials by using a granulator, and packaging the microbial organic fertilizer after granulation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the high-activity bacillus mucilaginosus is rich in effective and active bacillus mucilaginosus, can propagate and grow in soil, generates metabolic products such as organic acid, capsular polysaccharide and the like, destroys the lattice structure of aluminosilicate, insoluble phosphorus compounds and the like, decomposes and releases soluble phosphorus and potassium elements and medium and trace elements such as calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese and the like, improves the soil fertility, provides absorbable and utilizable nutrient elements for crops, simultaneously generates physiological active substances such as gibberellin, cytokinin, microbial enzymes, bacterial polysaccharide and the like, and promotes nutrient absorption and growth metabolism of the crops.
The effective bacteria grow and metabolize in soil to generate various hormone substances, biological enzymes, amino polysaccharide substances, proteins and amino acid substances, promote the growth and development of crops, induce the crops to enhance resistance, enhance cold resistance, drought resistance, disease resistance and stress resistance, and improve the product quality. The effective bacteria supplement a large amount of beneficial microorganisms to the soil, form beneficial bacteria groups at the roots of crops, effectively inhibit the propagation of harmful and pathogenic microorganisms in the soil, and remarkably reduce the occurrence of various soil-borne diseases, such as powdery mildew, cotton damping-off, verticillium wilt and the like of wheat. Thereby reducing the use of partial pesticides and reducing the pesticide pollution. The microbial organic fertilizer prepared by the process has the advantages that the number of detected microbial bacteria far exceeds the standard number, the number of effective viable bacteria is high, the content of organic matters is high, the moisture content is low, and the market demand is met.
Detailed Description
All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The microbial strain-rich bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-100 parts of chicken manure; 60-100 parts of pig manure; 10-20 parts of straw; 10-20 parts of wheat bran; 1-5 parts of a leavening agent; 1-3 parts of a biological additive; 10-20 parts of auxiliary materials; 5-10 parts of a chelating agent;
the leavening agent is prepared by the following method:
a1: cultivation of highly active Bacillus mucilaginosus species
1): the formula of the activation culture medium and the seed culture medium is as follows: 10-20 parts of agar, 20-40 parts of peptone, 10-20 parts of cottonseed meal, 2-4 parts of molasses, 2-4 parts of beef extract, 2-5 parts of sodium chloride, 2-4 parts of calcium carbonate, 2-4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2-4 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 1-2 parts of magnesium sulfate, wherein water is added to the mixture to reach a constant volume of 1000mL, and the pH value is 7.0-7.2;
2): inoculating the bacillus mucilaginosus to be tested into a slant activation culture medium, activating for 24 hours, controlling the initial temperature at 30-32 ℃ and forming spores;
3): inoculating the sporulated strain into a 500mL conical flask filled with 100mL of seed culture medium, and culturing for 24h in a shaking table at the set temperature of 30 ℃ and the rotation speed of 150r/min to obtain a high-activity bacillus mucilaginosus strain;
a2: preparation of leavening agent
(1) Taking materials according to the following weight portion: 200 parts of antibiotic fungus residues, 100 parts of straws, 100 parts of pressed powder, 100 parts of bran, 20 parts of urea, 5 parts of sodium chloride, 15 parts of quicklime and 20 parts of high-activity bacillus mucilaginosus;
(2) pretreatment: cutting the straws in the raw materials to a length of 1-2cm, crushing the straws into crushed slag by a crusher, adding materials except the high-activity bacillus mucilaginosus into the crushed straws, mixing the materials, performing steam sterilization to obtain a mixture, and adding water until the water content of the materials is 60 percent, wherein the straws are wheat straws, rice straws, corn straws and beanstalks and the mixture is obtained, and the pressed powder can be corn pressed powder, meal cottonseed pressed powder and rapeseed pressed powder;
(3) fermentation: adding high-activity Bacillus mucilaginosus into the obtained mixture, ventilating and fermenting, stirring intensively during the fermentation process, naturally heating, fermenting at 30-40 deg.C for 1-3 days, and shortening the temperature rise time to obtain the leaven.
The preparation process of the microbial strain-rich bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material pretreatment: crushing and grinding the straws and the wheat bran by using a crusher and a ball mill;
s2, batching: mixing the crushed and ground straws and wheat bran with chicken manure and pig manure, and mixing the mixture with well water according to the ratio of 2: 1, adding an auxiliary material, a chelating agent and a biological assistant, and continuously mixing to obtain a mixture, wherein the auxiliary material is potassium fulvate and calcium ammonium nitrate according to a mass ratio of 2: 3, mixing; the chelating agent is one of sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium polyacrylate; the biological auxiliary agent is carbohydrase and hydrolytic protease according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, mixing;
s3, adding a leaven and mixing: pouring the mixture into a stirrer, adding two thirds of the total amount of the leavening agent into the mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain compost;
s4, primary fermentation: placing the compost in a fermentation shed for fermentation treatment, wherein the stacking height is 1.2-1.5 m, the stacking width is 1.8-3.0 m, and the initial temperature is controlled at 45-60 ℃;
s5, turning: turning the compost after the primary fermentation treatment, starting turning after the temperature of the compost rises to above 60 ℃ and is kept for 48 hours, turning the low-layer material into the middle upper part of the compost as much as possible so as to be thoroughly decomposed, and determining the turning times according to the rotten degree of the material;
s6, secondary fermentation: adding the remaining one third of the leaven into the turned compost again for secondary fermentation for 6-8 days;
s7, decomposing: dragging the compost after the secondary fermentation into a drying field for drying, and completing the decomposition treatment of the microbial organic fertilizer;
s8, granulating and packaging: and adding hydrophilic silicone oil into the decomposed raw materials, uniformly mixing, granulating the raw materials by using a granulator, and packaging the microbial organic fertilizer after granulation.
Example 1
The microbial strain-rich bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of chicken manure; 60 parts of pig manure; 10 parts of straw; 10 parts of wheat bran; 1 part of a leavening agent; 1 part of biological additive; 10 parts of auxiliary materials; 5 parts of a chelating agent;
the culture medium formula of the high-activity bacillus mucilaginosus strain in the leaven is as follows: 10 parts of agar, 20 parts of peptone, 10 parts of cottonseed meal, 2 parts of molasses, 2 parts of beef extract, 2 parts of sodium chloride, 2 parts of calcium carbonate, 2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 1 part of magnesium sulfate;
the preparation process of the microbial strain-rich bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material pretreatment: crushing and grinding the straws and the wheat bran by using a crusher and a ball mill;
s2, batching: mixing the crushed and ground straws and wheat bran with chicken manure and pig manure, and mixing the mixture with well water according to the ratio of 2: 1, adding an auxiliary material, a chelating agent and a biological assistant, and continuously mixing to obtain a mixture, wherein the auxiliary material is potassium fulvate and calcium ammonium nitrate according to a mass ratio of 2: 3, mixing; the chelating agent is one of sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium polyacrylate; the biological auxiliary agent is carbohydrase and hydrolytic protease according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, mixing;
s3, adding a leaven and mixing: pouring the mixture into a stirrer, adding two thirds of the total amount of the leavening agent into the mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain compost;
s4, primary fermentation: putting the compost in a fermentation shed for fermentation treatment, wherein the stacking height is 1.2 meters, the stacking width is 1.8 meters, and the initial temperature is controlled at 45 ℃;
s5, turning: turning the compost after the primary fermentation treatment, starting turning after the temperature of the compost rises to above 60 ℃ and is kept for 48 hours, turning the low-layer material into the middle upper part of the compost as much as possible so as to be thoroughly decomposed, and determining the turning times according to the rotten degree of the material;
s6, secondary fermentation: adding the remaining one third of the leaven into the turned compost again for secondary fermentation for 6 days;
s7, decomposing: dragging the compost after the secondary fermentation into a drying field for drying, and completing the decomposition treatment of the microbial organic fertilizer;
s8, granulating and packaging: and adding hydrophilic silicone oil into the decomposed raw materials, uniformly mixing, granulating the raw materials by using a granulator, and packaging the microbial organic fertilizer after granulation.
Example 2
The microbial strain-rich bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of chicken manure; 80 parts of pig manure; 15 parts of straw; 15 parts of wheat bran; 3 parts of a leavening agent; 2 parts of biological additives; 15 parts of auxiliary materials; 8 parts of a chelating agent;
the culture medium formula of the high-activity bacillus mucilaginosus strain in the leaven is as follows: 11 parts of agar, 30 parts of peptone, 15 parts of cottonseed meal, 3 parts of molasses, 3 parts of beef extract, 3 parts of sodium chloride, 3 parts of calcium carbonate, 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 1.5 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the preparation process of the microbial strain-rich bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material pretreatment: crushing and grinding the straws and the wheat bran by using a crusher and a ball mill;
s2, batching: mixing the crushed and ground straws and wheat bran with chicken manure and pig manure, and mixing the mixture with well water according to the ratio of 2: 1, adding an auxiliary material, a chelating agent and a biological assistant, and continuously mixing to obtain a mixture, wherein the auxiliary material is potassium fulvate and calcium ammonium nitrate according to a mass ratio of 2: 3, mixing; the chelating agent is one of sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium polyacrylate; the biological auxiliary agent is carbohydrase and hydrolytic protease according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, mixing;
s3, adding a leaven and mixing: pouring the mixture into a stirrer, adding two thirds of the total amount of the leavening agent into the mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain compost;
s4, primary fermentation: putting the compost in a fermentation shed for fermentation treatment, wherein the stacking height is 1.35 meters, the stacking width is 2.4 meters, and the initial temperature is controlled at 55 ℃;
s5, turning: turning the compost after the primary fermentation treatment, starting turning after the temperature of the compost rises to above 60 ℃ and is kept for 48 hours, turning the low-layer material into the middle upper part of the compost as much as possible so as to be thoroughly decomposed, and determining the turning times according to the rotten degree of the material;
s6, secondary fermentation: adding the remaining one third of the leaven into the turned compost again for secondary fermentation treatment, wherein the secondary fermentation time is 7 days;
s7, decomposing: dragging the compost after the secondary fermentation into a drying field for drying, and completing the decomposition treatment of the microbial organic fertilizer;
s8, granulating and packaging: and adding hydrophilic silicone oil into the decomposed raw materials, uniformly mixing, granulating the raw materials by using a granulator, and packaging the microbial organic fertilizer after granulation.
Example 3
The microbial strain-rich bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of chicken manure; 100 parts of pig manure; 20 parts of straw; 20 parts of wheat bran; 5 parts of a leavening agent; 3 parts of a biological additive; 20 parts of auxiliary materials; 10 parts of a chelating agent;
the culture medium formula of the high-activity bacillus mucilaginosus strain in the leaven is as follows: 20 parts of agar, 40 parts of peptone, 20 parts of cottonseed meal, 4 parts of molasses, 4 parts of beef extract, 5 parts of sodium chloride, 4 parts of calcium carbonate, 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 4 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 2 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the preparation process of the microbial strain-rich bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material pretreatment: crushing and grinding the straws and the wheat bran by using a crusher and a ball mill;
s2, batching: mixing the crushed and ground straws and wheat bran with chicken manure and pig manure, and mixing the mixture with well water according to the ratio of 2: 1, adding an auxiliary material, a chelating agent and a biological assistant, and continuously mixing to obtain a mixture, wherein the auxiliary material is potassium fulvate and calcium ammonium nitrate according to a mass ratio of 2: 3, mixing; the chelating agent is one of sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium polyacrylate; the biological auxiliary agent is carbohydrase and hydrolytic protease according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, mixing;
s3, adding a leaven and mixing: pouring the mixture into a stirrer, adding two thirds of the total amount of the leavening agent into the mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain compost;
s4, primary fermentation: putting the compost in a fermentation shed for fermentation treatment, wherein the stacking height is 1.5 meters, the stacking width is 3.0 meters, and the initial temperature is controlled at 60 ℃;
s5, turning: turning the compost after the primary fermentation treatment, keeping for 48 hours, starting turning, turning the low-layer materials into the middle upper part of the compost as much as possible so as to fully decompose the materials, and determining the turning times according to the decomposition degree of the materials;
s6, secondary fermentation: adding the remaining one third of the leaven into the turned compost again for secondary fermentation for 8 days;
s7, decomposing: dragging the compost after the secondary fermentation into a drying field for drying, and completing the decomposition treatment of the microbial organic fertilizer;
s8, granulating and packaging: and adding hydrophilic silicone oil into the decomposed raw materials, uniformly mixing, granulating the raw materials by using a granulator, and packaging the microbial organic fertilizer after granulation.
Comparative example 1
The molasses of example 1 was changed to glucose, and the rest of the conditions were unchanged.
Comparative example 2
The cottonseed meal of example 1 was replaced with ammonium chloride and the remaining conditions were unchanged.
The number of viable bacteria and sporulation per unit volume were measured by the number of bacteria cultured in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 using the dilution plate count method, and are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
| Viable count (. times.10)8cfu/ml) | Sporulation events | |
| Example 1 | 7.65 | 100% sporulation |
| Example 2 | 7.56 | 99% sporulation |
| Example 3 | 7.32 | 98% sporulation |
| Comparative example 1 | 1.52 | No sporulation |
| Comparative example 2 | 3.56 | No sporulation |
The fertilizers synthesized in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were tested according to the test standard for compound microbial fertilizers, and the test results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 1, the number of viable bacteria in the examples is far greater than that in the comparative examples, spores are formed in the examples, and spores are not formed in the comparative examples; from the results shown in table 2, the number of effective viable bacteria, total nutrients and organic matters in example 1 are far greater than those in the comparative example, while the rate of mixed bacteria and the water content are lower than those in the comparative example, and the results show that the number of microbial strains in the bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the invention far exceeds the standard number and the content of organic matters is high and the water content is low.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (6)
1. The microbial strain-rich bio-organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-100 parts of chicken manure; 60-100 parts of pig manure; 10-20 parts of straw; 10-20 parts of wheat bran; 1-5 parts of a leavening agent; 1-3 parts of a biological additive; 10-20 parts of auxiliary materials; 5-10 parts of a chelating agent;
the preparation process of the microbial strain-rich bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material pretreatment: crushing and grinding the straws and the wheat bran by using a crusher and a ball mill;
s2, batching: mixing the crushed and ground straws and wheat bran with chicken manure and pig manure, and mixing the mixture with well water according to the ratio of 2: 1, adding the auxiliary material, the chelating agent and the biological additive, and continuously mixing to obtain a mixture;
s3, adding a leaven and mixing: pouring the mixture into a stirrer, adding two thirds of the total amount of the leavening agent into the mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain compost;
s4, primary fermentation: placing the compost in a fermentation shed for fermentation treatment, wherein the stacking height is 1.2-1.5 m, the stacking width is 1.8-3.0 m, and the initial temperature is controlled at 45-60 ℃;
s5, turning: turning the compost after the primary fermentation treatment, and starting turning the compost after the temperature of the compost is raised to be above 60 ℃ and kept for 48 hours;
s6, secondary fermentation: adding the remaining one third of the leaven into the turned compost again for secondary fermentation for 6-8 days;
s7, decomposing: dragging the compost after the secondary fermentation into a drying field for drying, and completing the decomposition treatment of the microbial organic fertilizer;
s8, granulating and packaging: and adding hydrophilic silicone oil into the decomposed raw materials, uniformly mixing, granulating the raw materials by using a granulator, and packaging the microbial organic fertilizer after granulation.
2. The microbial strain-rich bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary materials are potassium fulvate and calcium ammonium nitrate in a mass ratio of 2: 3, mixing; the chelating agent is one of sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium polyacrylate; the biological auxiliary agent is carbohydrase and hydrolytic protease according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, mixing.
3. The microbial strain-enriched bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the starter is prepared by the following method:
(1) taking materials according to the following weight portion: 200 parts of antibiotic fungus residues, 100 parts of straws, 100 parts of pressed powder, 100 parts of bran, 20 parts of urea, 5 parts of sodium chloride, 15 parts of quicklime and 20 parts of high-activity bacillus mucilaginosus;
(2) pretreatment: cutting the straws in the raw materials to a length of 1-2cm, crushing the straws into crushed slag by a crusher, adding materials except the high-activity bacillus mucilaginosus into the crushed straws, mixing the materials, performing steam sterilization to obtain a mixture, and adding water until the water content of the material is 60%;
(3) fermentation: adding high activity Bacillus mucilaginosus into the mixture, ventilating and fermenting at 30-40 deg.C for 1-3 days to obtain starter.
4. The microbial strain-rich bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein the straw is a mixture of wheat straw, rice straw, corn stalk and beanstalk, and the pressed powder is a mixture of corn pressed powder, meal cottonseed pressed powder and rapeseed pressed powder.
5. The microbial strain-enriched bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein said highly active Bacillus mucilaginosus strain is cultured by the following method:
1): the formula of the activation culture medium and the seed culture medium is as follows: 10-20 parts of agar, 20-40 parts of peptone, 10-20 parts of cottonseed meal, 2-4 parts of molasses, 2-4 parts of beef extract, 2-5 parts of sodium chloride, 2-4 parts of calcium carbonate, 2-4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2-4 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 1-2 parts of magnesium sulfate, wherein water is added to the mixture to reach a constant volume of 1000mL, and the pH value is 7.0-7.2;
2): inoculating the bacillus mucilaginosus to be tested into a slant activation culture medium, activating for 24 hours, controlling the initial temperature at 30-32 ℃ and forming spores;
3): inoculating the sporulated strain into a 500mL conical flask filled with 100mL of seed culture medium, and culturing for 24h by a shaking table at the set temperature of 30 ℃ and the rotation speed of 150r/min to obtain the high-activity bacillus mucilaginosus strain.
6. The process for preparing the microbial strain-rich bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material pretreatment: crushing and grinding the straws and the wheat bran by using a crusher and a ball mill;
s2, batching: mixing the crushed and ground straws and wheat bran with chicken manure and pig manure, and mixing the mixture with well water according to the ratio of 2: 1, adding the auxiliary material, the chelating agent and the biological additive, and continuously mixing to obtain a mixture;
s3, adding a leaven and mixing: pouring the mixture into a stirrer, adding two thirds of the total amount of the leavening agent into the mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain compost;
s4, primary fermentation: placing the compost in a fermentation shed for fermentation treatment, wherein the stacking height is 1.2-1.5 m, the stacking width is 1.8-3.0 m, and the initial temperature is controlled at 45-60 ℃;
s5, turning: turning the compost after the primary fermentation treatment, starting turning the compost after the temperature of the compost is raised to be above 60 ℃ and is kept for 48 hours, and turning the low-layer materials into the middle upper part of the compost;
s6, secondary fermentation: adding the remaining one third of the leaven into the turned compost again for secondary fermentation for 6-8 days;
s7, decomposing: dragging the compost after the secondary fermentation into a drying field for drying, and completing the decomposition treatment of the microbial organic fertilizer;
s8, granulating and packaging: and adding hydrophilic silicone oil into the decomposed raw materials, uniformly mixing, granulating the raw materials by using a granulator, and packaging the microbial organic fertilizer after granulation.
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