CN112215428B - Photovoltaic power generation power prediction method and system based on error correction and fuzzy logic - Google Patents
Photovoltaic power generation power prediction method and system based on error correction and fuzzy logic Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A photovoltaic power generation power prediction method based on error correction and fuzzy logic comprises the following steps: step 1, acquiring historical photovoltaic power generation power data and historical meteorological data of a forecast day M days ago, and meteorological data of the forecast day; step 2, using two of the time and the time meteorological data as the input of a fuzzy controller, defining the output of the fuzzy controller as a cloud amount coefficient of the time, and step 3, calculating an error correction factor by using a photovoltaic power generation power predicted value and a photovoltaic power generation power true value; step 4, taking meteorological historical data which are not used for calculating the cloud amount coefficient, the cloud amount coefficient and the error correction factor as the input of a neural network, and taking the photovoltaic power generation power predicted value as the output to train the neural network; and 5, predicting the photovoltaic power generation power through the neural network trained in the step 4 by using meteorological data and time data of the day of the prediction day.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic power generation power prediction method and system based on a neural network.
Background
At present, the traditional coal energy is increasingly exhausted, the price of petroleum is continuously increased, and meanwhile, people pay more attention to environmental protection, so that people have urgent needs on renewable energy. Photovoltaic power generation is to convert solar energy into electric energy, and solar energy is clean, environment-friendly and renewable clean energy. Under the condition of conventional energy shortage at present, the photovoltaic industry is developed, so that people do not depend on non-renewable energy such as petroleum and coal too much, and the effects of maintaining ecological balance and adjusting energy structures are achieved.
In view of the current development situation of the global photovoltaic power generation industry, due to the increasing importance of the world countries on the sustainable development concept, the scale of global photovoltaic power generation is rapidly expanding. With the continuous development of electric power technology, the cost of photovoltaic power generation is remarkably reduced, and the price of photovoltaic power generation products is also continuously reduced. At present, photovoltaic power generation projects are actively promoted in countries in many regions in the world, more and more investors participate in the photovoltaic market, and the global photovoltaic market is developing towards diversification. From the overseas market loading perspective, there are an increasing number of projects loading in excess of one billion watts per year. The competitiveness of photovoltaic power generation in the market is gradually improved, and the photovoltaic power generation is likely to become the most popular new energy technology in the future. One of the key problems limiting the development of photovoltaic power generation at present is the problem of predicting the power of photovoltaic power generation.
Firstly, the accurate prediction of the photovoltaic power can improve the stability of the power grid and increase the photoelectric capacity of the power grid. The photovoltaic power generation has intermittence, randomness and fluctuation, so that a series of problems are brought to the safe operation of a power grid, and the traditional method of a power grid dispatching department can only adopt the action of pulling a gate and limiting the power. With the increase of the proportion of the power grid power structure of the photovoltaic power station, the photovoltaic power prediction system becomes more important, the more accurate the photovoltaic power prediction is, the smaller the influence of the photovoltaic grid connection on the safe operation of the power grid is, and the power grid scheduling department can be effectively helped to make scheduling plans of various power supplies.
And secondly, the photovoltaic power station is helped to reduce economic loss caused by power limiting, and the operation management efficiency of the photovoltaic power station is improved. The more accurate the photovoltaic power prediction is, the more the photovoltaic power is, the less the photovoltaic power limitation is, so that the sunlight absorption capacity of the power grid is greatly improved, the economic loss of photovoltaic owners caused by power limitation is reduced, and the investment return rate of photovoltaic power stations is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for predicting the power based on an artificial neural network, adding an error correction factor and a fuzzy preprocessing method and predicting the photovoltaic output power more accurately.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme. A photovoltaic power generation power prediction method based on error correction and fuzzy logic comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring historical photovoltaic power generation power data and historical meteorological data of a forecast day M days ago, and meteorological data of the forecast day;
step 2, using two of the time and the time meteorological data as the input of the fuzzy controller, defining the output of the fuzzy controller as the cloud cover coefficient of the time,
step 3, calculating an error correction factor according to the predicted value and the true value of the photovoltaic power generation power;
step 4, taking meteorological historical data which are not used for calculating the cloud amount coefficient, the cloud amount coefficient and the error correction factor as the input of a neural network, and taking the photovoltaic power generation power predicted value as the output to train the neural network;
and 5, predicting the photovoltaic power generation power through the neural network trained in the step 4 by using meteorological data and time data of the day of the prediction day.
Preferably, in step 1, the step of predicting photovoltaic power generation power historical data and meteorological historical data M days before the day comprises: predicting photovoltaic power generation power and meteorological historical data at the j-th time of the ith day before the day, wherein i is 1, 2., M, i is 1, represents the day before the predicted day, and j is 1, 2., N and N represent the number of sampling points per day;
predicting weather data for the day includes: the meteorological data of the j-th moment of the day before the day are predicted, wherein j is 1, 2.
Preferably, the meteorological data comprises: irradiance vector I x ＝[I x1 ，I x2 ，...，I xN ]Temperature vector T x ＝[T x1 ，T x2 ，...，T xN ]Vector of wind speed WS x ＝[WS x1 ，WS x2 ，...，WS xN ]Wind direction vector WD x ＝[WD x1 ，WD x2 ，...，WD xN ]Air pressure vector A x ＝[A x1 ，A x2 ，...，A xN ]Humidity vector H x ＝[H x1 ，H x2 ，...，H xN ]Vector of rainfall R x ＝[R x1 ，R x2 ，...，R xN ]Relative humidity vector RH x ＝[RH x1 ，RH x2 ，...，RH xN ]When x is i, the day before the prediction day is represented, and when x is 0, the day before the prediction day is represented.
Preferably, in step 2, the rainfall R at the j time of the ith day before the day is predicted ij Relative humidity RH ij The sum time ij is input into a fuzzy controllerTo predict the cloud cover coefficient C at the j time of the ith day before the day ij As outputs, namely:
in the formula:
X fc_in an input to the fuzzy controller is represented as,
Y fc_out representing the output of the fuzzy controller.
Preferably, step 2 specifically comprises: and calling a fuzzy processing toolbox in the MATLAB, using a three-input single-output control structure to fuzzify three inputs into { low, normal and high }, fuzzifying an output into {1,2 and 3}, and setting a membership function.
Preferably, the step 2 fuzzy controller uses a fuzzy triangular membership function.
Preferably, step 3 specifically comprises: calculating an error correction factor for predicting the jth time of the ith day by the following formula to obtain the error correction factor E i The indicated error correction factor vector for the i-th day before the prediction day,
in the formula:
E ij error correction factor representing the j time of the ith day predicted, E i ＝[E i1 ，E i2 ，...，E iN ]，
P ij Representing the photovoltaic power generation power, P, at the jth moment of the ith day before the day to be predicted f_ij And the photovoltaic power generation power predicted value at the j time of the ith day before the day to be predicted is shown.
Preferably, step 4, training the neural network with historical data, with X net_ij Represents the input of the neural network and,
with Y net_ij The output of the neural network is represented as,
Y net_ij ＝P f_ij
in the formula:
E ij error correction factor representing the jth time of the ith day before the predicted day, E i ＝[E i1 ，E i2 ，...，E iN ]，
P ij Represents the photovoltaic power generation power P of the ith day and the jth moment before the day to be predicted f_ij And the photovoltaic power generation power predicted value at the j time of the ith day before the day to be predicted is shown.
Preferably, the neural network uses a BP neural network model, which is expressed in the following formula,
in the formula:
a 1β represents the output of the beta-th neuron of the hidden layer,
m represents the number of hidden layer neurons,
f 1 (s) represents a transfer function of the transfer,
s represents the intermediate variable(s) and,
w θβ represents the connection weight of the theta input unit at the beta neuron of the hidden layer,
x θ it indicates the theta-th input unit,
b 1β represents the bias of the beta neuron of the hidden layer;
a 2 the output of the output layer is represented,
f 2 (s) represents a transfer function of the transfer,
w β denotes a 1β The connection weight of (a) is set,
b 2 indicating the bias of the output layer.
Preferably, a Levenberg-Marquardt optimization method is used as the neural network training algorithm.
Preferably, step 5 specifically includes:
step 5.1, inputting the rainfall and relative humidity data of the forecast day into a fuzzy controller to obtain the cloud cover coefficient of the forecast day,
and 5.2, if the predicted day has no error predicted by the previous day, taking the default error as the input of the neural network with a value of 0.
Step 5.3, inputting the meteorological data, the cloud cover coefficient and the error correction factor of the predicted day into the trained neural network,
obtaining the output Y of the neural network net_0i ，
Y net_0j ＝P f_0j
Namely, a prediction result of the predicted solar photovoltaic generating power is obtained.
The invention also provides a photovoltaic power generation power prediction system of the photovoltaic power generation power prediction method based on the error correction and the fuzzy logic, which comprises the following modules:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring historical photovoltaic power generation power data and meteorological historical data M days before the prediction day and meteorological data on the prediction day;
the first data preprocessing module comprises a fuzzy controller unit, uses two of the time acquired by the data acquisition module and the time meteorological data as the input of the fuzzy controller, defines the output of the fuzzy controller as the cloud amount coefficient of the time,
the second data preprocessing module is used for calculating an error correction factor according to the photovoltaic power generation power predicted value and the photovoltaic power generation power true value acquired by the data acquisition module;
the photovoltaic power generation power prediction module is internally provided with a neural network unit, the neural network unit takes meteorological historical data which are not used for calculating a cloud coefficient, the cloud coefficient and an error correction factor as the input of the neural network, and takes a photovoltaic power generation power prediction value as the output to be obtained through training; the photovoltaic power generation power prediction module predicts the photovoltaic power generation power through the trained neural network unit by using meteorological data and time data of the day of prediction;
and the data output module is used for outputting and displaying the prediction result of the photovoltaic power generation power prediction module.
Preferably, the data acquisition module randomly selects 15 days each in each season of the year, and the number of sampling points per day is N-288.
Preferably, the second data preprocessing module includes at least one of a mean square error calculation unit, a root mean square error calculation unit, a mean absolute percentage error calculation unit, or a symmetric mean absolute percentage error calculation unit.
Preferably, the built-in neural network unit is at least one of a convolutional neural network unit, a bayesian neural network unit or a BP neural network unit.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages that the method and the device can be used for predicting the output power of a single photovoltaic panel and can also be used for predicting the output power of a photovoltaic station. Namely, a prediction result of the predicted solar photovoltaic generating power is obtained. The method comprises the specific processes of firstly using historical data, taking irradiance, temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed and wind direction as one to six inputs of a neural network input layer, inputting a seventh input as an error factor predicted in the first five minutes to carry out network correction, introducing a fuzzy preprocessing tool kit into a neural network system to search data correlation among relative humidity, rainfall and the time of the day, and classifying a cloud cover coefficient as the eighth input of the neural network. The output of the neural network is photovoltaic output power. And carrying out network training. After training is completed, the neural network can be used for more accurately predicting the photovoltaic output power.
The beneficial effects of the invention at least comprise:
1. and calculating a prediction error based on prediction data obtained in the first five minutes according to an error calculation formula, and returning the prediction error to the input layer of the neural network to be used as the input of prediction at the next moment and used as an error correction factor for correcting the neural network. The neural network can monitor the prediction error at a moment, so that the prediction at the next moment is more accurate.
2. The cloud covering amount has great correlation with irradiance, so that the correlation between a rainfall coefficient and three data of relative temperature, rainfall and time is found by taking the fuzzy logic theory into consideration and utilizing a fuzzy preprocessing tool box carried by MATLAB, the cloud coefficient is obtained and used as the input quantity of the neural network, and the prediction of the neural network on the photovoltaic power is further accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a photovoltaic power generation power prediction method based on error correction and fuzzy logic in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a neural network of the error correction and fuzzy logic based photovoltaic power generation power prediction method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of fuzzy logic of the error correction and fuzzy logic based photovoltaic power generation power prediction method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a fuzzy logic processing block diagram of the photovoltaic power generation power prediction method based on error correction and fuzzy logic of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereby.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a photovoltaic power generation power prediction method based on error correction and fuzzy logic, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring historical photovoltaic power generation power data and historical meteorological data of a forecast day M days ago, and acquiring meteorological data of the forecast day.
The photovoltaic power generation power historical data and the meteorological historical data for M days before the day are predicted to comprise: the photovoltaic power generation power and weather history data of the j-th time on the ith day before the forecast day are predicted, wherein i is 1, 2.
Correspondingly, the weather data of the day of the forecast day comprises: the meteorological data of the j-th time of the day before are predicted, wherein j is 1, 2.
In particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
i denotes irradiance, I i Represents the irradiance vector, I, of the predicted day I before ij Represents the irradiance at the jth time of the ith day, I i ＝[I i1 ，I i2 ，...，I iN ]，I 0 Represents the irradiance vector for the predicted day, I 0j Represents the irradiance at the jth moment of the predicted day, I 0 ＝[I 01 ，I 02 ，...，I 0N ]。
T represents the temperature, T i Denotes the temperature vector, T, at day i before the predicted day ii Denotes the temperature, T, at the j-th time of the i-th day before the predicted day i ＝[T i1 ，T i2 ，...，T iN ]，T 0 Temperature vector, T, representing the day of the forecast day 0j Indicating the temperature, T, at the jth time of day of the forecast day 0 ＝[T 01 ，T 02 ，...，T 0N ]。
WS denotes wind speed, WS i Representing the wind velocity vector, WS, predicted day i before day ij Represents the predicted wind speed at the jth time of day i before the day, WS i ＝[WS i1 ，WS i2 ，...，WS iN ]，WS 0 Representing the wind velocity vector, WS, of the predicted day 0j Representing the wind speed, WS, at the jth time of the day of the forecast 0 ＝[WS 01 ，WS 02 ，...，WS 0N ]。
WD denotes wind direction, WD i Indicating the wind direction vector, WD, of the i-th day before the predicted day ij Indicating the predicted direction of the wind at time j on day i before day, WD i ＝[WD i1 ，WD i2 ，...，WD iN ]，WD 0 Representing wind direction vectors, WD, of the predicted day 0j Indicating the wind direction at the jth moment of the predicted day, WD 0 ＝[WD 01 ，WD 02 ，...，WD 0N ]。
A represents air pressure, A i Denotes the barometric pressure vector on day i before the predicted day, A ij Indicating the predicted pressure at time j on day i before the day, A i ＝[A i1 ，A i2 ，...，A iN ]，A 0 The barometric vector representing the day of the forecast, A 0j Indicating the barometric pressure at the jth moment of the day predicted, A 0 ＝[A 01 ，A 02 ，...，A 0N ]。
H denotes humidity, H i Denotes the humidity vector, H, of the i th day before the predicted day ij Denotes the humidity at the j-th time on the ith day before the predicted day, H i ＝[H i1 ，H i2 ，...，H iN ]，H 0 Denotes the humidity vector of the day of the forecast day, H 0j Indicating the humidity at the jth moment of the predicted day, H 0 ＝[H 01 ，H 02 ，...，H 0N ]。
R represents rainfall, R i Represents the rainfall vector of the i-th day before the predicted day, R ij Indicating the predicted rainfall at the jth time of day i before the day, R i ＝[R i1 ，R i2 ，...，R iN ]，R 0 Representing the rainfall vector of the predicted day, R 0j Indicating the amount of rainfall at the jth moment of the predicted day, R 0 ＝[R 01 ，R 02 ，...，R 0N ]。
RH denotes the relative humidity, RH i Relative humidity vector, RH, representing the i day before the predicted day ij Indicates the relative humidity, RH, at the j-th time of the ith day before the predicted day i ＝[RH i1 ，RH i2 ，...，RH iN ]，RH 0 Relative humidity vector, RH, representing the day of the forecast day 0j Indicating the relative humidity, RH, at the jth moment of the day of the forecast 0 ＝[RH 01 ，RH 02 ，...，RH 0N ]。
P represents the photovoltaic power generation power, Pi tableShowing the photovoltaic power generation power vector, P, of the ith day before the predicted day ij Represents the photovoltaic power generation power P of the ith day and the jth moment before the day to be predicted i ＝[P i1 ，P i2 ，...，P iN ]，P f_i Representing a photovoltaic power generation power prediction vector, P, of the day i before the day to be predicted f_ij Representing the predicted value of the photovoltaic power generation power at the j time of the ith day before the day to be predicted, P f_i ＝[P f_i1 ，P f_i2 ，...，P f_iN ]，P f_0 Representing the photovoltaic power generation power prediction vector, P, for the day to be predicted f_0j Representing the photovoltaic power generation power predicted value, P, of the jth moment of the day to be predicted f_0 ＝[P f_01 ，P f_02 ，...，P f_0N ]。
It should be noted that those skilled in the art can select the type and number of the meteorological data arbitrarily, and the eight meteorological data used in the preferred embodiment of the present invention are only non-limiting preferred choices for predicting the photovoltaic power generation power, and those skilled in the art can use more or less meteorological data, or other meteorological data for prediction.
According to the correlation definition, the closer the result is to 1, the higher the correlation and vice versa. The result is positive correlation and negative correlation. And according to the calculation of various meteorological data and correlations, selecting the meteorological data with higher correlation as the input of a neural network to predict the photovoltaic power.
The correlation between the meteorological data and the photovoltaic power generation power is analyzed according to the data of a certain photovoltaic station, and the results are as follows:
| weather factors | Coefficient of correlation |
| Irradiance of | 0.9840 |
| Temperature of | 0.7615 |
| Air pressure | 0.2151 |
| Humidity of air | -0.4918 |
| Wind speed | 0.1970 |
| Wind direction | 0.1652 |
It can be seen that the correlation coefficient values of different meteorological factors are different, the more the input number of the neural network is, the more the network is complex, and the longer the training time is. The selection of meteorological data is limited based on the correlation. The accuracy can be improved, and meanwhile, the network training time can be ensured.
As a preferred option, the meteorological data characteristics vary significantly over the seasons of the year. However, if the meteorological data of each day of a year are taken as samples, the data are huge, the memory is large, and the network training time is reduced, so that the span of the historical data is preferably randomly selected for 15 days in each season of the year according to the common consideration of the network precision and the training time, the number of sampling points per day is preferably N-288, that is, the data are sampled every 5min and the photovoltaic power is predicted.
Step 2, as shown in fig. 3, fuzzy preprocessing, the present invention proposes to use the complexity of fuzzy processing of the existing weather data input. The fuzzy processing is a branch of artificial intelligence. Traditional artificial intelligence is based on "clean" rules. The fuzzy processing is used to simulate human thinking. As fuzzy logic and probability theory are proposed and studied intensively, they show more and more powerful advantages in uncertainty inference and multi-sensor information fusion.
A fuzzy pre-processing toolbox is introduced into the nervous system to look for data correlations between relative humidity, rainfall and time of day, classifying the cloud index as another input to the neural network (i 8). The fuzzy preprocessing comprehensively considers the influence of relative humidity, rainfall and time on irradiance, simplifies the input of a neural network, and simultaneously obtains the relation between the common relation among the relative humidity, the rainfall and the time and the irradiance more accurately.
Three input variables selected: and (3) selecting a triangular membership function for the three variables, carrying out fuzzy partition according to the corresponding maximum and minimum values in the sample data, wherein each partition corresponds to a fuzzy subset. 3 fuzzy language variable values are taken for humidity, rainfall and time: low, normal, high. The output of the meteorological factor after fuzzification processing is also a triangular membership function, and 3 fuzzy language variable values are selected: low, normal, high.
As shown in fig. 4, more specifically, the cloud coverage has a large correlation with irradiance, so that the correlation between the rainfall coefficient and three data of relative temperature, rainfall and time is found by using a fuzzy preprocessing toolbox of MATLAB in consideration of fuzzy logic theory.
The fuzzy processing toolbox is first invoked using the fuzzy command, first selecting (Add Variable) to implement a three-input single-output control structure. And step two, fuzzifying input and output according to the number of the divided sets, fuzzifying three inputs into { low, normal and high }, fuzzifying output into {1,2 and 3}, and setting a triangular membership Function in a (Member Function Edit) window.
The specific expression of the fuzzified triangular membership function is as follows:
definition C denotes the cloud coefficient, C i Representing the cloud coefficient vector, C, of the i-th day before the prediction day ij Representing the cloud cover coefficient at the j time of the ith day before the predicted day, C i ＝[C i1 ，C i2 ，...，G iN ]，C 0 Coefficient vector of cloud cover representing the day of the forecast day, C 0j Representing the cloud cover coefficient, C, at the jth moment of the predicted day 0 ＝[C 01 ，C 02 ，...，C 0N ]；
To predict the rainfall R at the jth moment on the ith day before the day ij Relative humidity RH ij And the sum time ij is used as input and input into a fuzzy controller to predict the cloud cover coefficient C at the j time of the ith day before the day ij As outputs, namely:
in the formula:
X fc_in an input to the fuzzy controller is represented as,
Y fc_out representing the output of the fuzzy controller.
And step 3, calculating an error correction factor,
definition E denotes an error correction factor, E i Representing the error correction factor vector for the i day before the predicted day, E ij Error correction factor representing the j time of the ith day predicted, E i ＝[E i1 ，E i2 ，...，E iN ]，E 0 Error correction factor vector representing the day of the predicted day, E 0j Error correction factor representing the jth moment of the predicted day, E 0 ＝[E 01 ，E 02 ，…，E 0N ]；
An error correction factor for predicting the jth time on the ith day before the day is calculated by the following formula,
it is worth noting thatOne skilled in the art can arbitrarily select at least one of MSE (Mean Square Error), RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), MAE (Mean Absolute Error), MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) or SMAPE (Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error) as the Error correction factor, and the SMAPE of this embodiment can be used as the Error correction factor ij But is only one non-limiting preference.
Step 4, as shown in fig. 2, training the neural network with the historical data, and using X net_ij Represents the input to the neural network and,
with Y net_ij The output of the neural network is represented as,
Y net_ij ＝P f_ij
the neural network uses a BP neural network model, which is expressed in the following formula,
in the formula:
a 1β represents the output of the beta-th neuron of the hidden layer,
m represents the number of hidden layer neurons,
f 1 (s) represents a transfer function of the transfer,
s represents the intermediate variable(s) and,
w θβ represents the connection weight of the theta input unit at the beta neuron of the hidden layer,
x θ it indicates the theta-th input unit,
b 1β represents the bias of the beta neuron of the hidden layer;
a 2 the output of the output layer is represented,
f 2 (s) represents a transfer function of the transfer,
w β denotes a 1β The connection weight of (a) is set,
b 2 indicating the bias of the output layer.
And a Levenberg-Marquardt optimization method is used as a BP neural network training algorithm.
It is noted that one skilled in the art can arbitrarily select the neural network model and the training algorithm, for example, but not limited to, various choices for the neural network, such as convolutional neural network, bayesian neural network, etc., and the training algorithm may also be a conjugate gradient method, newton method, gradient descent method, etc. The Levenberg-Marquardt optimized BP neural network presented in this example is only a preferred but non-limiting model.
And 5, predicting the photovoltaic power generation power through the trained neural network by using meteorological data and time data of the day of prediction. In particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
step 5.1, inputting the rainfall and relative humidity data of the forecast day into a fuzzy controller to obtain the cloud cover coefficient of the forecast day,
and 5.2, if the predicted day has no error predicted by the previous day, taking the default error as the input of the neural network with a value of 0.
Step 5.3, inputting the meteorological data, the cloud cover coefficient and the error correction factor of the predicted day into the trained neural network,
obtaining the output Y of the neural network net_0j ，
Y net_0j ＝P f_0j
Namely, a prediction result of the predicted solar photovoltaic generating power is obtained.
The method has the advantages that compared with the prior art, the method has the specific process that historical data is used, irradiance, temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed and wind direction are taken as one to six inputs of a neural network input layer, the seventh input is an error factor predicted in the first five minutes to input the error factor to modify the network, a tool kit with fuzzy preprocessing is introduced into a neural network system to search data correlation among relative humidity, rainfall and the time of the day, and cloud amount coefficients are classified as the eighth input of the neural network. The output of the neural network is photovoltaic output power. And carrying out network training. After training is completed, the neural network can be used for more accurately predicting the photovoltaic output power.
The invention also provides a photovoltaic power generation power prediction system of the photovoltaic power generation power prediction method based on the error correction and the fuzzy logic, which comprises the following modules:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring historical photovoltaic power generation power data and historical meteorological data of M days before the forecast day and the meteorological data of the forecast day;
a first data preprocessing module which comprises a fuzzy controller unit, uses two of the time acquired by the data acquisition module and the time meteorological data as the input of the fuzzy controller, defines the output of the fuzzy controller as the cloud amount coefficient of the time,
the second data preprocessing module is used for calculating an error correction factor according to the photovoltaic power generation power predicted value and the photovoltaic power generation power true value acquired by the data acquisition module;
the photovoltaic power generation power prediction module is internally provided with a neural network unit, the neural network unit takes meteorological historical data which are not used for calculating a cloud amount coefficient, the cloud amount coefficient and an error correction factor as the input of the neural network, takes a photovoltaic power generation power prediction value as the output, and trains to obtain the power; the photovoltaic power generation power prediction module predicts the photovoltaic power generation power through the trained neural network unit by using meteorological data and time data of the day of prediction;
and the data output module is used for outputting and displaying the prediction result of the photovoltaic power generation power prediction module.
The beneficial effects of the invention at least comprise:
1. and calculating a prediction error based on prediction data obtained in the first five minutes according to an error calculation formula, and returning the prediction error to the input layer of the neural network to be used as the input of prediction at the next moment and used as an error correction factor for correcting the neural network. The neural network can monitor the prediction error at a moment, so that the prediction at the next moment is more accurate.
2. The cloud covering amount has great correlation with irradiance, so that the correlation between a rainfall coefficient and three data of relative temperature, rainfall and time is found by taking the fuzzy logic theory into consideration and utilizing a fuzzy preprocessing tool box carried by MATLAB, the cloud coefficient is obtained and used as the input quantity of the neural network, and the prediction of the neural network on the photovoltaic power is further accurate.
The present applicant has described and illustrated embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the detailed description is only for the purpose of helping the reader to better understand the spirit of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and on the contrary, any improvement or modification made based on the spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A photovoltaic power generation power prediction method based on error correction and fuzzy logic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, acquiring historical photovoltaic power generation power data and historical meteorological data of a forecast day M days ago, and meteorological data of the forecast day;
step 2, using two of the time and the time meteorological data as the input of a fuzzy controller, defining the output of the fuzzy controller as a cloud cover coefficient of the time, wherein, the rainfall R of the jth moment of the ith day before the day is predicted ij Relative humidity RH ij And the sum time ij is used as input and input into a fuzzy controller to predict the cloud cover coefficient C at the j time of the ith day before the day ij As outputs, namely:
in the formula:
X fc_in an input of the fuzzy controller is represented and,
Y fc_out representing the output of the fuzzy controller;
step 3, calculating an error correction factor according to the predicted photovoltaic power generation power value and the true photovoltaic power generation power value, calculating an error correction factor for predicting the jth moment of the ith day before the day according to the following formula, and obtaining the error correction factor E i The indicated error correction factor vector for the i-th day before the prediction day,
in the formula:
E ij error correction factor representing the j time of the ith day predicted, E ij ＝[E i1 ,E i2 ,…,E ij ]，
P ij Representing the photovoltaic power generation power, P, at the jth moment of the ith day before the day to be predicted f_ij The photovoltaic power generation power prediction value of the ith day and the jth moment before the day to be predicted is represented;
step 4, taking meteorological historical data which are not used for calculating the cloud amount coefficient, the cloud amount coefficient and the error correction factor as the input of a neural network, taking the photovoltaic power generation power predicted value as the output, training the neural network,
wherein the neural network is trained with historical data, X net_ij Represents the input of the neural network and,
with Y net_ij The output of the neural network is represented as,
Y net_ij ＝P f_ij
in the formula:
E ij error correction factor representing the j time of the ith day predicted, E ij ＝[E i1 ,E i2 ,…,E ij ]，
P ij Representing the photovoltaic power generation power, P, at the jth moment of the ith day before the day to be predicted f_ij Representing the predicted value of the photovoltaic power generation power at the j time of the ith day before the day to be predicted,
the neural network uses a BP neural network model, which is expressed in the following formula,
in the formula:
a 1β represents the output of the beta-th neuron of the hidden layer,
m represents the number of hidden layer neurons,
f 1 (s) represents a transfer function of the transfer,
s represents the intermediate variable(s) and,
w θβ represents the connection weight of the theta input unit at the beta neuron of the hidden layer,
x θ it indicates the theta-th input unit,
b 1β representing the bias of the beta neuron of the hidden layer;
a 2 the output of the output layer is represented,
f 2 (s) represents a transfer function of the transfer,
w β denotes a 1β The connection weight of (a) is set,
b 2 indicating the bias of the output layer;
and 5, predicting the photovoltaic power generation power by using the meteorological data and time data of the day of the prediction day through the neural network trained in the step 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 5.1, inputting the rainfall and relative humidity data of the forecast day into a fuzzy controller to obtain the cloud cover coefficient of the forecast day,
step 5.2, if the prediction day has no error predicted by the previous day, the default error is used as the input of the neural network with a value of 0,
step 5.3, inputting the meteorological data, the cloud cover coefficient and the error correction factor of the day of the forecast day into the trained neural network,
obtaining the output Y of the neural network net_0j ，
Y net_0j ＝P f_0j
Namely, a prediction result of the predicted solar photovoltaic power generation power is obtained.
2. The method of photovoltaic power generation power prediction based on error correction and fuzzy logic of claim 1, wherein:
in step 1, predicting photovoltaic power generation power historical data and meteorological historical data M days before the day comprises: predicting photovoltaic power generation power and meteorological historical data at the j-th time on the ith day before the day, wherein i is 1,2 and …, M, i is 1 represents the day before the predicted day, and j is 1,2, …, N and N represent sampling points per day;
predicting weather data for the day includes: and predicting meteorological data at the j-th time of the day before the day, wherein j is 1,2, …, N and N represent the number of sampling points per day.
3. The method of photovoltaic power generation power prediction based on error correction and fuzzy logic of claim 2, wherein:
the meteorological data includes: irradiance vector I x ＝[I x1 ,I x2 ,…,I xN ]Temperature vector T x ＝[T x1 ,T x2 ,…,T xN ]Vector of wind speed WS x ＝[WS x1 ,WS x2 ,…,WS xN ]Wind direction vector WD x ＝[WD x1 ,WD x2 ,…,WD xN ]Air pressure vector A x ＝[A x1 ,A x2 ,…,A xN ]Humidity vector H x ＝[H x1 ,H x2 ,…,H xN ]Vector of rainfall R x ＝[R x1 ,R x2 ,…,R xN ]Relative humidity vector RH x ＝[RH x1 ,RH x2 ,…,RH xN ]When x is i, the day before the prediction day is represented, and when x is 0, the day before the prediction day is represented.
4. The method of photovoltaic power generation power prediction based on error correction and fuzzy logic of claim 3, wherein:
the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps: and calling a fuzzy processing toolbox in the MATLAB, using a three-input single-output control structure to fuzzify three inputs into { low, normal and high }, fuzzifying an output into {1,2 and 3}, and setting a membership function.
5. The method of photovoltaic power generation power prediction based on error correction and fuzzy logic according to any of claims 1-4, characterized by:
step 2, the fuzzy controller uses a fuzzy triangle membership function.
6. The method of photovoltaic power generation power prediction based on error correction and fuzzy logic of claim 5, wherein:
a Levenberg-Marquardt optimization method is used as a neural network training algorithm.
7. A pv power generation power prediction system based on the method for pv power generation power prediction with error correction and fuzzy logic according to any of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following modules:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring historical photovoltaic power generation power data and historical meteorological data of M days before the forecast day and the meteorological data of the forecast day;
the first data preprocessing module comprises a fuzzy controller unit, uses two of the time acquired by the data acquisition module and the time meteorological data as the input of the fuzzy controller, defines the output of the fuzzy controller as the cloud amount coefficient of the time,
the second data preprocessing module is used for calculating an error correction factor according to the predicted photovoltaic power generation power value and the real photovoltaic power generation power value acquired by the data acquisition module;
the photovoltaic power generation power prediction module is internally provided with a neural network unit, the neural network unit takes meteorological historical data which are not used for calculating a cloud coefficient, the cloud coefficient and an error correction factor as the input of the neural network, and takes a photovoltaic power generation power prediction value as the output to be obtained through training; the photovoltaic power generation power prediction module predicts the photovoltaic power generation power through the trained neural network unit by using meteorological data and time data of the day of prediction;
and the data output module is used for outputting and displaying the prediction result of the photovoltaic power generation power prediction module.
8. The error correction and fuzzy logic based photovoltaic power generation power prediction system of claim 7, wherein:
the data acquisition module randomly selects 15 days in each season of the year, and the number of sampling points per day is 288.
9. The error correction and fuzzy logic based photovoltaic power generation power prediction system of claim 7 or 8, wherein:
the second data preprocessing module comprises at least one of a mean square error calculation unit, a root mean square error calculation unit, a mean absolute percentage error calculation unit or a symmetric mean absolute percentage error calculation unit.
10. The error correction and fuzzy logic based photovoltaic power generation power prediction system of claim 7 or 8, wherein:
the built-in neural network unit is at least one of a convolutional neural network unit, a Bayesian neural network unit or a BP neural network unit.
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