CN112213283B - Gas concentration measuring method - Google Patents
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- CN112213283B CN112213283B CN202010967494.6A CN202010967494A CN112213283B CN 112213283 B CN112213283 B CN 112213283B CN 202010967494 A CN202010967494 A CN 202010967494A CN 112213283 B CN112213283 B CN 112213283B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 156
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000041 tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/39—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/39—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
- G01N2021/396—Type of laser source
- G01N2021/399—Diode laser
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gas concentration measuring method, and belongs to the technical field of laser absorption spectrum. The traditional calibration-free method is to utilize the laser to modulate wavelength to pass through a characteristic absorption region of the measured gas, process two paths of optical signals after passing through the reference gas and the measured gas by utilizing a digital phase-locked filtering technology to obtain the ratio of the second harmonic to the first harmonic, and determine the height of the peak point of the harmonic. And comparing the height values of the existing peak points in the existing database according to the peak point values determined by measurement, and inverting the concentration of the gas to be detected according to the difference value of the height values of the peak points. The semi-calibration method adopted by the invention is based on a calibration-free method, and the peak point of the calibration gas with known concentration is measured periodically, and the data in the database is corrected according to the proportion in the original database, so that the measurement accuracy is improved. Compared with the traditional calibration-free method, the method has the advantages that the measurement accuracy is greatly improved, and meanwhile, compared with the calibration method, the time and the calculation cost can be greatly saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a TDLAS gas concentration measuring method based on a semi-calibration mode. Belonging to the technical field of optical measurement.
Background
China is a large country of coal utilization, and 2018 combustion thermal power generation accounts for more than 73% of the whole installed capacity, wherein the contribution of a coal-fired power plant accounts for the majority. The combustion of fossil fuels such as coal not only results in a large amount of carbon emissions, but also generates a large amount of pollutants such as dust and SO X 、NO X And the like. These substances are the main sources of atmospheric pollution, acid rain and greenhouse effect and also cause great harm to human health. To ensure sustainable development of national economy and society and physical health of citizens, china has started to actively adopt different desulfurization and denitrification technologies to reduce SO X And NO X Emissions, and emissions limits are continually decreasing. In recent years, in order to continuously improve the quality of the ambient air, china starts to comprehensively implement ultralow emission and energy-saving reconstruction work of coal-fired power plants, and the requirements on the limit value of emission are stricter, so that stricter requirements on the accuracy of gas measurement are put forward. In addition, in some techniques, the gas used as a catalyst needs to be precisely known in terms of its injected amount to achieve minimum gas slip and maximum catalytic efficiency. Therefore, for accurate and rapid measurement of various gas concentrations, a critical precondition is provided for solving the problems of controlling the emission of greenhouse gases and the escape of trace gases.
The TDLAS technology based on the tunable diode laser absorption spectrum technology is a gas monitoring technology which is rapidly developed in recent years. In this technology, in order to eliminate noise interference and improve measurement accuracy, various inventions such as calibration-free and calibration-free inventions are continuously presented, but the accuracy or the calculation cost is lacking. The invention provides a TDLAS gas concentration measuring method based on a semi-calibration mode, which improves measuring precision and reduces calculated amount and time cost. Therefore, the invention has wider application prospect in the measurement of the gas concentration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to provide a TDLAS gas concentration measuring method based on a semi-calibration mode, so that the purposes of improving measuring precision and reducing time and calculating cost are achieved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
step one: introducing gas to be detected and calibration gas with known concentration and reference gas nitrogen into the three gas tanks, wherein the types of the calibration gas are consistent with those of the gas to be detected;
step two: the laser emitted by the same laser emitter can be received by a detector after respectively passing through three gas pools containing gas to be detected, calibration gas and reference gas, and the signal of the detector is received by an industrial personal computer;
step three: calculating to obtain peak points of the gas to be measured and the calibration gas;
step four: replacing the value in the existing database with the peak value of the calibration gas with a certain concentration, and reestablishing data according to the proportion of the original database;
step five: and comparing the peak point of the gas to be detected with the peak point line in the reconstruction database, and determining the concentration of the gas to be detected.
Preferably, the second step includes the following steps:
(1) Setting up a measuring platform and adjusting the angle to ensure that light emitted from a laser emitter sequentially passes through a beam splitter, a gas tank and a detector to ensure the stability of the acquired signals;
(2) An edit function generator for generating a function of the scan frequency superimposed modulation frequency;
(3) The detector collects the gas light signal I_CL≡M (t), the reference gas light signal I_CZ≡M (t) and the calibration gas light signal I_BD≡M (t).
Preferably, the third step includes the following steps:
(1) Processing three signals received by a detector, respectively carrying out digital phase-locking filtering on signals obtained by measuring the gas to be measured and the calibration gas and the reference gas so as to deduct the signals of the reference gas, thereby obtaining signal values of the gas to be measured and the calibration gas with environmental noise deducted;
(2) Normalizing signal values of the gas to be measured and the calibration gas to obtain two groups of corresponding second harmonic signals and first harmonic signals;
(3) And carrying out ratio processing on the obtained two groups of second harmonic signals and the first harmonic signals, and further obtaining the peak point heights of the gas to be detected and the calibration gas.
In the technical scheme, the normalization processing of the optical signals is performed by adopting a scanning wavelength modulation spectrum technology, namely, the light intensity and the wavelength of the laser are modulated simultaneously by using a high-frequency sine wave, and the influence of background noise on measurement can be eliminated after digital phase locking and low-pass filtering processing. The phase-locking filtering technology adopted by the technology is to carry out digital phase-locking filtering through a program in the PC end, so that a phase-locking filter is not required to be arranged.
The gas light signal to be measured and the calibration gas light signal are functions of concentration, and the following relation is satisfied:
(1)
wherein:for background light intensity signal, ">For the transmission of the light intensity signal,P(atm) is the total pressure of the gas,T(K) The temperature of the gas is set to be the temperature of the gas,Xis the gas concentration (mole percent), +.>(cm) Is about->(wave number range),>(center frequency of absorption line),>linear function (line broadening).
In the actual measurement process, in order to enable the measurement signal and the gas concentration to meet the linear change relation, the influence of residual amplitude modulation needs to be eliminated, and a background-subtracted first harmonic normalized second harmonic signal is utilizedR 2f/1f ) The parameters of the gas are measured and expressed as follows:
(2)
wherein,R 0 1f is 1 of background signalf，、/>Respectively 2fOf signalsX、YA component.R 2f/1f The fluctuation of the gain and the light intensity of the detector can be eliminated, so that the normalized measured value is independent of the intensity of laser, and the non-absorption transmission loss and the light intensity change are inhibited to a certain extent. By means ofR 2f/1f There are generally two methods for measuring the temperature or concentration of a gas: peak point method and fitting method. The method adopted by the invention is a peak point method, namely, the background light intensity and HITRAN spectrum database are utilized for simulationR 2f/1f Signal, establish the curve relation of peak point and gas concentration, will measureR 2f/1f And interpolating the peak point of the signal to obtain the gas concentration.
In addition, the calibration process required in the invention is as follows:
1) Introducing zero gas/high-purity N2, namely reference gas, and recording current concentration measurement data C of the instrument 0 ;
2) Introducing a concentration of C S1 Is used for recording the current concentration measurement data C of the instrument M1 ;
3) Introducing a concentration of C S2 （0<C S1 <C S2 ) CO2 calibration gas of (2), recording current concentration measurement data C of instrument M2 ;
4) The calibrated meter concentration measurement data C is given according to the following segmentation formula:
(3)
the updated data of the database and the corresponding data in the original database should satisfy the following relationship:
(4)
wherein:to reconstruct the height of peak point at a certain concentration in the database,/for example>Peak point height measured for calibration gas, +.>Peak point height measured for reference gas, +.>The peak point height is +.A.A.A.in the original database is the peak point height when the type and concentration of the gas are the same as those of the calibration gas>The peak point height is +.A.A peak point height when the concentration is the same as the reference gas type in the original database is +.>For peak point height in the original database at the same concentration as the reconstructed database, +.>The peak point height of the reference gas in the original database at the same concentration as the reconstructed database.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a gas concentration measurement method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for measuring gas concentration according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a first harmonic plot, a second harmonic plot and a second harmonic versus first harmonic plot after background noise subtraction.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to fig. 1 and 2:
a gas concentration measurement method comprising the steps of:
1. introducing gas to be detected and calibration gas with known concentration and reference gas nitrogen into the three gas tanks, wherein the types of the calibration gas are consistent with those of the gas to be detected;
2. the laser emitted by the same laser emitter can be received by a detector after respectively passing through three gas pools containing gas to be detected, calibration gas and reference gas, and the signal of the detector is received by an industrial personal computer;
3. calculating to obtain peak points of the gas to be measured and the calibration gas;
4. replacing the value in the existing database with the peak value of the calibration gas with a certain concentration, and reestablishing data according to the proportion of the original database;
5. and comparing the peak point of the gas to be detected with the peak point line in the reconstruction database, and determining the concentration of the gas to be detected.
The normalization processing of the optical signals is carried out by adopting a modulation spectrum technology, namely, the light intensity and the wavelength of the laser are modulated simultaneously by using a high-frequency sine wave, and the influence of background noise on measurement can be eliminated after digital phase locking and low-pass filtering processing. The phase-locking filtering technology adopted by the technology is to carry out digital phase-locking filtering through a program in the PC end, so that a phase-locking filter is not required to be arranged.
The gas light signal to be measured and the calibration gas light signal are functions of concentration, and the following relation is satisfied:
(1)
wherein:for background light intensity signal, ">For the transmission of the light intensity signal,P(atm) is the total pressure of the gas,T(K) The temperature of the gas is set to be the temperature of the gas,Xis the gas concentration (mole percent), +.>(cm) Is about->(wave number range),>(center frequency of absorption line),>linear function (line broadening).
In the actual measurement process, in order to enable the measurement signal and the gas concentration to meet the linear change relation, the influence of residual amplitude modulation needs to be eliminated, and a background-subtracted first harmonic normalized second harmonic signal is utilizedR 2f/1f ) The parameters of the gas are measured and expressed as follows:
(2)
wherein,R 0 1f is 1 of background signalf，、/>Respectively 2fOf signalsX、YA component.R 2f/1f The fluctuation of the gain and the light intensity of the detector can be eliminated, so that the normalized measured value is independent of the intensity of laser, and the non-absorption transmission loss and the light intensity change are inhibited to a certain extent. By means ofR 2f/1f There are generally two methods for measuring the temperature or concentration of a gas: peak point method and fitting method. The method adopted by the invention is a peak point method, namely, the background light intensity and HITRAN spectrum database are utilized for simulationR 2f/1f Signal, establish the curve relation of peak point and gas concentration, will measureR 2f/1f And interpolating the peak point of the signal to obtain the gas concentration.
The calibration process required in the invention is as follows:
1) Introducing zero gas/high-purity N2, namely reference gas, and recording current concentration measurement data C of the instrument 0 ;
2) Introducing a concentration of C S1 Is used for recording the current concentration measurement data C of the instrument M1 ;
3) Introducing a concentration of C S2 （0<C S1 <C S2 ) CO2 calibration gas of (2), recording current concentration measurement data C of instrument M2 ;
4) The calibrated meter concentration measurement data C is given according to the following segmentation formula:
(3)
wherein C is raw-data Is the original measurement data before the calibration of the instrument.
The updated data of the database and the corresponding data in the original database should satisfy the following relationship:
(4)
wherein:to reconstruct the height of peak point at a certain concentration in the database,/for example>Peak point height measured for calibration gas, +.>Peak point height measured for reference gas, +.>The peak point height is +.A.A.A.in the original database is the peak point height when the type and concentration of the gas are the same as those of the calibration gas>The peak point height is +.A.A peak point height when the concentration is the same as the reference gas type in the original database is +.>For peak point height in the original database at the same concentration as the reconstructed database, +.>The peak point height of the reference gas in the original database at the same concentration as the reconstructed database.
As shown in fig. 3, the ratio of the normalized second harmonic signal to the first harmonic signal can determine the peak point height. The peak point height can be used as a basis for inversion of gas concentration.
The step 2 comprises the following steps: (1) Setting up a measuring platform and adjusting the angle to ensure that the light emitted from the laser sequentially passes through the beam splitter, the gas tank and the detector, so as to ensure the stability of the acquired signals; (2) An edit function generator for generating a function of the scan frequency superimposed modulation frequency; (3) The detector collects the optical signal of the gas to be detectedReference gas light signal->And a calibration gas light signal->。
The step 3 comprises the following steps: (1) Processing three signals received by a detector, respectively carrying out digital phase-locking filtering on signals obtained by measuring the gas to be measured and the calibration gas and the reference gas so as to deduct the signals of the reference gas, thereby obtaining signal values of the gas to be measured and the calibration gas with environmental noise deducted; (2) Normalizing signal values of the gas to be measured and the calibration gas to obtain two groups of corresponding second harmonic signals and first harmonic signals; (3) And carrying out ratio processing on the obtained two groups of second harmonic signals and the first harmonic signals, and further obtaining the peak point heights of the gas to be detected and the calibration gas.
Claims (1)
1. A method of measuring gas concentration, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Introducing gas to be detected and calibration gas with known concentration and reference gas nitrogen into the three gas tanks, wherein the types of the calibration gas are consistent with those of the gas to be detected;
(2) The laser emitted by the same laser emitter can be received by a detector after respectively passing through three gas pools containing gas to be detected, calibration gas and reference gas, and the signal of the detector is received by an industrial personal computer;
(3) Calculating to obtain peak points of the gas to be measured and the calibration gas according to the received signals;
(4) Replacing the value in the existing database with the peak value of the calibration gas with a certain concentration, and reestablishing the database according to the proportion of the original database; the database utilizes background light intensity and HITRAN spectrum database to simulate normalized harmonic signals, establishes a curve relation between normalized harmonic peak points and gas concentration, and interpolates the peak points of measured normalized harmonic signals to obtain gas concentration;
(5) Comparing the peak point of the gas to be detected with the peak point in the reconstruction database, and determining the concentration of the gas to be detected;
the step 2 comprises the following steps:
(2.1) constructing a measuring platform and adjusting the angle to ensure that the light emitted from the laser emitter sequentially passes through the beam splitter, the gas tank and the detector to ensure the stability of the acquired signals;
(2.2) an edit function generator for generating a function of the sweep frequency superimposed modulation frequency;
(2.3) the detector collects the optical signals of the gas to be detectedReference gas light signal->And calibrating the gas light signal；
The step 3 comprises the following steps:
(3.1) processing the three signals received by the detector, respectively carrying out digital phase-locking filtering on the signals obtained by measuring the gas to be measured and the calibration gas and the reference gas so as to deduct the signals of the reference gas, thereby obtaining the signal values of the gas to be measured and the calibration gas with the environmental noise deducted;
(3.2) carrying out normalization processing on signal values of the gas to be detected and the calibration gas to obtain two groups of corresponding second harmonic and first harmonic signals;
(3.3) carrying out ratio processing on the obtained two groups of second harmonic signals and the first harmonic signal, so as to obtain the peak point heights of the gas to be detected and the calibration gas;
the step 4 comprises the following steps:
(4.1) simulation with background light intensity and HITRAN Spectrum databaseR 2f/1f Signal, establish the curve relation of peak point and gas concentration, will measureR 2f/1f Interpolation is carried out on peak points of the signals to obtain gas concentration;
the calibration process (4.2) comprises the following steps: firstly, introducing zero gas/high-purity N2, namely reference gas, and recording current concentration measurement data C of the instrument 0 Then the mixture is introduced into the reactor with the concentration of C S1 Is used for recording the current concentration measurement data C of the instrument M1 Then the mixture is introduced into the reactor with the concentration of C S2 （0< C S1 < C S2 ) CO2 calibration gas of (2), recording current concentration measurement data C of instrument M2 And finally, the calibrated instrument concentration measurement data C is given according to the following segmentation formula:
(4.3) the data of the updated database and the corresponding data in the original database should satisfy the following relation:
in the above formula:to reconstruct the height of peak point at a certain concentration in the database,/for example>Peak point height measured for calibration gas, +.>Peak point height measured for reference gas, +.>The peak point height is +.A.A.A.in the original database is the peak point height when the type and concentration of the gas are the same as those of the calibration gas>The peak point height is +.A.A peak point height when the concentration is the same as the reference gas type in the original database is +.>For peak point height in the original database at the same concentration as the reconstructed database, +.>The peak point height of the reference gas in the original database at the same concentration as the reconstructed database.
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| CN114199820A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-18 | 北京华亘安邦科技有限公司 | Gas concentration detection method and device |
| CN114460038B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-09-01 | 南京星空低碳科技中心(有限合伙) | Device and method for on-line monitoring concentration of sulfur trioxide |
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